Article(id=1316695243190285261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=1740240000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854208991, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854208991, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854208991, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854208991, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=51, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316695243425166286, articleId=1316695243190285261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Is more AI necessarily better? A study on the nonlinear relationship between AI capability, innovation agility and enterprise innovation resilience, columnId=1309226307205034609, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Hot Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study constructs a theoretical model of the relationship between AI capability, innovation agility, and innovation resilience. The positive significance of AI applications has been widely recognized, but the research results of this article indicate that AI capabilities have an inverted U-shaped impact on the innovation resilience of enterprises, which first promotes and then inhibits; There is also an inverted U-shaped relationship between AI capability and innovation agility, and innovation agility plays a mediating role between AI capability and innovation resilience. In addition, environmental turbulence positively moderates the impact of innovation agility on innovation resilience. The research results confirm the "double-edged sword" effect of AI capabilities, opening up new research perspectives for enterprise innovation management in the AI era, and providing management insights for enterprises to effectively utilize AI technology to achieve sustainable innovation development and avoid falling into the "digital trap".

The findings of this study offer three major contributions: Firstly, this paper combines AI with innovation research from a research perspective, treating AI capabilities as an important organizational capability in the digital age. It constructs an analytical framework of "AI capabilities - innovation agility - innovation resilience" and confirms the role path of AI and agility as driving forces in enhancing enterprise innovation resilience. That is, a set of key organizational strategic agility processes enabled by "digital intelligence" creates strategic resilience in innovation activities with a proactive and opportunity-centered attitude. Furthermore, this paper explores the non-linear interaction between AI capabilities and innovation agility and resilience, revealing the "double-edged sword" effect and "dark side" of AI capabilities, thereby breaking through the limitation of existing research that mainly focuses on the positive significance of AI applications.

Secondly, this paper contributes to the research on the antecedents of enterprise innovation resilience. Although the concept of innovation resilience has attracted attention in recent years, the research is rather scattered and lacks in-depth exploration of the role played by AI. Therefore, the concept of AI capability is introduced in this paper, and by revealing the role of AI capability in promoting enterprise innovation resilience and its internal mechanism, a new research perspective is opened for the discussion on how to improve enterprise resilience, and at the same time, it also enriches the existing research on improving innovation resilience.

Finally, based on the context of digital development and market transformation of Chinese enterprises, this paper takes environmental turbulence as a moderating variable and effectively reveals the contingency effect of enterprises implementing agile strategies to resist the challenges of high-turbulence environments. By closely integrating the dynamic capability factors at the organizational level with the characteristics of the external environment, it emphasizes that in highly turbulent environments, enterprises should take enhancing agility as the main development strategy. From this perspective, this study not only highlights the significant role of AI capabilities and organizational agility in enhancing enterprise resilience, but also recognizes that the effectiveness of these dynamic capabilities may vary depending on the environment and context in which they are applied. This response addresses the call from scholars in the past for future research to explore how digitalization and organizational agility interact to influence organizational resilience in different organizational environments and market scenarios.

, authors=Zheng-yun RUI1, 2, Xi-fang MA2, Qing-hua SHI2, authorsList=Zheng-yun RUI, Xi-fang MA, Qing-hua SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xi-fang MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316695244188529619, articleId=1316695243190285261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=AI多多益善吗:AI能力非线性创新效应研究, columnId=1309226307364418163, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=热点议题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究构建了AI能力、创新机敏性与创新韧性关系的理论模型。AI应用的积极意义已经得到广泛认可,但本文的研究结果表明,AI能力对企业创新韧性具有“先促进后抑制”的倒U型影响;AI能力与创新机敏性之间也呈现倒U型关系,且创新机敏性在AI能力与创新韧性之间起到中介作用。此外,环境动荡正向调节创新机敏性对创新韧性的影响。研究结果证实了AI能力的“双刃剑”效应,为AI时代企业创新管理研究开辟了新的研究视角,也为企业有效利用AI技术实现持续创新发展,避免落入“数字陷阱”提供了管理启示。

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芮正云(1988-),男,副教授,博士后。

史清华(1964-),男,教授、博士生导师。

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马喜芳(1977-),女,副研究员,博士, E-mail:。
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Reliability and validity analysis results of the measurement scale

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变量 题项 因子载荷 CR AVE
AI能力
(Cronbach α = 0.837)
我们可以将来自多个内部源的数据集成到数据库中以便于访问 0.723 0.877 0.504
我们可以将外部数据与内部数据集成在一起,以促进对业务环境的高价值分析 0.705
我们有能力跨业务单位和组织边界共享数据 0.711
我们能够有效地准备和清理人工智能数据,并评估数据中的错误 0.718
我们投资了可扩展的数据存储基础设施 0.698
我们已经探索或采用了并行计算方法来处理AI数据 0.701
我们已经探索或采用了云服务来处理数据并进行AI和机器学习 0.715
创新机敏性
(Cronbach α = 0.810)
我们能快速应对消费需求的变化 0.713 0.828 0.490
我们能为特定客户量身定制产品或服务 0.686
我们能对主要竞争对手推出的新产品或服务做出回应 0.704
我们能及时改变可供销售的产品/服务种类 0.708
我们能及时引进新技术用于生产新产品和服务 0.690
创新韧性
(Cronbach α = 0.813)
我们可以适应任何外部冲击 0.702 0.832 0.498
我们决心实现创新目标,无论我们面临任何阻碍 0.715
我们不怕创新失败,因为失败能帮助我们改正错误 0.719
我们能很快从过去的创新失败中恢复过来 0.707
我们有能力处理创新过程中的一些突发意外风险事项 0.683
环境动荡
(Cronbach α = 0.806)
客户要求越来越高 0.712 0.802 0.503
我们面临竞争非常激烈的市场 0.715
我们所处行业的技术正在迅速变化 0.708
很难预测未来两三年行业技术如何发展 0.701
), ArticleFig(id=1316695251201405945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

测量量表的信度与效度分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 题项 因子载荷 CR AVE
AI能力
(Cronbach α = 0.837)
我们可以将来自多个内部源的数据集成到数据库中以便于访问 0.723 0.877 0.504
我们可以将外部数据与内部数据集成在一起,以促进对业务环境的高价值分析 0.705
我们有能力跨业务单位和组织边界共享数据 0.711
我们能够有效地准备和清理人工智能数据,并评估数据中的错误 0.718
我们投资了可扩展的数据存储基础设施 0.698
我们已经探索或采用了并行计算方法来处理AI数据 0.701
我们已经探索或采用了云服务来处理数据并进行AI和机器学习 0.715
创新机敏性
(Cronbach α = 0.810)
我们能快速应对消费需求的变化 0.713 0.828 0.490
我们能为特定客户量身定制产品或服务 0.686
我们能对主要竞争对手推出的新产品或服务做出回应 0.704
我们能及时改变可供销售的产品/服务种类 0.708
我们能及时引进新技术用于生产新产品和服务 0.690
创新韧性
(Cronbach α = 0.813)
我们可以适应任何外部冲击 0.702 0.832 0.498
我们决心实现创新目标,无论我们面临任何阻碍 0.715
我们不怕创新失败,因为失败能帮助我们改正错误 0.719
我们能很快从过去的创新失败中恢复过来 0.707
我们有能力处理创新过程中的一些突发意外风险事项 0.683
环境动荡
(Cronbach α = 0.806)
客户要求越来越高 0.712 0.802 0.503
我们面临竞争非常激烈的市场 0.715
我们所处行业的技术正在迅速变化 0.708
很难预测未来两三年行业技术如何发展 0.701
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Correlation analysis and descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名 AI能力 创新机敏性 创新韧性 环境动荡 企业年龄 企业规模 企业性质 行业类型
AI能力 0.710
创新机敏性 0.238** 0.700
创新韧性 0.205** 0.318** 0.706
环境动荡 0.014 0.146* 0.301 0.709
企业年龄 0.029 -0.049 0.050 -0.022 --
企业规模 0.056 -0.028 0.034 -0.054 0.229** --
企业性质 0.093 0.077 0.096 0.019 0.087 0.013 --
行业类型 0.114* 0.032 0.015 0.136* 0.069 0.075 0.061 --
均值 3.283 3.391 3.322 3.440 4.239 3.826 2.139 2.526
标准误 0.934 1.107 0.854 0.971 0.562 0.690 0.503 0.492
), ArticleFig(id=1316695251427898363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相关性分析与描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名 AI能力 创新机敏性 创新韧性 环境动荡 企业年龄 企业规模 企业性质 行业类型
AI能力 0.710
创新机敏性 0.238** 0.700
创新韧性 0.205** 0.318** 0.706
环境动荡 0.014 0.146* 0.301 0.709
企业年龄 0.029 -0.049 0.050 -0.022 --
企业规模 0.056 -0.028 0.034 -0.054 0.229** --
企业性质 0.093 0.077 0.096 0.019 0.087 0.013 --
行业类型 0.114* 0.032 0.015 0.136* 0.069 0.075 0.061 --
均值 3.283 3.391 3.322 3.440 4.239 3.826 2.139 2.526
标准误 0.934 1.107 0.854 0.971 0.562 0.690 0.503 0.492
), ArticleFig(id=1316695251507590140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
变量 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新机敏性 创新机敏性
企业年龄 0.075 0.068 0.057 0.052 -0.017 -0.009
企业规模 0.083 0.079 0.065 0.061 -0.113* -0.092
企业性质 0.040 0.033 0.030 0.024 0.108* 0.085
行业类型 0.019 0.017 0.011 0.009 0.066 0.054
AI能力 0.188** 0.152* 0.137* 0.204**
AI能力2 -0.138* -0.123* -0.115* -0.163*
创新机敏性 0.189** 0.153*
环境动荡 0.008
环境动荡×创新机敏性 0.125*
R2 0.076 0.189 0.226 0.285 0.083 0.191
F值 5.017*** 8.436*** 8.760*** 9.363*** 5.521 8.547***
), ArticleFig(id=1316695251792802813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
变量 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新韧性 创新机敏性 创新机敏性
企业年龄 0.075 0.068 0.057 0.052 -0.017 -0.009
企业规模 0.083 0.079 0.065 0.061 -0.113* -0.092
企业性质 0.040 0.033 0.030 0.024 0.108* 0.085
行业类型 0.019 0.017 0.011 0.009 0.066 0.054
AI能力 0.188** 0.152* 0.137* 0.204**
AI能力2 -0.138* -0.123* -0.115* -0.163*
创新机敏性 0.189** 0.153*
环境动荡 0.008
环境动荡×创新机敏性 0.125*
R2 0.076 0.189 0.226 0.285 0.083 0.191
F值 5.017*** 8.436*** 8.760*** 9.363*** 5.521 8.547***
), ArticleFig(id=1316695251952186366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of mediation effect test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介变量 自变量 自变量取值 效应值 LLCI ULCI
创新机敏性 AI能力 低(均值-1S.D.) 0.131 0.095 0.196
中(均值) 0.068 0.033 0.104
高(均值+1S.D.) -0.014 -0.051 0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1316695252027683839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1316695243190285261, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介变量 自变量 自变量取值 效应值 LLCI ULCI
创新机敏性 AI能力 低(均值-1S.D.) 0.131 0.095 0.196
中(均值) 0.068 0.033 0.104
高(均值+1S.D.) -0.014 -0.051 0.022
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芮正云 1, 2 , 马喜芳 2 , 史清华 2
科学学研究 | 热点议题 2026,44(1): 51-60
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AI多多益善吗:AI能力非线性创新效应研究
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芮正云(1988-),男,副教授,博士后。

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芮正云(1988-),男,副教授,博士后。

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史清华(1964-),男,教授、博士生导师。

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史清华(1964-),男,教授、博士生导师。

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芮正云1, 2, 马喜芳2 , 史清华2
作者信息
  • 1 兰州大学管理学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
  • 2 上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院, 上海 200030
通讯作者:
马喜芳(1977-),女,副研究员,博士, E-mail:。
作者简介:

芮正云(1988-),男,副教授,博士后。

史清华(1964-),男,教授、博士生导师。

Is more AI necessarily better? A study on the nonlinear relationship between AI capability, innovation agility and enterprise innovation resilience
Zheng-yun RUI1, 2, Xi-fang MA2 , Qing-hua SHI2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2 Antai School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15
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本研究构建了AI能力、创新机敏性与创新韧性关系的理论模型。AI应用的积极意义已经得到广泛认可,但本文的研究结果表明,AI能力对企业创新韧性具有“先促进后抑制”的倒U型影响;AI能力与创新机敏性之间也呈现倒U型关系,且创新机敏性在AI能力与创新韧性之间起到中介作用。此外,环境动荡正向调节创新机敏性对创新韧性的影响。研究结果证实了AI能力的“双刃剑”效应,为AI时代企业创新管理研究开辟了新的研究视角,也为企业有效利用AI技术实现持续创新发展,避免落入“数字陷阱”提供了管理启示。

AI能力  /  创新机敏性  /  创新韧性  /  环境动荡

This study constructs a theoretical model of the relationship between AI capability, innovation agility, and innovation resilience. The positive significance of AI applications has been widely recognized, but the research results of this article indicate that AI capabilities have an inverted U-shaped impact on the innovation resilience of enterprises, which first promotes and then inhibits; There is also an inverted U-shaped relationship between AI capability and innovation agility, and innovation agility plays a mediating role between AI capability and innovation resilience. In addition, environmental turbulence positively moderates the impact of innovation agility on innovation resilience. The research results confirm the "double-edged sword" effect of AI capabilities, opening up new research perspectives for enterprise innovation management in the AI era, and providing management insights for enterprises to effectively utilize AI technology to achieve sustainable innovation development and avoid falling into the "digital trap".

The findings of this study offer three major contributions: Firstly, this paper combines AI with innovation research from a research perspective, treating AI capabilities as an important organizational capability in the digital age. It constructs an analytical framework of "AI capabilities - innovation agility - innovation resilience" and confirms the role path of AI and agility as driving forces in enhancing enterprise innovation resilience. That is, a set of key organizational strategic agility processes enabled by "digital intelligence" creates strategic resilience in innovation activities with a proactive and opportunity-centered attitude. Furthermore, this paper explores the non-linear interaction between AI capabilities and innovation agility and resilience, revealing the "double-edged sword" effect and "dark side" of AI capabilities, thereby breaking through the limitation of existing research that mainly focuses on the positive significance of AI applications.

Secondly, this paper contributes to the research on the antecedents of enterprise innovation resilience. Although the concept of innovation resilience has attracted attention in recent years, the research is rather scattered and lacks in-depth exploration of the role played by AI. Therefore, the concept of AI capability is introduced in this paper, and by revealing the role of AI capability in promoting enterprise innovation resilience and its internal mechanism, a new research perspective is opened for the discussion on how to improve enterprise resilience, and at the same time, it also enriches the existing research on improving innovation resilience.

Finally, based on the context of digital development and market transformation of Chinese enterprises, this paper takes environmental turbulence as a moderating variable and effectively reveals the contingency effect of enterprises implementing agile strategies to resist the challenges of high-turbulence environments. By closely integrating the dynamic capability factors at the organizational level with the characteristics of the external environment, it emphasizes that in highly turbulent environments, enterprises should take enhancing agility as the main development strategy. From this perspective, this study not only highlights the significant role of AI capabilities and organizational agility in enhancing enterprise resilience, but also recognizes that the effectiveness of these dynamic capabilities may vary depending on the environment and context in which they are applied. This response addresses the call from scholars in the past for future research to explore how digitalization and organizational agility interact to influence organizational resilience in different organizational environments and market scenarios.

AI capability  /  innovation agility  /  innovation resilience  /  environmental turbulence
芮正云, 马喜芳, 史清华. AI多多益善吗:AI能力非线性创新效应研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (1) : 51 -60 .
Zheng-yun RUI, Xi-fang MA, Qing-hua SHI. Is more AI necessarily better? A study on the nonlinear relationship between AI capability, innovation agility and enterprise innovation resilience[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (1) : 51 -60 .
当前,企业面临国际贸易冲突、技术封锁以及国内经济下行等多重危机,需要企业具有积极的韧性,及时调整业务战略以适应外部环境变化[1]。随着数字技术的迅猛发展,企业从外部获取所需资源的广度和速度大幅提升,企业开始运用大数据和人工智能(AI)工具来更好地识别机会和趋势[2]。为此,企业需要构建AI能力,通过分析业务数据识别变化,同时也有助于处理或管理变化。AI能力是指企业整合、协调和利用AI技术与其他组织资源共同完成特定任务的能力[3]。例如,企业通过AI能力利用先进的算法和机器学习等技术,能高效完成数字信息的识别、分解和转化,使企业能够实现流程自动化、预测趋势和识别新机会,有助于抵御商业活动的不确定性[4]。
从外部环境视角说,国际冲突、经济衰退、自然灾害或流行病疫引发的外部环境变化会触发危机和挑战;从组织内部视角说,企业商业活动存在不可预测的情况,也为企业带来了风险与挑战。为此,学者们用企业韧性(resilience)的概念表征企业适应和克服外部冲击与挑战的水平[5]。在创新过程中,韧性强的企业更有能力驾驭和克服危机带来的挑战,并从中捕捉机会,最终实现价值创造。因此,为了应对这些内外部干扰因素,企业需要依靠创新韧性来确保企业创新活动的持续进行。尤其在数字化背景下,深入系统探讨如何提升企业创新韧性成为亟待解决的热点议题。
目前有学者通过案例分析等定性的方法对应用AI的作用进行了探索性研究[6],但还缺少进一步的定量研究来探讨AI能力如何帮助企业适应快速变化的外部环境并识别新机会,从而提升企业创新韧性。以往学者们用组织机敏性(agility)的概念来体现企业快速应对新变化(如突发的紧急状况),包括“感知-反应-决策”的过程[7]。本文将其率先应用到创新管理领域,提出创新机敏性的概念。鉴于机敏性在企业识别创新的潜在风险和机会方面发挥着关键作用,本文认为创新机敏性可能会在AI能力与创新韧性之间起到一定的中介作用。此外,环境动荡会引发组织内部一系列针对不稳定性的反应和适应。在动荡环境中运营的企业更需要应对前所未有的挑战和不确定性的结果。因此,本文同时考察环境动荡在上述关系中所起的调节作用。
随着市场需求多样化、技术变革速度加快,企业在复杂多变环境中的适应力受到挑战,尤其是数字技术对传统的组织业务与运营模式产生了冲击。为此,学者们开始关注企业韧性的重要意义。企业韧性,即企业适应、调整和从挑战、挫折和危机中恢复的能力。Oeij等[8]较早将韧性与创新相结合,提出创新韧性的概念;随后,Lv等[9]用创新韧性来反映组织应对创新活动不确定性的水平。具有较高创新韧性的企业能够主动适应不断变化的环境,从威胁、挫折中恢复过来,并在克服挑战中实现创新成长。但是,目前关于企业创新韧性前因的研究还较少。
动态能力理论强调了企业适应和响应不断变化的外部环境,认为企业需要具备适应不断变化组织结构,使企业能够快速、有效地应对环境中的变化。这就要求企业对环境变化做出快速响应,即能迅速进行战略调整,开展创新性的行动与外部环境变化特征保持动态匹配。而组织机敏性被视为组织快速响应外部环境变化的关键能力[10]。组织机敏性是指根据组织内外部情境和要求,快速开展行动,有效地将资源部署到能够创造价值的活动上,其本质是一种组织的动态能力。而AI能力可以为企业处理创新过程中的不确定性提供技术支持和保障[11]。通过利用AI能力,企业能更好地感知和识别市场中的机会,并更有效地利用这些机会配置资源以应对外部环境的变化[12]。AI能力可以通过实时分析大量数据,实现规律与模式识别,开发预测模型使组织能够预测未来市场趋势,为管理者提供新的见解并相应地调整自身战略,进而帮助组织实现目标[13]。从这个角度说,AI能力正逐渐成为数字时代新的组织基因。
此外,虽然动态能力理论为企业指明了应对新变化的战略能力,在评估企业韧性时,考虑外部环境的变化也同样重要[14]。环境动荡(turbulence)就是衡量环境变化的一个指标,这种动荡性可能是激烈且高强度的竞争、快速且多重的意外变化[15]。有研究表明企业行动成功的可能性会受到其所处环境动荡性的威胁[16]。为了能够迅速感知并适应不断变化的环境与客户需求,企业应当在动荡环境中展现出机敏性。这种机敏性使企业迅速感知并适应动荡环境所带来的前所未有的挑战和不确定性,进而快速发现并抓住创新产生的潜在威胁与机遇,以便从外部网络或生态系统中搜索和获取相关知识,开发、改进产品和服务[10]。因此,保持较高机敏性的企业更容易在动荡环境中存活。换言之,成功的企业往往是那些能够识别并适应这种环境变化的企业。
基于上述分析,本研究根据创新活动具体情境提出创新机敏性的概念,探究其在AI能力对企业创新韧性影响路径中的传导机制;并认为外部环境动荡是企业创新需要考虑的基本边界条件,可以为企业创造机会[17]。本文由此构建了新的理论分析框架来考察AI能力如何影响创新机敏性,进而增强企业在环境动荡下的创新韧性,以期深化AI时代企业提升创新韧性的前因研究。
(1)AI能力与创新韧性
AI技术对企业创新韧性具有赋能作用。例如,通过AI能力优化知识、数据的检索与整合利用,帮助研发人员深入学习和重新组合相关知识,萃取隐性知识,形成新的知识体系,从而开发新的解决方案[3]。还可以借助AI能力改进业务流程,提升企业对外部市场与技术环境的敏感性,使企业在创新活动中提高应变能力[11]。最后,AI能力有助于消除传统的知识壁垒,使企业更能充分利用工业互联网平台等渠道和大模型等技术手段,促进实时数据和信息的精准识别与高效传递,实现与其他外部主体的交互协作[18]。可见,企业内外部的知识共享与整合,提高了企业创新体系应对外部变化的适应性和创造性,最终“赋能”创新韧性。
然而,随着AI技术的普及和深入,必然会对企业原有组织结构、管理能力、资源配置与业务模式等提出新的要求[19],进而增加动态调整成本[20]。例如,从原有信息系统过渡到由AI能力支撑的新数智化管理体系,需要企业进行管理变革[21],使组织战略、资源管理及业务模式都与企业AI能力匹配,这不仅涉及企业内部多部门协同,增加了协调管理难度;还会增加组织在人员培训、业务调整、设备更新等方面的成本;进一步地,如果企业基于AI能力的数智化跨跃式发展缺乏相应的能力与资源作为支撑,还有可能与现有组织惯例和认知体系产生冲突,最终落入“数字陷阱”。此外,企业对AI技术与工具的投入也会分散组织的创新注意力,并挤占有限的组织资源[20],不利于应对创新风险。再从组织外部角度看,AI能力较强的企业在高度信息差的优势下,容易造成企业内部知识体系与外源性知识之间的脱节,削弱了与其他创新合作者之间的协同性。最后,从员工层面看,过度依赖AI数字工具,容易降低员工的创造力,同时还可能增加员工的不完全感[22],限制了创新思想的碰撞。长此以往,员工自主性和创造性逐渐丧失,缺乏积极调整和主动更新“知识池”的意愿,当出现外生冲击时,企业现有创新系统将难以应付。据此,本文提出假设:
H1 AI能力对企业创新韧性的影响呈“先促进后抑制”的倒U型。
(2)AI能力与创新机敏性
随着动态外部环境对组织响应速度提出更高要求,组织需要调整工作方式以增强企业在价值创造中的机敏性[23]。作为一种新兴技术,AI在助力企业克服创新不确定性、提升组织创新机敏性方面具有巨大潜力[10,13]。AI能力越强的企业,越能够培养组织感知和抓住商业机会、应对威胁并迅速适应和应对外部变化的能力[11]。例如,企业利用AI能力有效嵌入特定情境,有助于感知和洞察外部商业环境的变化,从而做出更准确的预测和更有效的预案。同时,AI能力有助于企业快速获得更加客观、精准的洞见,能帮助管理者在决策时降低个体主观意识上的干扰,从而提高决策效率[24]。最后,AI能力还有助于企业建立智能管理与决策支持系统,对创新过程进行全面、实时的管控,当遇到突发状况时,也能借助AI技术进行智能识别处理。
然而,过于依赖AI技术可能会产生“路径依赖”和“组织惰性”。从动态能力的角度说,如果企业将大量资源和注意力当放在增强AI能力上,容易导致“数字刚性”。一旦外部技术环境出现颠覆性变革,AI技术提供的方案可能不足以帮助企业实现有效应对[14]。尤其创新活动不同于惯例化的一般企业经营行为,活动本身存在较大不确定性,当AI技术“失灵”时,企业容易措手不及。此外, AI技术应用所带来的外部数据与新知识急剧增加,导致企业当前的数字处理与学习能力难以适应,造成信息负荷与数据过载[20],甚至产生组织惯例与认知上的冲突,妨碍企业在大量数据中筛选、分析和应用关键知识与信息,延误了有效解决方案的制定。因此,本文提出假设:
H2 AI能力对企业创新机敏性的影响呈“先促进后抑制”的倒U型。
(3)创新机敏性的中介作用
虽然AI技术对于企业创新可以起到积极的辅助作用,但是企业AI能力难以直接转化为创新韧性。换言之,可能需要企业根据市场需求变化和技术变革做出调整以适应新的外部变化,而这就要求企业具备较高的创新机敏性。创新机敏性高的企业在组织架构、信息系统和业务流程上能保持敏捷性与灵活性[23],使企业拥有面对危机能快速适应并克服挑战的韧性[1]。因而这些企业更有可能在面对危机时识别和利用机会(而不仅仅是为了企业生存),最终能从挫折、失败中恢复,从环境变化中嗅到新机会并保持持续创新的信念。
创新机敏性强调企业对组织与流程的动态化调整,而要想获得快速执行,企业需要保证资源与能力的动态化[23]。AI能力强的企业通过将AI技术与组织战略制定、业务流程相结合,可以从容应对地缘政治和国际贸易格局中的威胁,以及不断涌现的新技术等外部因素对企业创新活动产生的冲击。一方面,AI能力可以促进组织内、外部沟通与协作,提高信息传递和利用效率,同时降低方案制定和决策成本,在机器学习等技术的支持下,这些企业能根据外部环境的新要求,快速调用和配置所需资源,从而使得企业在创新活动中持续保持主动性,推动组织流程高效适应不断演化的新情境。另一方面,企业通过AI能力可以分析来自市场需求端的创新见解,充分发掘和利用数据中蕴含的潜在机会,从而启发管理者对外部变化做出快速反应[24]。除了追求效率与创新性,AI能力从根本上改变了传统业务流程的管理逻辑,能够自动处理来自多个不同业务流程的数据,做出快速甚至预见性的响应。可见,创新机敏性在AI能力的加持下改进组织决策与资源配置效率,进而增强创新韧性。
因此,本文提出假设:
H3a 创新机敏性对创新韧性具有正向影响;
H3b 创新机敏性在AI能力与创新韧性之间起到中介作用。
(4)环境动荡的调节作用
环境动荡是指外部环境、技术条件和客户偏好发生不可预测的、突然变化的程度[16]。有研究认为,当企业面临高水平的环境动荡时,发展动态能力具有显著的益处[25]。在动荡的环境中,企业需要具备抵御社会经济波动、技术变革或市场需求变化等情况并从中恢复和重塑竞争力的能力,而创新机敏性使企业能够快速、准确地识别和利用新的机会,以驾驭环境动荡。那些具有较高机敏性的企业会重视发展所需的战略伙伴、数字技能和资源,以便更好地应对威胁与挑战[26]。此外,创新机敏性有助于提供快速反馈,使决策者及时获得可行的备选方案,进而能够迅速采取行动应对突发的环境变化[27]。但在低环境动荡中,由于社会经济、市场和技术等因素变动程度小、变动速度慢,对企业创新韧性的影响也会较弱[28],因而创新机敏性难以充分发挥作用。换言之,环境越动荡,创新机敏性对企业创新韧性的影响越突出。基于此,本文提出假设:
H4环境动荡正向调节创新机敏性对创新韧性的正向影响。
综合上述理论分析与研究假设,本文构建了如图1所示的理论模型。
为了解企业在后疫情时代经济下行、技术封锁等多重危机下,使用AI工具进行创新的情况,本研究对了解情况的企业负责人或高管人员进行了问卷调查。受访企业位于上海、江苏、浙江和安徽等多个省市,并且来自电子信息、医疗保健、新能源和新材料等不同行业,这种多样性有助于提升本研究发现的代表性。调查共分发了240份问卷,最后回收完整、有效的问卷187份。在正式调查开始前,为了确保调查的准确性,课题组参考了国内外广泛的成熟量表,以选择适当的测量题项。为完善和修改问卷内容,课题组邀请了30名EMBA学员(均为企业负责人、研发或IT部门主管)进行预调研,对研究构念的题项表述进行微调。
(1)AI能力
对于AI能力的测量,本文参考Mikalef和Gupta[3]开发的量表,设计了7个题项,如:“我们能够有效地准备和清理人工智能数据,并评估数据中的错误”。
(2)创新机敏性
对于企业创新机敏性的测量,本文参考Wamba[10]使用的量表,设计了5个题项,如:“我们能及时改变可供销售的产品/服务种类”。
(3)创新韧性
对于创新韧性的测量尚缺少成熟量表,本文借鉴以往学者的观点,认为韧性涉及的维度包括适应变化,不顾任何障碍坚定地实现目标,把失败当作垫脚石,以及能够从过去的失败中恢复过来[14]。据此,本文设计了5个测量题项,如:“我们能很快从过去的创新失败中恢复过来”。
(4)环境动荡
对于环境动荡的测量,本文参考以往学者的思路,从市场动荡与技术动荡两个方面[16],设计了4个测量题项,如:“我们面临竞争非常激烈的市场”“我们所处行业的技术正在迅速变化”。
本文对量表测量结果进行了信度与效度检验(见表1)。各变量的Cronbach α值均大于0.7,表明量表具有良好的信度。且所有测量题项的因子载荷均大于0.5,量表组合信度(CR)值高于0.8,提取的平均方差(AVE)值大于0.5,进一步表明各测量项目的测量值具有较高的可靠性和一致性。为了确定研究变量的区分效度,本文分析了变量间相关性矩阵。结果显示矩阵中各变量AVE平方根值(对角线上的数值)均大于给定行与列中的数值(见表2),表明变量具有较好的判别效度。
(1)非线性关系检验
本文采用回归分析方法探究AI能力对企业创新韧性的影响。首先,模型1考察控制变量对因变量创新韧性的影响,模型2在模型1的基础上引入AI能力及其平方项,结果表明AI能力对企业创新韧性具有显著的正向影响(β=0.188,p<0.01),而其平方项对创新韧性有显著的负向影响(β=-0.138,p<0.05),表明AI能力对企业创新韧性具有“先促进后抑制”的倒U型影响,故H1通过检验。
同理,模型6在模型5的基础上加入AI能力及其平方项,考察AI能力对创新机敏性的影响,发现AI能力对创新机敏性有显著的正向影响(β=0.194,p<0.01),而其平方项对创新机敏性的影响显著为负(β=-0.163,p<0.05),表明AI能力对创新机敏性有倒U型影响。即随着企业AI能力的不断增强,对创新机敏性的影响呈现先促进后抑制,H2通过检验。
(2)中介效应检验
模型3在模型2的基础上加入创新机敏性,发现创新机敏性对企业创新韧性有显著的正向影响(β=0.189,p<0.01),即H3a通过检验。此外,与模型2相比,模型3中AI能力及其平方项的影响系数作用方向不变,但影响系数的绝对值减小,且创新机敏性对创新韧性依然呈显著的正向影响,初步验证了H3b,后续将对存在非线性作用关系的间接效应做进一步检验。
本文采用Bootstraping法检验自变量与因变量之间为非线性关系情况下的中介效应,结果如表4所示。对AI能力分别取低(均值-1S.D.)、中(均值)、高(均值+1S.D.)3个值,得到对应的95%的置信区间,用以判断变量间存在非线性关系下的中介效应是否存在。从自变量AI能力取值由低到高来看,创新机敏性的中介效应一直下降,且在AI能力取值处于低度和中度水平时,对应瞬时中介效应的置信区间都不包含0,直到AI能力取值处于高度水平时,中介效应降为负值,此时对应置信区间包含0,由此说明创新机敏在AI能力与创新韧性之间的非线性关系中起到显著的中介效应,故H3b成立。
(3)调节效应检验
在表3中,模型4在模型3基础上加入环境动荡及其与创新机敏性的交互项,以检验环境动荡在创新机敏性与创新韧性之间的调节作用。结果显示交互项系数显著为正数(β=0.125,p<0.05),表明环境动荡在创新机敏性与创新韧性之间起到显著的正向调节作用,H4通过检验。为了更加直观地展现环境动荡的调节作用,本文绘制了调节效应图,如图2所示。由图2可知,当环境动荡水平较高时,斜率要比低环境动荡时更加陡峭,表明在高环境动荡的情况下,创新机敏性对创新韧性的正向影响得到了加强,由此可以反映环境动荡在两者间起到正向调节作用。
首先,上述结果证实了AI能力的“双刃剑”作用。数字技术改变了企业创新形势,并产生了许多新的途径,基于同样的思路,AI能力有助于企业持续监控潜在的威胁和机会,并指导重新配置组织资源和能力,从而能够更好地适应不断变化的外部环境。正如等Miceli等[18]指出的,AI通过数据和技术促进敏捷性,通过尽早识别变化以及与合作伙伴之间的有效协调,提高了组织业务流程的灵活性和响应能力。然而,本文还进一步发现AI能力过强反而会对企业创新机敏性与创新韧性产生不利影响。这也印证了Karhade和Dong[20]的观点,即企业对AI技术与工具的过度依赖可能会不利于企业创新,例如产生过载信息,增加企业信息处理的负担,扰乱决策。因此,企业需要警惕“数字陷阱”与“数字刚性”。
其次,创新机敏性正向影响创新韧性。创新韧性意味着在面对挑战和不可预测性时,企业能够做出反应并有效调整的能力,而本文的结果表明,创新机敏性使企业迅速感知危机信号、快速响应环境变化,对于促进企业创新韧性至关重要。这一发现与Maalouf等[1]的观点一致。创新机敏性较高的企业在创新活动中更能适应不可预见的挑战,从而战胜危机和化解创新风险。
最后,环境动荡能够强化创新机敏性对创新韧性的正向影响。该结果与以往一些研究认为高环境动荡性可能不会对动态能力和竞争优势产生积极影响的观点相反[14]。本文认为,当环境动荡程度较低时,由于利用动态能力的机会较少,其潜力受到限制,而那些适应资源基础的组织惯例会麻痹组织变革与资源重构的意识;当环境动荡激烈时,需要组织进行变革与调整资源结构的机会增加,因为意外事件使基于常规惯例的活动缺乏适应性。整体上,在高度动荡的环境中企业保持竞争优势十分困难,此时,对外部环境变化的有效感知以及战略变化的敏感性至关重要。
本文创新机敏性作为一种动态组织能力,考察了其在AI能力助力下如何影响企业创新韧性,并探讨了环境动荡的调节效应。研究结果表明:(1)AI能力对企业创新韧性的作用并非总是积极的,而是具有倒U型影响,即AI能力在一定程度上有助于提升企业创新韧性,但当AI能力过于强大时则会产生不利影响。(2)AI能力与创新机敏性之间也呈现倒U型关系,且创新机敏性在AI能力与创新韧性之间起到中介作用,说明AI能力不仅可以直接作用于创新韧性,还可以通过创新机敏性间接影响创新韧性。(3)环境动荡正向调节创新机敏性对创新韧性的影响,即环境动荡水平越高,创新机敏性对于企业提升创新韧性的作用越大。
本研究的发现提供了3点主要贡献:首先,本文在研究视角上将AI与创新研究相结合,将AI能力作为数字时代一种重要的组织能力,构建了“AI能力-创新机敏性-创新韧性”的分析框架,并证实了AI与敏捷性为推动力增强企业创新韧性的作用路径。即由“数智化”所启用的一套关键的组织战略敏捷过程,在创新活动中以积极主动的、机会为中心的态度创造了战略韧性。由此,本研究响应了Shore等[14]提出的“未来研究可以调查企业使用AI对决策、创造力和创新的广泛影响”。进一步地,本文通过探讨AI能力与创新机敏性、创新韧性之间的非线性作用关系,揭示了AI能力的“双刃剑”影响与“阴暗面”,从而突破了现有研究主要关注AI应用积极意义的局限。
其次,本文有助于完善企业创新韧性前因研究。虽然创新韧性的概念在近几年开始受到关注,但研究较为零散,且缺乏对AI所起作用的深入探究。Grover和Sabherwal[29]认为,构建企业韧性的一个主要障碍是推进企业的数字思维,为此本文引入AI能力的概念,通过揭示AI能力对促进企业创新韧性的作用及其内在机制,为如何提高企业韧性的讨论开辟了新的研究视角,同时也丰富了现有创新韧性提升路径研究。
最后,本文基于中国企业数字发展和市场转型情境,将环境动荡性作为调节变量,有效揭示了企业为抵御高动荡环境挑战而实施敏捷战略的权变效应。通过将组织层面的动态能力因素与外部环境特征紧密结合,强调在高度动荡的环境中,企业应将提高机敏性作为主要发展对策。本研究不仅强调了AI能力与组织机敏性对于提升企业韧性的重要意义,同时认识到这些动态能力的有效性可能会因所处环境和场景而异,由此回应了学者们过去呼吁的未来研究可以探索在不同的组织环境和市场场景中,数字化与组织机敏性如何共同作用于组织韧性[18]。
本文的管理启示如下:首先,企业应加强AI能力,使企业能够实施适应性创新战略,在这一过程中,企业可以借助AI技术来发展动态能力,使企业具备适应和创新的能力。从这个意义上说,AI技术的快速进步推动企业增强适应性和灵活性,从而更好地应对数字时代下开展创新活动的新要求。但同时,为了克服AI能力可能存在的“阴暗面”,企业应该警惕过度依赖AI的负面影响,确保AI技术被恰当的使用。
其次,创新机敏性可以更好地预测和适应客户需求和技术变革等外部因素的变化,进而帮助企业敏捷地采取恰当的创新方式和策略,以应对环境变化和克服挑战。尤其对于中小企业来说培养创新机敏性是必不可少的,因为这些企业受到不确定的、动态波动的环境影响更大。在此过程中,管理者还需意识到外部情境的动荡性,并通过数字化和模块化重塑和优化企业的生产流程,使企业根据外部环境灵活调整产品设计与创新,实现生产端的机敏性;根据消费市场的深度数据分析,感知和预测市场变化,并调整产品和服务以快速响应客户需求,实现销售端的机敏性。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72202089)
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BGL075)
  • 教育部社会科学研究青年项目(22YJC630112)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-13
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
  • 修回日期:2025-02-23
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72202089)
国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BGL075)
教育部社会科学研究青年项目(22YJC630112)
作者信息
    1 兰州大学管理学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
    2 上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院, 上海 200030

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马喜芳(1977-),女,副研究员,博士, E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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