Article(id=1316695282595774788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=1731513600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854218385, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854218385, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854218385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854218385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=129, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316695282948096325, articleId=1316695282595774788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=The path mechanism for breaking through the "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Accelerating the construction of independent innovation capabilities in core technologies is an imperative requirement in the new context of international scientific and technological competition. Against this backdrop, China's innovation policy planning must transcend the traditional logic of follower catch-up and shift towards a technological strategic perspective of beyond catch-up. It is essential to balance the breakthrough of bottleneck technologies and the forward-looking layout of killer technologies, focusing not only on the autonomy and control of current key industries but also on shaping future technological competitive advantages.
Focusing on the strategic layout of national innovation policy, this study defining and discussing the scientific connotations and development patterns of killer technologies from the perspective of beyond catch-up, and emphasizes the strategic significance of killer technologies in international competition, which compensates for the bias of existing research that predominantly emphasize bottleneck technologies. Killer technologies refer to "asymmetrical technologies" mastered by technological entities at the high end of the innovation chain, which are difficult for other entities to imitate and surpass. Killer technologies are primary innovation outcomes formed within an endogenous innovation chain, fundamentally different from bottleneck technologies that rely on external sources of innovation. In the process of breaking through bottleneck technologies, latecomers who improve and expand within existing technological paradigms and tracks are prone to falling into the "catch-up trap" of continuous catching up and continuous falling behind.
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the "valley of death" phenomenon in key core technology innovation. On the basis of summarizing and sorting out the patterns of innovation transformation chains for two types of key core technology, the study analyzes the three major innovation breakpoints and constraints of innovation achievement transformation from basic research to application development, to productization, and then to scaling up, which supplements the previous research's insufficient attention to the breakpoints of upstream technology acquisition and downstream technology promotion. The main challenges faced by killer technologies at the stages of technology acquisition, transformation, and promotion are the insufficiency of continuous basic research, goal divergence among multiple entities, and the failure of business model innovation. Bottleneck technologies face the "cold start" paradox of latecomers, the lack of "know-how" in application transformation, and the difficulty of scaling up development at three stages.
Breakthroughs in key core technologies typically require multiple entities to collaborate in complex innovation networks. Focusing on the three types of "valley of death" faced by the two categories of key core technologies, this study systematically elaborates the breakthrough path mechanisms for killer technologies and bottleneck technologies based on the "capability enhancement - resource allocation - institutional environment" logical framework, aiming to provide new theoretical perspectives and practical guidance for China's innovation policy layout. Capacity building of entities is key to breakthroughs in key core technologies, the optimization of resource allocation aims to enhance the entity capabilities, and reasonable and effective institutional arrangements support and safeguard the effective allocation of resources. These three types of innovation breakthrough elements interact and collaborate effectively in the process of breaking through key core technologies.
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加快建设关键核心技术自主创新能力是国际科技竞争新形势下的必然要求。本研究首先着眼于国家创新政策战略布局,从超越追赶视角对“杀手锏”技术的科学内涵与发展规律进行了定义与论述,弥补了既有研究偏重于“卡脖子”技术的视角缺陷。“杀手锏”技术指技术主体在创新链高级端掌握的、难以被其他主体模仿和超越的“非对称性技术”,是形成于内源式创新链的“一次创新”成果,与依赖外部创新源的“卡脖子”技术有根本差异。其次,通过对两类关键核心技术创新转化链式过程的规律总结与梳理,本研究解析了从基础研究到应用开发、到产品化、再到规模化的三大创新成果转化断点问题与制约因素,即技术形成、技术转化及技术推广“死亡之谷”挑战。最后,关键核心技术的突破通常需要多元主体在复杂的创新网络中协同攻关,本文针对两类关键核心技术面临的三类“死亡之谷”,基于“能力-资源-制度”的逻辑框架,系统性阐述了“杀手锏”技术和“卡脖子”技术的突破路径机制。
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Path analysis of breaking through "Valley of Death" of killer technology innovation, figureFileSmall=N6gYxXYYQAreaEkkvsVb3Q==, figureFileBig=bzwJV2SkdbF4rkgfDAsAOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695287679271273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
突破“杀手锏”技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径解析 资料来源:由作者整理绘制。
, figureFileSmall=N6gYxXYYQAreaEkkvsVb3Q==, figureFileBig=bzwJV2SkdbF4rkgfDAsAOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695287926735210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Path analysis of breaking through "Valley of Death" of bottleneck technology innovation, figureFileSmall=KiwJk1mat/ty5vbPlvZlPA==, figureFileBig=Jmdi5KRLf2tf0ca9X/37+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695288027398507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
突破“卡脖子”技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径解析 资料来源:由作者整理绘制。
, figureFileSmall=KiwJk1mat/ty5vbPlvZlPA==, figureFileBig=Jmdi5KRLf2tf0ca9X/37+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695288123867500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Features and comparison of the two types of key core technologies
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| “卡脖子”技术 | “杀手锏”技术 |
| 战略地位 | 保障产业技术安全,实现产业自主可控 | 引领产业技术发展,具有战略威慑性质 |
| 竞争地位 | “人有我无,人强我弱”的被动地位 | “人无我有,人有我优”的主动地位 |
| 技术轨迹 | 持续改进性,具有明确的技术目标 | 开创性和突破性,伴随着新方向、新技术和新方法 |
| 技术壁垒 | 高,既有技术壁垒难以打破 | 高,前沿基础研究不确定性强 |
| 创新模式 | 通常基于“二次创新”为主导的外源式创新 | 通常基于“一次创新”为主导的内源式创新 |
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288207753581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
两类关键核心技术的特征与比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| “卡脖子”技术 | “杀手锏”技术 |
| 战略地位 | 保障产业技术安全,实现产业自主可控 | 引领产业技术发展,具有战略威慑性质 |
| 竞争地位 | “人有我无,人强我弱”的被动地位 | “人无我有,人有我优”的主动地位 |
| 技术轨迹 | 持续改进性,具有明确的技术目标 | 开创性和突破性,伴随着新方向、新技术和新方法 |
| 技术壁垒 | 高,既有技术壁垒难以打破 | 高,前沿基础研究不确定性强 |
| 创新模式 | 通常基于“二次创新”为主导的外源式创新 | 通常基于“一次创新”为主导的内源式创新 |
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288291639662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Three types of "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 创新链断点环节 | 三类“死亡之谷” | “卡脖子”技术挑战 | “杀手锏”技术挑战 |
| 从基础研究到应用开发 | 技术形成“死亡之谷” | 后发“冷启动”悖论 | 基础研究连续性不足 |
| 从应用开发到产品化 | 技术转化“死亡之谷” | 应用转化缺失“关键秘诀” | 多元主体存在目标分歧 |
| 从产品化到规模化 | 技术推广“死亡之谷” | 规模化发展难 | 商业模式创新失败 |
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288379720047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
关键核心技术创新的三类“死亡之谷”
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 创新链断点环节 | 三类“死亡之谷” | “卡脖子”技术挑战 | “杀手锏”技术挑战 |
| 从基础研究到应用开发 | 技术形成“死亡之谷” | 后发“冷启动”悖论 | 基础研究连续性不足 |
| 从应用开发到产品化 | 技术转化“死亡之谷” | 应用转化缺失“关键秘诀” | 多元主体存在目标分歧 |
| 从产品化到规模化 | 技术推广“死亡之谷” | 规模化发展难 | 商业模式创新失败 |
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