Article(id=1316698357632979476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729094400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-17, revisedDate=1733932800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854951532, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854951532, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854951532, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854951532, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=141, endPage=153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316698357913997846, articleId=1316698357632979476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Technological specialization and the breakthrough in key core technologies of SRDI enterprises, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The intensified competition amidst the new round of technological changes and industrial revolutions has led to substantial advancements in the manufacturing industry. However, there is a notable dependency on imports in key core technology areas, such as next-generation information technology and biomedical industry, posing significant challenges. In response, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2022 made important strategic deployments, proposing to resolutely win the battle for mastering key core technologies. The unique and in-depth professional technology accumulated by enterprises in specific knowledge fields for a long time is the key driving force to promote the breakthrough of key core technologies. In this context, SRID enterprises, leveraging their professional expertise and deep cultivation in specific segments of the industrial chain, are crucial for breaking through key core technologies.

There is a consensus in literature on the importance of knowledge resources in driving breakthroughs in key core technologies. However, existing research primarily focus on exploring this through collaboration networks, lacking literature that examines the impact mechanism of a firm's internal knowledge base on key core technology breakthrough, especially empirical research on the degree of technological specialization among SRDI enterprises.

This study takes the new generation of information technology industry in the first five batches of listed small giant enterprises in China as the research object, and deeply explores the effect of technological specialization on the breakthrough of key core technologies, the mediating role played by knowledge search in this process, and the moderating role of knowledge integration capabilities. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technology specialization, knowledge search and key core technology breakthroughs. A firm's specialized knowledge base and externally searched heterogeneous knowledge provide a direct resource base for breakthrough innovations in key core technology fields. The moderating effect analysis shows that the inverted “U” shaped relationship between technology specialization and key core technology breakthroughs is mediated by knowledge search. Enterprises will conduct knowledge searches based on their own knowledge characteristics and, through continuous cooperation and exchanges with the outside world, provide more extensive or in-depth heterogeneous knowledge resources for breakthrough innovations in key core technology fields, thereby freeing enterprises from resource constraints. In addition, knowledge integration ability moderates the role of technology specialization and knowledge search on key core technology breakthroughs, respectively. High knowledge integration ability will alleviate the negative impact of over-specialization and over-search, and when it breaks through a certain threshold, it can completely offset the negative impact and further promote key core technology breakthroughs.

These findings hold significant importance for enterprises to facilitate knowledge search by deepening their own specialized knowledge, thereby promoting breakthroughs in key core technologies: (1) SRDI enterprises should deepen core technology research while exploring diversified technologies, forming dedicated teams and building a knowledge base to avoid the specialization trap. (2) SRDI enterprises should integrate internal and external resources by collaborating across sectors and deeply mining existing knowledge, utilizing advanced tools for systematic analysis and integration. (3) Constructing a knowledge sharing platform and nurturing a multidisciplinary team will enhance resource integration, facilitating efficient knowledge conversion and application.

This study emphasizes the complementary synergy between knowledge search and technology specialization, expands the research scope of key core technology breakthroughs at the micro level, and provides theoretical guidance and decision-making reference for enterprises to promote key core technology breakthroughs.

, authors=Hai-hua WANG, Qian-ru SUN, Li LIU, Yan-yan GONG, authorsList=Hai-hua WANG, Qian-ru SUN, Li LIU, Yan-yan GONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316698360883565087, articleId=1316698357632979476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=专精特新企业技术专业化与关键核心技术突破, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

企业在特定知识领域内长期积累形成的专业化技术,是推动关键核心技术突破的重要驱动力。本研究以我国前五批上市的专精特新小巨人企业中新一代信息技术产业为研究对象,深入探索技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的作用效应以及内在机制。研究发现,技术专业化、知识搜索分别与关键核心技术突破呈倒U型关系;知识搜索中介了技术专业化与关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系;高知识整合能力会缓解过度专业化以及过度搜索带来的负面影响,且当其突破某门槛时,可完全抵消负面影响。本研究强调了知识搜索与技术专业化之间的互补作用,拓展了关键核心技术突破的研究范畴,为企业推动关键核心技术突破提供参考。

, authors=王海花, 孙倩如, 刘黎, 龚燕燕, authorsList=王海花, 孙倩如, 刘黎, 龚燕燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘黎, authorNote=

王海花(1983-),女,教授,博士。

孙倩如(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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刘黎(2001-),女,硕士研究生, E-mail: 。
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王海花(1983-),女,教授,博士。

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孙倩如(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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Journal of Financial Economics, 2003, 69(1): 5-50., articleTitle=The great reversals: The politics of financial development in the twentieth century, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1316698366604595798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, awardId=21&ZD130, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD130), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1316698366667510359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, awardId=21FGLB024, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FGLB024), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316698361135223328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316698361143611937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, companyId=1316698361135223328, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316698361152000546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, companyId=1316698361135223328, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海大学管理学院, 上海 200444)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1316698362892636737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Theoretical model, figureFileSmall=Zo+uI9EIYEr8OpW1ZX5TuQ==, figureFileBig=4DkKTrn6SiK7C/5vu+s2Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698362963939906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=图1, caption=理论模型, figureFileSmall=Zo+uI9EIYEr8OpW1ZX5TuQ==, figureFileBig=4DkKTrn6SiK7C/5vu+s2Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363148489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Schematic diagram of the moderating effect between technological specialization and key core technology breakthrough, figureFileSmall=euWOEEwGXDpGUmbH48sRNA==, figureFileBig=Z2PHmijpMinC8mgSLtNJMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363215598148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=图2, caption=技术专业化与关键核心技术调节效应图, figureFileSmall=euWOEEwGXDpGUmbH48sRNA==, figureFileBig=Z2PHmijpMinC8mgSLtNJMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363291095621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Schematic diagram of the moderating effect between knowledge search and key core technology reakthrough, figureFileSmall=KQer9LLTKEVnz4pMTFaJ6A==, figureFileBig=bfYC/hQCE8Di75ImAUOi/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363349815878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=图3, caption=搜索深度与关键核心技术调节效应图, figureFileSmall=KQer9LLTKEVnz4pMTFaJ6A==, figureFileBig=bfYC/hQCE8Di75ImAUOi/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363421119047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Changes of moderating effect and inverted U-shaped curve, figureFileSmall=7o3a8AkxZjP9bGvSQhbEhw==, figureFileBig=b0LuAoPI7WOCdDcQS0WMUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698363492422216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=图4, caption=调节效应与倒U型曲线变化, figureFileSmall=7o3a8AkxZjP9bGvSQhbEhw==, figureFileBig=b0LuAoPI7WOCdDcQS0WMUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316698365119812170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Measurement of critical core technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征维度 测度指标 专利指标
核心技术基础性 科学关联度 非专利文献引用量
技术累积度 引用专利数量
权利要求 权力要求数量
核心技术体系性 社会价值 3年内被引用次数
合作范围 专利权人数量
核心技术竞争性 同族专利 同族成员数量
技术覆盖范围 跨部IPC分类号数量
), ArticleFig(id=1316698365249835595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

关键核心技术指标测度方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征维度 测度指标 专利指标
核心技术基础性 科学关联度 非专利文献引用量
技术累积度 引用专利数量
权利要求 权力要求数量
核心技术体系性 社会价值 3年内被引用次数
合作范围 专利权人数量
核心技术竞争性 同族专利 同族成员数量
技术覆盖范围 跨部IPC分类号数量
), ArticleFig(id=1316698365463745100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable definitions and measurements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量符号 变量名称 测量方法
被解释变量 CKTB 关键核心技术突破 关键核心技术得分的均值
解释变量 TS 技术专业化 见公式(1)(2)
中介变量 SB 搜索广度 见公式(3)
SD 搜索深度 见公式(4)
调节变量 KIC 知识整合能力 第t-5至t年间企业跨越IPC号前四位的专利类别数量
控制变量 Age 企业年龄 企业成立年限加1取自然对数
Size 企业规模 企业员工总数取自然对数
SOE 所有权性质 国有企业取值为1,其余为0
Top1 股权集中度 第一大股东持股数量/总股数
ROA 资产收益率 净利润/资产总额
Lev 财务杠杆 负债总额/资产总额
TobinQ 企业绩效 企业托宾Q值
), ArticleFig(id=1316698365681848909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量定义及测量方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量符号 变量名称 测量方法
被解释变量 CKTB 关键核心技术突破 关键核心技术得分的均值
解释变量 TS 技术专业化 见公式(1)(2)
中介变量 SB 搜索广度 见公式(3)
SD 搜索深度 见公式(4)
调节变量 KIC 知识整合能力 第t-5至t年间企业跨越IPC号前四位的专利类别数量
控制变量 Age 企业年龄 企业成立年限加1取自然对数
Size 企业规模 企业员工总数取自然对数
SOE 所有权性质 国有企业取值为1,其余为0
Top1 股权集中度 第一大股东持股数量/总股数
ROA 资产收益率 净利润/资产总额
Lev 财务杠杆 负债总额/资产总额
TobinQ 企业绩效 企业托宾Q值
), ArticleFig(id=1316698365753152078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Benchmark regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model1 model2 model3 model4 model5 model6 model7 model8 model9 model10
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB SB SD SB SD CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.070*** 0.047** 0.058*** 0.034** 0.039**
(3.35) (2.03) (3.50) (2.18) (2.22)
TS_sq -0.019*** -0.011** -0.011**
(-3.09) (-2.29) (-2.11)
SB 0.203*** 0.200***
(8.10) (8.29)
SB_sq -0.154*** -0.151***
(-7.60) (-7.82)
SD 0.082*** 0.074***
(3.81) (3.43)
SD_sq -0.032*** -0.029***
(-3.74) (-3.49)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.138*** 0.103** 0.244 0.096 0.236 0.086 0.102*** 0.144*** 0.084** 0.124***
(3.36) (2.47) (1.22) (0.76) (1.18) (0.70) (2.92) (3.83) (2.33) (3.08)
Observations 615 615 608 608 608 608 608 608 608 608
R-squared 0.254 0.298 0.140 0.064 0.147 0.088 0.411 0.276 0.420 0.288
F 1.920 3.000 1.314 1.546 1.567 2.553 8.470 3.385 7.473 3.474
), ArticleFig(id=1316698365832843855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model1 model2 model3 model4 model5 model6 model7 model8 model9 model10
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB SB SD SB SD CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.070*** 0.047** 0.058*** 0.034** 0.039**
(3.35) (2.03) (3.50) (2.18) (2.22)
TS_sq -0.019*** -0.011** -0.011**
(-3.09) (-2.29) (-2.11)
SB 0.203*** 0.200***
(8.10) (8.29)
SB_sq -0.154*** -0.151***
(-7.60) (-7.82)
SD 0.082*** 0.074***
(3.81) (3.43)
SD_sq -0.032*** -0.029***
(-3.74) (-3.49)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.138*** 0.103** 0.244 0.096 0.236 0.086 0.102*** 0.144*** 0.084** 0.124***
(3.36) (2.47) (1.22) (0.76) (1.18) (0.70) (2.92) (3.83) (2.33) (3.08)
Observations 615 615 608 608 608 608 608 608 608 608
R-squared 0.254 0.298 0.140 0.064 0.147 0.088 0.411 0.276 0.420 0.288
F 1.920 3.000 1.314 1.546 1.567 2.553 8.470 3.385 7.473 3.474
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366092890704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression models of the moderating effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model11 model12 model13 model14 model15 model16
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.009*** 0.005
(2.94) (1.46)
TS_sq -0.007*** -0.004*
(-3.09) (-1.93)
SB 0.006*** 0.005**
(2.71) (2.44)
SB_sq -0.012*** -0.012***
(-7.49) (-7.62)
SD 0.014*** 0.016***
(3.68) (4.13)
SD_sq -0.001*** -0.001***
(-3.64) (-3.60)
TS* KIC -0.005
(-1.40)
TS_sq * KIC 0.004*
(1.88)
SB* KIC -0.002
(-0.83)
SB_sq * KIC 0.003**
(2.60)
SD* KIC -0.009***
(-3.01)
SD_sq* KIC 0.001**
(2.56)
KIC 0.001 -0.000 0.001 -0.001 -0.004 0.001
(0.45) (-0.22) (0.29) (-0.26) (-1.43) (0.24)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.167*** 0.167*** 0.152*** 0.155*** 0.157*** 0.147***
(4.62) (4.97) (4.02) (4.30) (4.54) (3.96)
Observations 615 608 608 615 608 608
R-squared 0.298 0.411 0.276 0.306 0.423 0.288
F 2.784 7.583 3.028 2.939 7.531 5.135
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366180971089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

调节效应回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model11 model12 model13 model14 model15 model16
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.009*** 0.005
(2.94) (1.46)
TS_sq -0.007*** -0.004*
(-3.09) (-1.93)
SB 0.006*** 0.005**
(2.71) (2.44)
SB_sq -0.012*** -0.012***
(-7.49) (-7.62)
SD 0.014*** 0.016***
(3.68) (4.13)
SD_sq -0.001*** -0.001***
(-3.64) (-3.60)
TS* KIC -0.005
(-1.40)
TS_sq * KIC 0.004*
(1.88)
SB* KIC -0.002
(-0.83)
SB_sq * KIC 0.003**
(2.60)
SD* KIC -0.009***
(-3.01)
SD_sq* KIC 0.001**
(2.56)
KIC 0.001 -0.000 0.001 -0.001 -0.004 0.001
(0.45) (-0.22) (0.29) (-0.26) (-1.43) (0.24)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.167*** 0.167*** 0.152*** 0.155*** 0.157*** 0.147***
(4.62) (4.97) (4.02) (4.30) (4.54) (3.96)
Observations 615 608 608 615 608 608
R-squared 0.298 0.411 0.276 0.306 0.423 0.288
F 2.784 7.583 3.028 2.939 7.531 5.135
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366260662866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Robustness test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model17 model18 model19 model20 model21 model22 model23 model24 model25
VARIABLES F.CKTB F3.CKTB F5.CKTB CKTB_Top10 专利申请量 专利申请量 CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.087*** 0.041** 0.045** 3.097*** 0.842*** 1.833*** 0.071*** 1.423*** 0.073***
(3.86) (2.56) (2.08) (4.41) (7.36) (4.71) (3.38) (2.91) (3.60)
TS_sq -0.025*** -0.010** -0.011* -0.639*** -0.327*** -0.019*** -0.267* -0.021***
(-3.61) (-2.00) (-1.95) (-3.15) (-2.77) (-3.09) (-1.75) (-3.16)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.123*** 0.094** 0.147*** -2.984** 0.571 0.088 0.119*** -3.869* 0.114**
(2.71) (2.46) (3.06) (-2.42) (0.71) (0.10) (2.64) (-1.74) (2.05)
Observations 477 270 154 617 617 617 615 612 248
R-squared 0.325 0.355 0.279 0.294 0.404
F 3.728 5.182 1.645 . . . 2.623 . 4.534
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366352937555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

稳健性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model17 model18 model19 model20 model21 model22 model23 model24 model25
VARIABLES F.CKTB F3.CKTB F5.CKTB CKTB_Top10 专利申请量 专利申请量 CKTB CKTB CKTB
TS 0.087*** 0.041** 0.045** 3.097*** 0.842*** 1.833*** 0.071*** 1.423*** 0.073***
(3.86) (2.56) (2.08) (4.41) (7.36) (4.71) (3.38) (2.91) (3.60)
TS_sq -0.025*** -0.010** -0.011* -0.639*** -0.327*** -0.019*** -0.267* -0.021***
(-3.61) (-2.00) (-1.95) (-3.15) (-2.77) (-3.09) (-1.75) (-3.16)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Constant 0.123*** 0.094** 0.147*** -2.984** 0.571 0.088 0.119*** -3.869* 0.114**
(2.71) (2.46) (3.06) (-2.42) (0.71) (0.10) (2.64) (-1.74) (2.05)
Observations 477 270 154 617 617 617 615 612 248
R-squared 0.325 0.355 0.279 0.294 0.404
F 3.728 5.182 1.645 . . . 2.623 . 4.534
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366436823636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Endogeneity test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model26 model27
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB
L.CKTB 0.150
(1.47)
L2.CKTB 0.205**
(2.59)
TS 0.070*** 0.069***
(3.65) (3.48)
TS_sq -0.020*** -0.018***
(-3.46) (-3.21)
控制变量 Yes Yes
Constant 0.078* 0.053
(1.68) (1.21)
Observations 480 362
R-squared 0.336 0.368
F 3.452 4.497
), ArticleFig(id=1316698366508126805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316698357632979476, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

内生性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
model26 model27
VARIABLES CKTB CKTB
L.CKTB 0.150
(1.47)
L2.CKTB 0.205**
(2.59)
TS 0.070*** 0.069***
(3.65) (3.48)
TS_sq -0.020*** -0.018***
(-3.46) (-3.21)
控制变量 Yes Yes
Constant 0.078* 0.053
(1.68) (1.21)
Observations 480 362
R-squared 0.336 0.368
F 3.452 4.497
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专精特新企业技术专业化与关键核心技术突破
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王海花 , 孙倩如 , 刘黎 , 龚燕燕
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(1): 141-153
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (1) : 141 -153
专精特新企业技术专业化与关键核心技术突破
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孙倩如(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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孙倩如(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

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龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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王海花, 孙倩如, 刘黎 , 龚燕燕
作者信息
  • 上海大学管理学院, 上海 200444
通讯作者:
刘黎(2001-),女,硕士研究生, E-mail: 。
作者简介:

王海花(1983-),女,教授,博士。

孙倩如(2002-),女,硕士研究生。

龚燕燕(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

Technological specialization and the breakthrough in key core technologies of SRDI enterprises
Hai-hua WANG, Qian-ru SUN, Li LIU , Yan-yan GONG
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15
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企业在特定知识领域内长期积累形成的专业化技术,是推动关键核心技术突破的重要驱动力。本研究以我国前五批上市的专精特新小巨人企业中新一代信息技术产业为研究对象,深入探索技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的作用效应以及内在机制。研究发现,技术专业化、知识搜索分别与关键核心技术突破呈倒U型关系;知识搜索中介了技术专业化与关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系;高知识整合能力会缓解过度专业化以及过度搜索带来的负面影响,且当其突破某门槛时,可完全抵消负面影响。本研究强调了知识搜索与技术专业化之间的互补作用,拓展了关键核心技术突破的研究范畴,为企业推动关键核心技术突破提供参考。

关键核心技术突破  /  技术专业化  /  知识搜索  /  知识整合能力  /  专精特新

The intensified competition amidst the new round of technological changes and industrial revolutions has led to substantial advancements in the manufacturing industry. However, there is a notable dependency on imports in key core technology areas, such as next-generation information technology and biomedical industry, posing significant challenges. In response, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2022 made important strategic deployments, proposing to resolutely win the battle for mastering key core technologies. The unique and in-depth professional technology accumulated by enterprises in specific knowledge fields for a long time is the key driving force to promote the breakthrough of key core technologies. In this context, SRID enterprises, leveraging their professional expertise and deep cultivation in specific segments of the industrial chain, are crucial for breaking through key core technologies.

There is a consensus in literature on the importance of knowledge resources in driving breakthroughs in key core technologies. However, existing research primarily focus on exploring this through collaboration networks, lacking literature that examines the impact mechanism of a firm's internal knowledge base on key core technology breakthrough, especially empirical research on the degree of technological specialization among SRDI enterprises.

This study takes the new generation of information technology industry in the first five batches of listed small giant enterprises in China as the research object, and deeply explores the effect of technological specialization on the breakthrough of key core technologies, the mediating role played by knowledge search in this process, and the moderating role of knowledge integration capabilities. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technology specialization, knowledge search and key core technology breakthroughs. A firm's specialized knowledge base and externally searched heterogeneous knowledge provide a direct resource base for breakthrough innovations in key core technology fields. The moderating effect analysis shows that the inverted “U” shaped relationship between technology specialization and key core technology breakthroughs is mediated by knowledge search. Enterprises will conduct knowledge searches based on their own knowledge characteristics and, through continuous cooperation and exchanges with the outside world, provide more extensive or in-depth heterogeneous knowledge resources for breakthrough innovations in key core technology fields, thereby freeing enterprises from resource constraints. In addition, knowledge integration ability moderates the role of technology specialization and knowledge search on key core technology breakthroughs, respectively. High knowledge integration ability will alleviate the negative impact of over-specialization and over-search, and when it breaks through a certain threshold, it can completely offset the negative impact and further promote key core technology breakthroughs.

These findings hold significant importance for enterprises to facilitate knowledge search by deepening their own specialized knowledge, thereby promoting breakthroughs in key core technologies: (1) SRDI enterprises should deepen core technology research while exploring diversified technologies, forming dedicated teams and building a knowledge base to avoid the specialization trap. (2) SRDI enterprises should integrate internal and external resources by collaborating across sectors and deeply mining existing knowledge, utilizing advanced tools for systematic analysis and integration. (3) Constructing a knowledge sharing platform and nurturing a multidisciplinary team will enhance resource integration, facilitating efficient knowledge conversion and application.

This study emphasizes the complementary synergy between knowledge search and technology specialization, expands the research scope of key core technology breakthroughs at the micro level, and provides theoretical guidance and decision-making reference for enterprises to promote key core technology breakthroughs.

key core technology breakthrough  /  technological specialization  /  knowledge search  /  knowledge integration ability  /  SRDI
王海花, 孙倩如, 刘黎, 龚燕燕. 专精特新企业技术专业化与关键核心技术突破. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (1) : 141 -153 .
Hai-hua WANG, Qian-ru SUN, Li LIU, Yan-yan GONG. Technological specialization and the breakthrough in key core technologies of SRDI enterprises[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (1) : 141 -153 .
当前,全球科技革命和产业变革加速演进、竞争日益激烈,其中,关键核心技术的突破已成为推动产业升级、实现经济高质量发展的重要引擎。然而,我国在医疗器械、集成电路、核心工业软件等重点领域仍依赖进口,关键核心技术“卡脖子”现象凸显[1]。尽管技术多元化能够为关键核心技术的突破提供节点支持和丰富的外部资源[2]。但鉴于此类技术的高度复杂性和集成性等特点[3],仅依赖多元化知识难以满足实现关键核心技术突破所需的深层次技术需求。在此背景下,通过深耕特定技术领域,提高技术专业化水平,形成深厚的专业知识储备,培育专精特新企业,成为推动关键核心技术突破的一个有效途径。
当前关于关键核心技术突破的研究主要聚焦于组织间合作视角,如从合作模式[4]出发,通过合理实施产学研融合管理策略[5],以创新生态系统为载体[6],组织跨领域跨学科的协同攻关,助力关键核心技术突破;或研究合作网络的嵌入程度[3]、网络成员技术多元化[2]等对关键核心技术突破的影响。鲜有文献从企业自身资源视角出发,分析技术的专业化程度对关键核心技术突破的影响。同时,作为国家安全和产业发展的核心驱动力,关键核心技术具有研发投入高、迭代周期长和应用领域广泛等特征[7,8]。这些技术的突破不仅源于内部知识的创造,亦涉及外部知识的吸收与融合[9]。因此,有必要将外部知识资源与内部知识生产相结合,探究关键核心技术突破的内在机制。
外部知识搜索作为突破组织边界的有效手段,是不断获取异质性知识资源,摆脱资源掣肘的重要方式。有研究发现,高技术专业化所积淀的深厚知识根基,会深刻影响企业对现有知识的认知框架,进而驱动企业采取知识探索策略以寻求并吸纳新知识[10]。但是企业内部知识资源能否驱动外部知识搜索,进而促进关键核心技术突破尚待验证。此外,经济中出现的新奇事物源于资源的重新整合[11]。不同知识整合能力情况下,企业调动资源的能力将会影响知识集成效果和创新产出。因此,需要引入知识整合能力,深入剖析技术专业化推动企业实现关键核心技术突破的内在逻辑。
专精特新企业凭借自身专业化知识在产业链细分领域精耕细作,成为实现关键核心技术突破的核心力量[12]。因此,本研究以专精特新企业为例,理论探讨并实证检验技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的影响机制,并从内外结合的角度拓展知识与创新关系的边界条件,以及知识整合能力的影响。
关键核心技术突破的底层逻辑是对资源的获取、整合以及配置[7],其核心在于知识的集成与应用。高度的技术专业化体现了企业在特定知识领域内长期积累的成果。这要求企业专注于某一技术领域,通过不断的学习和实践,形成对该领域独特而深入的认识,从而在技术上达到较高的专业水平和竞争力[13],是知识深度的外化体现。技术专业化的提高,一方面反映了企业特定领域知识积累与理解,使其能更精准地界定技术边界并洞察潜在创新点[14]。这促使企业集中资源于关键技术研发,减少浪费,降低创新过程中的不确定性,进而增加在关键技术领域取得突破的可能性[15]。另一方面,技术专业化程度高的企业凭借丰富的专业知识和经验,能够迅速理解并应用新技术动态,实现高效的知识迁移和应用[16],从而加速技术迭代和优化。这种高效和灵活的研发模式,为关键核心技术突破提供了有力支撑。
然而,过度的技术专业化可能导致知识元素间组合潜力变小,难以实现新的重组。首先,知识深度不断增加可能导致同一领域知识的重复使用,耗尽潜在的知识组合机会,进而引发技术僵化,阻碍后续知识的创造和关键核心技术突破[17]。其次,过度专注于某一技术领域会忽视其他领域的先进技术发展[13]。当市场需求变动时,这种高度专业化使企业难以迅速适应并捕捉新机遇,进而错失跨领域技术融合带来的技术突破机会[9]。因此,提出假设:
H1:技术专业化对关键核心技术突破呈现倒U型影响。
(1)技术专业化与知识搜索
高度的技术专业化使企业在特定技术领域拥有深厚且独特的知识资源,这些知识资源由于难以被其他组织获取和模仿,从而帮助企业构建可持续的竞争优势。有研究表明,基于核心竞争优势,企业能更有效地搜索外部新技术知识[18]。根据知识搜索策略的开放性,知识搜索可分为搜索广度和搜索深度[19]。
就搜索广度而言,技术专业化的提升使企业能够更敏锐地洞察行业关键技术差距,明确自身对外部知识的需求[20]。这种精准定位促使企业积极寻求多元化的知识来源,以获取新知识。同时,高度的技术专业化增强了企业的吸收能力[21],降低获取新知识的成本,从而实现资源有限下的知识获取最大化,进一步增加了知识搜索广度。就搜索深度而言,技术专业化的增加使企业专注于某一特定技术领域,避免了资源的分散[18]。这种专注不仅加深了企业对该领域知识的理解和掌握,还提升了知识搜索的效率[22]。企业得以更快速、准确地识别出具有潜在价值的知识,从而提升知识搜索深度。因此,提出假设:
H2a:技术专业化正向影响知识搜索广度。
H2b:技术专业化正向影响知识搜索深度。
(2)知识搜索与关键核心技术突破
知识搜索是企业在面对问题时采取的一种知识获取策略,通过整合、配置和创造知识推动企业创新[20]。就搜索广度而言,其带来的异质性知识,既有助于企业缓解知识不足和同质化的问题,增强发现市场机会的能力[23],为企业创造更多的创新机会;又能增加更多有价值的知识组合,助力企业跨越固有知识边界,进入新的技术领域,从而为关键核心技术突破奠定基础[24]。
然而,过度的知识搜索广度也会带来负向影响。首先,企业吸收能力有限,与过多技术领域的合作会降低其创造和整合知识的能力[25],导致外部知识的边际效益递减。其次,广泛的知识搜索可能使企业面临“注意力分配问题”。管理者的注意力分散到多个知识来源,聚焦程度不够,有潜力的想法得不到充分探索和实施。所以,过高的搜索广度可能会削弱对关键核心技术突破所需要的专注性。因此,提出假设:
H3a:知识搜索广度对关键核心技术突破呈现倒U型影响。
就搜索深度而言,首先,知识搜索深度使企业能深度挖掘与其技术基础相关的知识,加强其对知识本质和价值的理解[26],从而有助于企业提高学习深度,促进增量创新。其次,深度搜索可以将离散的知识汇总成一个特定的创新框架,以有效地识别相关知识元素,促进知识重组,进而加速从知识到技术的转变,减少创新的不确定性[27]。最后,知识搜索深度高的企业能够加强与外部知识源的合作,以实现关键核心技术创新。
然而,过度深度搜索可能导致企业对特定知识的过度依赖,产生“路径锁定”。在面对快速的环境和技术变化时,更容易遭遇失败。此外,过度依赖知识搜索深度会限制企业产生替代想法和对新机会的开放态度[19],从而阻碍关键核心技术的突破。因此,提出假设:
H3b:知识搜索深度对关键核心技术突破呈现倒U型影响。
(3)知识搜索的中介作用
结合H2和H3的逻辑,可以发现技术专业化通过促进企业知识搜索行为来影响关键核心技术突破。高技术专业化拥有的深厚知识基础会从根本上塑造企业对现有知识资源的认知[10],从而促使企业通过知识搜索行为获取新知识。知识搜索通过将组织外部的知识吸收和内化,决定了组织开展创造性活动所拥有的知识资源水平,影响了关键核心技术突破[28]。具体而言,通过深厚的专业知识,企业能够更详细地了解其专业领域的知识差距,使得企业不断对多样化的知识来源进行更深入挖掘和开发。在这一过程中,企业加强了对知识本质和价值的理解,并增加了现有技术的新组合,形成关键核心技术突破的正反馈循环。因此,提出假设:
H4a:知识搜索广度在技术专业化与关键核心技术突破中间起中介作用。
H4b:知识搜索深度在技术专业化与关键核心技术突破中间起中介作用。
知识整合能力能够有效地改变知识元素间的连接关系,甚至创造出全新的知识组合,进而获得新知识。Cheng等[29]研究表明,突破性创新并非知识的简单堆砌,而需要深层次的知识整合。因此,理解企业内外部知识对关键核心技术突破的影响作用,必须充分考虑知识整合能力的调节效应。
首先,企业在基于专业化知识进行关键核心技术突破的过程中,知识整合能力的提升促进了团队内部成员对所需知识资源的共同理解[30]。随着理解的加深,企业不仅能够更有效地吸收和处理专业化知识,还能显著提高新技术的开发效率。这使得企业能够更准确地识别知识元素之间的潜在组合关系[31]。在技术发展的初期阶段,这种能力能够强化技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的正向影响。当技术达到一定的成熟阶段时,企业的知识整合能力则可以减弱路径依赖,缓解技术专业化过高可能带来的抑制作用。因此,提出假设:
H5:知识整合能力使技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系变缓。
其次,利用搜索的外部知识元素进行关键核心技术突破时,需要对跨界搜索获取的知识资源进行整合,知识整合能力高的企业更能从中获益[30]。
企业进行的搜索广度越大,触及的知识元素类型就越丰富,这为企业提供了更多的知识重组可能性[32]。若企业具有较高的知识整合能力,搜索广度与知识整合能力的协同作用有利于突破组织内部知识结构的同质性,识别、捕捉和创造更多的创新机会[33],最终推动关键核心技术的突破。然而,随着企业间在知识禀赋、结构和认知方面差异的扩大,理解和吸收这些异质性知识的难度也随之增加[16],进而可能引发信息过载的风险。此时,知识整合能力高的企业不仅能更敏锐地捕捉到多元化知识元素之间的潜在关联[34],而且能通过有效的知识整合,显著提升对异质性知识的理解深度和吸收效率[31]。这一过程不仅促进了内部知识的流通和利用,更为不同技术领域之间的知识交叉融合提供了广阔的平台[34],有效缓解了信息过载现象和知识重组过程中规模不经济等问题对关键核心技术突破的抑制作用。因此,提出假设:
H6a:知识整合能力使搜索广度对关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系变缓。
企业进行的知识搜索深度越深,表明新增知识元素与当前技术领域相关性越高,但过深则会限制企业接触新领域知识的机会,从而限制其知识创新的范围。而当企业知识整合能力强时,这一困境能够得到缓解。具体而言,更高的搜索深度意味着新增知识元素通常属于同一科学范畴下的相关技术领域[35]。共享科学原则或重组规律使高知识整合能力的企业能精准识别知识元素关系,深化新知识与原有知识的组合[33],降低协调与整合成本[34]。这种高效的整合不仅能够提升重组效率[35],还可以激发企业创新思维,增加技术机会,提高突破性创新效率[34]。这有助于缓解因搜索深度过度对关键核心技术突破的抑制作用。因此,提出假设:
H6b:知识整合能力使搜索深度对关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系变缓。
为了验证假设,本研究从我国公布的前五批1738家上市的专精特新小巨人企业中,依据主营业务筛选出183家新一代信息技术企业作为研究样本。原因如下:首先,小巨人企业因其在特定领域拥有深厚的专业知识和技能,成为专精特新企业中的佼佼者,能够更好地满足市场需求,实现关键核心技术的突破。同时,新一代信息技术产业作为附加值高、联动性强、创新性突出的战略新兴产业,代表新一轮科技革命和产业变革的方向,是加快形成新质生产力以及实现关键核心技术突破的依托力量①(① 中国政府网.习近平:发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点[EB/OL]. http://hntb.mofcom.gov.cn/article/shangwxw/202406/20240603515782.shtml。2024-6-11/2024-10-11.)。
本文原始数据进行以下处理:首先删除ST和ST*样本;其次,删除变量中数据异常或缺失的样本;最后,对连续变量进行1%缩尾处理。考虑到企业关键核心技术突破的长期性,本研究基于5年滚动窗口(t-5年至t年)构建企业知识库[3]。最终保留得到157家企业,共663个非平衡面板数据。
专精特新“小巨人”企业名单来源于WIND数据库,企业专利数据来自智慧芽专利数据库,企业主营业务信息通过企查查及新浪财经综合判断,其余控制变量来源于国泰安数据库。
(1)被解释变量
参考已有研究[3,36],本文基于核心技术的基础性、体系性以及竞争性三个特征维度构建如表1所示指标体系。具体操作如下:首先,通过熵权法计算各指标权重以及专利的指标综合得分。其次,为了消除企业规模对评估结果的影响,选择企业所有专利指标得分的平均值作为评估依据,真实反映各企业在核心技术领域的创新能力和突破水平②(② 鉴于关键核心技术研发强创新性特征,本研究使用发明申请专利作为企业关键核心技术突破的测度来源。)。
(2)解释变量
参考已有研究[37],将技术集中度作为技术专业化的代理指标。其中,IPC分类号的前四位共同定义了一个专利所属的技术类别。本文以企业i在第t年之前的5年内申请的发明专利数量为基础,根据其技术类别将其划分为n个技术小类。并计算企业在t-5至t年之间n个技术小类各自占总专利申请数量的比例,如公式(1)所示。其中,Nm为研发者在m小类上申请的发明专利数。接着,计算n个比值的变异系数,即技术的集中程度,如公式(2)所示。
$\mathit{P}\mathit{r}{\mathit{o}}_{\mathit{m}}={\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{m}}/{\sum }_{\mathit{m}=1}^{\mathit{n}}{\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{m}}$
$\mathit{T}{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}={\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{n}}/{\mathit{\mu }}_{\mathit{n}}$
(3)中介变量
参考已有研究[38],用企业当年对新知识的引用率来衡量搜索广度,用企业对专利的平均重复引用次数来衡量搜索深度,具体如公式(3)(4)所示。
$\mathit{K}\mathit{n}\mathit{o}\mathit{w}\mathit{l}\mathit{e}\mathit{d}\mathit{g}\mathit{e}\mathit{B}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{a}\mathit{d}\mathit{t}{\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}=\frac{\mathit{n}\mathit{e}\mathit{w}\mathit{c}\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{a}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}{\mathit{s}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}}{\mathit{t}\mathit{o}\mathit{t}\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{c}\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{a}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}{\mathit{s}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}}$
$\mathit{K}\mathit{n}\mathit{o}\mathit{w}\mathit{l}\mathit{e}\mathit{d}\mathit{g}\mathit{e}\mathit{D}\mathit{e}\mathit{p}\mathit{t}{\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}=\frac{{\sum }_{\mathit{y}=\mathit{t}-5}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{p}\mathit{e}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}\mathit{o}\mathit{u}\mathit{n}{\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}}{\mathit{t}\mathit{o}\mathit{t}\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{c}\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{a}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}{\mathit{s}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}}$
(4)调节变量
参考Ning和Guo[39],将第t-5至t年间企业跨越IPC分类号前四位的专利数量作为知识整合能力的测度依据。
(5)控制变量
企业的关键核心技术突破可能还会受到其他因素影响,参照已有研究[11],本研究引入以下控制变量:企业年龄、企业规模、企业所有权性质、股权集中度、资产收益率、财务杠杆企业绩效和行业集中度,并加入年份和地区虚拟变量以控制年度和地区固定效应。变量的具体定义及测量详见表2。
首先,对变量进行了描述性统计和相关性分析③(③ 由于篇幅限制,具体数据详见附件。)。从中可以看出,尽管样本均是专注于某一领域的专精特新企业,但在技术专业化上的战略布局仍然存在一定的差异和侧重。同时,关键变量间的相关系数不高于0.5,VIF值均小于2,变量间不存在严重的多重共线性,可以进行下一步的假设检验。
基准回归结果如表3所示。模型2显示,企业技术专业化程度二次项系数为负,且通过了两端斜率陡峭程度以及拐点位置的检验,验证了技术专业化程度与关键核心技术突破之间的倒U型关系(H1)。模型5和6分别表明,技术专业化显著正向影响搜索广度(H2a)和搜索深度(H2b)。模型7和8中,搜索广度和深度的二次项系数均显著为负,分别支持了两者与关键核心技术突破间的倒U型关系,H3a和H3b得到验证。
在模型9放入技术专业化,搜索广度的二次项系数仍然为负。此外,与模型7相比,模型9中技术专业化的平方项系数绝对值减小,说明搜索广度在技术专业化与关键核心技术突破之间发挥显著的中介效应,H4a得到验证。同样,对比模型10与模型8,可以发现搜索深度在技术专业化与关键核心技术突破之间也发挥显著的中介效应,H4b得到验证。
调节效应回归结果如表4所示。根据Haans等人[40]的研究,依次检验曲线形状的变化以及拐点的移动。首先,在模型14中,技术专业化平方项与知识整合能力的交互项系数显著为正。这说明知识整合能力的提高可以使倒U型斜率的绝对值变小,即曲线变扁平,H5得到验证。
其次,通过计算得出相关系数拐点平移判别式小于0,表明知识整合能力使技术专业化与关键核心技术突破的倒U形曲线拐点左移。这反映了企业的知识整合能力虽能助力挖掘同一知识领域内元素间的潜在关系,但在向关键核心技术突破的过程中,也可能使企业更早陷入“能力陷阱”。具体而言,知识整合能力的提升需要企业投入大量的时间和成本,这可能限制知识搜索,使其过度依赖于现有的知识框架和思维模式[34],从而阻碍了技术的跨越式发展。
图2直观反映了知识整合能力的调节作用。在拐点的左侧,高水平的知识整合能力可以加强技术专业化对关键核心技术突破的促进作用。而在拐点的右侧,则可以延缓关键核心技术突破的下降趋势。这支持了H5。
同样地,在模型15中,搜索广度平方项与知识整合能力的交互项系数显著为正,使倒U形关系变得平坦,H6a得到验证。相关系数拐点平移判别式小于0,表明知识整合能力的调节作用使曲线拐点左移,即在较低水平的搜索广度下即可达到最优技术突破点。模型16显示搜索深度平方项与知识整合能力交互项系数也显著为正,验证了H6b。但此时拐点平移判别式大于0,意味着在知识整合能力的调节下,搜索深度与关键核心技术突破之间的倒U形曲线拐点向右平移,图3进一步佐证了研究结论。这可能是由于凭借高水平的知识整合能力,企业能够更高效地处理和吸收知识。在相同的技术专业化水平下,这种能力有助于缓解因过度搜索同类型专业化知识而引发的信息过载和知识同质化问题,从而提升了所能达到的最优技术专业化水平的上限。
Hans等指出,对于倒U型曲线的调节效应,还应关注曲线形状的变化[40]。前面的分析发现,随着知识整合能力的增强,技术专业化、知识搜索与关键核心技术突破的倒U型关系逐渐平缓。当知识整合能力到达临界点时,关系转为线性;继续增强则呈现U型关系。根据表4模型14-16回归结果,结合二次函数性质分析发现,技术专业化及知识搜索对关键核心技术突破的倒U型变化的临界点,均处于知识整合能力取值范围内。这表明,随着知识整合能力的持续增强和突破阈值,倒U型曲线的右侧拐点侧呈现出新的U型关系。即高水平的知识整合能力可以将技术专业化和知识搜索对关键核心技术突破的抑制作用修正为正向促进作用。图4展示了调节变量知识整合能力如何翻转曲线。
为了进一步检验结果的稳健性,首先,将解释变量滞后1年、3年和5年,回归结果如表5中模型17-模型19,结果基本保持不变。这也反映技术专业化的战略布局产生的影响将会持续作用于关键核心技术突破。
其次,替换因变量的衡量方式(模型20),将每年关键核心技术指标排名前10%的专利视为关键核心技术专利,并统计其数量来衡量企业技术突破水平。采用负二项模型进行估计,结果与假设保持一致。
第三,为测量技术专业化对所有专利的敏感性,用专利申请总量代替关键核心技术突破(模型21和模型22),结果与假设保持一致。这说明,过度专业化不仅阻碍关键核心技术突破,而且会抑制企业整体创新水平的提升。
第四,替换控制变量衡量方式(模型23),包括用前十大股东持股比例替代第一大股东持股比率衡量股权集中度;以净利润除以总资产平均余额代表资产收益率,估计基本保持不变。
第五,替换回归模型(模型24),为了进一步确定结果的稳健性,将被解释变量变为企业当年是否有关键核心专利,采用probit模型检验技术专业化的非线性效应,结果依旧稳健。
第六,缩小样本量。考虑疫情可能对结果产生的影响,剔除疫情之后2020-2023年的数据,重新对模型进行估计(模型25)。与假设一致,子样本未偏离主要结果。
最后,采用工具变量方法检验文中可能因互为因果存在的内生性问题。参考Rajan和Zingales[41]研究思路,当工具变量难以寻求时,可用滞后被解释变量作为工具变量。据此,本研究分别将关键核心技术突破滞后1年和2年作为工具变量,结果如表6所示。结果表明,加入工具变量后,技术专业化的主效应依旧显著。
首先,适度的技术专业化有助于企业在关键核心技术领域实现突破性创新,其专业化的知识储备为突破性创新提供直接的资源基础,过度的技术专业化则会减弱这种促进作用。这从企业自身的知识资源视角探究关键核心技术突破的作用机制,拓展了相关领域的研究视野。
其次,知识搜索在技术专业化与关键核心技术突破之间发挥中介作用。企业掌握一定专业化知识后,会依据自身知识特征进行搜索,通过合作交流获取广泛或深入的异质性资源,摆脱资源限制,推动关键核心技术领域的突破性创新。本研究强调了企业的突破性创新是由内部知识元素重组与外部异质性知识资源的互动共同驱动的,这从内外结合的角度进一步拓展了关键核心技术突破的研究范畴。
此外,企业的最佳技术专业化水平受知识整合能力影响。高水平的知识整合能力不仅能强化技术专业化与知识搜索对关键核心技术突破的正面效应,还能减轻过度专业化或知识搜索的负面影响。当知识整合能力达到某一阈值,甚至能完全抵消这些负面影响,打破知识路径依赖和“能力陷阱”,促进关键核心技术突破。
第一,深化核心技术研发并探索多元化技术,以实现专精特新企业的“Y”型成长。为此,需成立专项研究团队,明确技术瓶颈与突破方向,集中优势资源精准施策;并建立专业知识库,鼓励内部交流,提升团队在特定领域的专业素养和实践能力。同时,积极参加行业展会、技术论坛等活动,或与具有互补优势的企业建立战略联盟,避免“专业化陷阱”。
第二,融合内外资源,多样化搜寻外部知识并深度挖掘现有知识。一方面,企业应积极进行跨领域合作与交流,联合企业、高校和科研机构等多方力量,拓展知识来源,形成多元化的信息获取渠道。另一方面,利用大数据和人工智能等工具,对已有知识进行系统分析与挖掘,促进知识的深度融合。
第三,构建知识共享平台,并着力培养一批跨学科的桥接科学家团队。首先,通过共享平台和在线工具集中管理知识,增强知识可访问性和利用率。其次,培养一批兼具学术背景与企业实践经验的团队,以敏锐识别并整合内外知识资源,推动知识高效转化与应用。
本研究还存在以下局限性,未来可进一步完善:(1)样本目前仅涵盖专精特新小巨人企业中的新一代信息技术产业,未来将拓展至更多行业。(2)以专利视角衡量关键核心技术突破水平虽具一定科学性,但可能不够全面,特别是针对非专利化或难以专利化的技术,未来将综合使用多种数据源和分析方法。(3)关于企业资源对关键核心技术突破的驱动机制,未来将纳入更多宏观环境维度的变量。
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD130)
  • 国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FGLB024)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17
  • 修回日期:2024-12-12
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD130)
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FGLB024)
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    上海大学管理学院, 上海 200444

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刘黎(2001-),女,硕士研究生, E-mail: 。
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