Article(id=1316695298483802145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724601600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-26, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854222174, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854222174, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854222174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854222174, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=166, endPage=177, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316695299851145250, articleId=1316695298483802145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=The impact of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone on regional science and technology innovation capacity——Policy effect evaluation based on multi-period DID, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Regional science and technology innovation capacity is an important starting point for leading high-quality development. Building regional science and technology innovation centers is conducive to gathering innovation elements and resources and promoting the improvement of the capabilities of various innovation entities. At the same time, in order to accelerate the strategic deployment of big data and create an innovation landscape led by big data, as a data element distribution center and a big data industry gathering place, the big data comprehensive pilot zone can provide data sharing dividends and industries for regional technological innovation development. It supports the engine and contributes to continuous practice and sums up big data industry development experience that can be promoted and replicated across the country. Based on the quasi-natural experiment established in the big data comprehensive pilot zone, this study adopted a multi-period double difference (DID) model to conduct statistical analysis on panel data of 30 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions) from 2011 to 2021, in order to explore the impact of the big data comprehensive pilot zone on regional science and technology innovation capacity and the implementation effects of different pilot policies. Research results show that the establishment of a national big data comprehensive pilot zone has significantly improved regional science and technology innovation capacity. This conclusion still holds true after passing the placebo test, lag one-period model and robustness test excluding first-tier cities. In order to further explore the effect of different pilots in the national big data comprehensive pilot zone on the science and technology innovation capacity of surrounding areas, this article also conducted a heterogeneity analysis on the eight pilot areas. The results show that, firstly, the policy effects of the eight major pilots are different, that is, different pilots in the national big data comprehensive pilot zone have different effects on the science and technology innovation capacity of surrounding areas, with spatial and regional differences. Second, the heterogeneity analysis results of the national big data comprehensive pilot zones in Guizhou, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, and Shenyang are significantly positive, indicating that the big data comprehensive pilot zone policy has a significant effect on the regional science and technology innovation capacity of these pilots. Third, the heterogeneity analysis results of the national big data comprehensive pilot zones in Shanghai, the Pearl River Delta, and Chongqing are not significant, indicating that the policy effect of the big data comprehensive pilot zones is not obvious in these areas. This article further explores the reasons for this result, which are attributed to differences in local economic development foundations, policy implementation goals, and innovation distribution structures. Based on this, corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. On the one hand, it is recommended to strengthen inter-regional policy coordination and promote the exchange, sharing and integration of innovative resources between regions. On the other hand, for the Pearl River Delta, Shanghai, and Chongqing pilot areas, policy implementation should consider based on the actual development of local science and technology innovation, we will further optimize the adaptability of big data pilot zone policies, ensure the precise implementation of policies, and promote the coordinated development of regional science and technology innovation capacity.

, authors=Jin WANG, Jun-yan LI, Jian-long WU, authorsList=Jin WANG, Jun-yan LI, Jian-long WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-long WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316695300841000999, articleId=1316695298483802145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响——基于多期DID的政策效应评估, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

区域科技创新能力是引领高质量发展的重要抓手,建设区域科技创新中心有利于集聚创新要素和资源,促进各类创新主体能力提升。本研究采用多阶段双重差分(DID)模型对30个省份(包括直辖市和自治区)的面板数据进行统计分析,以探讨大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响效应及其不同试点政策的实施效果。研究发现,基准回归分析表明大数据试验区的设立对区域科技创新能力提升具有显著正向效应。异质性分析结果表明,聚焦到政策八大试点地区时,珠江三角洲、上海、重庆三大试点的区域科技创新能力带动效应不显著,其余五大试点均显著。本文进一步探讨了该结果产生的原因,归因为地方经济发展基础的差异性、政策实施目标的差异性、创新分布结构的差异性。据此,提出了相应的政策建议,一方面要加强区域间的政策协同,推动区域间的创新资源交流和共享融合。另一方面,政策实施应考虑到本地的科技创新发展实际,进一步优化大数据试验区政策的适配性,确保政策的精准实施。

, authors=王今, 李均艳, 武建龙, authorsList=王今, 李均艳, 武建龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=武建龙, authorNote=

王今(1992-),女,副教授。

李均艳(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
武建龙(1981-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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王今(1992-),女,副教授。

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王今(1992-),女,副教授。

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李均艳(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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李均艳(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

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Evidence from China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1316695305932886098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, awardId=23CTQ024, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CTQ024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1316695306008383571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, awardId=72074061, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074061), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1316695306100658260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, awardId=2024RZA0202, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省重点研发计划(软科学)项目(2024RZA0202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695301084270632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695301092659241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, companyId=1316695301084270632, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science & Technology, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695301101047850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, companyId=1316695301084270632, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1316695304393576516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Parallel trend test, figureFileSmall=447pp46xhWOl/uYegjnNrg==, figureFileBig=u4l0akvXxGdkXAWZbfW2pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695304460685381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平行趋势检验, figureFileSmall=447pp46xhWOl/uYegjnNrg==, figureFileBig=u4l0akvXxGdkXAWZbfW2pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695304649429062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Placebo test, figureFileSmall=SmicKvyUvSQtztar/ZN6Gg==, figureFileBig=hjfbxAo8ZFbLvLnvbMKyVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695304724926535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=图2, caption=安慰剂检验, figureFileSmall=SmicKvyUvSQtztar/ZN6Gg==, figureFileBig=hjfbxAo8ZFbLvLnvbMKyVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695304804618312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics for each variable

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obs mean std.dev. min max
tech 330 0.668 1.062 0.005 8.722
did 330 0.185 0.389 0 1
rdi 330 0.149 0.228 0.001 1.469
ts 330 0.487 0.929 0.001 7.006
fie 330 0.177 0.286 0.003 1.856
idi 330 0.246 0.119 0.085 0.780
), ArticleFig(id=1316695304880115785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各变量描述性统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
obs mean std.dev. min max
tech 330 0.668 1.062 0.005 8.722
did 330 0.185 0.389 0 1
rdi 330 0.149 0.228 0.001 1.469
ts 330 0.487 0.929 0.001 7.006
fie 330 0.177 0.286 0.003 1.856
idi 330 0.246 0.119 0.085 0.780
), ArticleFig(id=1316695304976584778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Benchmark regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)
tech
(2)
tech
(3)
tech
(4)
tech
did 0.540*** 0.317** 0.204* 0.128*
(0.148) (0.115) (0.081) (0.050)
rdi 3.585*** 2.652***
(0.698) (0.342)
ts 0.345*** 0.383***
(0.087) (0.073)
fie 2.430***
(0.353)
idi -2.970**
(1.000)
_cons 0.568*** 0.288 -0.041 0.103
(0.064) (0.187) (0.074) (0.143)
N 330 330 330 330
R2 0.039 0.894 0.931
adj. R2 0.036 0.890 0.927
个体效应 NO YES YES YES
时间效应 NO YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305089830987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)
tech
(2)
tech
(3)
tech
(4)
tech
did 0.540*** 0.317** 0.204* 0.128*
(0.148) (0.115) (0.081) (0.050)
rdi 3.585*** 2.652***
(0.698) (0.342)
ts 0.345*** 0.383***
(0.087) (0.073)
fie 2.430***
(0.353)
idi -2.970**
(1.000)
_cons 0.568*** 0.288 -0.041 0.103
(0.064) (0.187) (0.074) (0.143)
N 330 330 330 330
R2 0.039 0.894 0.931
adj. R2 0.036 0.890 0.927
个体效应 NO YES YES YES
时间效应 NO YES YES YES
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305224048716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Robustness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)
L.tech
(2)
tech
did 0.107* 0.124*
(0.042) (0.050)
rdi 1.821*** 2.756***
(0.248) (0.458)
ts 0.280*** 0.398**
(0.073) (0.127)
fie 2.050*** 2.343***
(0.234) (0.423)
idi -2.127* -3.674
(0.947) (2.679)
_cons 0.114 0.218
(0.156) (0.349)
N 300 286
R2 0.907 0.930
adj. R2 0.903 0.926
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305358266445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)
L.tech
(2)
tech
did 0.107* 0.124*
(0.042) (0.050)
rdi 1.821*** 2.756***
(0.248) (0.458)
ts 0.280*** 0.398**
(0.073) (0.127)
fie 2.050*** 2.343***
(0.234) (0.423)
idi -2.127* -3.674
(0.947) (2.679)
_cons 0.114 0.218
(0.156) (0.349)
N 300 286
R2 0.907 0.930
adj. R2 0.903 0.926
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305454735438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Scope of heterogeneity analysis by pilot

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中心试点区域 预估带动区域
贵州省大数据综合试验区 四川省、重庆市、湖南省、广西壮族自治区、云南省
京津冀大数据综合试验区 内蒙古自治区、辽宁省、山东省、河南省、山西省
河南省大数据综合试验区 山西省、京津冀、山东省、江苏省、安徽省、湖北省、陕西省
内蒙古大数据综合试验区 黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、京津冀、山西省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区、甘肃省
沈阳大数据综合试验区 吉林省、京津冀、内蒙古自治区
上海大数据综合试验区 江苏省、浙江省
重庆大数据综合试验区 陕西省、湖北省、湖南省、贵州省、四川省
珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区 广西壮族自治区、湖南省、江西省、福建省
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305526038607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各试点异质性分析范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中心试点区域 预估带动区域
贵州省大数据综合试验区 四川省、重庆市、湖南省、广西壮族自治区、云南省
京津冀大数据综合试验区 内蒙古自治区、辽宁省、山东省、河南省、山西省
河南省大数据综合试验区 山西省、京津冀、山东省、江苏省、安徽省、湖北省、陕西省
内蒙古大数据综合试验区 黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、京津冀、山西省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区、甘肃省
沈阳大数据综合试验区 吉林省、京津冀、内蒙古自治区
上海大数据综合试验区 江苏省、浙江省
重庆大数据综合试验区 陕西省、湖北省、湖南省、贵州省、四川省
珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区 广西壮族自治区、湖南省、江西省、福建省
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305626701904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of heterogeneity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)贵州
tech
(2)京津冀
tech
(3)河南
tech
(4)内蒙古
tech
(5)沈阳
tech
(6)上海
tech
(7)
tech
(8)重庆
tech
did 0.127*** 0.142*** 0.170*** 0.099*** 0.100** 0.736 0.333 0.010
(0.028) (0.033) (0.030) (0.024) (0.034) (0.400) (0.267) (0.056)
rdi 0.649 2.940*** 3.046*** 2.834*** 3.043*** 1.669 2.821** 0.630
(0.361) (0.165) (0.158) (0.306) (0.249) (0.854) (0.895) (0.512)
ts 0.219*** 0.305*** 0.240*** 0.247*** 0.265*** 0.852 0.671** 0.077
(0.056) (0.025) (0.021) (0.017) (0.017) (0.675) (0.218) (0.045)
fie 4.924*** -0.258 -0.533 -0.185 -0.162 -1.452 0.348 4.708***
(0.562) (0.336) (0.336) (0.329) (0.228) (1.495) (0.258) (0.795)
idi 0.195 -1.412** -0.557 -0.559 -0.949*** -6.487*** 2.368 -0.790
(0.589) (0.445) (0.348) (0.308) (0.227) (1.795) (1.624) (0.695)
_cons -0.180** 0.147* 0.048 0.033 0.077 2.989*** -0.404 -0.062
(0.063) (0.065) (0.048) (0.039) (0.043) (0.833) (0.218) (0.087)
N 66 88 99 121 66 33 55 66
p 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1316695305748336721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695298483802145, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

异质性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1)贵州
tech
(2)京津冀
tech
(3)河南
tech
(4)内蒙古
tech
(5)沈阳
tech
(6)上海
tech
(7)
tech
(8)重庆
tech
did 0.127*** 0.142*** 0.170*** 0.099*** 0.100** 0.736 0.333 0.010
(0.028) (0.033) (0.030) (0.024) (0.034) (0.400) (0.267) (0.056)
rdi 0.649 2.940*** 3.046*** 2.834*** 3.043*** 1.669 2.821** 0.630
(0.361) (0.165) (0.158) (0.306) (0.249) (0.854) (0.895) (0.512)
ts 0.219*** 0.305*** 0.240*** 0.247*** 0.265*** 0.852 0.671** 0.077
(0.056) (0.025) (0.021) (0.017) (0.017) (0.675) (0.218) (0.045)
fie 4.924*** -0.258 -0.533 -0.185 -0.162 -1.452 0.348 4.708***
(0.562) (0.336) (0.336) (0.329) (0.228) (1.495) (0.258) (0.795)
idi 0.195 -1.412** -0.557 -0.559 -0.949*** -6.487*** 2.368 -0.790
(0.589) (0.445) (0.348) (0.308) (0.227) (1.795) (1.624) (0.695)
_cons -0.180** 0.147* 0.048 0.033 0.077 2.989*** -0.404 -0.062
(0.063) (0.065) (0.048) (0.039) (0.043) (0.833) (0.218) (0.087)
N 66 88 99 121 66 33 55 66
p 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
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大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响——基于多期DID的政策效应评估
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王今 , 李均艳 , 武建龙
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(1): 166-177
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (1) : 166 -177
大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响——基于多期DID的政策效应评估
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王今(1992-),女,副教授。

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王今, 李均艳, 武建龙
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080
通讯作者:
武建龙(1981-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
作者简介:

王今(1992-),女,副教授。

李均艳(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

The impact of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone on regional science and technology innovation capacity——Policy effect evaluation based on multi-period DID
Jin WANG, Jun-yan LI, Jian-long WU
Affiliations
  • School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science & Technology, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15
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区域科技创新能力是引领高质量发展的重要抓手,建设区域科技创新中心有利于集聚创新要素和资源,促进各类创新主体能力提升。本研究采用多阶段双重差分(DID)模型对30个省份(包括直辖市和自治区)的面板数据进行统计分析,以探讨大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响效应及其不同试点政策的实施效果。研究发现,基准回归分析表明大数据试验区的设立对区域科技创新能力提升具有显著正向效应。异质性分析结果表明,聚焦到政策八大试点地区时,珠江三角洲、上海、重庆三大试点的区域科技创新能力带动效应不显著,其余五大试点均显著。本文进一步探讨了该结果产生的原因,归因为地方经济发展基础的差异性、政策实施目标的差异性、创新分布结构的差异性。据此,提出了相应的政策建议,一方面要加强区域间的政策协同,推动区域间的创新资源交流和共享融合。另一方面,政策实施应考虑到本地的科技创新发展实际,进一步优化大数据试验区政策的适配性,确保政策的精准实施。

区域科技创新能力  /  政策效应评估  /  多期DID  /  区域异质性分析  /  大数据综合试验区政策

Regional science and technology innovation capacity is an important starting point for leading high-quality development. Building regional science and technology innovation centers is conducive to gathering innovation elements and resources and promoting the improvement of the capabilities of various innovation entities. At the same time, in order to accelerate the strategic deployment of big data and create an innovation landscape led by big data, as a data element distribution center and a big data industry gathering place, the big data comprehensive pilot zone can provide data sharing dividends and industries for regional technological innovation development. It supports the engine and contributes to continuous practice and sums up big data industry development experience that can be promoted and replicated across the country. Based on the quasi-natural experiment established in the big data comprehensive pilot zone, this study adopted a multi-period double difference (DID) model to conduct statistical analysis on panel data of 30 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions) from 2011 to 2021, in order to explore the impact of the big data comprehensive pilot zone on regional science and technology innovation capacity and the implementation effects of different pilot policies. Research results show that the establishment of a national big data comprehensive pilot zone has significantly improved regional science and technology innovation capacity. This conclusion still holds true after passing the placebo test, lag one-period model and robustness test excluding first-tier cities. In order to further explore the effect of different pilots in the national big data comprehensive pilot zone on the science and technology innovation capacity of surrounding areas, this article also conducted a heterogeneity analysis on the eight pilot areas. The results show that, firstly, the policy effects of the eight major pilots are different, that is, different pilots in the national big data comprehensive pilot zone have different effects on the science and technology innovation capacity of surrounding areas, with spatial and regional differences. Second, the heterogeneity analysis results of the national big data comprehensive pilot zones in Guizhou, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, and Shenyang are significantly positive, indicating that the big data comprehensive pilot zone policy has a significant effect on the regional science and technology innovation capacity of these pilots. Third, the heterogeneity analysis results of the national big data comprehensive pilot zones in Shanghai, the Pearl River Delta, and Chongqing are not significant, indicating that the policy effect of the big data comprehensive pilot zones is not obvious in these areas. This article further explores the reasons for this result, which are attributed to differences in local economic development foundations, policy implementation goals, and innovation distribution structures. Based on this, corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. On the one hand, it is recommended to strengthen inter-regional policy coordination and promote the exchange, sharing and integration of innovative resources between regions. On the other hand, for the Pearl River Delta, Shanghai, and Chongqing pilot areas, policy implementation should consider based on the actual development of local science and technology innovation, we will further optimize the adaptability of big data pilot zone policies, ensure the precise implementation of policies, and promote the coordinated development of regional science and technology innovation capacity.

regional science and technology innovation capacity  /  policy effect assessment  /  multi-period DID  /  regional heterogeneity analysis  /  big data comprehensive pilot zone policy
王今, 李均艳, 武建龙. 大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响——基于多期DID的政策效应评估. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (1) : 166 -177 .
Jin WANG, Jun-yan LI, Jian-long WU. The impact of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone on regional science and technology innovation capacity——Policy effect evaluation based on multi-period DID[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (1) : 166 -177 .
区域科技创新能力是引领高质量发展的重要抓手,建设区域科技创新中心有利于集聚创新要素和资源,促进各类创新主体能力提升,进而推动区域科技创新发展。党的二十大报告中指出,“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。统筹推进国际科技创新中心、区域科技创新中心建设,提升国家创新体系整体效能”。可以说,科技创新能力作为创新驱动发展战略的载体,对实现地区高质量发展具有重要意义。因此,如何更好地实施创新驱动发展战略,建设和发挥好区域科技创新中心这一载体型国家战略科技力量,缩小区域科技创新差距,推进均衡协同发展,实现高水平科技自立自强,有力支撑区域和国家高质量发展,开辟发展新优势,是加快推进中国式现代化的战略性基础性议题[1-5]。
大数据产业是凭借互联网、物联网等渠道收集数据要素,并基于此展开数据的存储、价值的开掘、智能的处置以及分发工作,属于信息服务行业[6]。大数据产业连同其所依赖的云计算、物联网等,已经成为新时期科技创新在理论、技术和实践方面取得重大突破的关键和前沿性信息技术。一方面,科技创新政策的确定必须依赖大数据,大数据产业为科技创新管理模式的转变提供了有利条件;另一方面,大数据产业为区域科技创新发展注入了大量的数字资源和信息要素,并借助数据平台进行信息融合和提炼,进而高效科学的提供科技创新所需要素,为区域科技创新发展奠定坚实的基础并提供有力的保障[7]。
梳理现有研究,发现大多学者集中于探究国家级大数据综合试验区对数字化转型、创新发展和高质量发展的影响,很少有研究把国家级大数据综合试验区和区域科技创新能力置于同一分析框架之中,探究试验区政策对区域科技创新能力的影响,以及该影响在不同试点的复杂变化情况。基于此,本文欲填补以上空白,借助多期DID模型,实证检验国家级大数据综合试验区政策能否显著提升区域科技创新能力?国家级大数据综合试验区不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力的带动效应是否不同?以期适应数字变革和科技创新需要,挖掘二者之间的影响效应以及不同试点政策在实际操作中的作用效果,为国家大数据战略的制定和实施,以及区域协调发展和高质量发展提供科学依据和理论支撑,进而帮助我国在数字经济时代更好地推动国家的发展。
本文研究重点有两个:一是关于国家级大数据综合试验区政策及其相关研究;二是关于区域科技创新能力及其影响因素相关研究。因此,本文的文献综述将基于上述两类研究展开。
当今时代,数据作为新型核心资源,对经济发展、科技创新有着巨大推动力,在国家发展中占据重要地位。为了加快数字产业发展,适应大数据时代新变革,国家正积极构建大数据综合试验区,并强化对数据资源的系统整合,不断促进资源的重新分配和优化利用,进一步推动数字化产业的全面进步和发展。通过发挥这些大数据综合试验区试点的辐射带动作用,能够促进区域之间的协同发展和交流合作,进一步提升各区域科技创新能力。因此,贵州在2015年率先启动了我国首个大数据综合试验区的试点建设,随后在2016年,上海、河南、重庆、沈阳四大区域示范型综合试验区,以及京津冀(北京市、天津市、河北省)、珠江三角洲(广州、深圳、东莞等9市)两大跨区域型综合试验区,再加上内蒙古基础设施统筹发展型综合试验区也相继获得批准并建设实施。这八大国家级大数据综合试验区的设立,有效构建和覆盖了西南、华东、华中、东北、华南板块的区域大数据发展格局,共同促进了大数据产业的蓬勃发展,并推动了各区域的协调共进。
梳理现有关于国家级大数据综合试验区的文献发现,大多数学者集中于探究国家级大数据综合试验区对数字化转型、创新发展和高质量发展这三方面的影响。首先,张珂涵等依据我国2011至2021年沪深A股上市公司的相关数据,运用基准回归分析展开研究,得出国家级大数据综合试验区的建设具备数据要素的赋能功效,其借由疏通企业数字化转型的途径,从而产生了创新激励的效果与规模扩张的作用[8]。侯林岐等人同样借助双重差分模型,聚焦A股上市公司的微观企业数据,察觉到大数据试验区建设能显著提升企业数字化转型,对企业数字化转型起到积极的影响[9]。其次,杨玉琪等通过对2011-2020年全国279个地级市经济高质量发展水平进行测定,探究发现大数据试验区数字化赋能明显推动了城市经济高质量发展,同时还发现数字化赋能主要促使生产更接近生产可能性曲线以及向外扩展生产可能性曲线,也就是说,数字化赋能凭借生产聚集和扩散效应,带动城市经济高质量发展[10]。最后,徐林等借助2008-2019年中国地级市的平衡面板数据,采用广义双重差分法进行评估,发现大数据综合试验区建设加速了数据资源的开放共享,缓解了市场信息不对称,推动了传统产业数字化变革转型,营造了良好的创业创新生态,进而显著提升了城市创新能力。而且,国家级大数据综合试验区不仅使各类要素向中心城市聚集,而且使资源自由流动,扩散带动周围城市创新水平提升,具备虹吸效应和扩散效应[11]。
区域科技创新能力是区域创新生态系统当中各类科技创新要素相互配合、彼此影响、共同发挥作用的产物,是大学、科研院所、企业、政府、中介机构等科技创新主体要素直接或间接参与区域技术创新,充分借助现代信息与通讯技术,凭借政策、体制、法律的作用,调动并整合区域的创新资源,持续把知识、技术等要素融入创新活动中,并创作出新的价值,协同并推进区域创新活动和区域经济社会进步的一种能力[12,13],其强劲与否是衡量一个区域发展潜能以及未来竞争力的重要指标[14]。
影响区域科技创新能力的因素有很多,国内外学者从不同角度分别进行了细致分析。蒋兴华表示研发水平、技术转移水平、产业技术水平,金融、劳动力、信息基础设施等环境状况以及宏观经济、产业架构、居民收入层级和产业国际竞争水平等因素,均会对区域科技创新能力产生作用[12]。陈艳华认为区域科技创新能力会被创新主体、资源、文化以及机制等诸多元素所左右[13]。孟晓华等人认为科技创新人力投入、财力投入、高技术产业化进程、技术创新情况、经济增长与效益提升、科技贡献比率、环境治理与基础设施改进、科技创新外向扩散程度是左右区域科技创新能力的关键指标[14]。贾春光等人指出科技开发水平、成果转化水平、支撑水平、政策扶持等多维度因素给区域科技创新能力带来了极大影响[15]。
目前,我国经济发展已进入高质量发展阶段,全面贯彻落实区域协同发展战略也进入了关键阶段。而经济快速发展得益于数字化和科技创新,国家级大数据综合试验区的设立带动了大数据开放和共享,为科技创新水平的提高提供了海量数据资料和信息基础。同时,大数据综合试验区共有八大试点,遍布中国各个方位,为落实区域协同发展战略奠定了基础,发挥了重要作用。因此,深入研究大数据综合试验区设立对区域科技创新能力的影响效应以及该政策不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力的带动效应,对国家发展和政策实施具备深刻的理论和现实意义。本文的边际贡献主要表现为:(1)将数字化以及数字变革的影响纳入考量,以国家级大数据综合试验区政策为基础,对其给区域科技创新能力带来的影响展开探讨,完善并充实了数字化与区域科技创新能力的理论分析架构;(2)运用计量经济学理论,基于多期DID模型探究国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响,从而科学揭示了其政策是否具有科技创新驱动效应;(3)基于协同发展和高质量发展要求,进行区域异质性分析,进一步探究大数据综合试验区建设对周围区域的科技创新带动和协同效应,考察政策在实施过程中的实践效果,从而有利于洞察和掌握大数据综合试验区建设促进区域科技创新能力提升的实际效果。
在当前的数字化与信息化浪潮中,科技的飞速进步与全球化的持续推进,使得大数据跃升为引领时代前行的关键力量。大数据的内涵已远非单纯的庞大数据量所能涵盖,而是包括了数据的采集、存储、处理、深度分析及创新应用等整个流程。在这个数据驱动的时代,数据作为一种无形的宝贵资源,对政府决策、企业运营、学术研究以及社会各领域的进步均有着举足轻重的意义。然而,如何高效、科学地利用这些数据,已成为当下国家发展的重大影响因素。在此背景下,国家积极响应时代呼唤,制定了大数据发展战略。作为该战略的核心组成,国家级大数据综合试验区致力于以数据应用驱动数据聚合,以开放共享促进产业发展,进而培育新动能,推动区域间产业的高效集聚。通过统筹规划数据资源,这些大数据综合试验区不仅推动了自身的发展,还辐射带动了周边区域的繁荣。因此,国家级大数据综合试验区为国家大数据战略的实施和科技创新发展提供了宝贵的实践经验和示范引领。
大数据时代的来临引发了科技创新未曾有过的变革,大数据助力了开放多元的科技创新平台的建成,达成了科技战略的规划、政府政策的支撑、科技成果与产业的衔接、科技研发平台的设立,推动了科技创新管理的前行,有利于增进科研效率、削减研究成本、拓展科技创新的路径[16]。并且伴随Web2.0时代的到来,海量数据和信息技术强大的交互性能有力地促进了网络众包驱动科技创新模式的进步,网络众包为应对科技创新的新需求与新变动给出了应对之策,属于科技创新的关键驱动力[17]。大数据产业为应对科技创新的新需求与新变动给出了应对之策,是科技创新的重要推动力[7]。王晓红等基于2012~2019年的省级面板数据,运用双重差分广义空间模型针对国家级大数据综合试验区展开研究,发觉大数据综合试验区的创建能够发挥政策的益处,明显提高企业的创新能力。同时,大数据综合试验区设立对创新能力的提升具有空间溢出效应,这意味着大数据试验区通过融合新兴信息技术,加速创新要素的跨区域流动和聚集,进而对周边区域创新发展起到辐射和示范作用和影响[18]。
另外严晗等基于我国科技创新的新进程,融合大数据指标,运用组合赋权的方式,对2012-2022年我国科技创新的发展水平、特征及趋势进行考察评估,得出科技创新地区发展不均衡的问题显著,呈现出“西低、中平、东高”的态势[19]。魏守华等人借助塞尔指数剖析全国创新能力的分布情形,察觉到创新能力的塞尔指数呈现增大的走向,意味着创新能力的地区差距更为明显,区域创新能力的差异呈现出扩大化的趋向[20]。陈艳华针对区域科技创新能力展开评价,发现区域创新要素的分布不平均,区域科技创新能力呈现出强弱的排序,表明我国区域科技创新能力的发展不平衡,区域差别显著[13]。齐亚伟针对我国区域创新能力进行聚类分析,发现中国30个省份区域创新能力共分为四类,存在明显阶梯层次不均衡的分布情况。同时对区域创新能力全局Moran's I指数进行测,发现其呈现出显著的空间正相关特性,说明我国创新能力存在空间分布差异和空间依赖性[21]。
依据上述文献和理论基础,本文给出了如下假设:
H1:国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的提升具有积极贡献作用。
H2:国家级大数据综合试验区不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力带动效应不同,具有空间区域差异。
由于国家级大数据综合试验区政策是分批实施的,政策时点不同,故本文基于计量经济学理论和方法,构建多期双重差分模型,实证分析国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的驱动效应,并进一步探讨上述效应的空间区域差异。面板数据选2011-2021年11年期的数据,其中实验组涵盖了8大国家级大数据综合试验区,涉及10个试点省份(直辖市及自治区),对照组则包含了20个试点省份(直辖市及自治区)。为了提高和确保研究的精确性和数据的准确性,剔除了数据严重缺失的西藏自治区样本数据,最终以我国30个省份(直辖市及自治区)作为研究样本,探究国家级大数据综合试验区设立对区域科技创新能力的影响效应以及政策不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力的带动效应。本文最终构建的多期DID模型如下:
$\mathit{t}\mathit{e}\mathit{c}{\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}=\mathit{\alpha }+\mathit{\beta }1\times \mathit{d}\mathit{i}{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+\mathit{\beta }2\times {\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\mu }}_{\mathit{i}}+{\mathit{\lambda }}_{\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\epsilon }}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}$
上述公式中i代表地区,包括省份、直辖市及自治区,t代表年份;techit为被解释变量,即第t年i地区的区域科技创新能力;α为常数项;β1为国家级大数据综合试验区影响区域科技创新的政策效应,didit为核心解释变量,是地区虚拟变量和时间虚拟变量的交互项,以此来代表国家级大数据综合试验区设立的政策虚拟变量;β2为系数,xit为区域科技创新能力层面的控制变量;μi代表地区i的固定效应,λt代表第t年的时间固定效应;εit为多期DID回归模型的随机扰动项。
(1)被解释变量
本文的研究框架中,被解释变量是区域科技创新能力(tech),该指标是区域创新水平的重要体现。结合过往文献发现,创新水平通常通过创新产出的量化指标来衡量,可以用专利申请量、授权量以及科技成果获奖数等作为创新能力的代理变量。总之,这些指标被广泛视作衡量区域科技创新能力的有效变量,其不仅反映了科技创新的实质性成果,也彰显了知识创造与转化的能力。然而,专利申请量中包含可能未获通过的申请,且科技成果获奖数在国家统计局官网中无固定指标,不易获得。因此,为确保数据的准确性和可靠性,本文用专利申请授权量来衡量区域科技创新能力,从而更精确地反映地区的创新实力和水平。
(2)解释变量
本文的核心解释变量(did)是国家级大数据综合试验区政策设立的地区虚拟变量(treat)与政策实施的时间虚拟变量(post)的乘积。地区虚拟变量(treat)中将处理组政策实施的试点省份(直辖市及自治区)设置为1,控制组设置为0;post中将处理组所在试点地区的大数据综合试验区政策实施的当年及之后的年份取值为1,否则取值为0。最终得到treat和post的乘积,命名为did,按照计算结果,对于设立为国家级大数据综合试验区的试点地区且在政策实施之后的年份取值为1,否则为0。
(3)控制变量
本文选取科技市场基础、科技转化效率、科技金融水平、消费水平4个变量作为控制变量,以排除国家级大数据综合试验区政策以外的其他影响因素对区域科技创新能力的干扰,进而精确衡量计算大数据综和试验区政策对区域科技创新能力影响的净效应。其中,科技市场基础(rdi)用规模以上工业企业RD项目数来衡量,科技转化效率(ts)采用技术市场成交额来衡量,科技金融水平(fie)则选取外商投资企业数来衡量,消费水平(idi)通过全体居民人均可支配收入来衡量。
本文的原始数据来源于国家统计局官方网站整理公布的各省份年度数以及不同省份统计局发布的各年统计年鉴。鉴于西藏自治区的数据缺失严重,因此将此地区的样本数据删除,最终选取2011-2021年30个省份(直辖市、自治区)的11年期面板数据,不包含港、澳、台省份地区。其中,处理组共10个地区,控制组共20个,共计330条原始样本数据。另外,在原始数据的基础上,利用线性插值方法填充缺失指标值,最终得到了本论文实证所用的数据,各变量描述性统计结果如表1所示。
本文首先进行区域科技创新能力(tech)和核心解释变量(did)的普通回归,结果如表2列(1)所示;为避免估计误差,列(2)在列(1)的基础上进行双向固定效应回归;为进一步提升政策评估精确性,列(3)在列(2)的基础上添加了部分控制变量进行双向固定效应回归,以排除科技市场基础(rdi)、科技转化效率(ts)的非政策因素对区域科技创新能力的干扰因素;列(4)在列(3)的基础上又添加了控制变量科技金融水平(fie)和消费水平(idi),进而进行全样本全变量指标的双向固定效应回归。观察四组基准回归结果,分别在1%、5%、10%、10%水平下显著为正,这表明国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的提升具有显著的积极贡献作用,假设1得证。同时加入的控制变量越多,R2越大,拟合程度越好,回归模型越有效。
运用多期DID方法进行实证分析和检验的重要前提就是确保处理组和控制组政策冲击前的年份数据具有相同的区域科技创新能力变化趋势,也就是在国家级大数据综合试验区政策实施之前,处理组和控制组区域科技创新能力的时间趋势基本平行,未出现较大差异。因此,为确保基准回归所得结果的正确性,本文采用事件研究法进行平行趋势检这一基准回归事前检验。以样本区间第1期为基期,选择了大数据综合试验区设立的前三年和后五年窗口期,置信区间设置为95%。基于此,本文构建如下模型进行平行趋势检验:
$\begin{array}{c}\text { tech } i t=\beta 0+\beta 1 \text { before } 3_{i t}+\beta 2 \text { before } 2_{i t}+\beta 3 \\\text { before } 1_{i t}+\beta 4 \text { current }_{i t}+\beta 5 \text { after } 1_{i t}+\beta 6 \text { after } 2_{i t}+\beta 7 \\\text { after } 3_{i t}+\beta 8 \text { after } 4_{i t}+\beta 9 \text { after } 5_{i t}+\mu_{i}+\lambda_{t}+\varepsilon_{i t}\end{array}$
为了更加直观观察多期DID事前检验结果,本文采用图示法将国家级大数据综合试验区政策效应结果展现在下图中,所作平行趋势检验结果如图1所示。观察图形变化趋势可知,处理组与控制组区域科技创新能力在政策实施之前穿过0所在线,回归结果不显著,在政策实施之后不穿过0所在线,回归结果显著且持续增长,这表明在国家级大数据综合试验区政策实施之前,各地区在区域科技创新能力上无显著差别,政策实施之后,区域科技创新能力显著提升,满足了平行趋势检验要求,基准回归结果稳健。另外,大数据综合试验区设立一年后结果才显著,说明政策实施存在一定的滞后性。同时,从整体动态效应来看,大数据综合试验区设立的政策净效应估计系数显著为正且呈持续增长趋势,表明大数据综合试验区政策效应较为稳定且未来将会持续性增强。
(1)滞后一期
根据图1中的动态效应检验结果显示,国家级大数据综合试验区的设立对于区域科技创新能力的提高有着明显的滞后效应。因此,本文对被解释变量区域科技创新能力进行了滞后一期的稳健性检验。从表3的列(1)可以看出,在滞后一期之后,回归结果在10%水平下显著为正,这说明了大数据综合试验区的设立对于区域科技创新能力的提升确实具有一定的滞后效应。同时,也说明本文的研究假设H1通过了稳健性检验,滞后一期研究结论仍成立,非随机偶然结果,从而增强了研究结论的稳健性。
(2)剔除一线城市
一线城市具有更好的经济基础、科技创新环境,且相对于其他地区具有更高的科技创新能力,为避免这部分样本对研究结果造成干扰,减小评估偏差,本文选择将一线城市北京市、天津市、上海市、重庆市的样本数据剔除,再进行全样本回归,以此进行稳健性检验。回归结果见表3的第(2)列,结果显示在剔除一线城市后,国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的影响依然在10%水平下显著,再次验证了本文研究假设H1,国家级大数据综合试验区对区域科技创新能力的提升具有积极贡献作用。
(3)安慰剂检验
本文通过构造虚拟的处理组和控制组进行安慰剂检验,以评估大数据综合试验区建立对区域科技创新能力影响效应是否稳健。运用双重差分法进行政策评价时,可能存在与政策无关的其他事件或随机因素对区域科技创新能力造成干扰,进而导致估计偏差。为了排除这种误差影响,本文进行了安慰剂检验,同时为了直观观测结果,生成核密度分布图进行分析检验。在原始数据的基础上,通过随机抽样方法,进行1000次随机抽取,分别获得不同的处理组和控制组,以保证政策冲击对处理组试点地区的区域科技创新能力影响是随机的。然后对这1000个随机样本的核心解释变量进行了多次回归估计,以排除其他随机因素对区域科技创新能力的影响,避免造成政策净效应评估的随机误差,确保结果的稳健性和精确度。安慰剂检验结果的核密度分布如图2所示,可知p值分布近似于正态分布,大部分分布在10%以上,回归结果不显著,表明大数据综合试验区的建立对区域科技创新能力的影响不是偶然的或受到随机因素等不可观测因素干扰的,从而进一步验证了本文结果的稳健性。
国家级大数据综合试验区共有8个,遍布中国不同区域和方位,力求带动全国的数字化和协调性发展。因此,为探究大数据综合试验区政策不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力的带动效应,挖掘大数据综合试验区战略不同试点的实施进展,本文对不同试点及其周围省份进行区域异质性分析,异质性分析的政策试点地区和扩散带动地区如表4所示,八大国家级大数据综合试验区异质性分析的回归结果如表4所示,研究发现列(1)~(5)回归系数均为正且在不同的显著性水平下显著,即这五大试点区域科技创新能力带动效果显著,说明国家级大数据综合试验区政策在这些试点地区对周围区域科技创新能力有显著带动提升效应。其中包括贵州、京津冀、河南、内蒙古、沈阳大数据综合试验区。而列(6)~(8)系数均不显著,说明国家级大数据综合试验区政策在这些地区政策效果不明显。其中包括上海、珠江三角洲、重庆大数据综合试验区。
基于理论分析和文献研究发现:一方面,上海和重庆大数据综合试验区不显著的原因可能是地方经济基础的差异性。具体来说,两地都是直辖市,经济基础较为雄厚,产业结构较为多元化,科技创新能力本身就较为强大。因此,虽然政策带来了新的技术资源和创新支持,但由于其科技创新能力本身已经较高,且与其相邻面积广袤、经济、科技水平差距较大的地区相比,二者之间创新资源交互性和渗透性不强,故区域科技创新带动性和协同性不显著,政策效果未能如其他试点地区那样显著提升;另一方面,珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区不显著的原因可能是地方经济基础的差异性和政策实施目标的差异性。具体来说:(1)广东省共计21个地级市,覆盖地级市众多且地域广茂,同时作为经济发展大省,海岸港口巨多,毗邻香港、澳门,GDP也是连年排名居于龙头。珠江三角洲地区所涉及地级市更是占据天时地利人和,经济发展、科技水平较高,极大带动了周围粤东、粤西、粤北三大板块区域的发展,而与周围省份地区交互性不强,存在显著经济基础差异。(2)广东省各项发展战略大多基于内部协同发展。例如最近开通的城轨,贯通了省内四大板块的通行和经济交流,推动建设大湾区(香港、澳门、珠江三角洲)协同发展。即珠江三角洲试点的政策措施执行目标、地方政府的发展战略规划以及经济和创新资源的配套基础设施等因素会对区域科技创新能力的提升效果产生影响。试点地区可能在政策执行目标上存在偏误,或者政策的适配性不足,导致政策效果没有达到预期,进而致使大数据综合试验区政策的科技创新能力带动效应在该试点不显著。
此外,在对国家级大数据综合试验区的相关文献进行深入研究后,我们发现:(1)大数据综合试验区政策在经济发展相对滞后的地区具有更为明显的带动效应。正如徐林等在研究中所述,从区域异质性来看,大数据综合试验区的构建对于中西部城市以及网络基础设施水平欠佳的城市而言,其创新的驱动成效格外突出,其在缩减区域间“数字鸿沟”、促进区域协同发展以及构建新布局方面也具有关键作用[11]。这间接证实,对于经济发达、基础设施建设完善的地区,例如上海、珠江三角洲、重庆这些地区,大数据综合试验区的区域科技创新带动效应不显著。(2)正如Wang等和邬滋在研究中国省级创新产出空间分布及其影响因素一文中得到的结论:创新展现出空间集聚的特性,主要表现为较高创新能力的省域相对来说倾向于和具有较高创新能力的省域靠近的空间关联架构,这表明区位因素对创新产出的影响力较大,创新差距大的试点难以对周围地区科技创新能力发展形成正向的空间溢出效应,实现创新驱动和辐射效应[22,23]。因此对于上海、珠江三角洲、重庆这些地区,经济发展飞速,未能与周围区域创新发展形成空间聚集和关联结构,故而国家级大数据综合试验区政策在这些试点不显著,无法实现科技创新带动和协同效应,满足空间科技创新溢出效应和协同驱动效应。
为了研究国家级大数据综合试验区的设立是否能够提升区域科技创新能力,本文构建多期DID模型,系统评估了其政策净效应以及不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力提升的带动效应。研究结果显示:国家级大数据综合试验区的设立显著提升了区域科技创新能力。为了进一步探究国家级大数据综合试验区不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力的带动效应好坏,本文又对八大试点区域进行了异质性分析。结果表明:(1)八大试点政策效应不同,即国家级大数据综合试验区不同试点对周围区域科技创新能力带动效应不同,具有空间区域差异。(2)贵州、京津冀、河南、内蒙古、沈阳国家级大数据综合试验区异质性分析结果显著为正,说明大数据综合试验区政策在这些试点的区域科技创新能力带动效应明显。(3)上海、珠江三角洲、重庆国家级大数据综合试验区异质性分析结果不显著,说明大数据综合试验区政策在这些地区政策效果不明显。另外本文运用理论分析和文献研究解释了这三大试点地区政策效应不显著的原因。
基于以上研究结果,文章给出了相应的政策建议,如下:
第一,实证结果证明,国家级大数据综合试验区建设对区域科技创新能力具有正向显著的积极影响。这一结果清晰地揭示了大数据综合试验区在推动区域科技创新方面的重要作用和巨大潜力。政府应当给予高度重视,并加快国家级大数据综合试验区的建设进程。注重大数据开放共享,应当结合当今5G、大数据、AI等新兴信息技术,巧妙地将其融合运用,进而促进数据要素的顺畅流动。还应进一步完善大数据基础设施建设,致力于打造全国一流的大数据产业中心,不断强化数字基建对区域科技创新能力的支撑作用,为科技创新提供坚实的基础和强大的动力。如此一来,方能充分发挥大数据综合试验区的优势,进而显著提升区域科技创新能力,推动区域经济的高质量发展和可持续进步。
第二,上海、重庆、珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区作为为数不多的直辖市和跨区域政策试点地区,国家级大数据综合试验区政策的科技创新带动效应在这些试点区域不显著,当地政府应高度重视并深层剖析其原因。上海、重庆、珠江三角洲经济发达、数据资源丰富、信息化服务产业集聚,拥有较好的创新基础。但也存在一些问题,例如与其他显著试点相比,此三大不显著试点存在经济发展基础、政策实施目标、创新分布结构差异性。与试点周围区域相比,二者之间交互联系不强,各产业领域的大数据应用尚未形成规模和聚集效应,空间关联、知识溢出、区域优势不明显,致使试点区域与周围区域存在较大的经济、创新差异和鸿沟,渗透关联性不强。因此,针对珠江三角洲、上海、重庆试点地区,政策实施应考虑到本地的科技创新发展实际,因地制宜地推广和借鉴成功案例,进一步优化大数据试验区政策的适配性,确保政策的精准实施。另外,建议加强区域间的政策协同,深化大数据战略的实施,积极与周围区域交流合作,并在此基础上扩大数据要素的开放和共享,促进产业数据化,加大区域间交流和共享融合,扩大创新辐射范围和强度,进而极大提升和带动周围区域科技创新能力发展,实现共赢和协同发展。
第三,贵州、京津冀、河南、内蒙古、沈阳大数据综合试验区结果显著,表明这些试点地区大数据产业建设较为完善,具有充分的区域科技创新驱动效应,显著提升和带动了周围区域科技创新能力。但当地政府仍要重视和加强大数据产业建设,持续探寻新的建设突破点,不断完善和优化基于大数据的区域科技创新驱动效应。可以构建政府引领的区域性科技创新大数据综合服务平台,不仅可以高效整合科技创新领域的多元资源与服务,而且可以充分发挥大数据产业的信息与数据挖掘优势,从而无缝衔接科技创新的各个关键环节,激发并促进区域科技创新的蓬勃发展。此外,为确保平台的高效运行与持续优化,需构建一套健全的信息管理体系以及大数据平台运维机制,通过提升在线审批效率、强化在线交流服务能力,构建线上线下融合的管理与服务模式,有效减少信息传递与处理的成本,推动科技创新生态的持续优化与升级。
首先,鉴于数据的完整性,文章选取省级加直辖市层面的面板数据,但是国家级大数据综合试验区政策试点包含除直辖市以外的沈阳市和珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区试点,其作用和建设范围包含地级市,因此选择省级数据可能未能精确测量沈阳和珠江三角洲大数据综合试验区政策效应,未来可采取地级市数据进行对比完善。其次,文章主要探讨国家级大数据试验区设立对区域科技创新能力的影响效应及其不同试点科技创新带动效应,缺乏对大数据试验区设立对区域科技创新能力影响机制和路径的深入探究和挖掘,有待在未来进一步完善。最后,本文以科技市场基础、科技转化效率、科技金融水平、消费水平作为控制变量,以排除其他除国家级大数据综合试验区政策以外因素对区域科技创新能力的干扰,指标选取有可能存在遗漏,今后的研究可以对其进行进一步的提炼和扩大,以减少误差,提升研究结果的精确度。
  • 国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CTQ024)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074061)
  • 山东省重点研发计划(软科学)项目(2024RZA0202)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26
  • 修回日期:2024-12-31
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CTQ024)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074061)
山东省重点研发计划(软科学)项目(2024RZA0202)
作者信息
    哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080

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武建龙(1981-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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