Article(id=1316695225846842348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754150400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-03, revisedDate=1761062400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791854204856, onlineDateStr=2026-10-13, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791854204856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791854204856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791854204856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1316695224617914963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791854204563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791854713654, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1316697359963239160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1316695224617914963, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=14, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1316695226547291117, articleId=1316695225846842348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=AI driven Management Science research:Paradigm shift, research status, and future prospects, columnId=1316695225842651733, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Forums of Science and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Artificial Intelligence(AI) technology has experienced rapid development in recent decades, driving a profound paradigm shift in management science research and reshaping the theoretical framework, research methodologies, and practical application scenarios of the discipline. To systematically sort out the path, current situation, and challenges of the integration of AI and management science, this study conducted a large-scale quantitative analysis of high-quality journal literature indexed in the Web of Science database, with a focus on publications included in the Financial Management Society (FMS) journal list, and constructed and clarified the systematic framework of its fundamental transformation. This method covers 25,719 literatures in the fields of management science and economic science from 1996 to 2025, and uses professional analytical tools such as VOSviewer and RStudio to conduct visual analysis of keyword co-occurrence relationships, national cooperation networks, and research trend evolution. The results show that the number of publications in this field presents an exponential growth trend over the past three decades, with China and the United States as the core contributing countries; there are significant differences in the research focus between management science and economic science; research hotspots are concentrated in key clusters such as the application of AI technology in management practice, the identification and response to algorithmic risks, the construction of trust mechanisms in service science under the intelligent environment, and the AI-driven digital transformation of enterprises, while notably, significant differences exist in the research focus of management science and economic science during the integration process—management science tends to prioritize the optimization of practical management scenarios and efficiency improvement, while economic science focuses more on exploring the impact of AI on economic operation rules and resource allocation mechanisms. The conclusion indicates that AI has evolved from an auxiliary tool to a core driving force for promoting the reconstruction of management science theories and the transition of research paradigms towards the "human-object-information" three-dimensional space. Future research should focus on cutting-edge issues such as the internal mechanism of human-machine collaboration, the ethical boundaries of algorithm governance, and institutional adaptation in major decision-making, so as to promote the construction of a new management science theoretical system adapting to the intelligent era.

, authors=Guang-hui WANG1, 2, Zhong-fei CHEN1, Gang WU1, authorsList=Guang-hui WANG, Zhong-fei CHEN, Gang WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gang WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1316695234357084167, articleId=1316695225846842348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=AI驱动管理科学研究——范式变革、研究现状与未来展望, columnId=1316695226064949848, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=专稿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

人工智能技术的迅猛发展正驱动管理科学研究发生深刻的范式变革。为系统梳理人工智能与管理科学融合的路径、现状与挑战,本研究通过对Web of Science数据库中FMS高质量期刊文献进行大规模计量分析,构建并理解其根本性变革的系统框架。该方法覆盖了1996至2025年间管理科学与经济科学领域的25719篇文献,运用VOSviewer与RStudio等工具进行了关键词共现、国家合作网络及研究趋势的可视化分析。结果显示:该领域发文量呈指数增长态势,中国与美国是核心贡献国;管理科学与经济科学领域的研究重心呈现显著的差异性,管理科学侧重实践管理场景优化与效率提升,经济科学则更关注人工智能对经济运行规律及资源配置机制的影响;研究热点集中于技术应用、算法风险、服务科学中的信任问题及企业数字化转型等关键聚类。结论表明,人工智能已从辅助工具演变为推动管理科学理论重构与研究范式向“人-物-信息”三元空间跃迁的核心驱动力,未来研究应聚焦于人机协同的内在机制、算法治理的伦理边界及在重大决策中的制度适配等前沿议题,推动构建适应智能时代的新型管理科学理论体系。

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王光辉(1987-),男,研究员,博士。

陈中飞(1985-),男,副研究员,博士。

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吴刚(1977-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail:。
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AI驱动管理科学研究——范式变革、研究现状与未来展望
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王光辉 1, 2 , 陈中飞 1 , 吴刚 1
科学学研究 | 专稿 2026,44(1): 14-28
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科学学研究 |专稿 2026 , 44 (1) : 14 -28
AI驱动管理科学研究——范式变革、研究现状与未来展望
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王光辉1, 2, 陈中飞1, 吴刚1
作者信息
  • 1 国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部, 北京 100085
  • 2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
通讯作者:
吴刚(1977-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail:。
作者简介:

王光辉(1987-),男,研究员,博士。

陈中飞(1985-),男,副研究员,博士。

AI driven Management Science research:Paradigm shift, research status, and future prospects
Guang-hui WANG1, 2, Zhong-fei CHEN1, Gang WU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Management Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
  • 2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15
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人工智能技术的迅猛发展正驱动管理科学研究发生深刻的范式变革。为系统梳理人工智能与管理科学融合的路径、现状与挑战,本研究通过对Web of Science数据库中FMS高质量期刊文献进行大规模计量分析,构建并理解其根本性变革的系统框架。该方法覆盖了1996至2025年间管理科学与经济科学领域的25719篇文献,运用VOSviewer与RStudio等工具进行了关键词共现、国家合作网络及研究趋势的可视化分析。结果显示:该领域发文量呈指数增长态势,中国与美国是核心贡献国;管理科学与经济科学领域的研究重心呈现显著的差异性,管理科学侧重实践管理场景优化与效率提升,经济科学则更关注人工智能对经济运行规律及资源配置机制的影响;研究热点集中于技术应用、算法风险、服务科学中的信任问题及企业数字化转型等关键聚类。结论表明,人工智能已从辅助工具演变为推动管理科学理论重构与研究范式向“人-物-信息”三元空间跃迁的核心驱动力,未来研究应聚焦于人机协同的内在机制、算法治理的伦理边界及在重大决策中的制度适配等前沿议题,推动构建适应智能时代的新型管理科学理论体系。

人工智能  /  管理科学  /  范式变革  /  人机协同  /  研究综述

Artificial Intelligence(AI) technology has experienced rapid development in recent decades, driving a profound paradigm shift in management science research and reshaping the theoretical framework, research methodologies, and practical application scenarios of the discipline. To systematically sort out the path, current situation, and challenges of the integration of AI and management science, this study conducted a large-scale quantitative analysis of high-quality journal literature indexed in the Web of Science database, with a focus on publications included in the Financial Management Society (FMS) journal list, and constructed and clarified the systematic framework of its fundamental transformation. This method covers 25,719 literatures in the fields of management science and economic science from 1996 to 2025, and uses professional analytical tools such as VOSviewer and RStudio to conduct visual analysis of keyword co-occurrence relationships, national cooperation networks, and research trend evolution. The results show that the number of publications in this field presents an exponential growth trend over the past three decades, with China and the United States as the core contributing countries; there are significant differences in the research focus between management science and economic science; research hotspots are concentrated in key clusters such as the application of AI technology in management practice, the identification and response to algorithmic risks, the construction of trust mechanisms in service science under the intelligent environment, and the AI-driven digital transformation of enterprises, while notably, significant differences exist in the research focus of management science and economic science during the integration process—management science tends to prioritize the optimization of practical management scenarios and efficiency improvement, while economic science focuses more on exploring the impact of AI on economic operation rules and resource allocation mechanisms. The conclusion indicates that AI has evolved from an auxiliary tool to a core driving force for promoting the reconstruction of management science theories and the transition of research paradigms towards the "human-object-information" three-dimensional space. Future research should focus on cutting-edge issues such as the internal mechanism of human-machine collaboration, the ethical boundaries of algorithm governance, and institutional adaptation in major decision-making, so as to promote the construction of a new management science theoretical system adapting to the intelligent era.

Artificial Intelligence  /  Management Science  /  paradigm shift  /  Human-Machine Collaboration  /  literature review
王光辉, 陈中飞, 吴刚. AI驱动管理科学研究——范式变革、研究现状与未来展望. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (1) : 14 -28 .
Guang-hui WANG, Zhong-fei CHEN, Gang WU. AI driven Management Science research:Paradigm shift, research status, and future prospects[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (1) : 14 -28 .
人工智能技术的迅猛发展,特别是深度学习与大规模预训练模型的突破性进展,正以前所未有的广度和深度重塑管理科学的研究图景与实践范式。以生成式人工智能(如ChatGPT、GPT-4等)为代表的新兴技术,凭借其跨模态推理与人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)等机制,在复杂决策支持、行为预测与知识生成等多个关键领域,展现出显著超越传统分析方法的潜力,此类技术演进不仅极大拓展了管理科学研究的可用方法,更借助数据驱动建模、人机协同决策等路径,系统性地重构了管理问题的分析维度与解决逻辑。
当前,人工智能在管理科学中的应用已超越早期局部工具性嵌入,进入系统性整合与范式重构的新阶段,呈现出清晰的演进脉络:从20世纪80年代的规则库辅助决策,到统计学习与传统方法论共生(如CNN/LSTM优化时空预测、强化学习重构人机协作机制),再至当前以大语言模型(LLM)为代表的生成式AI推动形成“人机互构”新范式。这一深度融合催生了“人-物-信息”三元管理空间。其中,信息作为非竞争性、高流动性的战略资源[1,2],其治理复杂度远超传统管理对象,逐渐成为管理科学问题研究新的核心议题。
同时,技术应用潜藏多重挑战:理论层面,传统管理、组织、战略理论难以适配人机协同、混合智能团队及AI生态竞争的需求;实践层面,算法黑箱、生成式AI“幻觉”及技术迭代与理论更新脱节问题突出;伦理与治理层面,存在抑制组织深度学习、引发信任危机及人机权责分配模糊等隐患。基于上述挑战,本文立足于学科交叉前沿,系统梳理人工智能在管理科学研究中的融合路径、范式转型、应用现状与核心挑战,旨在构建理解AI驱动下管理科学根本性变革的系统框架,为探索人机智能共生时代的新理论、新方法与新治理范式奠定基础,并为未来研究方向提供前瞻性指引(图1)。
人工智能技术发展呈现鲜明的阶段性特征,经历从符号推理到数据驱动范式跃迁,其演进本质是模拟人类认知范式向构建自主智能体的深层跃迁(如图2)。
20世纪50年代,以符号主义为理论基石的早期探索奠定了学科基础,以图灵测试与早期感知机模型[3]为标志,人工智能开启了模拟人类认知的初步探索。至80年代,专家系统(如XCON)的兴起标志着知识工程阶段的到来,AI开始在特定管理场景(如运营配置)中实现工具性嵌入,在此阶段,技术上的突破如辛顿提出的反向传播算法[4]和杨立昆提出的LeNet架构奠定了未来人工智能领域蓬勃发展的基础,但受限于知识获取瓶颈与算力约束,其应用广度有限。21世纪以来,大数据与算力的协同推动人工智能进入爆发期。深度学习(如AlexNet)、生成对抗网络(GAN)[5]与强化学习(如AlphaGo)等突破,显著提升了AI在复杂模式识别、动态决策与生成建模方面的能力。尤为关键的是,Transformer架构(2017)的提出奠定了大语言模型(LLM)的技术基础,推动人工智能进入通用感知-决策新阶段[6]。当前人工智能已迈入通用智能体建构的新纪元,以GPT系列为代表的生成式AI,通过跨模态理解与人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)[7,8],标志着人工智能技术正朝着多模态融合、高效推理与对齐优化方向发展。
纵观技术演进轨迹,人工智能已从规则编程(1950s)、知识工程(1980s)、统计学习(2000s)迈向通用感知-决策(2020s)的新范式。人工智能的演进本质是“模拟人类认知”向“扩展人类能力”的范式迁移。在新一轮由大模型引发的通用智能革命中,AI将迈向“感知-推理-创造”闭环,而伦理治理框架的协同进化将成为保障技术可持续发展的关键命题。
人工智能在管理科学中的应用,经历了从边缘辅助到核心驱动、从提升效率到重构理论的深化过程。根据其与管理研究结合的深度,划分为三个主要阶段。
(1)初期工具嵌入阶段,管理科学中的人工智能应用最早可追溯到20世纪80年代知识工程兴起,人工智能以专家系统和决策树等符号主义技术为代表,作为辅助工具被引入运营管理、金融风控[9]等特定领域。此阶段的应用旨在提升既定任务的运算效率与自动化水平,其功能定位是对传统计量方法的补充,尚未触及管理理论的内核。
(2)中期方法论共生阶段,进入21世纪,以机器学习和深度学习技术为代表,人工智能与管理科学研究进入方法论层面的深度融合。卷积神经网络(CNN)与长短期记忆网络(LSTM)被用于构建时空预测模型,精准捕捉客流、物流等动态模式的复杂性[10];强化学习的引入深刻变革了人机协作机制[11]。在此阶段,技术不再仅是执行预设规则的工具,而是开始驱动新管理概念的诞生与理论的重构。
(3)人机互构与范式探索阶段,近年来,以大语言模型(LLM)为代表的生成式人工智能,正推动管理研究向“人机互构”的新范式跃迁。在研究方法上,LLM能够生成合成受访者、模拟市场环境或聚合专家判断[12,13],极大地拓展了消费者研究、战略评估的实验边界并降低了成本,催生了数据驱动的研究新模式。在理论层面,AI的介入触发了对管理活动本质的再思考。例如,研究发现AI系统可通过诱发临床医生的深度反思而重塑其专业认知模式[14],这揭示了人机认知耦合正在形成新的实践哲学。人工智能已从提升运算效率的工具,演变为驱动管理科学研究方法论革新与理论内核重构的关键力量。
综上所述,人工智能在管理科学中的应用演进,呈现出一条从“工具性嵌入”到“方法论共生”,再到“理论性互构”的深化路径。AI技术与管理科学的融合已不再局限于解决具体问题,而是通过重塑研究方法和催生新概念,为管理知识的生产与创造提供了新的范式。这种在应用与方法论层面上的深刻积累与质变,推动管理科学迎来一场在研究对象、范畴与理论内核上的系统性范式变革。
人工智能技术的深度渗透,使其从辅助性工具演变为管理科学研究中具有能动性的主体,深刻解构并重塑管理科学研究的认识论基础与方法论体系,促使管理科学的研究对象、研究范畴与理论内核发生系统性、联动性的演变,引发了一场根本性的范式变革。
在AI赋能的背景下,信息已超越其作为连接媒介或决策辅助的次要角色,升维为一种具有独立战略价值、非竞争性、高流动性、易复制性的核心管理对象。这种转变根植于AI技术提供的处理海量、高维、多模态复杂数据(如文本、图像、语音)的非凡能力。管理活动的焦点随之扩展至以数据、算法、算力为核心要素的信息空间治理,其复杂性远超传统管理对象:不仅涉及数据的采集、存储和处理,更关键的是如何从这些异构、动态的信息流中提炼知识、洞察规律[15],并将其转化为商业价值或社会福祉。由此,“人-物-信息”三要素之间形成了实时、动态、非线性的复杂交互网络——人的行为产生数据流(信息),信息通过算法分析优化资源配置(物),而物的状态变化又反馈影响人的行为决策与信息生成。这种三元空间内要素的相互塑造与高度耦合,从根本上提升了管理实践的复杂性与动态性,对管理科学研究提出了前所未有的建模、分析与控制要求。
人工智能的持续发展一方面为管理科学各领域注入新的分析工具与解决路径(如AI Agent、垂直领域大模型),深化了“AI for Management Science”的研究脉络,其关注AI作为新型战略资源与稀缺生产要素,如信息要素如何重塑创业路径、竞争优势、网络效应与组织效能[16]等,核心在于探索AI融入社会系统后引发的整体性效能跃升。另一方面,AI技术本身引发的深刻社会、经济与环境变革,以及生成式AI与大语言模型(LLM)所实现的跨领域知识融合能力,催生了“Management Science for AI”(面向AI的管理科学)方面的研究,该方向将AI系统本身及其引发的管理问题作为研究对象,其核心议题聚焦于三元空间内人-人(H-H)、人-机(H-M)、机-机(M-M)的复杂互动机制。研究人员已经揭示了AI在提升创造力[17]、决策能力[18]方面的效果;同时,对于人机协同,实证研究证实其在决策互补性[13]、强化非常规认知与批判性思维等方面具有显著优势[19,20]。管理科学研究正从单向的技术应用转向对“人-机-社会”复杂共生系统的探索,人机协同及其引发的组织学习机制、价值对齐问题已成为学科交叉研究的前沿阵地。
研究对象与研究范畴的根本性变化,对现有管理科学理论构成了全面挑战,凸显了理论更新与发展的迫切性。传统管理理论框架在面对AI驱动的三元空间与人机协同现实时,显露出其解释力与适应性的局限:如激励理论难以充分阐释人机协同情境下员工动机的复杂性,组织理论滞后于混合智能团队的结构演化与运作逻辑。更为严峻的是,AI在管理应用中存在“悖论”现象,例如自动化在提升效率的同时可能削弱人类认知深度与组织学习能力[21](自动化悖论),以及生成式AI展现的能力跃升与幻觉扩散并存、知识涌现与可控性衰减共生的特性[22]。这些悖论揭示了技术逻辑与管理逻辑、效率追求与伦理价值之间的复杂关系。因此,亟需发展融合技术洞见与管理智慧的新理论框架,以解释AI赋能的复杂管理现象,指导人机协同的实践设计,并有效应对伦理、治理与可持续性挑战。
综上所述,人工智能驱动的管理科学研究范式转型,本质上是学科基础在对象、范畴与理论三个维度上发生的系统性、协同性变革。这种转型标志着管理科学迈向以“人-物-信息”三元互动为核心、高度动态化、数据驱动与人机共生的新范式。理解这一深刻的范式迁移,是把握当前人工智能相关管理科学研究现状、剖析其热点与挑战、并展望其未来发展路径的关键前提。
人工智能深入应用于管理科学研究中,并带来研究方法上的革新与研究范式的变革。为实证描绘人工智能在管理科学学术研究中的具体图景,系统把握当前研究的现状与发展趋势,为后续展望未来提供相应的文献基础,该部分将基于大规模的文献计量分析,对人工智能在管理科学领域的研究态势进行系统性考察。
本研究以FMS管理科学高质量期刊推荐列表中的1177 种国际期刊作为文献检索依据。在Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库中,以“人工智能”为主题构建了一组文献检索关键词,经过筛选,共收集到94159篇符合条件的论文,其中,发表在1995年前的文献数量为1514篇,仅占总发文数量的1.6%,故本文选择1996年到2025年间发表的文献作为整体数据集。同时,本研究进一步将文献分为管理和经济两个领域,以系统分析管理科学分领域内人工智能研究热点与趋势,管理和经济领域的划分以国家自然科学基金委管理科学部的4个学科(管理科学与工程、工商管理、经济科学、宏观管理与政策)及其下属的 63 个子研究领域为分类依据,其中管理科学与工程、工商管理和宏观管理与政策被分为管理领域,经济科学被分为经济领域。以引用量从高到低排列,选取各领域引用量前20%的文献进行分析,以过去20年(2006-2025)作为文献检索时间范围。最终两个领域分别筛选出19384、6335篇文献用于后续分析。本文利用可视化文献计量软件VOSviewer和RStudio(biblioshiny扩展包)对英文文献集进行关键词分析和趋势分析等。
基于上述数据基础,本节将从宏观趋势、中观格局与微观内容三个部分展开系统性分析(如图3):首先刻画该领域发文量的时序演进轨迹与国际合作网络格局;继而通过管理与经济两个子领域的对比分析,揭示其研究重心与力量分布的差异性特征;最后通过关键词共现网络与演进分析,解析领域内的知识聚类与研究前沿。这一多维度的分析框架有助于了解该领域的发展脉络与知识体系,为确定未来研究方向提供实证依据。
(1)人工智能管理科学领域发表文章的整体趋势
结果显示,AI+管理科学领域发文数量逐年增长,从1995年的339篇增长到2024年15589篇(图4),2025年前8个月发文已达到11110篇,有望保持增长趋势。值得注意的是,2018年后AI相关的管理科学论文数量快速增长,可能得益于深度学习算法和大语言模型的应用,如2018年AlphaFold的发布。人工智能技术在管理科学领域的快速扩散的趋势不仅体现了学术界对人工智能与管理交叉领域的浓厚兴趣,也反映出该领域在实际应用中的巨大潜力和重要价值。
从国际发表的情况来看,中国发表的AI相关的管理科学论文占相关领域国际期刊发文总数的33.5%,其次是美国,占比19.1%,中美发文总占比超50%,表现两国在AI和管理科学融合领域的深入研究和贡献(图5a)。图5b展示了发文数量前五的国家从1995年以来的发文情况,从整体来看,国家的发文趋势呈现高度一致,均在2018年出现爆发式增长,在2023年和2024年,AI相关管理科学论文数量达到新高。除数量趋势外,我们对人工智能管理科学研究地理贡献进行网络分析,以显示学术活动和合作网络的模式。如图5c所示,结果显示,中国、美国和英国在这一领域占据三强主导地位,并且中美英之间存在较强的合作关系,此外,国家间的合作呈现显著的地理聚集,如聚类显示英国主要与欧洲国家如德国、意大利和西班牙等;美国与加拿大;中国与新加坡等在地理或心理上较邻近的国家有较强的合作。同时,印度与韩国也确立了自己作为重要贡献者的地位,从而形成了一个更加多元化和竞争激烈的研究环境。
(2)人工智能管理科学分领域研究格局分析
为从宏观层面揭示不同国家在人工智能与管理科学交叉研究中的战略侧重与力量分布,进一步展示国家与研究力量的分布与领域异质性,本研究进一步对管理与经济两个子领域的研究格局进行了可视化分析(图6,图7)。
在人工智能管理领域(图6),中国、美国、英国、澳大利亚和印度构成了核心贡献国家集群。一个值得注意的发现是,印度在管理领域的学术影响力超过了德国,与其在整体趋势中的表现存在差异,凸显了其在组织流程、服务系统等结构化管理问题研究中的活跃度。该领域的研究主题紧密围绕物联网(IoT)的监管、决策分类以及底层支撑技术(如机器学习、深度学习)展开,体现了管理科学对可解释性和结构化决策的技术需求。
相较而言,经济领域的研究格局(图7)则呈现出不同的图景。虽然中美英仍是领导力量,但意大利的表现尤为突出,其在该领域的学术产出占比显著高于其整体水平(见图5b)。在研究主题上,经济领域更侧重于预测、自动化及工业4.0等具有经济价值的领域,技术端则更聚焦于神经网络等复杂模型以应对经济系统的非线性特征。
通过两幅图谱从国家-领域适配性的视角揭示了一个关键发现:管理领域对规则与结构的关注,吸引了在软件与服务创新方面具备优势的国家;而经济领域对模型与预测的侧重,则与在高端制造和金融分析领域有深厚积累国家的科研传统相契合。这一结论不仅标识了现有的研究活跃区,更从国家竞争优势的角度,为理解跨领域合作潜力与知识流动模式提供了结构性参考。
(3)人工智能管理科学分领域研究关键词分析
在厘清研究力量的空间分布后,为深入解析领域内核心知识体系与前沿动向,本研究进一步通过关键词分析,深入剖析管理与经济领域研究主题的内在结构与发展脉络,以更好理解人工智能管理科学研究的演变过程。将管理科学根据管理和经济领域分别进行计量分析,以系统揭示各子领域稳定的研究聚类与动态的热点迁移,从内容维度完整描绘人工智能驱动下管理科学的知识图景。
图8展示了通过研究领域的关键词共现网络分析得出的管理研究中使用频率最高的关键词,设定的最低出现次数为100次。分析结果显示了4个主要的关键词群集:①技术基础与应用:技术方面关键词涵盖model、machine learning、deep learning、algorithms等,应用方面主要包含classification、prediction、identification等,该聚类表明,人工智能算法已深入迁移至管理领域,显著提升了管理问题的建模与求解效能。②算法风险:该主题聚焦于算法迁移过程中出现的对stability、uncertainty、dynamics的讨论以及应用方法论的研究,该类研究关注算法在实际管理场景中迁移时出现的稳健性与泛化能力问题,体现出学者对人工智能驱动下的管理领域研究范式中理论融合问题的关注;③服务科学应用:人工智能技术已经深入应用于social media、robots、tourism服务中,并引发学者对于技术在服务端如服务机器人的使用伴随的机器人本身的拟人化(anthropomorphism)问题和用户信任(trust)与接受度(acceptance)问题,这表明人工智能在服务系统中的渗透已引发新的学术关切,尤其在服务机器人、智能交互等情境中用户体验与社会接受机制成为研究热点。④企业管理研究:人工智能对企业管理的深刻影响体现在全产业链的重塑(如industy 4.0等)及企业数字化与可持续性转型方面(研究关键词包括innovation、sustainability、digitalization等),该类研究同时体现“AI+”与“+AI”双路径融合:既通过人工智能赋能企业数字化转型,也借助该类技术推进可持续战略的实施。这些关键词聚类清晰地揭示了人工智能管理领域中的核心议题与研究方向。例如,人工智能在社交媒体中的应用使处理网络上大规模的文本数据成为可能,目前学界广泛通过自然语言处理进行情感分析,拓宽了管理领域的研究范畴,表明研究在技术发展与实际问题解决之间的深度融合。
图9还展示了关键词随时间的出现趋势。红色标记的关键词代表当前管理研究的重点领域,包括:deep learning、data models、innovation、digital transformation、blockchain、task analysis、big data analysis、sustainable、industry 4.0、artificial intelligence。这些研究重点体现了管理领域在数字化、可持续性和技术创新方面的研究趋势,同时体现出人工智能技术发展对管理领域的数据驱动态势,为希望在该领域做出知识贡献的学者提供了潜在的研究机会。
基于关键词共现网络分析(最小频次为40次),人工智能在经济科学研究中的高频词汇可归纳为4个显著聚类:①技术方法与应用:技术方面关键词涵盖machine learning、deep learning、neural-networks等,应用方面主要包含classification、recognition等,显示出人工智能算法在经济问题中的广泛迁移与深度融合。②算法信任与安全:该主题针对技术模型的safety、quality等问题,表现了学界对于模型目前存在的“黑箱”不可解释性等产生的满意、信任、可接受度危机,该聚类反映出学界日益关注人工智能模型的可靠性、可解释性及用户心理接受程度,凸显出可解释人工智能(XAI)在经济决策背景下发展的迫切性与重要性。③方法论革新:social media、big data等的应用,推动经济可持续性(sustainability)、循环经济(circular economy)、动态能力(dynamics capability)研究发展,人工智能不仅推动了研究方法的升级,也促进了经济系统可持续性和企业动态能力的重构,数字化与创新逐渐成为转型机制中的核心议题。④应用场景研究:关键词涉及automation、policy、productivity、efficiency、inequality与polarization等,聚焦于人工智能驱动的自动化技术对经济核心变量产生的多维度影响,折射出技术效率与社会效益的二元“悖论”。
图11还展示了关键词随时间的出现趋势。红色标记的关键词代表当前研究的重点领域,包括:digital、circular economy、dynamic capability、transformation、sustainable。这些研究重点体现了经济领域在数字化、转型发展、可持续性和韧性方面的研究趋势,同时表现了经济领域研究中人工智能衍生技术的支撑作用:如“数字化”作为热点关键词,与“可持续性”“转型”“创新”等概念紧密关联,这种现象表明,以数字化为代表的技术驱动力量,正在推动特定领域的实质性进展,并进一步催化更广泛的研究范式变革。为致力于经济领域研究的学者提供了新的的研究方法和思路。
通过对人工智能管理科学领域整体长期趋势的描述和分领域的计量分析,我们从宏观层面揭示了人工智能驱动管理科学研究过去20年的演进脉络。为进一步深入探究人工智能技术的具体应用、近期突破及其对研究范式的重塑作用,并系统把握当前研究的前沿动态,本章节将聚焦于近期的热点领域分析,旨在识别最具创新性和前瞻性的研究方向,从而揭示当前领域的最新发展趋势及潜在的研究机遇。本文选取趋势分析展示多年来的主题变化趋势,识别近年来各领域的关键研究方向,其中气泡表示某一主题在文献中变得最流行的年份,趋势线表示主题的起止日期。气泡越大,表示该主题在该年的出现频率越高。
近年来,管理领域研究趋势主题集中于生成式AI(如chatgpt、大语言模型等)、公共管理与政策、可持续发展、transformer架构、可解释性AI(XAI)和数字化转型等方面(图12),经济领域研究趋势主题包括绿色创新、数字经济、数字化转型和可持续发展等(图13)。这些主题体现出学者对管理科学的数字化转型和可持续性方面的研究的重视,同时,研究趋势中对于生成式人工智能[23]、transformer架构[24]等技术研究的关注表现了管理科学发展的技术驱动态势。上述研究趋势带来的管理和经济领域的新变化受到学者们的广泛关注,相关研究成果主要集中在组织行为与人力资源管理、市场营销、金融和公共管理与政策等领域。
(1) 在组织行为与人力资源管理领域,随着生成式人工智能技术的发展,近年来研究重点关注生成式AI对企业劳动力需求的分职业影响及对传统劳动关系的冲击。人工智能技术革新一方面为管理实践的可持续发展提供支持,另一方面也对传统劳动力结构带来冲击[14]。一些研究发现,生成式AI在短期内降低了对部分知识型劳动力的需求[25];同时,部分研究指出其影响存在领域异质性,某些职业表现为被增强而非替代[17]。当前各国政府与学者逐渐形成共识,即人工智能应通过补充而非完全替代人力以提升生活品质,借助人机协同机制实现以往无法完成的认知与体力任务[26],这一愿景的实现亟需关注因岗位替代和初级职位技能结构变化所带来的紧迫性再培训需求。
(2) 在市场营销领域,生成式人工智能的融合正推动企业策略向数字化与智能化转型。研究表明,大规模语言模型(LLMs)显著提升企业在消费者洞察与策略优化方面的能力,尤其在文本情绪识别中表现出较高预测准确性,可捕捉语义细微差异[12]。同时,有分析指出,集成LLMs的客服代理通过改善问答质量、多轮对话与情绪识别等功能,大幅提升服务体验与客户忠诚度[27]。更根本的是,大语言模型引领了营销方法论的范式演进,例如GPT-4作为协作主体生成高质量深度访谈文本,并通过少样本学习提升合成数据的真实性与多样性,不仅降低质性研究成本,也推动该领域从规则驱动的专家系统向数据驱动的研究模式转型。
(3) 在金融领域,生成式人工智能与大语言模型应用广泛,如相关研究构建中文金融大模型以推进数据驱动的预测分析[28];学者还关注机器学习对金融包容性的提升,如基于AI的信用评分模型改善金融服务覆盖率[29]。人机协同方面,实证结果显示在股票分析任务中人类与AI协作的效果优于传统人与人或机与机协作[30],实现了差错减少与优势整合;人类引导的差异化搜索机制(如指令AI迭代生成异质性方案)也提高了金融战略方案的可行性[31]。随着人工智能技术在金融业务全链条中的渗透,数字经济持续发展,已成为经济体系的核心组成与创新增长的重要来源。
(4) 在公共管理与政策领域,人工智能技术逐步推动政策制定与执行机制向智能化和精细化发展[32],尤其体现在以数据驱动重构稀缺资源配置方式。一些实证研究表明,在器官分配政策中,研究者通过强化学习与多智能体仿真优化肺移植分配算法以降低患者等待期死亡率[33]。在应急管理中,AI推动实现从响应式处置向前瞻性调控的转型,例如融合深度学习与灾情推演,精准预测灾害链中的需求缺口,其核心机制为多智能体协同决策架构,支持极端不确定环境下的资源动态分配,为巨灾应急资源管理建立新范式[34]。这表明人工智能不仅优化了传统政策工具,也重塑了公共部门在复杂决策环境下的分析能力与行动路径。
人工智能技术的系统性渗透正驱动管理科学研究发生根本性的范式跃迁,标志着该学科从以“人—物”为核心的二元治理体系,演进至“人—物—信息”三元协同、动态耦合的新型研究架构。本文基于对Web of Science数据库中1996-2025年间管理科学与经济科学领域高质量文献的大规模计量分析,通过可视化分析方法,系统回顾了人工智能在管理科学中的技术演进、融合路径与学科整合态势,并揭示其研究热点、国家贡献格局及领域特异性。
本研究通过文献计量与系统性分析,得出以下核心结论:
(1)研究范式发生结构性变革:人工智能已从辅助性方法工具演变为推动管理理论重构与研究范畴拓展的核心驱动力,研究对象从实体要素扩展至以数据、算法与交互为核心的信息空间,推动学科逻辑从静态优化向动态适应、从因果推断向生成模拟转型。
(2)研究格局呈现国家主导与地理集聚特征:中国与美国构成该领域的双核知识生产体系,国际合作网络呈现明显的地理邻近态势,欧洲与亚太地区分别形成以英、德、意和新加坡、澳大利亚为中心的次级合作集群。
(3)研究热点具有显著的领域异质性:人工智能辅助下的管理科学研究存在显著的跨学科、跨领域交叉态势,其中,管理领域聚焦于技术嵌入后的组织适配、服务系统中的人机信任、算法稳健性等议题;经济领域则更关注预测建模的精度、自动化对劳动力结构与收入分配的影响,以及可持续性与数字化转型的机制路径,反映了两大学科在应对AI冲击时的价值取向与方法偏好差异。
基于上述发现,本文还结合管理科学的多个核心领域挖掘人工智能融合发展的近期研究重点,并提出未来研究的重点方向,强调应深入探索人机协同的内在机制与权责分配、算法治理的伦理边界与效能平衡、跨模态评估模型的效度与偏差,以及人工智能在重大决策情景中的制度适配与价值对齐等。
为响应上述变革并引导学科向纵深发展,本文从管理科学几个主要研究领域的研究现状出发,提出针对未来的研究方向展望。
(1)人工智能驱动的组织行为与人力资源管理变革研究
当前研究已证实人机协同在提升创造力和决策能力方面的优势,并揭示了其“替代常规任务+强化非常规认知”的双重效应。然而,目前对与人机互动增强的内在机制与激发条件的研究略显不足,人机权责分配对雇佣关系的重塑机制尚不明确。未来研究应聚焦以下研究议题:设计高透明、高可控的算法交互机制,以缓解AI引入带来的权力焦虑与角色模糊;基于动态任务数据,打造可实时优化的人机能力匹配系统;以及寻求算法管理在提升效率与保障员工幸福感、隐私感知之间的动态平衡等。
(2)人工智能驱动的市场营销研究
过去研究主要集中于讨论影响企业或消费者人工智能技术采纳和应用的因素,但LLM生成合成消费者与模拟市场环境的效度、偏差与伦理边界仍需系统考察。未来研究应融合大语言模型生成合成数据与自然场景测试进行研究,具体包括:如何确定AIGC真实性认证与版权归属,并系统考察其效度、偏差与伦理边界,以应对虚拟内容泛滥导致的品牌信誉风险;研究AI代理作为新兴市场行动者,在与人类消费者的交互中建立信任、形成情感联结的内在机制;以及基于AI技术的动态定价等系统如何在提升商业效率的同时,兼顾消费者隐私、自主性与福祉的平衡。
(3)人工智能驱动的金融研究
人工智能在显著提升金融运作效率的同时,也引入了新的市场复杂性和系统性风险,复杂AI模型的黑箱性与脆弱性引发的新型风险亟需关注。未来研究应聚焦于构建兼顾预测精度与审计合规的风险预警系统,包括以下几个方面:如何建立模型稳定性与脆弱性的多维指标体系,以识别复杂AI模型在资产定价、风险计量和高频交易中应用的系统性风险;探索XAI在信用评估、反欺诈与合规监管中的实现路径,以应对模型可审计性与合规要求;以及针对AI系统决策偏差的责任归属问题,构建跨学科的的问责机制和责任框架。
(4)人工智能驱动的公共管理与政策研究
人工智能技术正在系统重塑公共部门的决策机制、服务模式与治理结构,推动政策制定与执行机制向智能化和精细化发展,但在公共管理情境中多目标约束条件下实现动态优化与前瞻调控的路径仍需探索。未来研究应结合多智能体仿真与深度强化学习,构建政策干预的“数字孪生”平台,实现对复杂政策系统中连锁效应的动态推演。重点研究方向包括:设计具备韧性与鲁棒性的公共AI系统故障应急响应机制;优化AI在应急管理等不确定情境下的动态资源调配能力;以及探索人工智能在公共服务智能化供给中的实施路径与公平性保证机制,以确保技术红利得以广泛共享,防止治理能力不均的进一步加剧。
人工智能不仅重塑了管理科学的研究图景与方法体系,更在认识论层面推动学科从“人类中心主义”向“人机互构共生”演进。未来研究需立足于“技术赋能”与“制度适配”的双重视角,在理论构建、方法创新与治理实践中寻求动态平衡,发展出兼具解释力、预见力与调控力的新一代管理科学框架。本文所提出的研究路径与操作议题,旨在为学界提供可借鉴的的观点,助力构建响应智能时代挑战的管理科学新范式,推动人工智能与管理科学研究的深度融合和协同发展。

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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-03
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    1 国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部, 北京 100085
    2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101

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吴刚(1977-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail:。
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