Article(id=1316695282595774788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=1731513600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854218385, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854218385, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854218385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854218385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=129, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316695282948096325, articleId=1316695282595774788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=The path mechanism for breaking through the "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accelerating the construction of independent innovation capabilities in core technologies is an imperative requirement in the new context of international scientific and technological competition. Against this backdrop, China's innovation policy planning must transcend the traditional logic of follower catch-up and shift towards a technological strategic perspective of beyond catch-up. It is essential to balance the breakthrough of bottleneck technologies and the forward-looking layout of killer technologies, focusing not only on the autonomy and control of current key industries but also on shaping future technological competitive advantages.

Focusing on the strategic layout of national innovation policy, this study defining and discussing the scientific connotations and development patterns of killer technologies from the perspective of beyond catch-up, and emphasizes the strategic significance of killer technologies in international competition, which compensates for the bias of existing research that predominantly emphasize bottleneck technologies. Killer technologies refer to "asymmetrical technologies" mastered by technological entities at the high end of the innovation chain, which are difficult for other entities to imitate and surpass. Killer technologies are primary innovation outcomes formed within an endogenous innovation chain, fundamentally different from bottleneck technologies that rely on external sources of innovation. In the process of breaking through bottleneck technologies, latecomers who improve and expand within existing technological paradigms and tracks are prone to falling into the "catch-up trap" of continuous catching up and continuous falling behind.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the "valley of death" phenomenon in key core technology innovation. On the basis of summarizing and sorting out the patterns of innovation transformation chains for two types of key core technology, the study analyzes the three major innovation breakpoints and constraints of innovation achievement transformation from basic research to application development, to productization, and then to scaling up, which supplements the previous research's insufficient attention to the breakpoints of upstream technology acquisition and downstream technology promotion. The main challenges faced by killer technologies at the stages of technology acquisition, transformation, and promotion are the insufficiency of continuous basic research, goal divergence among multiple entities, and the failure of business model innovation. Bottleneck technologies face the "cold start" paradox of latecomers, the lack of "know-how" in application transformation, and the difficulty of scaling up development at three stages.

Breakthroughs in key core technologies typically require multiple entities to collaborate in complex innovation networks. Focusing on the three types of "valley of death" faced by the two categories of key core technologies, this study systematically elaborates the breakthrough path mechanisms for killer technologies and bottleneck technologies based on the "capability enhancement - resource allocation - institutional environment" logical framework, aiming to provide new theoretical perspectives and practical guidance for China's innovation policy layout. Capacity building of entities is key to breakthroughs in key core technologies, the optimization of resource allocation aims to enhance the entity capabilities, and reasonable and effective institutional arrangements support and safeguard the effective allocation of resources. These three types of innovation breakthrough elements interact and collaborate effectively in the process of breaking through key core technologies.

, authors=Xiao-bo WU, Yi-yue SHAO, Fu-xin LIN, authorsList=Xiao-bo WU, Yi-yue SHAO, Fu-xin LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fu-xin LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316695283728236874, articleId=1316695282595774788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=突破关键核心技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径机制, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

加快建设关键核心技术自主创新能力是国际科技竞争新形势下的必然要求。本研究首先着眼于国家创新政策战略布局,从超越追赶视角对“杀手锏”技术的科学内涵与发展规律进行了定义与论述,弥补了既有研究偏重于“卡脖子”技术的视角缺陷。“杀手锏”技术指技术主体在创新链高级端掌握的、难以被其他主体模仿和超越的“非对称性技术”,是形成于内源式创新链的“一次创新”成果,与依赖外部创新源的“卡脖子”技术有根本差异。其次,通过对两类关键核心技术创新转化链式过程的规律总结与梳理,本研究解析了从基础研究到应用开发、到产品化、再到规模化的三大创新成果转化断点问题与制约因素,即技术形成、技术转化及技术推广“死亡之谷”挑战。最后,关键核心技术的突破通常需要多元主体在复杂的创新网络中协同攻关,本文针对两类关键核心技术面临的三类“死亡之谷”,基于“能力-资源-制度”的逻辑框架,系统性阐述了“杀手锏”技术和“卡脖子”技术的突破路径机制。

, authors=吴晓波, 邵贻玥, 林福鑫, authorsList=吴晓波, 邵贻玥, 林福鑫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=林福鑫, authorNote=

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

, correspAuthorsNote=
林福鑫(1999-),男,博士研究生, E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kGwVoNAKXJa/8/RMfoYRiw==, magXml=d8NqW+hvHm4KReytasc7BA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qIW1M9XJRKCdmhlj+AIr6w==, pdfFileSize=8431342, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=bzwJV2SkdbF4rkgfDAsAOw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Ww3qIFaPKfTeCp7yYsXfZw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1316695284139278671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284260913489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284139278671, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-bo WU, firstName=Xiao-bo, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284407714130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284139278671, language=CN, stringName=吴晓波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio={"content":"

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])]), Author(id=1316695284479017301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284579680599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284479017301, language=EN, stringName=Yi-yue SHAO, firstName=Yi-yue, middleName=null, lastName=SHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286236430680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284479017301, language=CN, stringName=邵贻玥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio={"content":"

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])]), Author(id=1316695286379037018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=linfx@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286509060444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695286379037018, language=EN, stringName=Fu-xin LIN, firstName=Fu-xin, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286584557917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695286379037018, language=CN, stringName=林福鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1316695286681026910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=key core technologies), Keyword(id=1316695286752330079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=killer technologies), Keyword(id=1316695286848799072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=bottleneck technologies), Keyword(id=1316695286924296545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=valley of death), Keyword(id=1316695286991405410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=beyond catch-up), Keyword(id=1316695287058514275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=关键核心技术), Keyword(id=1316695287117234532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=“杀手锏”技术), Keyword(id=1316695287192732005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=“卡脖子”技术), Keyword(id=1316695287259840870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=“死亡之谷”), Keyword(id=1316695287352115559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=超越追赶)], refs=[Reference(id=1316695288673321329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=21, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=冯堃, 李显君, 熊昱, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯堃, 李显君, 熊昱, 等. 关键核心技术研究综述:概念、结构、突破路径与机制[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(12):21-30., articleTitle=关键核心技术研究综述:概念、结构、突破路径与机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695288740430194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=21, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Feng K, Li X J, Xiong Y, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng K, Li X J, Xiong Y, et al. A review of key core technologies: Concept, structure, breakthrough path and mechanism[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(12):21-30., articleTitle=A review of key core technologies: Concept, structure, breakthrough path and mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695288841093491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=吴晓波, 林福鑫, 李思涵, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴晓波, 林福鑫, 李思涵, 等. 超越追赶视角下新型国家创新体系的构建[J]. 科研管理, 2024, 45(1):1-12., articleTitle=超越追赶视角下新型国家创新体系的构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695288971116916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wu X B, Lin F X, Li S H, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu X B, Lin F X, Li S H, et al. Construction of China's new national innovation system from the perspective of beyond catch-up[J]. Science Research Management, 2024, 45(1):1-12., articleTitle=Construction of China's new national innovation system from the perspective of beyond catch-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695289075974517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=31, issue=24, pageStart=157, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=温兴琦, 李燕萍, journalName=科技进步与对策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=温兴琦, 李燕萍. 创新链条裂缝的表现、成因及接续路径研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2014, 31(24):157-160., articleTitle=创新链条裂缝的表现、成因及接续路径研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695290774667638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=31, issue=24, pageStart=157, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Wen X Q, Li Y P, journalName=Science & Technology Progress and Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wen X Q, Li Y P. Research on the manifestation, cause and path of innovation chain crack[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2014, 31(24):157-160., articleTitle=Research on the manifestation, cause and path of innovation chain crack, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695290883719543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=10, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=郑思佳, 汪雪锋, 刘玉琴, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑思佳, 汪雪锋, 刘玉琴, 等. 关键核心技术竞争态势评估研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(10):1-10., articleTitle=关键核心技术竞争态势评估研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695290963411320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=10, pageStart=1, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Zheng S J, Wang X F, Liu Y Q, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng S J, Wang X F, Liu Y Q, et al. A research on evaluation of the competitive situation of key core technologies[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(10):1-10., articleTitle=A research on evaluation of the competitive situation of key core technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291047297401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=4, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=胡旭博, 原长弘, journalName=科学学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡旭博, 原长弘. 关键核心技术:概念、特征与突破因素[J]. 科学学研究, 2022, 40(1):4-11., articleTitle=关键核心技术:概念、特征与突破因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291139572090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=4, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Hu X B, Yuan C H, journalName=Studies in Science of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu X B, Yuan C H. Key part of core technology: Concept, characters and breakthrough factors[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022, 40(1):4-11., articleTitle=Key part of core technology: Concept, characters and breakthrough factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291202486651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=4, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=宋娟, 谭劲松, 王可欣, journalName=南开管理评论, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋娟, 谭劲松, 王可欣, 等. 创新生态系统视角下核心企业突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”--以中国高速列车牵引系统为例[J]. 南开管理评论, 2023, 26(5):4-17., articleTitle=创新生态系统视角下核心企业突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”--以中国高速列车牵引系统为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291273789820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=5, pageStart=4, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Song J, Tan J S, Wang K X, journalName=Nankai Business Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song J, Tan J S, Wang K X, et al. Removing bottlenecks in critical core technologies from the perspective of innovation ecosystem: A case study of China’s high-speed train traction system[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2023, 26(5):4-17., articleTitle=Removing bottlenecks in critical core technologies from the perspective of innovation ecosystem: A case study of China’s high-speed train traction system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291357675901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=339, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=余江, 陈凤, 张越, journalName=中国科学院院刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余江, 陈凤, 张越 等. 铸造强国重器:关键核心技术突破的规律探索与体系构建[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(3):339-343., articleTitle=铸造强国重器:关键核心技术突破的规律探索与体系构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291441561982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=339, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Yu J, Chen F, Zhang Y, journalName=Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu J, Chen F, Zhang Y, et al. Forging pillars of scientific and technological power: Mechanism exploration and system construction for breakthrough of core and key technologies[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(3):339-343., articleTitle=Forging pillars of scientific and technological power: Mechanism exploration and system construction for breakthrough of core and key technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291550613887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=5, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=陈劲, 阳镇, 朱子钦, journalName=改革, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈劲, 阳镇, 朱子钦. “十四五”时期“卡脖子”技术的破解:识别框架、战略转向与突破路径[J]. 改革, 2020(12):5-15., articleTitle=“十四五”时期“卡脖子”技术的破解:识别框架、战略转向与突破路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291651277184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=5, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Chen J, Yang Z, Zhu Z Q, journalName=Reform, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen J, Yang Z, Zhu Z Q. The solution of "neck sticking" technology during the 14th five-year plan period: Identification framework, strategic change and breakthrough path[J]. Reform, 2020(12):5-15., articleTitle=The solution of "neck sticking" technology during the 14th five-year plan period: Identification framework, strategic change and breakthrough path, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291756134786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=汤志伟, 李昱璇, 张龙鹏, journalName=科技进步与对策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤志伟, 李昱璇, 张龙鹏. 中美贸易摩擦背景下“卡脖子”技术识别方法与突破路径--以电子信息产业为例[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2021, 38(1):1-9., articleTitle=中美贸易摩擦背景下“卡脖子”技术识别方法与突破路径--以电子信息产业为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695291844215171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Tang Z W, Li Y X, Zhang L P, journalName=Science & Technology Progress and Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Z W, Li Y X, Zhang L P. Identification method and breakthrough path of "neck jamming" technologies under the background of Sino-US trade friction: A case of the electronic information industry[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2021, 38(1):1-9., articleTitle=Identification method and breakthrough path of "neck jamming" technologies under the background of Sino-US trade friction: A case of the electronic information industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292003598724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=1191, pageEnd=2000, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=宋立丰, 区钰贤, 王静, journalName=科学学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋立丰, 区钰贤, 王静, 等. 基于重大科技工程的“卡脖子”技术突破机制研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2022, 40(11):1191-2000., articleTitle=基于重大科技工程的“卡脖子”技术突破机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292066513285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=1191, pageEnd=2000, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Song L F, Qu Y X, Wang J, journalName=Studies in Science of Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song L F, Qu Y X, Wang J, et al. Research on the breakthrough mechanism of "stuck necking" technology based on major scientific and technological projects[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022, 40(11):1191-2000., articleTitle=Research on the breakthrough mechanism of "stuck necking" technology based on major scientific and technological projects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292162982278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=14, pageStart=85, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=王瑞琪, 原长弘, journalName=科技管理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王瑞琪, 原长弘. 制造业领军企业关键核心技术突破因素--基于8家中国制造业500强企业的多案例研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 2022, 42(14):85-93., articleTitle=制造业领军企业关键核心技术突破因素--基于8家中国制造业500强企业的多案例研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292217508231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=14, pageStart=85, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Wang R Q, Yuan C H, journalName=Science and Technology Management Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang R Q, Yuan C H. Breakthrough factors of key core technologies of manufacturing leaders: Based on multiple case studies of 8 of China's top 500 manufacturing enterprises[J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2022, 42(14):85-93., articleTitle=Breakthrough factors of key core technologies of manufacturing leaders: Based on multiple case studies of 8 of China's top 500 manufacturing enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292393669000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=151, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=吴晓波, 付亚男, 吴东, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴晓波, 付亚男, 吴东, 等. 后发企业如何从追赶到超越?--基于机会窗口视角的双案例纵向对比分析[J]. 管理世界, 2019, 35(2):151-167,200., articleTitle=后发企业如何从追赶到超越?--基于机会窗口视角的双案例纵向对比分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292490137993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=151, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Wu X B, Fu Y N, Wu D, journalName=Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu X B, Fu Y N, Wu D, et al. How do latecomers transform from catch-up to beyond catch-up?A longitudinal comparative analysis of two cases based on window of opportunity perspective[J]. Management World, 2019, 35(2):151-167,200., articleTitle=How do latecomers transform from catch-up to beyond catch-up?A longitudinal comparative analysis of two cases based on window of opportunity perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292787933578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=86, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=吴晓波, 吴东, journalName=中国经济学人, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴晓波, 吴东. 中国创新驱动的演化:从追赶到超越追赶[J]. 中国经济学人, 2023, 18(4):86-114., articleTitle=中国创新驱动的演化:从追赶到超越追赶, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292863431051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=4, pageStart=86, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Wu X B, Wu D, journalName=China Economist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu X B, Wu D. Innovation-driven development in China: Catch-up and beyond[J]. China Economist, 2023, 18(4):86-114., articleTitle=Innovation-driven development in China: Catch-up and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695292968288652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=45, pageStart=3, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=刘立, 刘磊, journalName=国家治理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘立, 刘磊. 实施“非对称”赶超战略突破“卡脖子”技术[J]. 国家治理, 2020(45):3-8., articleTitle=实施“非对称”赶超战略突破“卡脖子”技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293215752589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=45, pageStart=3, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Liu L, Liu L, journalName=Governance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu L, Liu L. Implement the "asymmetric" catch-up strategy to break through the "stuck neck" technology[J]. Governance, 2020(45):3-8., articleTitle=Implement the "asymmetric" catch-up strategy to break through the "stuck neck" technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293282861454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=45, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=白暴力, 王国成, journalName=国家治理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白暴力, 王国成. 锻造“杀手锏”技术与突破“卡脖子”技术应坚持的原则[J]. 国家治理, 2020(45):35-38., articleTitle=锻造“杀手锏”技术与突破“卡脖子”技术应坚持的原则, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293354164623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=45, pageStart=35, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Bai B L, Wang G C, journalName=Governance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bai B L, Wang G C. Forging "killer" technology and breaking through "bottleneck" technology should adhere to the principle[J]. Governance, 2020(45):35-38., articleTitle=Forging "killer" technology and breaking through "bottleneck" technology should adhere to the principle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293417079184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=Z2, pageStart=14, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=肖广岭, journalName=国家治理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖广岭. 突破“卡脖子”技术与锻造“杀手锏”技术需要战略眼光和系统思维[J]. 国家治理, 2021(Z2):14-17., articleTitle=突破“卡脖子”技术与锻造“杀手锏”技术需要战略眼光和系统思维, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293479993745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=Z2, pageStart=14, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Xiao G L., journalName=Governance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao G L. Breaking through the "bottleneck" technologies and forging the "killer" technologies requires strategic vision and systematic thinking[J]. Governance, 2021(Z2):14-17., articleTitle=Breaking through the "bottleneck" technologies and forging the "killer" technologies requires strategic vision and systematic thinking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695293630988690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=135, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=彭新敏, 吴晓波, 吴东, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭新敏, 吴晓波, 吴东. 核心技术、互补资产与后发企业的超越追赶[J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(7):135-143., articleTitle=核心技术、互补资产与后发企业的超越追赶, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295287738771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=135, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Peng X M, Wu X B, Wu D, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng X M, Wu X B, Wu D. Core technology, complementary assets and beyond catch-up for latecomer firm[J]. Science Research Management, 2022, 43(7):135-143., articleTitle=Core technology, complementary assets and beyond catch-up for latecomer firm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295413567892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=37, issue=6-7, pageStart=961, pageEnd=977, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Roper S, Du J, Love J H, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roper S, Du J, Love J H. Modeling the innovation value chain[J]. Research Policy, 2008, 37(6-7):961-977., articleTitle=Modeling the innovation value chain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295510036885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=85, issue=6, pageStart=121, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Hansen M T, Birkinshaw J, journalName=Harvard Business Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hansen M T, Birkinshaw J. The innovation value chain[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2007, 85(6):121., articleTitle=The innovation value chain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295593922966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Bamfield P, journalName=The Innovation Chain, Research and Development in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bamfield P. The Innovation Chain, Research and Development in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry[M].Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA, 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295791055255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=许庆瑞, journalName=研究与发展管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许庆瑞. 研究与发展管理[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295883329944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Xu Q R., journalName=Research and Development Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Q R. Research and Development Management[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695295983993241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=102160, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Dean T, Zhang H S, Xiao Y Z, journalName=Technovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dean T, Zhang H S, Xiao Y Z. The role of complexity in the Valley of Death and radical innovation performance[J]. Technovation, 2020:102160., articleTitle=The role of complexity in the Valley of Death and radical innovation performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296063685018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=138, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=方放, 王道平, 张志东, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方放, 王道平, 张志东. 跨越低碳技术“死亡之谷”公共部门与私有部门投资者协同创新研究--基于信息不对称视角[J]. 中国软科学, 2016(1):138-145., articleTitle=跨越低碳技术“死亡之谷”公共部门与私有部门投资者协同创新研究--基于信息不对称视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296172736923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=138, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Fang F, Wang D P, Zhang Z D, journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang F, Wang D P, Zhang Z D. Research on collaborative innovation between public sector and private sector investors to cross the"Valley of Death"of low carbon technology: The perspective of information asymmetry[J]. China Soft Science, 2016(1):138-145., articleTitle=Research on collaborative innovation between public sector and private sector investors to cross the"Valley of Death"of low carbon technology: The perspective of information asymmetry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296281788828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=余维新, 熊文明, journalName=技术经济与管理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余维新, 熊文明. 关键核心技术军民融合协同创新机理及协同机制研究--基于创新链视角[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2020(12):34-39., articleTitle=关键核心技术军民融合协同创新机理及协同机制研究--基于创新链视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296374063517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=34, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Yu W X, Xiong W M, journalName=Journal of Technical Economics & Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu W X, Xiong W M. Research on the effect and mechanism of military-civilian synergy innovation of key technology-From innovation chain perspective[J]. Journal of Technical Economics & Management, 2020(12):34-39., articleTitle=Research on the effect and mechanism of military-civilian synergy innovation of key technology-From innovation chain perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296512475550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=217, pageEnd=232, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Rindova V P, Petkova A P, journalName=Organization Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rindova V P, Petkova A P. When is a new thing a good thing? Technological change, product form design, and perceptions of value for product innovations[J]. Organization Science, 2007, 18(2):217-232., articleTitle=When is a new thing a good thing? Technological change, product form design, and perceptions of value for product innovations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296642498975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=8, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=45, authorNames=陈江, 张晓琴, journalName=科学管理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈江, 张晓琴. 颠覆性技术创新的成长过程、关键要素及基本逻辑[J]. 科学管理研究, 2021, 39(5):8-12., articleTitle=颠覆性技术创新的成长过程、关键要素及基本逻辑, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296722190752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=8, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Chen J, Zhang X Q, journalName=Scientific Management Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen J, Zhang X Q. The growth process, key elements and basic logic of disruptive technological innovation[J]. Scientific Management Research, 2021, 39(5):8-12., articleTitle=The growth process, key elements and basic logic of disruptive technological innovation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296801882529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=47, authorNames=许庆瑞, 蒋健, 郑刚, journalName=研究与发展管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许庆瑞, 蒋健, 郑刚. 各创新要素全面协同程度与企业特质的关系实证研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2005, 17(3):16-21., articleTitle=各创新要素全面协同程度与企业特质的关系实证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296868991394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=16, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Xu Q R, Jiang J, Zheng G, journalName=R&D Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Q R, Jiang J, Zheng G. Empirical study on the relation between total synergy degree of the innovation elements and the enterprise features[J]. R&D Management, 2005, 17(3):16-21., articleTitle=Empirical study on the relation between total synergy degree of the innovation elements and the enterprise features, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695296948683171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=135, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=49, authorNames=许庆瑞, 郑刚, 陈劲, journalName=管理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许庆瑞, 郑刚, 陈劲. 全面创新管理:创新管理新范式初探--理论溯源与框架[J]. 管理学报, 2006(2):135-142., articleTitle=全面创新管理:创新管理新范式初探--理论溯源与框架, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297028374948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=135, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Xu Q R, Zheng G, Chen J, journalName=Chinese Journal of Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Q R, Zheng G, Chen J. Theoretical trace and framework of overall innovation management[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2006(2):135-142., articleTitle=Theoretical trace and framework of overall innovation management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297108066725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=51, issue=11, pageStart=125, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=51, authorNames=吴超鹏, 唐菂, journalName=经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴超鹏, 唐菂. 知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效--来自中国上市公司的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2016, 51(11):125-139., articleTitle=知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效--来自中国上市公司的证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297175175590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=51, issue=11, pageStart=125, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Wu C P, Tang D, journalName=Economic Research Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu C P, Tang D. Intellectual property rights enforcement, corporate innovation and operating performance: Evidence from China's listed companies[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016, 51(11):125-139., articleTitle=Intellectual property rights enforcement, corporate innovation and operating performance: Evidence from China's listed companies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297254867367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=109, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=马松尧, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马松尧. 科技中介在国家创新系统中的功能及其体系构建[J]. 中国软科学, 2004(1):109-113,120., articleTitle=科技中介在国家创新系统中的功能及其体系构建, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297342947752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=109, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Ma S Y., journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma S Y. A research on the functions of intermediary service of science and technology in national innovation system and the construction of the organization system[J]. China Soft Science, 2004(1):109-113,120., articleTitle=A research on the functions of intermediary service of science and technology in national innovation system and the construction of the organization system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297414250921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=4, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=55, authorNames=辜胜阻, 庄芹芹, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=辜胜阻, 庄芹芹. 资本市场功能视角下的企业创新发展研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2016(11):4-13., articleTitle=资本市场功能视角下的企业创新发展研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297489748394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=4, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Gu S Z, Zhuang Q Q, journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu S Z, Zhuang Q Q. Research on enterprise innovation from the perspective of capital market functions[J]. China Soft Science, 2016(11):4-13., articleTitle=Research on enterprise innovation from the perspective of capital market functions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297636549035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=80, issue=8, pageStart=1513, pageEnd=1522, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Borrás S, Edquist C, journalName=Technological Forecasting & Social change, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Borrás S, Edquist C. The choice of innovation policy instruments[J]. Technological Forecasting & Social change, 2013, 80(8):1513-1522., articleTitle=The choice of innovation policy instruments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297737212332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=45, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=58, authorNames=李晓华, journalName=经济纵横, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓华. 技术推动、需求拉动与未来产业的选择[J]. 经济纵横, 2022(11):45-54., articleTitle=技术推动、需求拉动与未来产业的选择, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297871430061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=45, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Li X H., journalName=Economic Review Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X H. Technology push, demand pull and the selection of the future industries[J]. Economic Review Journal, 2022(11):45-54., articleTitle=Technology push, demand pull and the selection of the future industries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695297967899054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=112, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=60, authorNames=杏稼龙, 吴福象, journalName=研究与发展管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杏稼龙, 吴福象. 商业模式创新赋能企业关键核心技术突破:内在机制与经验证据[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2023, 35(6):112-124., articleTitle=商业模式创新赋能企业关键核心技术突破:内在机制与经验证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695299624649135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=112, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Xing J L, Wu F X, journalName=R&D Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xing J L, Wu F X. Business model innovation empowers key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises: Intrinsic mechanisms and empirical evidence[J]. R&D Management, 2023, 35(6):112-124., articleTitle=Business model innovation empowers key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises: Intrinsic mechanisms and empirical evidence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695299767255472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=62, authorNames=刘云, 郭栋, 黄祖广, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘云, 郭栋, 黄祖广. 我国高档数控机床技术追赶的特征、机制与发展策略--基于复杂产品系统的视角[J]. 管理世界, 2023, 39(3):140-158., articleTitle=我国高档数控机床技术追赶的特征、机制与发展策略--基于复杂产品系统的视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695299872113073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Liu Y, Guo D, Huang Z G, journalName=Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Guo D, Huang Z G. Characteristics, mechanism and development strategy of China's high-grade CNC machine tool technology catch-up: From the perspective of complex product system[J]. Management World, 2023, 39(3):140-158., articleTitle=Characteristics, mechanism and development strategy of China's high-grade CNC machine tool technology catch-up: From the perspective of complex product system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695299989553586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=64, authorNames=徐示波, 贾敬敦, 仲伟俊, journalName=中国科技论坛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐示波, 贾敬敦, 仲伟俊. 国家战略科技力量体系化研究[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2022(3):1-8., articleTitle=国家战略科技力量体系化研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300090216883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Xu S B, Jia J D, Zhong W J, journalName=Forum on Science and Technology in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu S B, Jia J D, Zhong W J. Research on the systematization of national strategic scientific and technological forces[J]. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2022(3):1-8., articleTitle=Research on the systematization of national strategic scientific and technological forces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300190880180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=66, authorNames=徐冠华, journalName=中国软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐冠华. 关于科研院所企业化转制的几个问题[J]. 中国软科学, 1999(7):1-5., articleTitle=关于科研院所企业化转制的几个问题, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300270571957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Xu G H., journalName=China Soft Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu G H. Some problems about the transformation of scientific research institutes into enterprises[J]. China Soft Science, 1999(7):1-5., articleTitle=Some problems about the transformation of scientific research institutes into enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300371235254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=153, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=68, authorNames=刘本盛, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘本盛. 关于国家创新体系建设的思考与建议[J]. 管理世界, 2007(8):153-154., articleTitle=关于国家创新体系建设的思考与建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300463509943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=153, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=69, authorNames=Liu B S, journalName=Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu B S. Thoughts and suggestions on the construction of national innovation system[J]. Management World, 2007(8):153-154., articleTitle=Thoughts and suggestions on the construction of national innovation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1316695300589339064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=36, issue=8, pageStart=1251, pageEnd=1260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Motohashi K, Yun X, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Motohashi K, Yun X. China's innovation system reform and growing industry and science linkages[J]. Research Policy, 2007, 36(8):1251-1260., articleTitle=China's innovation system reform and growing industry and science linkages, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1316695288543297904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, awardId=21&ZD131, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD131), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1316695287545053544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Path analysis of breaking through "Valley of Death" of killer technology innovation, figureFileSmall=N6gYxXYYQAreaEkkvsVb3Q==, figureFileBig=bzwJV2SkdbF4rkgfDAsAOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695287679271273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=图1, caption=突破“杀手锏”技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径解析

资料来源:由作者整理绘制。

, figureFileSmall=N6gYxXYYQAreaEkkvsVb3Q==, figureFileBig=bzwJV2SkdbF4rkgfDAsAOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695287926735210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Path analysis of breaking through "Valley of Death" of bottleneck technology innovation, figureFileSmall=KiwJk1mat/ty5vbPlvZlPA==, figureFileBig=Jmdi5KRLf2tf0ca9X/37+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695288027398507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=图2, caption=突破“卡脖子”技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径解析

资料来源:由作者整理绘制。

, figureFileSmall=KiwJk1mat/ty5vbPlvZlPA==, figureFileBig=Jmdi5KRLf2tf0ca9X/37+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1316695288123867500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Features and comparison of the two types of key core technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
“卡脖子”技术 “杀手锏”技术
战略地位 保障产业技术安全,实现产业自主可控 引领产业技术发展,具有战略威慑性质
竞争地位 “人有我无,人强我弱”的被动地位 “人无我有,人有我优”的主动地位
技术轨迹 持续改进性,具有明确的技术目标 开创性和突破性,伴随着新方向、新技术和新方法
技术壁垒 高,既有技术壁垒难以打破 高,前沿基础研究不确定性强
创新模式 通常基于“二次创新”为主导的外源式创新 通常基于“一次创新”为主导的内源式创新
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288207753581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两类关键核心技术的特征与比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
“卡脖子”技术 “杀手锏”技术
战略地位 保障产业技术安全,实现产业自主可控 引领产业技术发展,具有战略威慑性质
竞争地位 “人有我无,人强我弱”的被动地位 “人无我有,人有我优”的主动地位
技术轨迹 持续改进性,具有明确的技术目标 开创性和突破性,伴随着新方向、新技术和新方法
技术壁垒 高,既有技术壁垒难以打破 高,前沿基础研究不确定性强
创新模式 通常基于“二次创新”为主导的外源式创新 通常基于“一次创新”为主导的内源式创新
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288291639662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Three types of "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
创新链断点环节 三类“死亡之谷” “卡脖子”技术挑战 “杀手锏”技术挑战
从基础研究到应用开发 技术形成“死亡之谷” 后发“冷启动”悖论 基础研究连续性不足
从应用开发到产品化 技术转化“死亡之谷” 应用转化缺失“关键秘诀” 多元主体存在目标分歧
从产品化到规模化 技术推广“死亡之谷” 规模化发展难 商业模式创新失败
), ArticleFig(id=1316695288379720047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

关键核心技术创新的三类“死亡之谷”

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
创新链断点环节 三类“死亡之谷” “卡脖子”技术挑战 “杀手锏”技术挑战
从基础研究到应用开发 技术形成“死亡之谷” 后发“冷启动”悖论 基础研究连续性不足
从应用开发到产品化 技术转化“死亡之谷” 应用转化缺失“关键秘诀” 多元主体存在目标分歧
从产品化到规模化 技术推广“死亡之谷” 规模化发展难 商业模式创新失败
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1308396458388586594, delFlag=0, nameCn=科学学研究, nameEn=Studies in Science of Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-2053, eissn=null, cn=11-1805/G3, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Studies in Science of Science, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1789875624512, updatedTime=1789876606404, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, picEn=XwgD5UmFTEVSmdnCgvlDZQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1308400576836957147, language=CN, name=科学学研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789876606425, updatedTime=1789876606425, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1308400576883094492, language=EN, name=Studies in Science of Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789876606436, updatedTime=1789876606436, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/journalx_kxxyj/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1308397381743640680, websiteList=[Website(id=1308429426446848915, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1308397381743640680, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1789883484708, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789902368384, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学学研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科学学研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1308508734821851572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789902393298, updateTime=1789902393298, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734784102833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789902393289, updateTime=1789902393289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734872183223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393310, updateTime=1789902393310, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734771519920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=DFYjiBGwM+7bU4q3P0DayQ==, createTime=1789902393286, updateTime=1789902393286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734888960441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393314, updateTime=1789902393314, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734809268659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789902393295, updateTime=1789902393295, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734880571832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902393312, updateTime=1789902393312, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734796685746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789902393292, updateTime=1789902393292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734834434485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789902393301, updateTime=1789902393301, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508734851211702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426446848915, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789902393305, updateTime=1789902393305, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1308429426513957785, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1308397381743640680, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1789883484724, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1789902358215, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学学研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Studies in Science of Science, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1308508708242547113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789902386961, updateTime=1789902386961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708213186981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789902386954, updateTime=1789902386954, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708267712940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386967, updateTime=1789902386967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708200604068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=DFYjiBGwM+7bU4q3P0DayQ==, createTime=1789902386951, updateTime=1789902386951, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708280295854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386970, updateTime=1789902386970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708229964199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1789902386959, updateTime=1789902386959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708271907245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789902386968, updateTime=1789902386968, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708217381286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1789902386955, updateTime=1789902386955, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708246741418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789902386962, updateTime=1789902386962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1308508708259324331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1308429426513957785, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1789902386965, updateTime=1789902386965, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科学学研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://kxxyj.magtechjournal.com/kxxyj, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Studies in Science of Science, journalPhotoCn=f9wd5Gr2r/Af7TJ15O/VGg==, journalPhotoEn=XwgD5UmFTEVSmdnCgvlDZQ==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/Y2026/V44/I1/129, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/Y2026/V44/I1/129, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/PDF/Y2026/V44/I1/129, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/EN/PDF/Y2026/V44/I1/129, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1768406400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
突破关键核心技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径机制
收藏切换
PDF下载
吴晓波 , 邵贻玥 , 林福鑫
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(1): 129-140
收起
收藏切换
科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (1) : 129 -140
突破关键核心技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径机制
全屏
[Author(id=1316695284139278671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284260913489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284139278671, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-bo WU, firstName=Xiao-bo, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284407714130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284139278671, language=CN, stringName=吴晓波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio={"content":"

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])]), Author(id=1316695284479017301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695284579680599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284479017301, language=EN, stringName=Yi-yue SHAO, firstName=Yi-yue, middleName=null, lastName=SHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286236430680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695284479017301, language=CN, stringName=邵贻玥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio={"content":"

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])]), Author(id=1316695286379037018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=linfx@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286509060444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695286379037018, language=EN, stringName=Fu-xin LIN, firstName=Fu-xin, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1316695286584557917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, authorId=1316695286379037018, language=CN, stringName=林福鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1316695283975700811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283984089420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1316695283992478029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695282595774788, companyId=1316695283975700811, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058)])])]
吴晓波, 邵贻玥, 林福鑫
作者信息
  • 浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058
通讯作者:
林福鑫(1999-),男,博士研究生, E-mail:。
作者简介:

吴晓波(1960-),男,教授、博士生导师。

邵贻玥(2001-),女,博士研究生。

The path mechanism for breaking through the "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation
Xiao-bo WU, Yi-yue SHAO, Fu-xin LIN
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15
文章导航
收藏切换

加快建设关键核心技术自主创新能力是国际科技竞争新形势下的必然要求。本研究首先着眼于国家创新政策战略布局,从超越追赶视角对“杀手锏”技术的科学内涵与发展规律进行了定义与论述,弥补了既有研究偏重于“卡脖子”技术的视角缺陷。“杀手锏”技术指技术主体在创新链高级端掌握的、难以被其他主体模仿和超越的“非对称性技术”,是形成于内源式创新链的“一次创新”成果,与依赖外部创新源的“卡脖子”技术有根本差异。其次,通过对两类关键核心技术创新转化链式过程的规律总结与梳理,本研究解析了从基础研究到应用开发、到产品化、再到规模化的三大创新成果转化断点问题与制约因素,即技术形成、技术转化及技术推广“死亡之谷”挑战。最后,关键核心技术的突破通常需要多元主体在复杂的创新网络中协同攻关,本文针对两类关键核心技术面临的三类“死亡之谷”,基于“能力-资源-制度”的逻辑框架,系统性阐述了“杀手锏”技术和“卡脖子”技术的突破路径机制。

关键核心技术  /  “杀手锏”技术  /  “卡脖子”技术  /  “死亡之谷”  /  超越追赶

Accelerating the construction of independent innovation capabilities in core technologies is an imperative requirement in the new context of international scientific and technological competition. Against this backdrop, China's innovation policy planning must transcend the traditional logic of follower catch-up and shift towards a technological strategic perspective of beyond catch-up. It is essential to balance the breakthrough of bottleneck technologies and the forward-looking layout of killer technologies, focusing not only on the autonomy and control of current key industries but also on shaping future technological competitive advantages.

Focusing on the strategic layout of national innovation policy, this study defining and discussing the scientific connotations and development patterns of killer technologies from the perspective of beyond catch-up, and emphasizes the strategic significance of killer technologies in international competition, which compensates for the bias of existing research that predominantly emphasize bottleneck technologies. Killer technologies refer to "asymmetrical technologies" mastered by technological entities at the high end of the innovation chain, which are difficult for other entities to imitate and surpass. Killer technologies are primary innovation outcomes formed within an endogenous innovation chain, fundamentally different from bottleneck technologies that rely on external sources of innovation. In the process of breaking through bottleneck technologies, latecomers who improve and expand within existing technological paradigms and tracks are prone to falling into the "catch-up trap" of continuous catching up and continuous falling behind.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the "valley of death" phenomenon in key core technology innovation. On the basis of summarizing and sorting out the patterns of innovation transformation chains for two types of key core technology, the study analyzes the three major innovation breakpoints and constraints of innovation achievement transformation from basic research to application development, to productization, and then to scaling up, which supplements the previous research's insufficient attention to the breakpoints of upstream technology acquisition and downstream technology promotion. The main challenges faced by killer technologies at the stages of technology acquisition, transformation, and promotion are the insufficiency of continuous basic research, goal divergence among multiple entities, and the failure of business model innovation. Bottleneck technologies face the "cold start" paradox of latecomers, the lack of "know-how" in application transformation, and the difficulty of scaling up development at three stages.

Breakthroughs in key core technologies typically require multiple entities to collaborate in complex innovation networks. Focusing on the three types of "valley of death" faced by the two categories of key core technologies, this study systematically elaborates the breakthrough path mechanisms for killer technologies and bottleneck technologies based on the "capability enhancement - resource allocation - institutional environment" logical framework, aiming to provide new theoretical perspectives and practical guidance for China's innovation policy layout. Capacity building of entities is key to breakthroughs in key core technologies, the optimization of resource allocation aims to enhance the entity capabilities, and reasonable and effective institutional arrangements support and safeguard the effective allocation of resources. These three types of innovation breakthrough elements interact and collaborate effectively in the process of breaking through key core technologies.

key core technologies  /  killer technologies  /  bottleneck technologies  /  valley of death  /  beyond catch-up
吴晓波, 邵贻玥, 林福鑫. 突破关键核心技术创新“死亡之谷”的路径机制. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (1) : 129 -140 .
Xiao-bo WU, Yi-yue SHAO, Fu-xin LIN. The path mechanism for breaking through the "Valley of Death" of key core technology innovation[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (1) : 129 -140 .
当前,国际科技竞争格局正加速重构,掌握关键核心技术对于推动经济高质量发展、实现高水平科技自立自强具有重要意义。2018年4月以来,随着美国对我国发起一系列贸易战与科技封锁举措,外部创新环境发生急剧变化,旧有“两头在外”的创新链面临中断风险。2021年,美国推出《美国创新与竞争法案》,进一步加强了对关键核心技术的控制,以维持美国在全球科技竞争领域的领先地位和对华战略优势。于此,突破关键核心技术成为“十四五”规划中实现科技自立自强的重要部署和2035年远景目标“进入创新型国家前列”的关键一环。
在技术封锁的背景下,关键核心技术的内涵特征与影响因素等方面引起学术界的广泛讨论与研究,但焦点集中于特定产业面临紧迫战略困境下的“卡脖子”技术挑战[1]。“十四五”规划《纲要》实施中期评估报告显示,至2023年末,我国创新驱动发展战略深入实施,多项“卡脖子”技术被攻克并实现产业化。随着新一轮科技革命的深入发展以及全球竞争格局的深刻调整,我国正处于一个历史性的转折点,科技创新能力和产业升级正稳步攀升,国家的发展轨迹正从全球性大国向全球性强国转型。在此过程中,我国的创新政策设计不能局限于弥补现有技术差距的跟随式追赶逻辑,更应转向超越追赶视角下的技术战略视野[2],前瞻性地规划未来技术领域,构建形成未来产业竞争优势的“杀手锏”技术布局。
然而,关键核心技术创新的能力门槛高、资源需求大、技术不确定性强,且知识结构具有特殊性,其创新链运行容易产生系统性的负向偏离[3]。目前,我国论文数和科技人员数均位列世界第一,科技成果正处于快速增长期,但仍然有大量的科技创新成果无法跨越“死亡之谷”,未能转化为现实生产力,科技创新的价值尚未充分实现。虽然既有研究已经关注到技术创新链中的“死亡之谷”问题,但对涉及创新流转更多环节的关键核心技术突破挑战尚未有系统性解析。
鉴于此,本文首先基于超越追赶视角重新梳理关键核心技术的内涵与特征,并重点关注对“杀手锏”技术的科学定义与国家技术竞争布局的需求解构。其次,本文结合“死亡之谷”视角,探讨了由关键核心技术知识结构特殊性引起的创新链运转挑战及转化断点问题。最后,关键核心技术突破依赖于跨领域、跨环节的多元主体协作,本文针对各类“死亡之谷”提出两类关键核心技术的突破路径机制设计。
尽管学界对关键核心技术的定义、特征及其分类维度持有多元化的见解,但一般认为,关键核心技术指在特定历史时期的特定行业或领域处于核心地位并发挥关键作用的技术,是核心技术与关键技术融合构成的复合概念[4],具有外部性、复杂性与垄断性等基本特征[5]。
外部性指关键核心技术对其所在产业链上下游产生的辐射与拉动作用,这一特性体现了此类技术相较于普通技术的本质差异。具体而言,关键核心技术的突破性进展不仅能驱动产业结构的优化升级,引领行业迈向更高层次的发展阶段,还深度影响着经济体系的创新潜能与竞争力[5]。反之,当此类技术遭遇外部技术封锁时,其潜在的负面外部性尤为显著,可能引发产业链的安全隐患,制约产业自主发展能力,并对国家经济安全和长期发展潜力造成深远影响[6]。复杂性指关键核心技术的知识结构复杂度高,其研发过程是涉及多元主体协作与跨领域知识融合的复杂系统工程,具有长周期、高投入的特征[5]。垄断性指关键核心技术突破涉及大量基于创新实践积累的技术诀窍和具有保护性的专利,所需知识具有较强的缄默性和嵌入性,遭受封锁的领域和前沿基础研究难以在短时期进行知识显化[7]。三类基本特征的交织构成了关键核心技术创新过程中的一系列独特挑战与障碍。
关键核心技术既包括构成未来竞争力的新兴技术,也包括当前处于落后地位但对产业发展安全具有重大影响的成熟技术。现有文献偏重于聚焦后发情境下的“卡脖子”技术,着力于具体产业在特定技术范式内的关键核心技术突破与追赶路径探索[1]。
作为衡量国家间技术创新差距的关键标尺,“卡脖子”技术是在特定时期内与国际前沿水平存在显著落差且难以在短期内实现赶超的高新技术领域,关乎一国经济安全和经济体系自主可控[8]。在国际环境的复杂变局中,一旦面临关键核心领域的技术进口限制或出口禁令,将威胁到产业体系的安全运转,对一国经济社会发展的连续性和稳定性产生深远的负面影响[9]。在光刻机等关键核心技术面临“卡脖子”风险的背景下,关注此类研究具有应对紧迫现实挑战的突出实践价值。
“卡脖子”技术突破难的核心在于,先发者通常会围绕其主导的成熟技术范式建立基于专利等知识产权的技术壁垒,并通过占据产业链“微笑曲线”的优势地位获得高额回报,结合其既有的技术积累进行创新迭代,实现持续领先。在既有的技术范式和技术轨道上进行改良与拓展的后发者容易陷入持续追赶又持续落后的“追赶陷阱”,背后的原因在于外源式创新体系的自主创新能力不足,导致其始终处于吸收学习的后发地位和产业价值链中的劣势地位[2]。
围绕关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的突破路径,学界已经进行了较多有益探索。宋立丰等指出重大科技工程可以发挥举国体制优势,通过技术创新资源的高效配置、创新管理体系与研发机制的顺畅运行,实现关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的突破[10]。王瑞祺等通过对我国8家世界500强制造业企业“卡脖子”技术突破历程的分析,识别出企业创新战略、研发投入、研发积累、研发体系、技术人才、市场竞争以及政府支持的7个关键成功要素[11]。谭劲松等基于新旧技术范式和企业技术能力差异,将关键核心技术突破历程分为4个环节,即集成技术突破、子技术分支突破、子技术分支之间耦合适配和通过规模商用提高可靠性[6]。总体而言,现有研究主要聚焦从制度、企业、技术等层面解析“卡脖子”技术的突破路径,但对构成未来竞争优势的“杀手锏”技术突破路径仍缺乏进一步阐释。
当前,我国正处于新的范式转变期,传统的追赶模式在技术轨道与技术范式的快速变迁与不确定性更迭下面临多重挑战。在此背景下,基于中国的发展情境,创新主体在学习过程中摆脱并超越现有技术轨迹、谋求革命性创新发展的超越追赶模式应得到重视[12]。超越追赶是“技术范式”层面超越既定范式的追赶,而非“技术轨迹”层面的常规追赶[13]。
立足于中国式现代化道路的经验指引和超越追赶战略的科学参考[5],我国应积极谋划在技术发展路径与组合上的前瞻性布局,不仅要着力弥补现存技术鸿沟,更要超越现有追赶轨迹,在全球科技前沿领域实现引领与创新,从而确保我国在全球科技竞争与合作新格局中占据主动权与优势地位。具体而言,应协同推进突破“卡脖子”技术和锻造“杀手锏”技术,既要关注当前关键产业的自主可控,也要关注形成未来的科技竞争优势,主动引领全球科技发展趋势。然而,当前关于“杀手锏”技术的创新管理类研究仍较少,此概念的明确定义最早出现于国防科技领域的学术期刊,而后由《国家治理》杂志相关专栏于2020年集中讨论[14,16],但仍缺乏在创新管理及技术政策布局领域的系统性讨论,以下就此弥补相关理论空白。
“杀手锏”技术是指在创新链前端或高级端掌握的、难以被其他主体模仿和超越的前沿技术[14],其核心特征是非对称竞争下的战略威慑性,即,一旦本国停止向其他国家提供该类技术,可能会导致其他国家产业链与创新链断裂[15]。由此可见,“卡脖子”技术与“杀手锏”技术本质上是辩证的二元关系,掌握“杀手锏”技术的领先者将能推动产业升级至价值链的高端地位,具有国际竞争中的战略威慑性,并能在未来的技术竞争中占据“人无我有,人有我优”的主动地位,反之亦然。
从超越追赶的视角看,“杀手锏”技术与“卡脖子”技术之间存在着显著的差异,应进行创新体系的革新与升级以适应新技术布局的要求。“杀手锏”技术是对原有技术范式的突破与超越,侧重于“从无到有”的原创性研发,强调的是开创性与突破性进展,伴随着全新的研究方向、未有的技术体系及创新方法论的应用,其核心挑战在于基础研究的高不确定性及前沿探索的未知风险。鉴于此,“杀手锏”技术的推进往往依托以内源创新为主导的模式,强调自主创新的主体地位,力求通过大量原创性成果来引领技术范式和技术轨道的开拓、演化乃至变革,实现技术领域的主导权[17]。
“死亡之谷”(Valley of Death)概念最早由时任美国众议院科学委员会副委员长Ehlers在1998年的官方报告中正式提出,旨在阐述由于政府资助的基础研究与产业界资助的应用研发之间存在断裂,导致大量基础研究成果难以实现商业化的现象①(① Ehlers V. Unlocking our future: Toward a new national science policy[R].Committee on science, U.S.house of representatives one hundred fifth congress,1998.)。“死亡之谷”现象深刻揭示了创新链随技术演进不断拓展过程中固有的结构问题,即在复杂多变的创新成果转化环节中,频繁出现知识生产与应用的脱节,进而导致创新价值链条的连续性受损。关键核心技术的突破通常需要多元主体在复杂的创新网络中协同攻关,在技术成果转化过程的多个阶段中容易出现造成创新链断裂的“死亡之谷”。鉴于此,需要重新审视并解析创新链的基本构成逻辑,系统性地识别并分析其中的断点与瓶颈。
创新链是创新活动的基本组织模式,是以市场需求为导向,以基础研究为源头,多主体阶段性参与、功能节点不断演化的创新增值过程,也是知识的产生、转移和扩散的过程[18]。创新链具有明显的过程性特征,虽然现有文献在创新链的阶段划分上仍有争论,存在三阶段[19]、四阶段或五阶段等多种“阶段论”[20],但一般遵循以基础研究为起点、以商业化和规模化为终点的基本运行逻辑。参考许庆瑞的R&D过程模型[21],本文基于基础研究、应用开发、产品化和规模化的四阶段创新链模型展开后续分析。
Ehlers关注的“死亡之谷”概念聚焦于原始创新在应用开发到产品化阶段之间的技术转化失败现象,此现象背后映射的是美国为保持其全球科技前沿地位而对原始创新持续且深远的投入。
这种对原始创新的重视,与本文所强调的“杀手锏”技术对于国家创新竞争力的战略作用在本质上具有相似性。从应用开发到产品化的技术转化环节的断点问题凸显了上游侧重于理论探索的基础研究与下游侧重市场导向的应用研发之间显著的目标差异与协同不足②(② Murphy L M, Edwards P L. Bridging the Valley of Death: Transitioning from public to private sector financing[R].National renewable energy laboratory,2003.)。一方面,以企业为代表的创新主体需要承担技术可行性验证、市场需求快速变化等一系列不确定性风险[22],另一方面,技术研发、产品原型制作、市场测试、生产线建设等多个环节需要大量的持续性资金支持[23]。然而,不同主体目标不一致的矛盾在技术转化环节十分突出。基础研究环节的研究通常由政府部门推动,在相关技术研发布局时通常青睐具有长远颠覆性潜力的创新项目,旨在满足国家战略层面的需求。与之相反,下游产业部门则聚焦于快速响应市场消费者当前需求,偏好投资于商业模型已成熟、接近市场投放阶段的项目,追求低风险与利润最大化的平衡。因此,技术转化常常面临资金不足的困境,其背后原因在于风险共担与利益共享的创新协同体系尚不完善。
与“杀手锏”技术不同,“卡脖子”技术在技术转化环节面临的挑战主要在于外源式创新体系下的关键技术秘诀(Know-How)积累不足。既有研究较多关注如何促进上游创新主体的能力塑造与自主知识的形成,但较少关注下游技术应用的创造性转化过程。技术转化是知识元素重新组合的创新性活动,而非单纯的经济交易活动,不仅需要关注理论和知识本身,更需要掌握各类原理在工程实践中的应用技巧等隐性知识。这类知识是先发创新主体在长期产业实践过程中积累的解决特定问题的独特经验,具有较强的缄默性与专有性。因此,先发者的技术转化能力优势是创新竞争中不可忽视的一环。
现有文献已对技术转移阶段中的显性“死亡之谷”现象进行了广泛的探讨,并从多种角度深入分析了创新成果向实际应用转化的挑战。本文将进一步深化这一议题,通过系统性的整理与分析,剖析“上游成果转化难以下行”与“下游需求难以逆向驱动上游创新”的隐性“死亡之谷”问题,为理解这一复杂现象提供更为全面的视角。
从基础研究到应用开发的创新链断裂是技术形成“死亡之谷”,即基础研究的知识成果难以形成可进一步测试与验证的应用成果。
对“杀手锏”技术而言,上游基础研究通常为前沿领域的原创研究,不直接面向市场产生收入,通常由国家以研究项目的形式进行支持。然而,项目制存在资金不连续、研究目标固化等问题,导致基础研究可能由于失去资助在中途被放弃,或只能满足项目考核却无法长远发展,导致基础研究的创新成果未能在下游场景验证就已“夭折”。另外,下游产品开发环节的主体虽然能够接触到大量真实的创新需求,但在缺乏有效反馈机制、过于关注短期市场需求而忽视长期技术发展、产品更新迭代速度与上游不匹配的情况下,下游的创新需求和成果很难向上传递并用于指导未来研究方向,无法拉动上游创新成果的有效转化。此外,虽然基础研究具有跨行业适用的强基础性,但将基础知识成果转化为可利用的产业知识的过程环环相扣,需要经历复杂的转化流程,因而知识转移机制的缺失会导致创新链断裂。
对“卡脖子”技术而言,其独占性较强,先发者通常会围绕其既有知识成果构建专利“护城河”,后发者面临吸收能力弱且市场启动难的冷启动挑战。基于独占的技术资产,先发者可以凭借严密的技术保护获得长期的超额利润,因此后发者难以获取成熟技术,通常只能基于成熟产品的逆向工程和公开文档进行跟随式学习。因此,在技术基础较薄弱的情况下,后发者的卡脖子技术研发面临更加突出的自主研发周期长、难度大、资金高等问题,需要长期持续的高强度投入,还面临技术风险等不确定因素。在追赶难度高且创新收益并不能实现完全内生的情况下[24],“卡脖子”技术显著的外部性特征和对资源的高要求会抑制创新主体的研发投入意愿。
从产品化到规模化的创新链断裂是技术推广“死亡之谷”,即基础知识经过应用验证形成产品后却未能取得规模化的成功[25]。
对于“杀手锏”技术而言,前沿研究的创新成果从实验环境到实现最终商业化发展,并不完全取决于技术的先进性,由于缺乏有效的商业模式而遭受失败的案例并不少见。根据市场变化生成的第一批受众是新兴技术的拥簇者,但是对于研发机构来说,难以把握变化激烈的市场,只有在不断试探之下,才会逐渐明确新产品的适应空间以及发展途径[26],并通过有效的商业模式创新将其成功推向市场,进而带动产业链整体发展。
对于“卡脖子”技术而言,由于市面上已有成熟的产品与技术,加之自主研发的技术成熟度并未得到市场的充分验证,下游主体往往倾向于采用外购的成熟产品与技术服务以降低业务运行风险和财务业绩波动,导致大量技术突破投入高的“首台套”重大装备在试点应用中面临“冷启动”悖论挑战。同时,即使部分“卡脖子”技术能够实现初步的应用,但在扩大规模的过程中又会遇到新的挑战,如配套供应链的不完善等现实问题限制了自主技术成果的大规模推广和应用,也因此难以实现对产业整体升级的带动。
关键核心技术的推广与规模化发展离不开产业链上下游结合为其提供的从研发、生产到市场各个环节的支撑与保障,对产业链各环节的良性、畅通运行有较高要求。关键核心技术商业化过程的顺利与否不仅会影响到市场规模,而且由于其兼具技术属性与国家安全属性,更会影响国家经济安全与科技垄断地位。这种技术差距不是单一的技术问题,而是涉及整个产业链、供应链、服务链、价值链多个方面的综合性问题。因此,构建一套既能应对“卡脖子”技术挑战,又能培育“杀手锏”技术优势的内源式创新管理体系显得尤为重要。
关键核心技术面临的各类创新“死亡之谷”障碍,背后是基础研究支持不足、技术转化效率低、市场验证缺失等问题,使技术无法得到验证、知识无法高效流动、主体得不到市场支持,从而影响创新链的连贯性。因此,需要在解析关键核心技术创新断点问题的基础上,探究能够提升主体能力、优化资源配置和实现有效激励的突破路径,实现创新要素充分交流、整合与协同,系统性推进关键核心技术攻关。
创新要素是技术创新活动的基础,许庆瑞等认为其主要由三方面构成:一是大学、科研机构、企业等主体要素,包括主体能力、特征、动机等方面;二是知识信息、人才、资金等资源要素;三是内部软硬件创新环境、外部创新网络环境等环境要素[27,28]。关键核心技术的复杂性、系统性等特征对各创新主体提出了更高的能力要求,需要创新资源在跨层次多主体间充分流动以及保护创新、激励创新的制度环境持续优化。基于此,本文立足“能力提升-资源分配-制度环境”的逻辑,分析创新链上中下游的主体能力提升解决方案,政府干预和市场自由相结合的资源协调配置机制,以及提升创新参与动机与降低多主体协同过程中交易和协调成本的制度环境,探讨关键核心技术突破的实现路径。
关键核心技术突破的内在机理是各创新主体在制度环境的有效激励下获得相匹配的有效资源从而带动主体能力提升以达到突破目标的过程。总体而言,主体能力建设是关键核心技术突破的关键,资源分配优化以主体能力提升为目标,合理有效的制度安排是资源有效配置的支撑与保障,三类创新突破要素在关键核心技术突破过程中相互作用、有效协同。结合“杀手锏”技术面临的三大创新“死亡之谷”挑战,本文提出了“杀手锏”技术创新路径的整合性框架(见图1)。
“杀手锏”技术形成“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“基础研究连续性不足”,应着力提升基于长期战略的原始创新能力。基础研究连续性不足的核心约束是体系布局与技术信息处理能力不足。在能力提升上,一方面,应从顶层设计层面鼓励“战略型科学家”培养,增强对长期技术趋势的把握能力,避免短期目标的驱动导致研发停滞或转向。另一方面,应鼓励产学研创新主体主动提升技术信息整合能力,既包括跨学科合作和国际科研资源整合方面,也包括对创新成果应用的敏锐捕捉能力,注重从产业需求反向指导基础研究方向。从基础研究实践看,基础研究连续性不足的另一个关键抑制因素在于资源支持的连续性不足。在资源分配上,一方面,应探索多元化的资金支持方式,可通过建立长期基金或公共投资平台,确保基础研究在项目周期结束后依然能够获得持续的资源支持。此外,应鼓励跨行业、跨领域的资源整合,避免单一项目制资金来源的风险,使得基础研究的突破点能够更灵活地跨行业应用,推动创新成果的多元转化。在制度环境建设上,一方面,应建立更加灵活的科研项目评价和资助机制,突破传统的短期考核方式,更多地关注创新过程中的潜在价值和长期影响。另一方面,应在知识产权保护方面完善技术转移和创新成果应用的激励制度,明晰科研效益的归属问题,促进基础研究成果转化形成正反馈机制,进而激励科研院所、高等院校等主体持续投入[29]。
“杀手锏”技术转化“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“多元主体存在目标分歧”,应着力强化多元创新主体的协同能力。在能力提升上,一方面,可以通过构建多主体共同参与、利益共享的科研管理体系和集成高效的中介服务体系以降低信息差,提升对市场动向的掌控能力以及对技术转化的服务支撑能力[30]。另一方面,应鼓励基础研究机构、下游企业与高等院校等主体探索创新的合作模式,引导提升跨界协作能力,如通过跨界联合实验室、联合研究院或创新联盟等形式促使上游科研机构和下游企业在创新的早期阶段就开始深度合作。在资源分配上,由于基础研究和应用开发的目标差异,传统的单一主体资金支持方式往往导致资金链断裂。因此,应建立多元化的资金来源渠道,鼓励政府、企业、风投和社会资本共同参与[31]。在此基础上,可以探索建立“共担风险、共享收益”的资金配比机制,政府可在技术转化的初期阶段提供基础资金支持,企业和投资者则在技术原型制作和市场测试阶段进一步投入资金。这种“前期政府、后期市场”的资金配置模式可以有效平衡各主体的目标和风险,促进技术转化的持续推进。在制度环境建设上,一方面,应进一步优化政策工具的组合配置,通过综合运用宏观的财政政策、产业政策和微观的风险投资政策等工具,引导形成各主体目标一致的联合攻关机制[32],促进共创共享的“使命与利益共同体”的形成。另一方面,可以探索针对跨学科、跨行业的创新合作政策激励措施,对在技术转化环节中表现出色的企业给予税收优惠、补贴等支持,鼓励企业长期投入基础研究领域。
“杀手锏”技术推广“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“商业模式创新失败”,应在大量产业实践的基础上探索科技产品的产业化规律,重视用户需求响应,着力提升创新需求与研究成果市场化的匹配能力[7]。在能力提升上,研发机构和企业应重视跨领域人才的培养和引进,特别是在市场分析、商业策划和用户体验等方面的专业人才,开展充分的市场调研,避免单一的技术驱动模式,确保新兴技术与市场需求匹配的实现[33]。在资源分配上,针对商业模式的探索和验证阶段,可以通过设立创新基金、提供风险投资和技术转化奖励等形式提供专项资金或孵化支持,帮助企业进行市场试验和商业模式验证[34]。在制度环境建设上,要从创新成果的积极扩散、优先权获取、顾客锚定、声誉机制建立等方面解决创新扩散中产权界定不清晰的问题,优化市场导向的分配机制以激励各类企业、市场化支撑机构参与技术突破,建立知识产权保护制度和市场化分配机制相结合的激励治理体系,营建完善的法制和规范的市场环境以及包容的文化氛围。
基于前述分析,结合“卡脖子”技术面临的三大创新“死亡之谷”挑战,本文提出突破“卡脖子”技术路径的整合性框架(见图2)。
“卡脖子”技术形成“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“后发‘冷启动’悖论”,应着力提升创新主体的技术吸收和自主研发能力,破解追赶的启动困境。在能力提升上,一方面可以通过建设行业层面的知识库、完善培训体系、引进专家团队等方式,促进技术积累和差距缩短。另一方面,要关注技术积累体系建设,提升企业在高新技术领域的知识产权储备和开发能力,以应对先发者的专利壁垒。在资源分配上,一方面应发挥政策引导作用,合理配置公共资源,建立多层次、多渠道的融资机制,以满足高强度、长期研发项目的资金需求,促进创新资源向重大项目集聚[35]。另一方面,应注重激发以企业为代表的市场主体的创新活力,吸引更多的社会资本参与高新技术研发,分散技术风险,降低创新主体的资金压力。在制度环境建设上,一方面要鼓励发展风险投资,引导科技中介和金融机构等组织参与技术攻关,引导符合条件的国有科技型企业实行股权激励等措施。另一方面,要完善风险容忍机制,鼓励企业在高风险、高回报的前沿领域进行持续投入,营造崇尚创新、保护创新的创新环境。
“卡脖子”技术转化“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“应用转化缺失‘关键秘诀’”,应着力加强技术突破的方向引导,在科技创新和产业创新的融合中提高工程建设与应用能力[36]。在能力提升上,应加强对工程技术人员的培养,注重隐性知识的积累和传授,形成系统化的知识转移机制。同时,通过加强跨学科合作,推动技术研发与产业应用的高效衔接,促使理论知识在实践中的快速应用,帮助后发主体缩短技术转化周期。在资源分配上,应聚焦于技术应用阶段的支持。政府和相关机构应提供专项资金,鼓励企业进行技术转化的实验和工程化应用。同时,应建立开放式的创新平台和技术共享机制,降低后发者获取“关键秘诀”的成本,促进跨企业、跨行业的技术交流与合作,从而加快知识积累和转化进程。在制度环境建设上,探索建立专门针对隐性知识转移的激励措施,如设立技术传承奖项、提升工程师在创新过程中的话语权等,确保关键秘诀能够有效传递,逐步破解技术转化中的缄默性壁垒。此外,通过产业联盟、产学研合作等方式也可以加快以工程创新为主要模式的技术突破,形成技术充分交流、需求充分满足、资源充分投入的创新链正循环[37]。
“卡脖子”技术推广“死亡之谷”的核心挑战是“规模化发展难”,应着力围绕科技成果产业化构建有利于创新主体分工合作和互补资源协同的创新体系,提升技术扩散能力和规模量产能力。在能力提升上,提升下游应用主体的技术评估和适应能力是实现规模化推广的关键,一方面可以探索设立行业标准和测试认证机制,增强自主研发技术的可信度和成熟度验证,减少下游主体对新技术应用的顾虑。另一方面,应鼓励下游企业加强与技术研发企业的合作,联合进行技术试验和优化,以加速“首台套”技术的市场适应性。在资源分配上,要有效发挥政府在集中资源、组织动员等方面的优势,根据区域禀赋、行业结构等设计因地制宜、因产制宜的产学研协同创新中心,充分发挥创新中心的辐射作用,带动周边创新协作和引领产业革新[38]。同时,也应加大对试点应用的资金扶持力度,设立专项资金鼓励“首台套”重大装备的广泛应用和验证,并建立多方参与的风险分担机制,减轻企业在技术推广初期的财务压力。在制度环境方面,要统筹考虑创新基础设施的规划和管理,充分发挥信息技术的网络效应和平台效应,加速技术扩散进程并降低创新成本。同时,充分结合市场的选择作用和政府的宏观调控作用,以灵活的组合政策设计应对市场的不确定性,通过产业保护政策、技术补贴政策、购置补贴政策、政府采购等方式,战略性地创造制度的窗口,为技术突破提供机遇与空间[39]。
本文旨在超越经典追赶理论的范式,在对“杀手锏”技术的科学界定与“死亡之谷”现象的系统性分析基础上,深入探讨突破关键核心技术创新的路径机制,力求为我国创新驱动发展战略提供新的理论视角与实践指导。
首先,针对现有研究对“卡脖子”技术的显著聚焦,本文对“杀手锏”技术进行了明确的理论界定,强调了其在国际竞争中的战略意义。在迈向高质量发展的新阶段,仅关注弥补“卡脖子”技术的短板并不能充分应对国际环境的不确定性,培育“杀手锏”技术是增强国家技术竞争力与防范外部风险的关键。因此,国家创新政策的规划应当兼顾“卡脖子”技术的突破与“杀手锏”技术的前瞻布局,形成多层次、全链条的创新策略。
其次,本文对关键核心技术创新的“死亡之谷”现象进行了全面剖析,识别了从基础研究到商业化各环节的三大创新成果转化断点问题,补充了以往研究中对上游技术获取断点与下游技术推广断点关注不足的理论空白。同时,本文提出的“死亡之谷”框架不仅适用于“卡脖子”技术和“杀手锏”技术,更是旨在为解决普遍存在的技术转化难题提供新的理论参考框架,这对于理解及应对不同场景下的创新挑战具有普遍意义。
最后,本文基于对两类关键核心技术特征与挑战的深入解析,提出了突破创新“死亡之谷”的路径机制建议,强调在能力提升、资源分配、制度环境等方面的系统性整合。随着技术复杂度的不断提升与国家创新体系的持续升级,面向未来竞争的创新策略布局需要持续迭代优化,应注重政策的灵活性与适应性以应对科技发展的动态性和不确定性。
当前,我国正处于全球科技竞争舞台上角色升级的关键时期,创新政策不仅要解决当前“卡脖子”问题,更要前瞻布局“杀手锏”技术,形成“防”与“攻”相结合的动态平衡策略。这不仅关乎短期的技术安全与产业链稳定,更是关乎长远的科技自立自强与国际竞争力的提升。通过精准施策与持续投入,中国有望在新的科技革命与产业变革中抢占战略制高点,由全球大国迈向全球强国。
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD131)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
冯堃, 李显君, 熊昱, 等. 关键核心技术研究综述:概念、结构、突破路径与机制[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(12):21-30.
Feng K, Li X J, Xiong Y, et al. A review of key core technologies: Concept, structure, breakthrough path and mechanism[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(12):21-30.
[2]
吴晓波, 林福鑫, 李思涵, 等. 超越追赶视角下新型国家创新体系的构建[J]. 科研管理, 2024, 45(1):1-12.
Wu X B, Lin F X, Li S H, et al. Construction of China's new national innovation system from the perspective of beyond catch-up[J]. Science Research Management, 2024, 45(1):1-12.
[3]
温兴琦, 李燕萍. 创新链条裂缝的表现、成因及接续路径研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2014, 31(24):157-160.
Wen X Q, Li Y P. Research on the manifestation, cause and path of innovation chain crack[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2014, 31(24):157-160.
[4]
郑思佳, 汪雪锋, 刘玉琴, 等. 关键核心技术竞争态势评估研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(10):1-10.
Zheng S J, Wang X F, Liu Y Q, et al. A research on evaluation of the competitive situation of key core technologies[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(10):1-10.
[5]
胡旭博, 原长弘. 关键核心技术:概念、特征与突破因素[J]. 科学学研究, 2022, 40(1):4-11.
Hu X B, Yuan C H. Key part of core technology: Concept, characters and breakthrough factors[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022, 40(1):4-11.
[6]
宋娟, 谭劲松, 王可欣, 等. 创新生态系统视角下核心企业突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”--以中国高速列车牵引系统为例[J]. 南开管理评论, 2023, 26(5):4-17.
Song J, Tan J S, Wang K X, et al. Removing bottlenecks in critical core technologies from the perspective of innovation ecosystem: A case study of China’s high-speed train traction system[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2023, 26(5):4-17.
[7]
余江, 陈凤, 张越 等. 铸造强国重器:关键核心技术突破的规律探索与体系构建[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(3):339-343.
Yu J, Chen F, Zhang Y, et al. Forging pillars of scientific and technological power: Mechanism exploration and system construction for breakthrough of core and key technologies[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(3):339-343.
[8]
陈劲, 阳镇, 朱子钦. “十四五”时期“卡脖子”技术的破解:识别框架、战略转向与突破路径[J]. 改革, 2020(12):5-15.
Chen J, Yang Z, Zhu Z Q. The solution of "neck sticking" technology during the 14th five-year plan period: Identification framework, strategic change and breakthrough path[J]. Reform, 2020(12):5-15.
[9]
汤志伟, 李昱璇, 张龙鹏. 中美贸易摩擦背景下“卡脖子”技术识别方法与突破路径--以电子信息产业为例[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2021, 38(1):1-9.
Tang Z W, Li Y X, Zhang L P. Identification method and breakthrough path of "neck jamming" technologies under the background of Sino-US trade friction: A case of the electronic information industry[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2021, 38(1):1-9.
[10]
宋立丰, 区钰贤, 王静, 等. 基于重大科技工程的“卡脖子”技术突破机制研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2022, 40(11):1191-2000.
Song L F, Qu Y X, Wang J, et al. Research on the breakthrough mechanism of "stuck necking" technology based on major scientific and technological projects[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2022, 40(11):1191-2000.
[11]
王瑞琪, 原长弘. 制造业领军企业关键核心技术突破因素--基于8家中国制造业500强企业的多案例研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 2022, 42(14):85-93.
Wang R Q, Yuan C H. Breakthrough factors of key core technologies of manufacturing leaders: Based on multiple case studies of 8 of China's top 500 manufacturing enterprises[J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2022, 42(14):85-93.
[12]
吴晓波, 付亚男, 吴东, 等. 后发企业如何从追赶到超越?--基于机会窗口视角的双案例纵向对比分析[J]. 管理世界, 2019, 35(2):151-167,200.
Wu X B, Fu Y N, Wu D, et al. How do latecomers transform from catch-up to beyond catch-up?A longitudinal comparative analysis of two cases based on window of opportunity perspective[J]. Management World, 2019, 35(2):151-167,200.
[13]
吴晓波, 吴东. 中国创新驱动的演化:从追赶到超越追赶[J]. 中国经济学人, 2023, 18(4):86-114.
Wu X B, Wu D. Innovation-driven development in China: Catch-up and beyond[J]. China Economist, 2023, 18(4):86-114.
[14]
刘立, 刘磊. 实施“非对称”赶超战略突破“卡脖子”技术[J]. 国家治理, 2020(45):3-8.
Liu L, Liu L. Implement the "asymmetric" catch-up strategy to break through the "stuck neck" technology[J]. Governance, 2020(45):3-8.
[15]
白暴力, 王国成. 锻造“杀手锏”技术与突破“卡脖子”技术应坚持的原则[J]. 国家治理, 2020(45):35-38.
Bai B L, Wang G C. Forging "killer" technology and breaking through "bottleneck" technology should adhere to the principle[J]. Governance, 2020(45):35-38.
[16]
肖广岭. 突破“卡脖子”技术与锻造“杀手锏”技术需要战略眼光和系统思维[J]. 国家治理, 2021(Z2):14-17.
Xiao G L. Breaking through the "bottleneck" technologies and forging the "killer" technologies requires strategic vision and systematic thinking[J]. Governance, 2021(Z2):14-17.
[17]
彭新敏, 吴晓波, 吴东. 核心技术、互补资产与后发企业的超越追赶[J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(7):135-143.
Peng X M, Wu X B, Wu D. Core technology, complementary assets and beyond catch-up for latecomer firm[J]. Science Research Management, 2022, 43(7):135-143.
[18]
Roper S, Du J, Love J H. Modeling the innovation value chain[J]. Research Policy, 2008, 37(6-7):961-977.
[19]
Hansen M T, Birkinshaw J. The innovation value chain[J]. Harvard Business Review, 2007, 85(6):121.
[20]
Bamfield P. The Innovation Chain, Research and Development in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry[M].Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA, 2004.
[21]
许庆瑞. 研究与发展管理[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1986.
Xu Q R. Research and Development Management[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1986.
[22]
Dean T, Zhang H S, Xiao Y Z. The role of complexity in the Valley of Death and radical innovation performance[J]. Technovation, 2020:102160.
[23]
方放, 王道平, 张志东. 跨越低碳技术“死亡之谷”公共部门与私有部门投资者协同创新研究--基于信息不对称视角[J]. 中国软科学, 2016(1):138-145.
Fang F, Wang D P, Zhang Z D. Research on collaborative innovation between public sector and private sector investors to cross the"Valley of Death"of low carbon technology: The perspective of information asymmetry[J]. China Soft Science, 2016(1):138-145.
[24]
余维新, 熊文明. 关键核心技术军民融合协同创新机理及协同机制研究--基于创新链视角[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2020(12):34-39.
Yu W X, Xiong W M. Research on the effect and mechanism of military-civilian synergy innovation of key technology-From innovation chain perspective[J]. Journal of Technical Economics & Management, 2020(12):34-39.
[25]
Rindova V P, Petkova A P. When is a new thing a good thing? Technological change, product form design, and perceptions of value for product innovations[J]. Organization Science, 2007, 18(2):217-232.
[26]
陈江, 张晓琴. 颠覆性技术创新的成长过程、关键要素及基本逻辑[J]. 科学管理研究, 2021, 39(5):8-12.
Chen J, Zhang X Q. The growth process, key elements and basic logic of disruptive technological innovation[J]. Scientific Management Research, 2021, 39(5):8-12.
[27]
许庆瑞, 蒋健, 郑刚. 各创新要素全面协同程度与企业特质的关系实证研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2005, 17(3):16-21.
Xu Q R, Jiang J, Zheng G. Empirical study on the relation between total synergy degree of the innovation elements and the enterprise features[J]. R&D Management, 2005, 17(3):16-21.
[28]
许庆瑞, 郑刚, 陈劲. 全面创新管理:创新管理新范式初探--理论溯源与框架[J]. 管理学报, 2006(2):135-142.
Xu Q R, Zheng G, Chen J. Theoretical trace and framework of overall innovation management[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2006(2):135-142.
[29]
吴超鹏, 唐菂. 知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效--来自中国上市公司的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2016, 51(11):125-139.
Wu C P, Tang D. Intellectual property rights enforcement, corporate innovation and operating performance: Evidence from China's listed companies[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016, 51(11):125-139.
[30]
马松尧. 科技中介在国家创新系统中的功能及其体系构建[J]. 中国软科学, 2004(1):109-113,120.
Ma S Y. A research on the functions of intermediary service of science and technology in national innovation system and the construction of the organization system[J]. China Soft Science, 2004(1):109-113,120.
[31]
辜胜阻, 庄芹芹. 资本市场功能视角下的企业创新发展研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2016(11):4-13.
Gu S Z, Zhuang Q Q. Research on enterprise innovation from the perspective of capital market functions[J]. China Soft Science, 2016(11):4-13.
[32]
Borrás S, Edquist C. The choice of innovation policy instruments[J]. Technological Forecasting & Social change, 2013, 80(8):1513-1522.
[33]
李晓华. 技术推动、需求拉动与未来产业的选择[J]. 经济纵横, 2022(11):45-54.
Li X H. Technology push, demand pull and the selection of the future industries[J]. Economic Review Journal, 2022(11):45-54.
[34]
杏稼龙, 吴福象. 商业模式创新赋能企业关键核心技术突破:内在机制与经验证据[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2023, 35(6):112-124.
Xing J L, Wu F X. Business model innovation empowers key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises: Intrinsic mechanisms and empirical evidence[J]. R&D Management, 2023, 35(6):112-124.
[35]
刘云, 郭栋, 黄祖广. 我国高档数控机床技术追赶的特征、机制与发展策略--基于复杂产品系统的视角[J]. 管理世界, 2023, 39(3):140-158.
Liu Y, Guo D, Huang Z G. Characteristics, mechanism and development strategy of China's high-grade CNC machine tool technology catch-up: From the perspective of complex product system[J]. Management World, 2023, 39(3):140-158.
[36]
徐示波, 贾敬敦, 仲伟俊. 国家战略科技力量体系化研究[J]. 中国科技论坛, 2022(3):1-8.
Xu S B, Jia J D, Zhong W J. Research on the systematization of national strategic scientific and technological forces[J]. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2022(3):1-8.
[37]
徐冠华. 关于科研院所企业化转制的几个问题[J]. 中国软科学, 1999(7):1-5.
Xu G H. Some problems about the transformation of scientific research institutes into enterprises[J]. China Soft Science, 1999(7):1-5.
[38]
刘本盛. 关于国家创新体系建设的思考与建议[J]. 管理世界, 2007(8):153-154.
Liu B S. Thoughts and suggestions on the construction of national innovation system[J]. Management World, 2007(8):153-154.
[39]
Motohashi K, Yun X. China's innovation system reform and growing industry and science linkages[J]. Research Policy, 2007, 36(8):1251-1260.
2026年第44卷第1期
PDF下载
70
33
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2024-09-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27
  • 修回日期:2024-11-14
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD131)
作者信息
    浙江大学管理学院, 浙江杭州 310058

通讯作者:

林福鑫(1999-),男,博士研究生, E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxxyj/CN/1316695282595774788
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏