Article(id=1317436127431209715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753286400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-24, revisedDate=1760457600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030849559, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030849559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030849559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030849559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436114500170416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1793', pageEnd='2016', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030846476, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031015367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1852, endPage=1864, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436127657702132, articleId=1317436127431209715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on barrier-breaking pathways for key core technologies from the perspective of triple barriers, columnId=1309226307540574209, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Theories and Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Breaking through the composite barriers in key core technologies is a necessary path to achieving technological self-reliance and strength. Based on the knowledge gap, path dependence and niche lock-in analytical framework, our paper systematically reveals the formation mechanisms of the triple barriers: Knowledge gap manifests as a dual imbalance between the fragmentation of explicit knowledge and the interruption in the inheritance of tacit knowledge. To break through it, a full-chain reconstruction mechanism is required, which includes the systematic integration of explicit knowledge, the explicit transformation of tacit knowledge, and the iterative optimization of knowledge systems; Path dependence arises from the self-solidification of technological systems, the synergistic lock-in of industrial chains, and the constraints of institutional combinations. To achieve trajectory transition, it is necessary to carry out modular decomposition of technical architectures, reconstruct technical standards, and design flexibly adjustable policy tools, among other measures. Niche Lock-in, in essence, refers to the multi-dimensional power solidification of technical standards, institutional rules, and knowledge networks. Achieving niche climbing relies on synergistic strategies including the reorganization of technical architectures, the remolding and integration of institutional rules, and the cognitive reconstruction of knowledge power. Furthermore, there exists a dynamic correlation between the triple barrier-breaking paths: knowledge reconstruction provides theoretical support for the leap of technological trajectories, the leap of technological trajectories creates interface conditions for niche ascension, and niche ascension feeds back to drive the innovation of knowledge production, thus forming a positive cycle that starts from knowledge reconstruction, moves to the leap of technological trajectories, then to niche ascension, and finally returns to knowledge reconstruction.

Based on the above conclusions, the following implications are derived: ① Establish a knowledge factor transformation system to resolve the dilemma of tacit knowledge inheritance. A national industrial knowledge graph platform should be built to integrate multimodal perception technologies and systematically capture high-dimensional tacit knowledge. ② Innovate dynamic policy tools to address the dilemma of technological trajectory lock-in. It is necessary to design a special policy package for intergenerational technological leaps and embed a flexible buffer mechanism to cope with path dependence. ③ Implement an innovation ecosystem power restructuring project to break through standard nesting blockades. A technological standard upgrading plan should be launched, and a mechanism for transforming international rules on standard nesting should be established. ④ Improve the collaborative barrier-breaking mechanism to enhance systematic evolution capability. An industry-university-research-government collaborative platform covering barrier diagnosis, path adaptation, and innovation ecosystem restructuring should be constructed, and a real-time monitoring indicator system for the three types of barriers should be developed.

, authors=Xun XI, authorsList=Xun XI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436131453547275, articleId=1317436127431209715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=三重障碍视角下关键核心技术破障路径研究, columnId=1309226307683180547, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=理论与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

破解关键核心技术面临的复合型障碍是实现科技自立自强的必经之路。本文基于“知识断层-路径依赖-生态位锁定”分析框架,系统揭示三重障碍的形成与破解机制:知识断层表现为显性知识碎片化与隐性知识传承断裂的双重困境,需借助显性知识系统整合、隐性知识显化与知识系统迭代的全链条重构机制实现突破;路径依赖源于技术体系自我固化、产业链协同锁定与制度组合约束,需以技术架构模块化分解与技术标准重构,并设计灵活调试政策工具等实现轨道跃迁;生态位锁定本质是技术标准、制度规则与知识网络的多维权力制约,实现生态位攀升依赖于技术架构重组、制度规则重塑整合及知识权力认知重构的协同策略。此外,三重破障路径之间存在动态关联,知识重构为技术轨道跃迁提供原理支撑,轨道跃迁创造生态位攀升接口条件,生态位攀升反哺知识生产模式革新,形成从知识重构到技术轨道跃迁到生态位攀升再回到知识重构的正循环。

, authors=袭讯, authorsList=袭讯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

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袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

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袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

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Social Science Front, 2025(4): 21-34., articleTitle=Deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation in China: Mechanisms, models, and pathways, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436144669799236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, doi=10.6049/kjjbydc.2024030138, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=81, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=张凯云, 王庆金, 石仁波, journalName=科技进步与对策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张凯云, 王庆金, 石仁波. 数字化转型背景下路径依赖战略与组织韧性能力匹配对企业技术创新绩效的影响——政策支持的调节效应[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2025, 42(8): 81-92., articleTitle=数字化转型背景下路径依赖战略与组织韧性能力匹配对企业技术创新绩效的影响——政策支持的调节效应, refAbstract=路径依赖战略和组织韧性能力作为企业数字化转型过程中的关键影响因素,能够反映企业在转型过程中“是否要转”和“是否能转”两个方面,对企业技术创新绩效的影响不容忽视。基于战略构型理论与动态能力理论,将路径依赖战略和组织韧性能力水平划分二维四象限组合,探究其对企业技术创新绩效(生长效应、同化效应、利用效应)的异质性影响,并揭示其作用机制。结果显示:在匹配一致情景下,高路径依赖战略—高组织韧性能力一致性水平越高,企业技术创新生长效应和同化效应越强(vs低路径依赖战略—低组织韧性能力),而利用效应水平则相反;在匹配不一致情景下,低路径依赖战略和高组织韧性能力组合能够显著提升企业技术创新生长效应、同化效应及利用效应(vs高路径依赖战略—低组织韧性能力)。此外,高水平政策支持能够显著调节路径依赖战略、组织韧性能力匹配一致情景和匹配不一致情景对企业技术创新绩效的影响。结论对于企业在数字化转型实践过程中提升技术创新绩效具有重要指导价值。), Reference(id=1317436144762073925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=81, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Zhang Y K, Wang Q J, Shi R B, journalName=Science & Technology Progress and Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y K, Wang Q J, Shi R B. 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The governance configurations of enterprise technical standards alliance for the Belt and Road: Based on conception of "Extensive consultation, Joint contribution, and Shared benefits"[J]. 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Internetization of enterprises and patenting abroad[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026, 44(4):831-841,858., articleTitle=Internetization of enterprises and patenting abroad, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317436146280411986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, doi=10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.034, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=103, issue=10, pageStart=417, pageEnd=431, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0148296317304800, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Elia S, Massini S, Narula R, journalName=Journal of Business Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Elia S, Massini S, Narula R. Disintegration, modularity and entry mode choice: Mirroring technical and organizational architectures in business functions offshoring[J]. 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Organization Science, 2017, 28(2): 355-377., articleTitle=Institutional regime shift in intellectual property rights and innovation strategies of firms in China, refAbstract=This study develops a novel conceptual framework to understand the differential impact of formal institutional regime shift in intellectual property rights on the innovation and patenting strategies of Chinese and Western firms operating in China. We argue that to the extent that Chinese firms have been deeply embedded in China’s informal institutions, they are less responsive to formal institutional changes than Western firms operating in China. Using the major China patent law reform of 2001 as an exogenous event, we find results consistent with our key arguments: With the strengthening of the previously weak (utility model) patent protection, Chinese firms are less likely to apply for such patents to safeguard their innovations than Western firms. However, this difference becomes less pronounced in regions with higher quality intellectual property rights and legal institutions that foster research and development and innovation, and when Western firms gain longer operational experience in China. This study advances our understanding of the intricate interaction between formal and informal institutions and specifically how “stickiness” may arise in their substitutive relationship because of the embeddedness of firms in informal institutional environments. It also provides important implications for policy and innovation strategies for policy makers and firms in emerging economies.), Reference(id=1317436146418824020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=8, issue=4, pageStart=100417, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Zhang C L, Xu Y M, journalName=Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C L, Xu Y M. Institutional innovation essence and knowledge innovation goal of intellectual property law in the big data era[J]. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 2023, 8(4): 100417., articleTitle=Institutional innovation essence and knowledge innovation goal of intellectual property law in the big data era, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1317436139884098356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, awardId=72304175, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304175), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1317436139967984437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, awardId=ZR2023QG052, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QG052), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1317436140022510390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436127431209715, awardId=25CLJJ45, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省哲学社会科学领军人才“111”培育项目专项课题(25CLJJ45), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317436131680039692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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三重障碍视角下关键核心技术破障路径研究
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袭讯
科学学研究 | 理论与方法 2026,44(9): 1852-1864
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科学学研究 |理论与方法 2026 , 44 (9) : 1852 -1864
三重障碍视角下关键核心技术破障路径研究
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袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

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袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

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袭讯
作者信息
  • 山东工商学院工商管理学院, 山东烟台 264005
作者简介:

袭讯(1993-),男,副教授,E-mail 。

Research on barrier-breaking pathways for key core technologies from the perspective of triple barriers
Xun XI
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15
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破解关键核心技术面临的复合型障碍是实现科技自立自强的必经之路。本文基于“知识断层-路径依赖-生态位锁定”分析框架,系统揭示三重障碍的形成与破解机制:知识断层表现为显性知识碎片化与隐性知识传承断裂的双重困境,需借助显性知识系统整合、隐性知识显化与知识系统迭代的全链条重构机制实现突破;路径依赖源于技术体系自我固化、产业链协同锁定与制度组合约束,需以技术架构模块化分解与技术标准重构,并设计灵活调试政策工具等实现轨道跃迁;生态位锁定本质是技术标准、制度规则与知识网络的多维权力制约,实现生态位攀升依赖于技术架构重组、制度规则重塑整合及知识权力认知重构的协同策略。此外,三重破障路径之间存在动态关联,知识重构为技术轨道跃迁提供原理支撑,轨道跃迁创造生态位攀升接口条件,生态位攀升反哺知识生产模式革新,形成从知识重构到技术轨道跃迁到生态位攀升再回到知识重构的正循环。

关键核心技术  /  知识断层  /  路径依赖  /  生态位锁定  /  破障路径

Breaking through the composite barriers in key core technologies is a necessary path to achieving technological self-reliance and strength. Based on the knowledge gap, path dependence and niche lock-in analytical framework, our paper systematically reveals the formation mechanisms of the triple barriers: Knowledge gap manifests as a dual imbalance between the fragmentation of explicit knowledge and the interruption in the inheritance of tacit knowledge. To break through it, a full-chain reconstruction mechanism is required, which includes the systematic integration of explicit knowledge, the explicit transformation of tacit knowledge, and the iterative optimization of knowledge systems; Path dependence arises from the self-solidification of technological systems, the synergistic lock-in of industrial chains, and the constraints of institutional combinations. To achieve trajectory transition, it is necessary to carry out modular decomposition of technical architectures, reconstruct technical standards, and design flexibly adjustable policy tools, among other measures. Niche Lock-in, in essence, refers to the multi-dimensional power solidification of technical standards, institutional rules, and knowledge networks. Achieving niche climbing relies on synergistic strategies including the reorganization of technical architectures, the remolding and integration of institutional rules, and the cognitive reconstruction of knowledge power. Furthermore, there exists a dynamic correlation between the triple barrier-breaking paths: knowledge reconstruction provides theoretical support for the leap of technological trajectories, the leap of technological trajectories creates interface conditions for niche ascension, and niche ascension feeds back to drive the innovation of knowledge production, thus forming a positive cycle that starts from knowledge reconstruction, moves to the leap of technological trajectories, then to niche ascension, and finally returns to knowledge reconstruction.

Based on the above conclusions, the following implications are derived: ① Establish a knowledge factor transformation system to resolve the dilemma of tacit knowledge inheritance. A national industrial knowledge graph platform should be built to integrate multimodal perception technologies and systematically capture high-dimensional tacit knowledge. ② Innovate dynamic policy tools to address the dilemma of technological trajectory lock-in. It is necessary to design a special policy package for intergenerational technological leaps and embed a flexible buffer mechanism to cope with path dependence. ③ Implement an innovation ecosystem power restructuring project to break through standard nesting blockades. A technological standard upgrading plan should be launched, and a mechanism for transforming international rules on standard nesting should be established. ④ Improve the collaborative barrier-breaking mechanism to enhance systematic evolution capability. An industry-university-research-government collaborative platform covering barrier diagnosis, path adaptation, and innovation ecosystem restructuring should be constructed, and a real-time monitoring indicator system for the three types of barriers should be developed.

key core technologies  /  knowledge gap  /  path dependence  /  niche lock-in  /  barrier-breaking paths
袭讯. 三重障碍视角下关键核心技术破障路径研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1852 -1864 .
Xun XI. Research on barrier-breaking pathways for key core technologies from the perspective of triple barriers[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1852 -1864 .
在全球技术竞争格局深刻重构背景下,关键核心技术已成为大国博弈的战略焦点。2015-2024年全球核心技术领域专利集中度明显提升,头部企业在半导体和人工智能等领域的专利控制率增长显著①(①数据来源:国家知识产权局发布的《2024数字经济核心产业专利统计分析报告》和工业和信息化部发布的《生成式人工智能全栈技术专利分析报告》等。),这一趋势加剧了后发国家技术追赶困境。在中国,该困境表现为三重结构性矛盾:其一,知识断层问题凸显,基础研究投入占研发总投入比例长期低于部分西方发达国家,导致像光刻机光学系统等关键核心技术的底层原理创新相对滞后,制程良率落后国际前沿水平;其二,路径依赖效应自我固化,传统技术轨道从学习效应到网络效应再到制度惯性形成自增强闭环,如中国乙烯产业相对依赖蒸汽裂解工艺,而高端聚烯烃占比不足导致行业陷入协同锁定陷阱;其三,生态位锁定态势加剧,如MATLAB凭借千万工程师用户黏性构建多维技术霸权,部分研究院所因授权终止致使在研项目停滞。在此背景下,探索关键核心技术破障路径已然成为实现科技自立自强的迫切需求。
既有研究讨论技术追赶问题已形成三类范式:知识基础观强调技术能力的累积性[1],路径依赖观解析技术轨道的锁定机制[2],生态系统观关注创新网络的结构特性[3]。然而具体到关键核心技术追赶方面,现有结论尚存局限:一是知识断层分析极化,且过度聚焦显性知识流动,忽视隐性知识的传承断裂;二是路径突破机制静态化,将关键核心技术轨道跃迁简化为离散事件,未揭示从认知突破到标准重构再到制度适配的动态演化规律;三是生态位锁定解构表层化,局限于供应链依赖分析,对多维权力霸权和标准嵌套等新型锁定形态缺乏深度解析。此外,单一维度的突破策略难以应对复合型障碍,如长江存储虽通过Xtacking架构实现闪存技术跃迁,但仍面临设备协同和标准兼容等生态制约。这凸显构建系统性破障框架的理论必要性。
鉴于此,本文提出“知识断层-路径依赖-生态位锁定”三维分析框架,通过理论建构探索关键核心技术障碍突破路径。首先,分析知识断层的双维困境,通过工业大模型案例挖掘显性知识跨域整合与隐性知识外化的经验,构建基于知识溯源的系统性重构模型,以此破解显性知识碎片化与隐性经验传承断裂的双重束缚;其次,分析路径依赖锁定效应,以存储芯片技术轨道跃迁为案例,揭示其中的技术架构升维、产业链拓扑和制度工具进化的协同机制,以此破解技术轨道锁定和跃迁之间的矛盾;再次,分析生态位锁定机制并设计生态位攀升策略,通过光伏技术标准生态位的突围例证,萃取多维权力制约中的生态位攀升机制。与此同时,分析知识重构、技术轨道跃迁和生态位攀升三重破障路径之间的动态关联机制,为突破复合型关键核心技术障碍提供兼具理论深度与实践操作性的解决方案。
知识断层本质上是知识生产、转化与应用链条的系统性失衡,表现为显性知识碎片化与隐性知识传承断裂的双重困境。从显性知识维度看,技术能力的累积依赖知识体系化存储与跨学科整合[4]。然而,我国基础研究投入长期存在结构性失衡,导致技术原理层知识储备不足且碎片化明显。基础研究作为技术创新的原始动力[1],其投入占比偏低引发知识积累的阈值效应,即当核心原理知识未达临界规模时,技术突破概率随知识缺口扩大呈指数级衰减[5]。这种失衡在研发资源配置中表现为应用研究过度集中,聚焦短期效益的技术改良挤占基础研究资源,导致关键核心技术的底层原理创新滞后。
隐性知识传承断裂则暴露了知识转化的深层困境。根据Nonaka的SECI模型,隐性知识需通过社会化以及外化等阶段实现价值转化[6],但部分产业面临双重挑战:一是干中学机制瓦解,资深员工断层导致隐性知识的社会化传承链断裂;二是数字化工具的能力边界仅能捕获显性参数,而工艺调试中的直觉等默会知识,因高维感知数据的捕获缺失与复杂规则的编码局限,陷入黏性陷阱[7]。这种隐性知识的失传率随技术复杂度提升呈现增长规律,导致工艺优化依赖重复性试错,核心技术的稳定性与迭代效率受限。
双维困境的交织引发知识系统迭代失效,表现为显性知识碎片化导致创新搜索空间收缩,隐性知识流失削弱技术实现的精度与速度,共同构成技术能力进阶的双向束缚。其本质是知识生产过程中以基础研究为代表的供给端与以隐性经验为代表的转化端双向失灵,打破了技术能力积累的平衡。破解这一困境需要从显隐性知识管理范式革新入手,构建显性知识系统整合、隐性知识显化与知识系统动态进化的全链条重构机制,为技术突破奠定认知基座。
知识重构是破解知识断层的核心路径,其理论逻辑根植于显隐性知识管理与动态迭代的交叉融合。然而,传统工业场景中显隐性知识黏性导致转化效率低下[7]。对此,中工互联通过显性知识整合、隐性知识外化以及动态迭代优化的三阶创新架构,系统验证了知识重构效能。
针对显性知识碎片化与跨学科割裂的困境,中工互联构建了覆盖设备机理模型和工艺参数库等多类知识模块的跨领域图谱,通过动态语义网络将离散的光学畸变补偿算法和热膨胀系数匹配模型等显性知识单元进行系统性编码与关联。技术实现层面,采用多模态感知技术对国际大厂焊线工艺参数进行逆向解析,结合高维特征空间建模,将原本分散于不同技术路线的显性知识转化为结构化规则库,填补了基础研究薄弱导致的技术原理层知识空洞。价值闭环机制则通过工业物联网终端实时采集产线数据,建立工艺参数与质量指标的动态映射关系,形成小时级的知识更新迭代能力,突破传统显性知识库更新滞后导致的知识僵化。该架构消解了显性知识积累不足以及碎片化的结构性矛盾,使跨学科知识整合效率显著提升,为突破光刻机物镜调试等技术瓶颈提供系统性知识支撑。
针对隐性知识外化的挑战,中工互联采用深度学习特征提取加知识蒸馏量化编码的双引擎架构,通过对国际大厂焊线工艺参数的逆向工程解析,结合量子退火算法构建高维工艺特征空间,将操作经验中隐含的力度曲线偏好和振动补偿直觉等默会知识转化为可复用的规则库,使焊线轨迹规划模型的调试周期大幅压缩。尤为关键的是,中工互联基于实时进化系统部署工业物联网终端,实现微米级焊点形态的在线感知,在某存储芯片产线中形成分钟级别迭代的知识更新周期。这一实践不仅有效降低了虚焊率,更推动工艺知识库以前所未有的速度持续进化,构建起覆盖广泛制造领域的认知网络。这种从知识整合、外化到自进化的全链条突破,标志着工业大模型技术正式跨越数据驱动迈向认知驱动的新范式。
知识重构路径的本质是系统修复知识生产、转化与应用链条的断裂,其根植于显隐性知识管理与动态迭代的交叉融合。具体而言,该路径包含三个核心维度:
显性知识系统整合。针对显性知识碎片化与跨学科割裂的困境,需构建动态语义网络实现知识重构,通过编码化存储技术将发散的技术原理转化为结构化规则库,建立跨领域知识关联机制,如图1所示。该过程需突破传统知识库的刚性存储模式,利用多模态感知技术对异构数据进行语义特征对齐,形成可扩展的知识图谱架构。整合效率的提升依赖于知识模块化与接口标准化,使原本分散于不同学科体系的显性知识形成协同进化能力,从根本上填补基础研究薄弱导致的技术原理层知识空洞。
隐性知识外化。破解隐性知识传承断裂需建立经验要素的数字化迁移通道,基于SECI知识创造模型的外化机制升级,通过高维特征建模捕获员工实践中的多维感知数据,将不可编码的经验转化为可计算的决策向量。该过程的核心在于设计隐性知识蒸馏框架,通过降维参数空间与设计提取规则,在保留经验本质特征的同时实现隐性知识的显性表达,破解路径如图2所示。隐性知识外化的实现需要突破传统数字化工具的表层参数捕获局限,构建覆盖经验产生、传递与应用全周期的闭环转化体系。
知识系统迭代优化。突破知识僵化依赖于建立实时进化系统,如通过物联平台终端采集产线实时数据,构建工艺参数与质量指标的动态映射关系,形成知识要素的自主更新。该机制需设计负反馈调节算法,当检测到知识应用偏差时自动触发知识库重构,实现从静态存储向流式进化的范式转换,破解路径见图3所示。迭代优化的效率取决于知识更新频率与跨域耦合强度,需通过强化学习建立知识单元的自适应关联规则,使显性知识与隐性经验在持续交互中实现协同优化。
知识重构路径为突破关键核心技术壁垒奠定了认知基础,它与后续探讨的技术轨道跃迁路径以及生态位攀升路径共同构成层层递进的系统性破障体系。就知识重构路径而言,其是起点和根基,这是因为该路径通过整合显性知识图谱与推动隐性知识显性化,有效填补了基础研究薄弱导致的技术原理层空洞与工艺经验传承断裂,这为技术突破提供了必需的原理知识和可操作的经验规则。没有对底层原理和核心工艺的深刻理解与系统化编码,就难以实现颠覆性的架构创新和产业链拓扑结构重组。换言之,知识重构是打破技术体系自我固化、实现技术轨道跃迁的先决条件。
技术轨道固化源于多重反馈下的动态陷阱,其本质是技术、产业链与制度要素协同演化的系统性失衡。这一过程体现为技术体系自我固化、产业链协同锁定和制度组合互补性约束,最终因创新要素的空间黏性积累而形成路径依赖。
技术体系的自我固化。技术体系因创新主体对组织惯例的认知惯性形成知识生产递归循环。当特定技术方向获得早期竞争优势后,其知识积累会触发边际创新投入的报酬递增效应,导致研发资源持续向局部倾斜[8]。这种成熟技术体系不仅沉淀为专用性人力资本以及设备资产的沉没成本,更因知识图谱固化造成创新搜索空间收缩[9]。其直接结果是技术演进呈现渐进式改良特征,但颠覆性创新的潜在路径被抑制。
产业链的协同锁定。产业链的深度耦合构建起适应既有技术轨道的协同网络,包括供应商的配套技术标准、分销渠道的依赖以及用户认知锚定,共同形成相互适应且相互约束的协同体系[10,11]。这种产业链协同在提升局部效率的同时,催生出技术替代的成本壁垒,即任何突破性创新不仅需要迭代核心技术,更需重构整个价值网络的交互规则。当系统达到均衡时,创新主体理性决策反而增加产业层面的创新僵化。
制度组合的互补性约束。政策工具与技术标准构成的制度框架形成隐性选择压力,表现为生产规制、融资渠道和产业政策的制度组合与既有技术体系形成深度嵌套,其互补性特征构建起创新转型的制度摩擦界面[12]。这种刚性约束在技术代际更迭期尤为显著,新兴技术往往面临技术可行但制度不可行的适配困境[13],导致创新要素流动陷入制度性粘滞。
技术空间黏性的累积。技术轨道的锁定呈现显著空间依赖性,产业集群基础设施共享、生产要素地理专用性以及区域创新政策路径延续,共同催生技术能力的空间粘滞效应[14]。这种黏性不仅表现为因资源投入难以退出而产生的锁定效应,更在于区域创新网络通过隐性经验的代际传递,将技术发展路径逐步固化为区域创新的认知基座[15],就像行业内通过师徒相传的实践经验,将特定技术范式沉淀为地域产业的集体认知框架,最终形成难以突破的空间锁定效应,更深层次地反映在地方性知识体系的再生产机制中。
制度工具的适应性进化。针对存储芯片研发的“死亡之谷”困境,政策体系实现从线性支持向生态培育的范式转型。国家集成电路产业投资基金采用技术里程碑对赌机制,要求企业每代技术研发必须包含颠覆性创新模块。这种制度设计打破传统补贴政策与既有技术体系的互补性锁定,催生出像是在3D-NAND研发中的晶圆低温键合技术等多项核心专利。政策工具的适应性调整构建起制度摩擦的缓冲层,使颠覆性创新研发投入的占比显著提升。
数字孪生驱动的空间突破。长鑫存储基于工业互联平台构建起参数宇宙系统,该系统以数字孪生为载体,将现实空间中的工艺参数映射至虚拟计算空间,构建起具备自主优化能力的知识生产体系。在高带宽存储芯片研发场景中,数字孪生技术的空间突破效应表现为:通过强化学习算法对芯片堆叠方案进行虚拟仿真,生成结构化堆叠方案,经数字验证后实现信号传输延迟降低。这一突破超越了传统试错法的经验依赖,其本质是通过数字空间的无限可重复性与并行计算能力,突破物理研发在时空维度的约束:在时间维度上,将传统的热力学循环测试时间大幅压缩;在空间维度上,构建起与物理实验室并行运作的虚拟研发环境。
中国存储芯片产业突破技术轨道锁定的实践,揭示了技术架构、产业链条和制度工具等多要素协同联动机制。这一进程通过技术架构升维、产业链拓扑裂变与制度工具迭代的三重变革,破解了传统路径依赖的锁定效应。
技术架构的维度升级。当平面微缩技术逼近物理极限,传统技术体系因研发投入用于光刻胶配方改良等渐进式创新而陷入创新陷阱。长鑫存储在三维堆叠架构中引入混合键合技术,通过增加存储单元的垂直堆叠层数,显著提升芯片存储密度和性能,以此应对人工智能等高算力场景对高速存储的需求。这种技术路径的升维突破,实质是通过改变存储单元物理排列规则,重构技术演进参数空间,使得量子隧穿效应从性能瓶颈转化为结构创新的驱动要素。
产业链的拓扑裂变。传统存储芯片产业的IDM模式形成刚性嵌套的价值网络,设备商与制造厂的深度绑定导致创新僵化。长江存储开发的Xtacking架构将存储阵列与外围电路分层制造,通过晶圆级键合技术实现模块化生产。这种技术路径的变革引发产业链的拓扑重构,致使国产刻蚀机厂商的市占率显著提升,检测设备供应商数量成倍增加,形成分布式创新网络。其本质是通过技术架构变革触发产业链解耦重组,降低技术替代的转移成本。
技术轨道跃迁本质上是技术体系对路径依赖结构性矛盾的重构过程。在技术体系的自我固化阶段,既有技术轨道通过知识生产的递归循环形成认知惯性,而跃迁的发生始于对技术认知层面的突破,通过升维技术架构重构参数空间,将物理极限从约束条件转化为创新变量,打破组织惯性的认知锁定。这种认知突破触发知识生产模式重构,促使知识生产从基于经验归纳的封闭循环转向数据驱动的开放演绎,通过跨域知识编码与高维参数解耦重构技术认知体系,破解路径如图4所示。该过程打破技术体系的自我固化机制,使物理约束转化为创新维度拓展的逻辑起点,推动技术轨道从渐进演化转向范式跃迁。
产业链的协同锁定源于产业链深度耦合形成的转移成本壁垒。技术轨道跃迁进程中,技术架构的模块化分解与技术标准重构成为破局关键,其促使产业链向基于开放接口协议的创新网络转型,为分布式创新主体自组织涌现提供交互场域。一方面,模块化生产网络通过知识溢出效应重构产业竞合关系,推动创新要素从路径依赖的粘滞状态转向动态重组的弹性网络,实现产业链刚性锁定向柔性重构的范式转换;另一方面,作为复杂系统相变过程,开放接口协议借助外部性实现技术标准扩散,推动合作主体主动适配新架构,将原本阻碍创新的协同锁定效应转化为促进技术扩散与协同创新的正反馈机制,进而推动产业链向更高阶创新生态系统演进。破解路径见图5所示。
制度组合约束在技术代际更迭期形成创新要素流动刚性界面。跃迁依赖于制度工具的灵活调适,通过构建技术里程碑对赌等弹性调节机制,将一刀切式的政策支持转化为动态响应创新激励体系。这种制度调适本质上是选择压力的梯度调控,在保持主流技术轨道稳定的同时,为新兴架构预留制度容错空间。政策工具与技术演进协同进化形成双向学习机制,引导研发资源跳出技术演进的局部锁定状态,推动制度与技术的互动关系从刚性约束向动态适配的良性循环转变。破解路径见图6所示。
技术空间依赖表现为技术能力的地理固化,而通过数字认知重构可以打破技术空间依赖。工业互联网平台将区域隐性知识转化为可迁移的数据要素,参数宇宙系统通过算法来突破地理专用性的认知锚定。这种数字孪生驱动的预见性治理重构了技术体系的时空逻辑,使技术演进从现实试错转向虚拟预演,地方性知识体系再生产机制被重塑为区域间可共享的数字基座,破解路径见图7所示。当数据要素深度嵌入技术生成过程时,空间粘滞效应可转化为创新扩散的动力源。
与知识重构路径提供认知基础不同,技术轨道实现跃迁的根本意义在于创造技术优势并提升市场竞争能力。技术实力质变为生态位攀升提供了议价筹码,使技术追随者转变为规则挑战者,直接冲击固有生态位权力结构。同时,技术架构变革引发的产业链拓扑重构了被锁定的生态网络,为建立新生态位接口创造时间窗口。更重要的是,技术轨道实现跃迁为制度与规则变革提供现实依据,倒逼政策和标准等制度体系从维护旧轨道转向适配新轨道,使创新主体得以从适应规则转向塑造规则。因此,技术轨道跃迁通过创造竞争优势、重构产业网络和倒逼制度变革,为生态位攀升提供了不可或缺的实现路径和战略支点。
生态位锁定是创新生态系统在演化中形成的多维权力制约现象,其表现为技术标准、制度规则与知识网络相互嵌套,控制创新要素流动。技术维度,架构控制权通过行业标准的强制定义形成路径依赖[16],如光伏单晶硅片领域,金刚线切割工艺线径标准与硅片厚度参数的协同设计,将设备商、辅材供应链及下游电池工艺锚定在特定技术轨道,形成设备兼容性丧失和工艺失配的现状。制度维度表现为技术标准与政策工具的互补绑定[17],如双面组件技术标准嵌入贸易规则框架,使技术参数成为突破关税壁垒的制度性筹码,实现技术优势向国际贸易规则话语权的升维转化。知识维度则通过专利布局与标准认证体系的深层渗透,将创新主体技术事实固化为行业认知范式[18],如绑定核心专利与量产指标,迫使竞争对手将改进技术纳入既定专利池,形成知识生产与技术可行性的隐性控制权。
生态位锁定机制演化遵循从技术制约到制度制约再到知识制约的逻辑。技术架构权通过参数模块化构建技术扩散的排他性网络,抑制异质性技术路径[19];制度性权力借助规则嵌套效应塑造创新要素流动的制度门槛,将局部技术优势转化为价值链治理权[20];知识权力通过渗透产学研网络将特定技术框架内化为行业共识,形成技术认知的路径依赖[21]。三者交互增强,表现为技术锁定为制度规则提供载体,制度规则巩固知识权力的合法性,知识殖民反哺技术的深层固化,最终形成创新生态系统的动态陷阱。
生态位锁定的本质是技术、制度和知识三维权力通过产业链嵌套与标准体系构建而形成的非对称博弈格局。主导者依托技术标准下的市场网络协同、制度规则下的政策工具互补、知识权力下的认知框架控制,形成对创新生态系统的多维控制,而后发者面临技术轨道锁定、制度壁垒高筑和知识殖民三重挑战,陷入从追赶到适配再到锁定的循环困境[19-21]。这种非对称博弈不仅抑制技术创新多样性,更通过系统自增强机制维持权力结构稳定,成为生态位攀升的核心障碍。
技术标准与市场网络的协同嵌套。隆基绿能在单晶硅片领域构建的金刚线切割和PERC电池技术架构,展现出生态系统中技术标准与市场网络的深度耦合。通过将金刚线切割工艺的线径标准与硅片厚度参数进行协同设计,隆基建立起薄片化高切割效率技术轨道。这种架构控制权使得后来者若采用不同技术路线,将面临设备兼容性丧失、辅材供应链断裂以及下游电池工艺失配的三重锁定。当技术参数通过中国光伏行业协会上升为团体标准时,技术优势便转化为市场准入的筛选机制。
制度互补性与规则制定权的形成。光伏产业技术标准与政策工具的协同强化,在“双面组件豁免201关税”事件中展现制度性权力。在美国发起光伏201调查时,隆基与其他光伏企业推动双面发电组件技术标准纳入技术性贸易措施谈判框架,这种技术标准与国际贸易规则互补,客观上促使美国国际贸易法院裁定双面组件排除关税清单。隆基通过深度参与并推动双面组件测试标准修订,使中国企业户外数据成为国际认证依据,通过技术标准升维为规则制定权实现对海外竞争对手的测试成本压制。
知识权力网络的渗透。隆基绿能在N型TOPCon电池技术体系构建中,通过多维度布局展现出对知识生产网络的深度把控能力。其以掺杂多晶硅层梯度钝化加无绕镀金属化核心专利为基础,构建覆盖材料制备、设备参数和检测方法的专利组合,并将核心专利技术参数与行业绿色标准中有关N型电池量产技术规范相衔接,促使供应链企业通过专利授权认证,使行业相关技术改进纳入其专利池框架。此外,隆基通过产学研网络强化知识权力,其技术专家在光伏材料与器件国家工程研究中心参与关键技术研发工作,并且隆基与CSA集团保持技术沟通,作为行业代表参与光伏电池性能评价相关标准的研讨,推动N型电池的衰减率测试方法与数据统计规范等形成行业共识,使得行业技术认知向其构建的知识框架靠拢。最终在TOPCon技术产业化初期,隆基依托专利与标准的协同,构筑起标准认证优势。
生态位调节与颠覆性创新驯化。面对钙钛矿叠层电池的潜在颠覆,隆基展现出生态系统主导者的动态调节能力。当纤纳光电实现钙钛矿组件高水平认证效率时,隆基通过开放特定硅片尺寸标准,允许下游企业在硅基电池上集成钙钛矿层。该框架引导挑战者采用隆基的硅片接口标准,否则无法接入现有串焊设备体系,这种兼容策略将颠覆性技术与现有产业生态顺畅衔接。同时,隆基与设备企业开展硅基制造设备的精度优化合作,将技术竞争焦点从材料突破转向设备精度,利用企业在精密制造端的存量优势完成生态位重构。这种权力拓扑的弹性调整,使得颠覆性威胁被转化为既有技术轨道的延伸动力。
技术架构权的重构与再嵌入策略。生态位攀升的首要逻辑在于技术架构权的主动重构,这一过程通过解耦既有技术体系与再嵌入新价值网络实现。当技术标准与市场网络形成固化耦合,创新主体需精准识别技术模块中弱关联节点,将核心工艺参数从传统技术体系中分离,重新定义要素间的协同关系。解耦的关键在于把握产业链价值分布核心脉络,通过跨维度技术参数来构建新技术价值网络;再嵌入则依赖市场规模效应与制度载体,借助行业协会将主导的技术参数转化为团体标准,形成技术扩散的合法通道,最终在新技术生态中确立架构主导地位。破解路径见图8所示。
制度权力的跨层整合与规则重塑策略。突破制度锁定需要构建技术标准与政策工具的跨层协同体系:一方面,创新主体通过将生产研发数据转化为行业认证核心依据,推动技术优势向规则解释权转化,当技术标准嵌入规则框架,其技术属性便转变为规则博弈的核心要素。另一方面,更深层的制度创新在于开辟新规则接口,使技术标准在制度层面获得制定权,构建跨越技术与制度维度的复合权力,破解路径见图9所示。这种跨层协同策略不仅对既有制度壁垒产生冲击,更能在全球竞争中重塑规则话语权,为生态位攀升提供制度支撑。
知识权力网络的认知重构与标准确权策略。破解知识权力的认知锁定,需从专利布局、标准确权和产学研渗透三个维度重构知识生产体系:首先,创新主体通过扩展核心专利,形成覆盖材料制备、设备参数和检测算法的专利组合,并将专利技术参数与行业规范中的指标绑定,使技术改进自觉纳入其专利池框架;其次,在标准确权层面,将内部检测算法和工艺规范植入认证体系,推动创新主体技术事实转化为行业共识;最后,产学研网络的深度渗透进一步强化这种认知控制,通过在权威技术组织中参与关键工作组以及与科研机构共建技术溯源中心,将技术框架内化为行业技术演进的底层逻辑,最终在技术代际更替中构建知识壁垒。破解路径见图10所示。
颠覆性技术的生态位兼容与方向驯化策略。面对颠覆性技术的潜在冲击,生态位调节的核心在于通过兼容性架构实现威胁转化。主导者可开放部分核心技术标准,允许新兴技术在既有接口框架内集成应用,引导挑战者遵循既定规格和设备适配标准,从而将革命性创新纳入现有技术轨道,使颠覆者转化为补充者。同时,通过组建技术联盟,将竞争焦点从新兴领域转向存量优势领域,重塑技术竞争的维度边界,破解路径见图11所示。这种弹性策略既保留了对技术演进方向的控制权,又借助外部创新要素激活既有生态系统,使颠覆性威胁转化为技术轨道延伸的新动力,实现对创新生态的动态驯化与主导权维系。
生态位攀升路径通过提升主体在创新生态系统中的位势和资源掌控能力,为知识生产与重构提供了优越条件与方向。具体而言,当主体通过技术架构权重构、制度权力跨层整合及知识权力网络渗透成功实现生态位攀升后,便获得更强的资源汲取能力、更广泛的创新合作网络以及对技术演进方向的引领权。这种提升了的生态位势能直接反哺知识重构过程:首先,更高的市场占有率提供充沛的研发资金,可以持续投资工业大模型和数字孪生等知识挖掘型基础设施,从而高效捕获和显化隐性知识;其次,主导或深度参与国际标准制定,意味着能够接触并整合更前沿且更广泛的全球知识流,这增加了显性知识整合的广度与深度,有助于填补基础原理层知识空洞。最后,生态位优势带来的技术路线定义权,使知识重构方向能聚焦于未来关键领域,提升了知识投资效率。因此,实现生态位攀升并非终点,而是通过赋能知识重构的规模、质量和效率,为更高级别的技术轨道突破和生态位竞争奠定认知基础,从而形成螺旋上升的增强回路。
本研究构建“知识断层-路径依赖-生态位锁定”三维分析框架,系统揭示关键核心技术所面临的复合型障碍机制与破障逻辑:知识断层作为基础层障碍,本质是显性知识体系碎片化与隐性知识传承断裂的叠加,其破解路径为显性知识系统整合、隐性知识显化与知识系统迭代的全链条重构机制;路径依赖作为中层锁定障碍,源于技术体系自我固化、产业链协同锁定与制度组合约束,需通过技术架构模块化分解与技术标准重构,并设计灵活调试政策工具等实现技术轨道跃迁;生态位锁定作为顶层权力结构障碍,表现为技术标准、制度规则与知识网络的协同制约,实现突围依赖于技术架构重组、制度规则重塑整合及知识权力认知重构的协同策略。此外,三重破障路径之间动态关联,知识重构为技术轨道跃迁提供原理支撑,技术轨道跃迁创造生态位攀升接口条件,生态位攀升反哺知识生产模式革新,形成从知识重构到轨道跃迁到生态位攀升再回到知识重构的正循环。根据上述结论可得以下启示:
构建知识要素转化体系,破解隐性知识传承困境。应建立国家工业知识图谱平台,整合多模态感知技术,系统捕获高维隐性知识。参考存储芯片封装场景中高维工艺特征空间的构建经验,重点发展工业大模型逆向解析能力,将隐性知识转化为可编程规则库。建议设立专项基金支持数字孪生工程,在光刻机和数控机床等战略领域建设知识蒸馏中心,通过实时进化系统实现隐性知识库每小时级迭代更新。同时改革高等教育学科评估体系,引导重大科技项目配置跨学科协作模块,构建覆盖多学科的动态语义网络协同平台,打破知识孤岛效应。
创新动态政策工具,破解技术轨道锁定困局。需设计技术代际跃迁专项政策包,嵌入弹性缓冲机制应对路径依赖。借鉴存储芯片产业技术里程碑对赌经验,将颠覆性创新占比设定为研发补贴的核心考核指标,建立创新路线图动态修正机制。针对氢冶金等战略产业,推广模块化技术架构标准,鼓励新上项目预留接口兼容颠覆性技术。建立产业链解耦补偿基金,对因技术轨道切换导致的设备沉没成本给予财政补贴,加速分布式创新网络形成。在政策工具包中融入数字孪生预见性治理模块,参考参数宇宙系统变量模拟能力,构建重大技术决策的虚拟预演平台,降低创新试错成本。
实施创新生态权力重构工程,突破标准嵌套封锁。需启动技术标准升维计划,建立标准嵌套国际规则转化机制。参照光伏产业将双面组件标准嵌入国际框架的经验,在量子计算和6G通信等领域构建技术标准、贸易规则和碳关税三位一体的制度嵌套体系。设立国家数据确权中心,运用区块链技术实现工业数据主权化,打造类似光伏组件全生命周期数据库的知识权力载体。组建跨部门生态位调节委员会,针对钙钛矿电池等颠覆性技术,制定接口标准开放加专利池反制组合策略,助推主导企业释放一定技术接口。建议设立数字生态权力发展基金,重点培育数字孪生体与运维算法等权力要素,在智能网联汽车等领域率先构建物理和数字互相嵌套的生态系统。
完善协同破障机制,强化系统演化能力。应构建障碍诊断、路径适配和创新生态重构的政产学研协同平台,建立三重障碍的实时监测指标体系。参考存储芯片良率提升与光伏标准突围的协同经验,设计知识重构度、技术轨道跃迁指数和生态位控制率等量化指标,实施季度动态评估。培育国家创新生态系统实验室,重点研究多维权力的协同压制阈值与相变条件,开发类似先进叠层技术联盟的耗散结构模型。建议在重点产业集群试点负熵注入机制,对引入异质性创新要素的企业给予研发费用加计扣除,触发系统从锁定态向跃迁态转换。同时加强国际技术治理人才培养,建立标准制定人才库,系统提升规则定价能力。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304175)
  • 山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QG052)
  • 山东省哲学社会科学领军人才“111”培育项目专项课题(25CLJJ45)
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2026年第44卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2025-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-24
  • 修回日期:2025-10-15
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304175)
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QG052)
山东省哲学社会科学领军人才“111”培育项目专项课题(25CLJJ45)
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    山东工商学院工商管理学院, 山东烟台 264005
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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