Article(id=1317436116794462542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747670400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-20, revisedDate=1751558400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792030847022, onlineDateStr=2026-10-15, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792030847022, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792030847022, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792030847022, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317436114500170416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1793', pageEnd='2016', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792030846476, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792031015367, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317436822926504830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1317436114500170416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1994, endPage=2002, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317436116999983439, articleId=1317436116794462542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=How industrial enterprises can build open digital platform capabilities——From the perspective of “digital-ecological” synergy, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Constructing open digital platforms is essential for industrial enterprises to achieve digital transformation and ecological synergy. However, systematic research on integrating external innovation capabilities with internal business systems through platform openness remains limited. This study employs a longitudinal case analysis of five pioneering industrial enterprises to elucidate the construction path and ecological synergy mechanisms of open digital platform capabilities. Findings reveal: (1) The construction of these capabilities follows a three-stage progression “open infrastructure—ecological synergy expansion—value co-creation iteration,” characterized by phases of “connection—symbiosis—evolution.” (2) “Digital-ecological” capabilities, facilitated by “introduction—collaboration—governance” strategies, achieve synergies across “technical interfaces—resource networks—rule systems,” transforming the platform from an instrumental infrastructure to an innovation ecosystem hub. This research reveals the dynamic laws of open digital platform capability construction, expands the intersection of open digital platform theory and ecosystem research, and provides actionable insights for industrial enterprises to accelerate ecological transformation through open strategies.

, authors=Jia ZHOU1, 2, Qin SU1, 2, authorsList=Jia ZHOU, Qin SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317436118023393620, articleId=1317436116794462542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=工业企业如何构建开放式数字平台能力——基于“数字—生态”协同视角, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

构建开放式数字平台已成为工业企业实现数字化转型与生态化协同的关键路径,但如何通过平台开放性整合外部创新能力与内部业务系统仍缺乏系统研究。通过对5家率先构建开放式数字平台的工业企业进行纵贯式案例分析,揭示了开放式数字平台能力的构建路径与生态协同机制。研究发现:(1)开放式数字平台能力遵循“开放基础建设—生态协同扩展—价值共创迭代”三阶段演化路径,具有“连接—共生—进化”的进阶特征;(2)“数字—生态”能力通过“引入—协作—治理”三大策略,实现了“技术接口—资源网络—规则体系”的生态化协同,推动平台从工具性基础设施向创新生态中枢转型。研究揭示了开放式数字平台能力构建的动态规律,拓展了开放式数字平台与生态系统研究的交叉领域,为工业企业通过开放战略加速生态化转型提供了实践启示。

, authors=周嘉1, 2, 苏秦1, 2, authorsList=周嘉, 苏秦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

周嘉(1993-),男,博士研究生,E-mail:。

苏秦(1963-),女,回族,教授、博士生导师。

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Profile of case enterprises

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业名称 成立时间 所属行业 市场份额 核心业务 主要客户
仪电显示 2003 电子信息 国内液晶面板设备市场前五 液晶面板生产设备与工艺优化 京东方、TCL华星、天马微电子
正泰电气 1997 高端装备 国内电气设备上市公司前三 光伏逆变器、智能电表、微电网调度 国家电网、比亚迪、海外能源项目
超硅半导体 2008 集成电路 国内硅片制造设备市场前三 大尺寸硅片制造设备与封装测试 中芯国际、华虹半导体、台积电
昊海生物 2007 生物医药 国内眼科医疗晶体领域前三 新药研发与临床试验数据管理 恒瑞医药、复星医药、国际药企(如辉瑞)
保隆科技 1997 汽车零部件 全球汽车传感器市场前五 智能驾驶数据平台与传感器 特斯拉、蔚来、比亚迪、大众集团
), ArticleFig(id=1317436123798950262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436116794462542, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

案例企业情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业名称 成立时间 所属行业 市场份额 核心业务 主要客户
仪电显示 2003 电子信息 国内液晶面板设备市场前五 液晶面板生产设备与工艺优化 京东方、TCL华星、天马微电子
正泰电气 1997 高端装备 国内电气设备上市公司前三 光伏逆变器、智能电表、微电网调度 国家电网、比亚迪、海外能源项目
超硅半导体 2008 集成电路 国内硅片制造设备市场前三 大尺寸硅片制造设备与封装测试 中芯国际、华虹半导体、台积电
昊海生物 2007 生物医药 国内眼科医疗晶体领域前三 新药研发与临床试验数据管理 恒瑞医药、复星医药、国际药企(如辉瑞)
保隆科技 1997 汽车零部件 全球汽车传感器市场前五 智能驾驶数据平台与传感器 特斯拉、蔚来、比亚迪、大众集团
), ArticleFig(id=1317436123878642039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436116794462542, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Data sources

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数据来源 仪电显示 正泰电器 超硅半导体 昊海生物 保隆科技
一手数据 访谈人数 13 15 17 8 11
访谈时间(小时) 6 6 5 4 4
转录文字(万字) 6.1 6.6 4.3 3.5 5.2
二手数据 内部资料(份) 10 9 11 7 5
外部资料(份) 16 20 14 15 11
), ArticleFig(id=1317436123945750904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1317436116794462542, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

数据来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源 仪电显示 正泰电器 超硅半导体 昊海生物 保隆科技
一手数据 访谈人数 13 15 17 8 11
访谈时间(小时) 6 6 5 4 4
转录文字(万字) 6.1 6.6 4.3 3.5 5.2
二手数据 内部资料(份) 10 9 11 7 5
外部资料(份) 16 20 14 15 11
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工业企业如何构建开放式数字平台能力——基于“数字—生态”协同视角
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周嘉 1, 2 , 苏秦 1, 2
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(9): 1994-2002
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (9) : 1994 -2002
工业企业如何构建开放式数字平台能力——基于“数字—生态”协同视角
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周嘉1, 2 , 苏秦1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安交通大学管理学院, 陕西西安 710049
  • 2 精密微纳制造技术全国重点实验室, 陕西西安 710049
作者简介:

周嘉(1993-),男,博士研究生,E-mail:。

苏秦(1963-),女,回族,教授、博士生导师。

How industrial enterprises can build open digital platform capabilities——From the perspective of “digital-ecological” synergy
Jia ZHOU1, 2 , Qin SU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an 710049, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15
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构建开放式数字平台已成为工业企业实现数字化转型与生态化协同的关键路径,但如何通过平台开放性整合外部创新能力与内部业务系统仍缺乏系统研究。通过对5家率先构建开放式数字平台的工业企业进行纵贯式案例分析,揭示了开放式数字平台能力的构建路径与生态协同机制。研究发现:(1)开放式数字平台能力遵循“开放基础建设—生态协同扩展—价值共创迭代”三阶段演化路径,具有“连接—共生—进化”的进阶特征;(2)“数字—生态”能力通过“引入—协作—治理”三大策略,实现了“技术接口—资源网络—规则体系”的生态化协同,推动平台从工具性基础设施向创新生态中枢转型。研究揭示了开放式数字平台能力构建的动态规律,拓展了开放式数字平台与生态系统研究的交叉领域,为工业企业通过开放战略加速生态化转型提供了实践启示。

开放式数字平台  /  工业企业  /  生态协同  /  能力构建  /  数字化转型

Constructing open digital platforms is essential for industrial enterprises to achieve digital transformation and ecological synergy. However, systematic research on integrating external innovation capabilities with internal business systems through platform openness remains limited. This study employs a longitudinal case analysis of five pioneering industrial enterprises to elucidate the construction path and ecological synergy mechanisms of open digital platform capabilities. Findings reveal: (1) The construction of these capabilities follows a three-stage progression “open infrastructure—ecological synergy expansion—value co-creation iteration,” characterized by phases of “connection—symbiosis—evolution.” (2) “Digital-ecological” capabilities, facilitated by “introduction—collaboration—governance” strategies, achieve synergies across “technical interfaces—resource networks—rule systems,” transforming the platform from an instrumental infrastructure to an innovation ecosystem hub. This research reveals the dynamic laws of open digital platform capability construction, expands the intersection of open digital platform theory and ecosystem research, and provides actionable insights for industrial enterprises to accelerate ecological transformation through open strategies.

open digital platform  /  industrial enterprises  /  ecological synergy  /  capability construction  /  digital transformation
周嘉, 苏秦. 工业企业如何构建开放式数字平台能力——基于“数字—生态”协同视角. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1994 -2002 .
Jia ZHOU, Qin SU. How industrial enterprises can build open digital platform capabilities——From the perspective of “digital-ecological” synergy[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (9) : 1994 -2002 .
面对客户需求个性化、产品迭代高频化与产业链协同复杂化的多重挑战,构建开放式数字平台已成为工业企业重构竞争优势的关键路径[1]。这是因为,封闭式内部平台受限于技术资源边界与架构刚性,难以支撑跨域资源整合与生态协同创新,无法有效驱动多元主体共创价值。因此,工业企业亟需构建开放式数字平台以突破组织边界、激活生态价值[1,2]。此类平台通过标准化接口、模块化架构与共识性规则整合多元主体,形成“技术—资源—数据”协同网络。如西门子MindSphere共创平台、特斯拉开源创新生态。然而,现有研究多聚焦技术架构静态优化或单一治理模式[3,4],对开放式平台能力[5]系统性构建的动态过程探讨不足[4],尤其缺乏阶段演化分析[6,7]。
基于此,本研究聚焦“数字能力如何协同生态能力[8]构建开放式数字平台能力[9]”的核心问题,旨在揭示:(1)工业企业从封闭平台向开放式平台转型的演化路径;(2)技术、资源与规则要素在平台演进中的动态协同机制。通过对5家领先工业企业的纵贯式案例研究,系统阐释了开放式数字平台能力的动态构建规律[10],深化数字赋能与生态协同的融合机制研究,为工业企业平台化转型提供管理启示。
开放式数字平台能力指企业通过开放性技术架构与治理规则整合内外部资源、协调多元主体共创价值的能力[11]。其核心特征体现在标准化接口、参与者多样性及治理规则动态化[4-6]。对工业企业而言,这涉及工业互联网基础架构的构建[10],还需通过开发者生态培育[7]与治理机制创新[8],实现技术、资源与制度的协同,形成以平台为核心[12]的产业创新生态系统[13]。然而,既有研究存在三方面局限:本体论认识不清,对能力构成要素及其相互作用界定不清[9];动态演化视角缺位[14],多关注平台成熟期的静态能力[4],忽视从封闭系统向开放生态转型的动态规律[12];本土化响应薄弱,现有文献对中国工业企业面临的特殊情境缺乏针对性探讨[1]。因此,亟需立足本土情境,从动态能力视角深度剖析开放式数字平台能力的结构维度及其演化路径。
开放式数字平台能力的形成,本质上是数字能力[3]与生态能力[4]交互协同的结果。数字能力涵盖开放性技术架构建设[4]、数据互通性保障[10]及数字敏捷性[12];生态能力则包括异质性资源的动态匹配[7]、治理规则设计[8]及跨组织协调[13]。然而,目前的研究多聚焦技术架构静态优化[5]或单一治理规则设计[8],未能系统阐释不同生态规模与行业情境下的协同策略差异及其演进规律[13],尤其忽视了技术接口、资源网络与治理规则在平台演进中的动态协同适配机制。这造成两大研究缺口:微观层面动态适配性不足,缺乏对要素协同随生态演进而动态变化的规律认识[12];宏观层面跨层次整合缺位,没有形成系统性理论框架[13]。因此,亟需探索不同协同策略在行为特征及效果边界上的差异[1],深入揭示“数字—生态”能力的协同策略及其作用机理,阐明平台能力从基础连接向价值共创跃迁的具体路径。
采用纵贯式多案例研究方法,基于以下考量:(1)复杂现象解析需求:开放式数字平台能力的构建涉及技术、资源与规则的跨层次协同,案例研究能够深入追踪多主体互动的动态机制[15];(2)动态演化特征:纵贯式设计可捕捉企业从平台基础建设到生态价值共创的阶段性跃迁规律[16];(3)理论扩展性:多案例对比既能验证结论的稳健性,又能揭示行业异质性对协同策略的影响[17],利于提炼出全面系统的理论解释。
遵循理论抽样原则与复制逻辑,选取松江工业园区内的五家企业:上海仪电显示材料有限公司(简称“仪电显示”)、上海正泰电气股份有限公司(简称“正泰电气”)、上海超硅半导体有限公司(简称“超硅半导体”)、上海昊海生物科技股份有限公司(简称“昊海生物”)和上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司(简称“保隆科技”)。选择依据如下:(1)典型性与适配性。5家企业均为行业头部企业,代表性突出且数字化转型成效显著,能够反映在缺乏开放平台能力背景下,如何借助数字技术与生态变革构建开放式数字平台,并揭示其演化路径及作用机理。(2)案例多样性与覆盖度。案例覆盖电子信息、高端装备、生物医药、汽车零部件四大领域,兼顾传统产业升级与新兴技术驱动特征,确保研究结论具备跨行业的解释力与普适性。共性问题有助于验证平台能力构建的一般规律,而其差异则反映出技术特征与政策约束的不同影响。2024年5至8月期间,在松江经开区企业服务联盟和调研企业支持下,通过深度调研获取了案例企业数字化转型和生态协作的一手及二手资料,案例企业详情见表1。
遵循三角验证原则,通过多源数据的交叉对比确保数据的稳健性,见表2,包括:一手数据:围绕企业开放式数字平台建设与生态化能力等关键问题,向CTO、数字化总监等中高层人员展开半结构化访谈,并及时将访谈信息转录与核对,确保信息准确;二手数据:通过内部渠道了解企业具体情况,并结合外部公开资料验证结论的可靠性。
遵循Gioia等提出的结构化分析方法,采用三级编码流程对案例资料进行深度处理,见图1,并实施多项质量控制措施以确保研究严谨性。首先,组建两个独立编码小组进行背对背编码,通过专家评议实现交叉验证;其次,建立定期研讨机制,针对编码分歧开展多轮讨论直至达成共识;最后,采用溯因推理方法,通过"数据-理论"的迭代比对,不断修正初步发现,直至构建出理论饱和的解释框架。
开放式数字平台能力构建遵循“开放基础建设—生态协同扩展—价值共创迭代”三阶段演化路径(见图2)。各阶段通过“技术接口互联—资源网络重构—规则体系进化”的协同机制,推动企业从封闭系统向生态中枢转型,并呈现“连接—共生—进化”的阶段性特征。
开放基础设施作为开放式数字平台的技术基石,其核心作用体现在通过标准化接口实现系统互联互通,支撑知识和技术的流动与转移。开放基础设施提供了稳定安全的技术框架,支持跨系统数据交换与服务集成,提升了平台的兼容性与扩展性[18],增强第三方参与生态协作的能力。由此,不仅加速了技术要素的高效流动与配置,也为企业及其伙伴创造了协同发展的生态环境。
(1)核心策略:技术引入与知识移植
①API标准化和模块化封装
降低接入门槛,触发网络效应。仪电显示将液晶面板生产设备的运行参数模块化封装为RESTful API接口,同时屏蔽了镀膜工艺核心算法,使下游企业无需系统改造即可快速接入,接入效率提升65%,接入时间从4.2周缩短至1.5周。平台上线一年内,API调用量月均增长220%,接入供应商达38家。
解决设备异构性,提升协同效率。超硅半导体开发兼容SEMI E84、E87等行业标准的中间件,通过协议转换引擎实现光刻机、蚀刻机等设备间的数据互通,使园区内12家封装企业的设备集成成本降低近45%,订单响应速度提升30%。
保障数据安全与合规性。保隆科技部署轻量化边缘计算模块,对原始驾驶数据进行本地脱敏处理,剔除数据中的敏感信息(如GPS位置和车牌号),仅向云端传输结构化特征数据,违规访问尝试拦截率达100%,全面符合汽车数据法规的各项要求。
综上,API标准化与模块化封装通过技术解耦和接口统一提升了生态协同效率,同时构建了“开放可控”的知识保护屏障,为企业从封闭生产向生态化创新提供了可复用的技术路径。
②数据互通性架构设计
实现异构设备实时协同。正泰电气基于OPC UA协议构建工业数据中台,统一光伏逆变器、智能电表等200类异构设备的数据采集标准,并通过时序数据库与流式计算引擎实现设备状态秒级响应,显著提升了实时运维与决策能力。
确保敏感数据合规共享。保隆科技采用“边缘计算+云端协同”架构,在本地完成车载数据的智能处理与隐私剥离,提炼关键特征供云端分析,该分层处理模式是其满足数据合规性的核心技术保障。在特斯拉某车型的智能驾驶系统优化中,将路测数据从采集到合规共享的周期缩短至30天。
促进跨企业研发协同。昊海生物构建的“研发数据沙箱”,在保障数据安全的前提下,允许生态伙伴在隔离环境中分析经过脱敏处理的临床试验数据,借助权限分级机制,2023年联合6家高校与研发机构完成3项新药研发,协作周期缩短40%,实现零数据泄露。
(2)“数字-生态”协同机制
技术赋能路径。数字技术通过“数据互通性—模块化封装—安全协同”三阶路径重塑企业动态能力,推动多主体价值共创。案例表明:数据互通性破除信息孤岛:正泰电气基于OPC UA协议统一200类异构设备的数据格式,构建秒级响应数据中台,使微电网调度效率提升18%,年增收益230万元,体现了数据标准共通对资源流动的“润滑”作用;模块化封装激活知识复用:仪电显示将镀膜工艺核心算法封装为“故障预测微服务”,通过API接口开放调用,实现隐性知识显性化,推动企业动态能力跃迁[19];安全协同平衡隐私与价值:保隆科技通过“边缘计算+分级脱敏”架构,剔除车载终端敏感信息,日均处理1.2PB驾驶数据并降低存储成本60%,支撑特斯拉算法迭代速度提升3倍以上;昊海生物开发AI驱动的“虚拟临床试验系统”,通过数字技术实现5家跨国药企联合建模,在保障数据主权的前提下,使某眼科新药研发周期缩短45%,同时满足合规要求。
业务锚定路径。该路径通过“场景定义—技术适配—价值闭环”三阶段机制,驱动企业构建差异化生态竞争力。场景定义:业务需求驱动技术开放边界。仪电显示针对液晶面板镀膜良品率波动问题,开放设备运行参数的实时监控API,开发基于LSTM模型的“工艺偏差预警微服务”,使良品率提升12%,供应商工艺调试周期缩短65%。技术适配:业务特性塑造差异化协同策略。保隆科技基于智能驾驶数据的高时效性与强合规性要求,采用边缘计算优先架构及动态访问权限分级策略,在最短时限内为特斯拉提供了10万公里合规路测数据,并实现100%的违规拦截率。价值闭环:业务成果反哺技术迭代。仪电显示的供应商通过API反馈数据优化预测模型,形成“业务需求→技术开发→数据反馈→模型优化”闭环;昊海生物将合作伙伴开发的活性预测模型嵌入内部研发流程,使化合物筛选效率提升2倍,实现价值反哺。
(3)协同结果:平台基础能力输出
技术接口互联能力跃升。一方面,标准化接口与模块化封装大幅提升了接入效率,仪电显示的供应商接入时间从4.2周缩短至1.5周,正泰电气设备数据互通延迟从15秒降至0.8秒,实现秒级响应。另一方面,平台网络效应显现,5家企业累计接入生态伙伴超300家,API日均调用量突破50万次。
资源协同能力初步显现。一方面,资源动态配置效率显著提升,保隆科技通过“供应商能力图谱”实现紧急订单响应提速40%,闲置产能利用率提高28%;正泰电气数字能效优化方案推动园区微电网调度效率提升18%,年增收益230万元。另一方面,有效激活了长尾创新,仪电显示所合作中小企业贡献的解决方案占比从21%升至58%,如某传感器供应商基于仪电显示API开发镀膜自适应校准算法,使良品率再提升5%。
规则体系进化能力显现。一方面表现为自治机制初步形成:超硅半导体成立生态委员会制定19项自治标准,有效规范了成员行为,使纠纷仲裁量下降65%;另一方面表现为价值反哺闭环初现:仪电显示的第三方创新对核心业务收入贡献率超28%,昊海生物整合第三方手术机器人数据优化算法,显著提升了手术精度,相关技术授权收入年增1500万元。
技术接口互联阶段的“数字-生态”协同,推动企业形成平台基础能力,为后续生态协同扩展奠定基石。
传统工业企业受限于线性供应链的刚性约束,难以动态响应市场高频波动与碎片化需求。单纯的技术互联易导致“有连接无协同”的瓶颈,为此,企业需通过数字-生态协同重构资源网络,推动生态从“技术互联”向“价值共创”跃迁。
(1)核心策略:数字驱动的资源协作与动态匹配
互补性资源整合:算法优化与实时连接。通过数字技术构建“供应商能力图谱”,整合历史合作数据与产能信息,基于算法动态匹配订单需求与供应商产能。例如,保隆科技的某紧急订单要求72小时内交付10万套传感器,平台基于能力图谱自动筛选出3家优质供应商,准时率和良品率均超过95%,并通过数字孪生模拟产能分配方案,响应速度提升40%,闲置产能利用率提高28%。正泰电气则基于强化学习算法打造“光伏电站—储能设备—用电企业”数字资源池,结合数字孪生电网模型预测负荷波动,2023年园区微电网峰谷套利收益增加230万元。
收益共享机制创新:区块链与智能合约。昊海生物应用区块链智能合约管理全球多中心临床试验数据,在符合数据安全的前提下实现12国研究机构实时协作,将数据整合效率提升70%,显著加速了新药研发进程;仪电显示则推出“技术订阅制”,供应商按API调用量付费,并通过物联网数据反馈参与工艺优化分成,2023年,开放平台技术收入占其总收入的18%,中小供应商创新方案贡献达58%。
(2)“数字-生态”协作机制
资源共生网络。开放式数字平台通过“算法驱动+资源聚合”构建弹性协作网络。一方面,算法支撑供需匹配,保隆科技基于机器学习模型在芯片短缺危机中2小时内匹配东南亚替代供应商,避免损失500万元;正泰电气通过强化学习算法提升跨境绿电撮合效率。另一方面,跨域资源整合拓展平台价值,正泰电气构建“虚拟电厂”,整合分布式光伏、储能与柔性负荷,基于动态竞价算法参与电网调峰,年增收320万元。
敏捷响应机制。依托数据闭环与数字技术提升响应速度与风险防控能力。正泰电气基于工业数据中台秒级响应能力,在某光伏电站组件温度异常事件中,12秒内精准定位故障点(传统方式需3分钟以上),避免潜在损失超200万元;仪电显示则利用工业物联网监控供应商设备状态,在镀膜机故障时自动切换至备用产线,交货延迟率从15%降至4%,显著增强了供应链韧性。
(3)协同结果——平台资源网络重构能力
提升生态交易效率。一是订单响应与交付优化:保隆科技采用XGBoost算法实现供应商动态匹配,使紧急订单平均响应时间缩短一半,库存周转率提升35%,2023年因效率优化节省成本超1200万元。正泰电气强化学习算法优化能源调度,跨境绿电交易效率提高60%,年交易1.2亿千瓦时,占园区总用电量的18%。二是风险应对的敏捷性显著增强:昊海生物通过数据沙箱实时监测异常信号,大幅缩短风险处置时间;仪电显示通过物联网实时监控设备,某设备故障时10分钟内切换至备用产线,确保如期交货。
长尾创新的系统性激活。一方面,中小企业贡献跃升:保隆科技平台上,某中小传感器厂商基于开放驾驶数据开发“路面颠簸自适应滤波算法”,使特斯拉Model Y悬挂响应精度提升12%,获年度创新奖并进入核心供应链。仪电显示API生态吸引58家中小企业参与,其中某初创公司开发的“镀膜厚度校准算法”被多家企业调用,其技术订阅收入年增300万元。另一方面,科研与产业协同突破:昊海生物的数据沙箱支持科研团队训练“分子活性预测模型”,该模型被6家药企用于化合物筛选,商业转化收益超2000万元。
资源利用与可持续性优化。一方面盘活了闲置资源:保隆科技供应商网络中,闲置产能利用率从62%提升至90%,设备综合效率提高22%,年减少产能浪费价值约800万元。正泰电气通过虚拟电厂整合分布式光伏与储能系统,弃光率从8%降至2.3%,年减少碳排放逾4200吨。另一方面推动了循环经济实践:仪电显示通过数字平台实现生产废料回收再利用效率大幅提升,年节约原材料成本950万元。
本阶段聚焦通过共识治理与价值反哺机制,推动生态从“机械协作”向“有机进化”转型,实现可持续的价值共创。
(1)核心策略:共识治理与价值反哺
去中心化治理架构。超硅半导体牵头成立“长三角半导体生态委员会”,由核心企业、高校、中小企业和政府共同参与治理。通过区块链链上投票决议,推动晶圆缺陷数据开放范围从“部分字段”扩展至“全字段”,使良品率优化算法迭代速度提升3倍。2023年,委员会通过11项共识治理提案,带动纠纷仲裁量下降65%。昊海生物建立了“贡献度—话语权”联动机制,生态伙伴根据数据贡献量来获得治理投票权重,由此推动3项自治规则顺利落地。
智能合约驱动价值分配。正泰电气在能源管理平台嵌入区块链智能合约,实现“节能量—收益”分成的自动执行与贡献溯源[20]。仪电显示构建“专利反哺池”,第三方开发者的算法若被采纳,则依据API调用量通过智能合约自动获取收益,年累计分配超600万元。
(2)“数字—生态”协同机制
动态演化的治理规则。一是动态权重调整,超硅半导体采用“贡献度加权投票”替代“一企一票”,精准激励高质量参与者。二是弹性约束设计,昊海生物创新沙箱机制,在可控范围内允许临时性数据越权访问,有效平衡了安全与创新效率。
价值反哺循环。一是创新迭代循环,正泰电气将第三方开发的“光伏板积灰预测算法”嵌入智能电表,使清洗周期优化效率提升25%,并反向授权给开发者复用,形成“创新—应用—再创新”闭环。二是知识资产共享,保隆科技基于生态伙伴数据训练出通用感知模型,开源供中小开发者调用,吸引30家企业加入平台生态。
(3)协同结果—平台生态能力跃迁
数字技术赋能的规则体系进化,推动平台生态实现“自组织—创新—可持续”三重跃迁,具体成效如下:
生态自组织水平提升:从“他治”到“自治”。一是标准创新,构建多元共治机制。超硅半导体依托区块链链上投票通过《半导体缺陷数据共享规范》,明确数据开放范围与权限,良品率优化算法迭代速度提升3倍;昊海生物采用差分隐私技术制定《医疗数据脱敏指南》,经生态委员会共识确立,伦理争议事件减少90%。二是合作深化,生态稳定性增强。正泰电气能源管理平台续约率达91%,核心合作伙伴如宁德时代、国网江苏连续3年续签。三是数字技术支持,治理效率显著提升。超硅半导体采用区块链实现治理规则透明化,链式投票日志不可更改且能追溯;正泰电气通过智能合约大幅减少人为干预,纠纷处理效率提升80%。
第三方创新价值凸显:从“边缘参与”到“核心驱动”。一是收入贡献结构化。仪电显示第三方创新收入贡献高度结构化,技术订阅收入占比18%,算法调用分成等生态收益贡献超10%,共同构成其核心业务收入的28%以上;保隆科技数据服务收入占比10%,其驾驶场景数据库吸引30家自动驾驶企业采购,年营收增长45%。二是技术成果高效转化。超硅半导体联合上海交通大学开发“晶圆缺陷检测AI模型”,使产线良品率提升2.8%,年节省成本1500万元。三是数字技术赋能降低创新门槛。API开放与低代码工具的普及显著降低了第三方创新难度,超硅半导体通过区块链存证保障了企业的知识产权。
可持续性突破:从“效率优先”到“绿色共益”。一是低碳转型见效。正泰电气应用区块链智能合约实现光伏绿电溯源与核证,跨境碳减排认证效率提升70%,年增碳汇收益超180万元,年减碳逾3000吨;保隆科技基于物联网优化物流路径,使配送车辆空驶率大幅下降,年减少柴油消耗120万升。二是资源节约与规则兼顾。昊海生物遵循3R原则,通过数据共享减少了近1/3的动物实验样本量,利用虚拟筛选技术降低化合物合成次数,缩短研发周期;仪电显示通过数字平台回收玻璃基板边角料,再利用率从35%提升至78%,年节约原材料成本950万元,减少废料填埋4200吨。三是数字技术支撑绿色发展。正泰电气应用电网仿真模型等数字孪生技术提升能效;保隆科技发展边缘计算,优化车载终端能耗算法;昊海生物借助区块链追踪实验数据,提升生态可持续性。
本文提出的“开放基础建设—生态协同扩展—价值共创迭代”三阶段模型,系统揭示了开放式数字平台能力构建的动态规律(见图2)。该模型通过技术、资源、规则三要素的螺旋演进与动态适配,系统阐释了数字能力与生态协同的互构逻辑。
开放基础建设阶段,核心任务在于通过技术接口标准化与数据互通架构设计实现跨系统互联,为生态协同搭建“连接型”技术底座。标准化接口与数据互通架构是破除技术壁垒、降低接入成本的关键。体现了能力理论中“基础能力积累”的核心内涵[12]。模块化封装是实现“开放可控”平衡的核心策略,既促进隐性知识显性化又保护了核心利益,为后续生态协同与规则进化奠定了技术基础。
生态协同扩展阶段,企业重点转向资源整合与价值共享机制建设,以激活“共生型”资源网络。算法驱动的资源匹配与区块链赋能的透明化收益分配成为推动生态资源高效协同的关键策略。该阶段呼应生态系统理论中“互补性资源整合”原则[13],即通过技术工具与制度创新的协同,推动生态由“机械连接”迈向“有机共生”,验证了数字赋能与资源重构的协同效应。
价值共创迭代阶段,目标在于形成“进化型”规则体系,推动生态自组织与可持续发展。去中心化治理架构与智能合约驱动的价值反哺成为核心驱动力,这契合复杂适应系统理论中“自下而上涌现”的特征,即通过参与者共识形成规则体系以增强生态韧性。规则体系的动态进化不仅降低了协作摩擦,更通过“创新—应用—再创新”闭环激活生态的自我迭代能力,为制造业生态从“他治”向“自治”转型提供范式参考。
研究表明,开放式数字平台能力的构建依托“技术互联—资源重构—规则进化”三阶段的协同策略[21],驱动数字能力与生态能力实现“系统-网络-生态”协同,从而实现平台能力的螺旋进阶,见图2。与现有研究不同,本文从交互方式与关系演变视角揭示了协作策略的表征及机理,丰富了能力协同动态性及平台能力形成的理论研究,拓展了“数字-生态协同”情境下平台能力构建的理论边界。
技术接口互联阶段。以数字技术引入为核心,通过API标准化与数据互通架构设计,降低生态参与者门槛,实现跨系统的高效协同,从而形成平台基础能力。模块化封装技术在此发挥了关键作用,既实现隐性知识的显性输出,又规避了信息外泄风险。标准化接口显著缩短接入时间,数据响应效率达到秒级水平。该阶段的作用路径体现为“技术解耦—接口开放—核心保护”,为企业后续阶段奠定技术基础。
资源重构阶段。强调通过算法驱动的动态匹配与区块链赋能的收益共享激发长尾创新潜力,形成资源网络重构能力。实践中,数据闭环与算法优化提升了资源配置效率,智能合约则通过“链上存证—规则固化—自动执行”保障合作公平与效率。仪电的案例显示,中小企业贡献的解决方案由21%跃升至58%,表明生态协同能力显著增强。该阶段映射资源编排理论中“资源动态匹配与价值共创”的核心理念[22],即通过技术与制度创新的协同,企业不仅重构了资源拓扑结构,更通过“效率—公平—激励”平衡提升了生态价值,为工业企业从“封闭式资源独占”向“开放式生态共享”提供范式支持。
规则进化阶段。聚焦数字治理机制与价值反哺的协同,通过去中心化治理架构与智能合约反哺机制[23]推动生态自组织与可持续创新,实现平台生态能力的跃迁。共识机制降低协作摩擦,重构了信任基础;而价值反哺机制则通过智能合约将第三方创新成果嵌入核心业务流,形成“创新—应用—再创新”闭环,大幅提升了第三方创新对核心业务收入的贡献率。这一过程体现了复杂适应系统理论中“自组织涌现”的核心[23],即规则体系的动态进化增强了生态韧性,验证了“制度—技术”协同对生态可持续发展的支撑作用,为工业企业构建开放式创新生态提供了理论依据与实践路径。
工业企业构建开放式数字平台能力应遵循“分阶段发展、技术-制度协同[24]、政企联动、动态适应”的核心逻辑。首先,应分阶段推进能力跃迁:开放基础建设阶段聚焦接口标准化与模块化架构,达到技术开放与核心能力保护的平衡;生态协同扩展阶段通过算法驱动资源匹配与区块链支持价值分配以激活长尾创新;价值共创迭代阶段依托去中心化治理架构与智能合约反哺来推动生态自组织演化。其次,应构建“技术-生态”协同框架:运用区块链、AI等数字工具降低协作摩擦,采用动态规则适配[25]激发高质量参与;同时,建立透明收益共享机制增强生态凝聚力与创新活力。此外,应形成政企联动范式:政府引导共建治理标准并嵌入政策目标,企业则探索开放与安全可控的协同路径。最后,须强化动态适应能力:随生态发展灵活调整开放边界,并构建数据驱动的敏捷响应机制以应对复杂环境。上述策略通过技术赋能与生态创新的互动协同,推动企业从封闭制造向平台生态中枢转型,为构建可持续竞争优势提供系统支撑。
本研究基于特定区域的案例企业展开分析,结论的普适性可能受行业特性、区域政策及文化背景影响;此外,研究重点关注技术接口、资源网络与规则体系的协同机制,对技术实施风险及外部环境扰动的探讨尚不充分。未来研究可从三方面深化:一是开展跨区域、跨行业的比较研究,验证模型适用范围并寻找差异化路径;二是追踪开放式平台的长期演化规律,厘清技术迭代与生态间的适配机制[9];三是探索数字平台的可持续性悖论及治理策略,为工业生态化转型提供系统全面的理论支撑与实践启示。
  • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(22YJA630074)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72192834)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72192830)
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2026年第44卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-15
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20
  • 修回日期:2025-07-04
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(22YJA630074)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72192834)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72192830)
作者信息
    1 西安交通大学管理学院, 陕西西安 710049
    2 精密微纳制造技术全国重点实验室, 陕西西安 710049
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