Article(id=1315693780565610672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=1757260800000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791615441695, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1791993600000, pubDateStr=2026-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791615441695, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791615441695, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791615441695, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315693724970103290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='2017', pageEnd='2240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791993600000', pubDateStr='2026-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791615428440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791615454688, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315693835188031766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315693835188031767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2194, endPage=2206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315693780771131569, articleId=1315693780565610672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Beyond structure: Structure conformity of local fiscal expenditure on S&T and regional innovation, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the context of fiscal constraints faced by local governments, it is an imperative issue to improve the allocation of science and technology (S&T) expenditure and enhance the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Research and development activities can be divided into basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Based on the resource-based view, extant studies suggest that the structure of local S&T expenditure as a critical resource endowment, directly shapes innovation performance. Beyond the resource-based view, local governments must weigh central mandates and peer competition—rather than efficiency alone—when setting S&T budgets, owing to multidimensional performance metrics.

Extant literature shows that local governments exhibit two distinctive traits when allocating S&T expenditure under the institutional pressure. First, local government complies the S&T strategies of central government. Within China’s centralized political system, subnational governments consistently align their fiscal priorities with those of the central government. When a national S&T initiative is announced, local governments rapidly mobilize resources to establish similar projects—such as provincial-level science parks, key laboratories, and engineering research centers—that closely reflect the central policy blueprint. Second, there is a convergence in S&T expenditure across local governments. As fiscal S&T expenditure has become a key performance metric in governmental evaluation systems, competition among local governments in the S&T domain has significantly intensified. In pursuit of competition advantage, local officials routinely benchmark their S&T expenditures against peer regions and recalibrate their budgetary allocations in response. This strategic behavior results in a noticeable homogenization of S&T funding patterns across local governments.

Although existing studies indicate that local governments align their fiscal S&T expenditures with both central and peer governments, few studies have examined the impact of such conformity on regional innovation performance. Furthermore, while prior research has mainly examined convergence in the scale of S&T expenditure, little attention has been given to structural conformity in fiscal S&T expenditure. Under the current fiscal constraints, how local governments choose the structure of S&T expenditures to improve regional innovation performance is a critical issue.Based on organizational legitimacy theory, this study examines the relationship between compliance, convergence of local government of S&T expenditure structure and regional innovation, as well as the moderating role of local official turnover. Using an unbalanced panel dataset from 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2013 to 2022, we employ a fixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) model.

The findings reveal that compliance with central government in fiscal S&T expenditure structure is positively associated with regional innovation. That is, when local governments align their S&T expenditure structure with that of the central government, they gain access to central S&T resources and policy support, thereby fostering regional innovation. Conversely, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between convergence with peer governments and regional innovation. The moderate level of conformity in S&T expenditure structure among local governments helps accumulate R&D resources and facilitates innovation; however, beyond a certain threshold, the costs of homogenization outweigh the legitimacy benefits, ultimately hindering regional innovation. Furthermore, the local official turnover weakens the positive relationship between compliance and regional innovation but does not significantly affect the relationship between convergence and regional innovation.

, authors=Bo ZHANG1, Yu-tao SUN1, 2, authorsList=Bo ZHANG, Yu-tao SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-tao SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315693781417054388, articleId=1315693780565610672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=超越结构:地方财政科技结构一致与区域创新, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

我国地方财政科技支出增速放缓,如何进一步优化地方财政科技支出决策,提升区域创新水平,成为亟待解决的现实问题。本文从组织合法性视角出发,探讨了地方政府在面临中央政府制度约束和同级地方政府竞争背景下,如何进行科技财政一致性决策获取合法性,以促进自身创新发展,具体研究了地方财政科技支出结构的遵从一致性和趋同一致性与区域创新的关系,以及地方官员变更的调节作用。本文利用固定效应OLS模型,对2013-2022年我国31个省级行政区域(香港、澳门、台湾除外)的面板数据开展实证研究。研究结果表明:地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性与区域创新之间呈正向关系,即地方财政科技支出结构与中央政府保持一致,通过获取中央科技资源支持促进区域创新发展;而趋同一致性与区域创新之间呈倒U型关系,即地方政府间保持适度相似,能够积累研发要素促进区域创新,然而超过某一阈值后,追求同质性成本大于合法性收益,不利于区域创新。此外,地方官员变更削弱了遵从一致性与区域创新之间的正向关系,但并未对趋同一致性与创新之间的关系产生影响。本文丰富了组织合法性视角下政府行为一致性的效果研究,为地方财政科技支出战略决策提供有益参考。

, authors=张博1, 孙玉涛1, 2, authorsList=张博, 孙玉涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙玉涛, authorNote=

张博(1995-),女,博士研究生。

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孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授,博士,E-mail:。
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Evidence from banks’ loan portfolios, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315746584428659294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, awardId=24VRC061, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315746575591260721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746575612232242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, companyId=1315746575591260721, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746575662563891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, companyId=1315746575591260721, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315746575838724660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746575855501877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, companyId=1315746575838724660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Research Center for S&T Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Industrial Transformation, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746575893250614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, companyId=1315746575838724660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315746581425537614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Theoretical framework, figureFileSmall=fumVYN7WxINEyiP8aDzsRg==, figureFileBig=dhl9nuXrN4+IfqOlM7B4og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315746581505229391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究概念模型, figureFileSmall=fumVYN7WxINEyiP8aDzsRg==, figureFileBig=dhl9nuXrN4+IfqOlM7B4og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315746581610086992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Definition and measurement of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 变量符号 变量测量
因变量 区域创新 Innovation 利用该地区每万人发明专利授权量衡量区域创新水平,单位为件/万人。
自变量 遵从一致性 Compliance 利用余弦相似系数,计算该地区与中央政府的科技支出科目的一致程度。
趋同一致性 Convergence 利用余弦相似系数,计算该地区与同级政府科技支出平均水平的科目一致程度。
调节变量 地方官员变更 Turnover 借鉴以往研究,若该地区省委书记或省长发生变更时记为1,否则记为0。
控制变量 经济发展水平 GDP 利用该地区人均GDP数值衡量,单位为亿元/万人。
产业发展水平 Industry 利用该地区第二产业增加值占GDP比重衡量产业发展程度。
人力资本水平 HC 利用该地区每百万人在校大学生数量衡量人力资本水平。
财政投入水平 Fiscal 利用该地区人均财政支出数额衡量财政投入水平,单位为亿元/万人。
市场活跃程度 Market 利用该地区技术市场交易额占GDP比重测量市场交易活跃程度。
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581685584465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量名称及测量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 变量符号 变量测量
因变量 区域创新 Innovation 利用该地区每万人发明专利授权量衡量区域创新水平,单位为件/万人。
自变量 遵从一致性 Compliance 利用余弦相似系数,计算该地区与中央政府的科技支出科目的一致程度。
趋同一致性 Convergence 利用余弦相似系数,计算该地区与同级政府科技支出平均水平的科目一致程度。
调节变量 地方官员变更 Turnover 借鉴以往研究,若该地区省委书记或省长发生变更时记为1,否则记为0。
控制变量 经济发展水平 GDP 利用该地区人均GDP数值衡量,单位为亿元/万人。
产业发展水平 Industry 利用该地区第二产业增加值占GDP比重衡量产业发展程度。
人力资本水平 HC 利用该地区每百万人在校大学生数量衡量人力资本水平。
财政投入水平 Fiscal 利用该地区人均财政支出数额衡量财政投入水平,单位为亿元/万人。
市场活跃程度 Market 利用该地区技术市场交易额占GDP比重测量市场交易活跃程度。
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581765276242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Conformity of local government’s expenditure structure on S&T

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省份 遵从一致性 趋同一致性 省份 遵从一致性 趋同一致性
2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年
安徽 0.90 0.15 0.79 0.63 辽宁 0.74 0.69 0.57 0.90
北京 0.54 0.89 0.97 0.76 内蒙古 0.32 0.80 0.30 0.85
福建 0.51 0.81 0.97 0.83 宁夏 0.15 0.15 0.60 0.60
甘肃 0.24 0.90 0.89 0.86 青海 0.39 0.67 0.92 0.72
广东 0.78 0.64 0.88 0.75 山东 0.68 0.61 0.56 0.90
广西 0.68 0.36 0.96 0.81 山西 0.88 0.43 0.80 0.66
贵州 0.43 0.80 0.94 0.65 陕西 0.16 0.60 0.83 0.72
海南 0.31 0.53 0.86 0.71 上海 0.21 0.56 0.85 0.82
河北 0.59 0.76 0.97 0.90 四川 0.26 0.91 0.48 0.86
河南 0.67 0.37 0.88 0.83 天津 0.48 0.37 0.95 0.78
黑龙江 0.47 0.73 0.90 0.83 西藏 0.14 0.10 0.85 0.60
湖北 0.12 0.15 0.81 0.59 新疆 0.65 0.88 0.89 0.87
湖南 0.62 0.79 0.89 0.91 云南 0.30 0.66 0.92 0.74
吉林 0.56 0.83 0.84 0.86 浙江 0.62 0.64 0.75 0.64
江苏 0.62 0.68 0.98 0.86 重庆 0.28 0.70 0.91 0.93
江西 0.43 0.71 0.82 0.99
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地方政府科技支出结构一致性水平

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省份 遵从一致性 趋同一致性 省份 遵从一致性 趋同一致性
2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年 2015年 2022年
安徽 0.90 0.15 0.79 0.63 辽宁 0.74 0.69 0.57 0.90
北京 0.54 0.89 0.97 0.76 内蒙古 0.32 0.80 0.30 0.85
福建 0.51 0.81 0.97 0.83 宁夏 0.15 0.15 0.60 0.60
甘肃 0.24 0.90 0.89 0.86 青海 0.39 0.67 0.92 0.72
广东 0.78 0.64 0.88 0.75 山东 0.68 0.61 0.56 0.90
广西 0.68 0.36 0.96 0.81 山西 0.88 0.43 0.80 0.66
贵州 0.43 0.80 0.94 0.65 陕西 0.16 0.60 0.83 0.72
海南 0.31 0.53 0.86 0.71 上海 0.21 0.56 0.85 0.82
河北 0.59 0.76 0.97 0.90 四川 0.26 0.91 0.48 0.86
河南 0.67 0.37 0.88 0.83 天津 0.48 0.37 0.95 0.78
黑龙江 0.47 0.73 0.90 0.83 西藏 0.14 0.10 0.85 0.60
湖北 0.12 0.15 0.81 0.59 新疆 0.65 0.88 0.89 0.87
湖南 0.62 0.79 0.89 0.91 云南 0.30 0.66 0.92 0.74
吉林 0.56 0.83 0.84 0.86 浙江 0.62 0.64 0.75 0.64
江苏 0.62 0.68 0.98 0.86 重庆 0.28 0.70 0.91 0.93
江西 0.43 0.71 0.82 0.99
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581907882580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Descriptive statistical results and correlation analysis of main variables

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变量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Innovation 1
2 Compliance 0.165*** 1
3 Convergence -0.048 0.159*** 1
4 Turnover -0.083 -0.033 0.059 1
5 Gdp 0.784*** 0.109* -0.121** -0.113** 1
6 Industry -0.489*** -0.076 -0.065 0.075 -0.309*** 1
7 HC 0.520*** 0.041 0.042 -0.027 0.560*** -0.335*** 1
8 Fiscal 0.318*** -0.232*** -0.202*** -0.083 0.342*** -0.390*** 0.110* 1
9 Market 0.832*** 0.011 -0.117** -0.109* 0.610*** -0.535*** 0.579*** 0.439*** 1
Min 0.10 0.04 0.24 0 2.31 0.16 31.88 0.59 0.39
Max 40.35 0.96 0.99 1 19.05 0.57 275.54 7.12 28.98
Std. 4.62 0.24 0.13 0.46 3.05 0.08 45.58 0.92 4.43
Mean 2.59 0.51 0.79 0.30 6.37 0.41 123.33 1.59 3.94
Obs. 310 285 285 310 310 310 310 310 310
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描述性统计与相关性分析

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变量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Innovation 1
2 Compliance 0.165*** 1
3 Convergence -0.048 0.159*** 1
4 Turnover -0.083 -0.033 0.059 1
5 Gdp 0.784*** 0.109* -0.121** -0.113** 1
6 Industry -0.489*** -0.076 -0.065 0.075 -0.309*** 1
7 HC 0.520*** 0.041 0.042 -0.027 0.560*** -0.335*** 1
8 Fiscal 0.318*** -0.232*** -0.202*** -0.083 0.342*** -0.390*** 0.110* 1
9 Market 0.832*** 0.011 -0.117** -0.109* 0.610*** -0.535*** 0.579*** 0.439*** 1
Min 0.10 0.04 0.24 0 2.31 0.16 31.88 0.59 0.39
Max 40.35 0.96 0.99 1 19.05 0.57 275.54 7.12 28.98
Std. 4.62 0.24 0.13 0.46 3.05 0.08 45.58 0.92 4.43
Mean 2.59 0.51 0.79 0.30 6.37 0.41 123.33 1.59 3.94
Obs. 310 285 285 310 310 310 310 310 310
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Basic regression results

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变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Compliance 1.7878*** 2.1840***
(0.6329) (0.7536)
Convergence 12.8633*** 12.3849***
(4.2163) (4.6243)
Convergence_sq -8.0144*** -7.4817**
(3.0237) (3.3612)
Compliance×Turnover -1.2453*
(0.6560)
Convergence×Turnover 0.4012
(7.1222)
Convergence_sq×Turnover -0.9432
(4.9826)
Turnover 0.5562 0.2150
(0.3525) (2.4955)
GDP 1.4101*** 1.4374*** 1.3986*** 1.4378***
(0.3078) (0.3152) (0.3033) (0.3168)
Industry -0.6459 2.4987 -1.0144 2.4138
(3.2238) (3.7278) (3.2858) (3.7518)
HC 0.0105 0.0094 0.0086 0.0087
(0.0085) (0.0088) (0.0088) (0.0089)
Fiscal -0.5692 -0.2175 -0.5020 -0.1987
(0.8560) (0.8843) (0.8490) (0.8882)
Market 0.4902*** 0.5250*** 0.4965*** 0.5316***
(0.1204) (0.1279) (0.1199) (0.1295)
常数项 -8.8262*** -14.9596*** -8.6777*** -14.8248***
(2.5981) (3.9362) (2.6302) (3.9567)
时间固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes
个体固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 254 254 254 254
adj. R2 0.9375 0.9374 0.9377 0.9367
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基本回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Compliance 1.7878*** 2.1840***
(0.6329) (0.7536)
Convergence 12.8633*** 12.3849***
(4.2163) (4.6243)
Convergence_sq -8.0144*** -7.4817**
(3.0237) (3.3612)
Compliance×Turnover -1.2453*
(0.6560)
Convergence×Turnover 0.4012
(7.1222)
Convergence_sq×Turnover -0.9432
(4.9826)
Turnover 0.5562 0.2150
(0.3525) (2.4955)
GDP 1.4101*** 1.4374*** 1.3986*** 1.4378***
(0.3078) (0.3152) (0.3033) (0.3168)
Industry -0.6459 2.4987 -1.0144 2.4138
(3.2238) (3.7278) (3.2858) (3.7518)
HC 0.0105 0.0094 0.0086 0.0087
(0.0085) (0.0088) (0.0088) (0.0089)
Fiscal -0.5692 -0.2175 -0.5020 -0.1987
(0.8560) (0.8843) (0.8490) (0.8882)
Market 0.4902*** 0.5250*** 0.4965*** 0.5316***
(0.1204) (0.1279) (0.1199) (0.1295)
常数项 -8.8262*** -14.9596*** -8.6777*** -14.8248***
(2.5981) (3.9362) (2.6302) (3.9567)
时间固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes
个体固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 254 254 254 254
adj. R2 0.9375 0.9374 0.9377 0.9367
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582214066776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of the U-test

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Convergence
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Interval 0.2359 0.9902
Slope 9.0820 -3.0079
t-value 3.2304 -1.5744
P>|t| 0.0007 0.0585
Extreme Point 估计值 95%置信区间
0.8025 [0.7246,1.1587]
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U-Test检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Convergence
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Interval 0.2359 0.9902
Slope 9.0820 -3.0079
t-value 3.2304 -1.5744
P>|t| 0.0007 0.0585
Extreme Point 估计值 95%置信区间
0.8025 [0.7246,1.1587]
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582398616154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of the Heckman two-stage model

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变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Compliance t-1 4.3953***
(0.5100)
Convergence t-1 0.9286***
(0.1725)
Compliance 1.2656**
(0.5209)
Convergence 14.7498***
(4.7814)
Convergence_sq -9.5843***
(3.4606)
IMR 0.0441 0.6746*
(0.2197) (0.3894)
常数项 -1.2985 0.3990 -8.5552*** -14.6382***
(0.8485) (0.7111) (2.9474) (4.1131)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 254 254 223 223
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582490890843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

Heckman两阶段模型估计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
Compliance t-1 4.3953***
(0.5100)
Convergence t-1 0.9286***
(0.1725)
Compliance 1.2656**
(0.5209)
Convergence 14.7498***
(4.7814)
Convergence_sq -9.5843***
(3.4606)
IMR 0.0441 0.6746*
(0.2197) (0.3894)
常数项 -1.2985 0.3990 -8.5552*** -14.6382***
(0.8485) (0.7111) (2.9474) (4.1131)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 254 254 223 223
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582578971228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693780565610672, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Robustness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation_index t+1 Innovation t+2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Compliance 0.0844*** 0.1071*** 1.8448*** 2.5423***
(0.0238) (0.0276) (0.5733) (0.6576)
Convergence 0.5629*** 0.5534*** 13.9210*** 14.1659***
(0.1831) (0.2106) (4.3231) (4.7650)
Convergence_sq -0.3652*** -0.3513** -9.0987*** -9.0511***
(0.1293) (0.1504) (3.0634) (3.3731)
Compliance×Turnover -0.0625** -1.8859***
(0.0258) (0.6508)
Convergence×
Turnover
-0.0065 -2.0622
(0.3029) (6.2874)
Convergence_sq×
Turnover
-0.0162 0.7988
(0.2080) (4.4521)
Turnover 0.0269** 0.0112 0.7287** 0.9037
(0.0127) (0.1094) (0.3335) (2.1822)
常数项 -0.4057*** -0.6836*** -0.3958*** -0.6775*** -8.0716*** -14.8415*** -7.6480*** -14.7209***
(0.1000) (0.1661) (0.0992) (0.1705) (2.5037) (4.0405) (2.5150) (4.1455)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
时间固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
个体固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 223 223 223 223 223 223 223 223
adj. R2 0.9284 0.9260 0.9300 0.9250 0.9579 0.9573 0.9597 0.9571
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稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 Innovation_index t+1 Innovation t+2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Compliance 0.0844*** 0.1071*** 1.8448*** 2.5423***
(0.0238) (0.0276) (0.5733) (0.6576)
Convergence 0.5629*** 0.5534*** 13.9210*** 14.1659***
(0.1831) (0.2106) (4.3231) (4.7650)
Convergence_sq -0.3652*** -0.3513** -9.0987*** -9.0511***
(0.1293) (0.1504) (3.0634) (3.3731)
Compliance×Turnover -0.0625** -1.8859***
(0.0258) (0.6508)
Convergence×
Turnover
-0.0065 -2.0622
(0.3029) (6.2874)
Convergence_sq×
Turnover
-0.0162 0.7988
(0.2080) (4.4521)
Turnover 0.0269** 0.0112 0.7287** 0.9037
(0.0127) (0.1094) (0.3335) (2.1822)
常数项 -0.4057*** -0.6836*** -0.3958*** -0.6775*** -8.0716*** -14.8415*** -7.6480*** -14.7209***
(0.1000) (0.1661) (0.0992) (0.1705) (2.5037) (4.0405) (2.5150) (4.1455)
控制变量 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
时间固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
个体固定 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 223 223 223 223 223 223 223 223
adj. R2 0.9284 0.9260 0.9300 0.9250 0.9579 0.9573 0.9597 0.9571
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超越结构:地方财政科技结构一致与区域创新
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张博 1 , 孙玉涛 1, 2
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(10): 2194-2206
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (10) : 2194 -2206
超越结构:地方财政科技结构一致与区域创新
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张博(1995-),女,博士研究生。

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张博(1995-),女,博士研究生。

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张博1, 孙玉涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
  • 2 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024
通讯作者:
孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授,博士,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张博(1995-),女,博士研究生。

Beyond structure: Structure conformity of local fiscal expenditure on S&T and regional innovation
Bo ZHANG1, Yu-tao SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2 Research Center for S&T Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Industrial Transformation, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2026-10-15
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我国地方财政科技支出增速放缓,如何进一步优化地方财政科技支出决策,提升区域创新水平,成为亟待解决的现实问题。本文从组织合法性视角出发,探讨了地方政府在面临中央政府制度约束和同级地方政府竞争背景下,如何进行科技财政一致性决策获取合法性,以促进自身创新发展,具体研究了地方财政科技支出结构的遵从一致性和趋同一致性与区域创新的关系,以及地方官员变更的调节作用。本文利用固定效应OLS模型,对2013-2022年我国31个省级行政区域(香港、澳门、台湾除外)的面板数据开展实证研究。研究结果表明:地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性与区域创新之间呈正向关系,即地方财政科技支出结构与中央政府保持一致,通过获取中央科技资源支持促进区域创新发展;而趋同一致性与区域创新之间呈倒U型关系,即地方政府间保持适度相似,能够积累研发要素促进区域创新,然而超过某一阈值后,追求同质性成本大于合法性收益,不利于区域创新。此外,地方官员变更削弱了遵从一致性与区域创新之间的正向关系,但并未对趋同一致性与创新之间的关系产生影响。本文丰富了组织合法性视角下政府行为一致性的效果研究,为地方财政科技支出战略决策提供有益参考。

组织合法性  /  行为一致性  /  科技支出结构  /  地方政府  /  中央政府  /  区域创新

In the context of fiscal constraints faced by local governments, it is an imperative issue to improve the allocation of science and technology (S&T) expenditure and enhance the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Research and development activities can be divided into basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Based on the resource-based view, extant studies suggest that the structure of local S&T expenditure as a critical resource endowment, directly shapes innovation performance. Beyond the resource-based view, local governments must weigh central mandates and peer competition—rather than efficiency alone—when setting S&T budgets, owing to multidimensional performance metrics.

Extant literature shows that local governments exhibit two distinctive traits when allocating S&T expenditure under the institutional pressure. First, local government complies the S&T strategies of central government. Within China’s centralized political system, subnational governments consistently align their fiscal priorities with those of the central government. When a national S&T initiative is announced, local governments rapidly mobilize resources to establish similar projects—such as provincial-level science parks, key laboratories, and engineering research centers—that closely reflect the central policy blueprint. Second, there is a convergence in S&T expenditure across local governments. As fiscal S&T expenditure has become a key performance metric in governmental evaluation systems, competition among local governments in the S&T domain has significantly intensified. In pursuit of competition advantage, local officials routinely benchmark their S&T expenditures against peer regions and recalibrate their budgetary allocations in response. This strategic behavior results in a noticeable homogenization of S&T funding patterns across local governments.

Although existing studies indicate that local governments align their fiscal S&T expenditures with both central and peer governments, few studies have examined the impact of such conformity on regional innovation performance. Furthermore, while prior research has mainly examined convergence in the scale of S&T expenditure, little attention has been given to structural conformity in fiscal S&T expenditure. Under the current fiscal constraints, how local governments choose the structure of S&T expenditures to improve regional innovation performance is a critical issue.Based on organizational legitimacy theory, this study examines the relationship between compliance, convergence of local government of S&T expenditure structure and regional innovation, as well as the moderating role of local official turnover. Using an unbalanced panel dataset from 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2013 to 2022, we employ a fixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) model.

The findings reveal that compliance with central government in fiscal S&T expenditure structure is positively associated with regional innovation. That is, when local governments align their S&T expenditure structure with that of the central government, they gain access to central S&T resources and policy support, thereby fostering regional innovation. Conversely, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between convergence with peer governments and regional innovation. The moderate level of conformity in S&T expenditure structure among local governments helps accumulate R&D resources and facilitates innovation; however, beyond a certain threshold, the costs of homogenization outweigh the legitimacy benefits, ultimately hindering regional innovation. Furthermore, the local official turnover weakens the positive relationship between compliance and regional innovation but does not significantly affect the relationship between convergence and regional innovation.

organizational legitimacy  /  structure conformity  /  fiscal expenditure on S&T  /  local government  /  central government  /  regional innovation
张博, 孙玉涛. 超越结构:地方财政科技结构一致与区域创新. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2194 -2206 .
Bo ZHANG, Yu-tao SUN. Beyond structure: Structure conformity of local fiscal expenditure on S&T and regional innovation[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2194 -2206 .
当前,我国财政支出总量约束甚至存在缩量风险,地方政府如何优化财政科技支出决策,成为提升区域创新能力、实现经济高质量发展的关键。科技活动分为基础研究、应用研究、技术研究与开发等,资源观认为地方政府科技支出结构是创新能力或者绩效的来源[1,2]。实际上,由于政府绩效评估标准复杂,地方政府决策不完全是绩效反馈或者效率导向,还需要考虑中央政府约束以及同级政府竞争压力[3]。
在中央政府和同级地方政府双重压力下,地方政府在科技支出决策上会呈现出两种特征。一是,对中央科技战略的遵从。在我国政治集权体制下,地方政府会模仿中央财政行为做出决策[4]。当中央设立相关科技专项后,地方政府也会将资金投入到与中央相对应的项目建设上,如省级科技园区、重点实验室和工程技术中心等[5,6]。此外,地方政府的政策执行呈现出显著的选择性特征,当中央部署的任务具有较强的财政激励和绩效约束时,地方政府会努力推动任务完成[7]。二是,地方政府间科技支出策略存在显著的趋同现象。财政科技投入近年来已经成为地方政府考核中的硬性指标[8],加剧了地方政府科技财政的竞争。地方政府为了避免处于竞争劣势,会根据竞争对手的科技投入情况来决定和调整本地区的投入规模和占比,导致地方政府间财政科技支出的同质化[9]。
综上,地方政府会采取两种财政科技支出策略以应对制度压力——与中央政府科技支出一致和与其他地方政府科技支出一致[4]。然而,已有研究主要聚焦于地方政府财政支出的一致性行为及前因[4],忽视了行为后果,即地方政府科技支出一致性是否提升了创新绩效。其次,现有研究主要关注地方财政科技支出规模的一致[10],并未聚焦到财政科技支出结构一致性。在当前财政总量约束下,地方政府如何选择财政科技支出结构提升区域创新绩效是关键。
为此,本文从组织合法性视角出发聚焦地方财政科技支出行为一致性,提出地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性(与中央政府科技支出结构一致)和趋同一致性(与地方政府科技支出结构平均水平一致)的区域创新效应,进一步考察地方官员变更的调节作用,并利用我国2013-2022年31个省级行政区域的面板数据(香港、澳门、台湾除外)进行实证研究。本研究拓展了地方财政科技支出一致性从前因向后果的研究,探索了制度压力转化为创新绩效的机制。此外,聚焦地方财政科技支出结构,拓展了政府科技支出行为一致性的内涵。
制度理论中“合法性”被定义为在特定社会规范与价值体系中,某行为或实体被普遍认为合理正当的状态[11]。个体组织会顺应制度压力,通过在过程或结构上保持一致获得合法性,进而利用合法性调动其他关键资源,建立组织竞争优势[11]。Frumkin和Galaskiewicz[3]研究指出,虽然学界已普遍认同组织会通过和同一环境中其他组织保持一致获取合法性,但对于和谁一致(conformity to what),即定位基准的问题仍旧模糊不清。Ashworth等[12]将组织行为一致性分为遵从一致性(compliance)和趋同一致性(convergence)。遵从一致性是指随着时间推移,组织会朝着与制度压力一致的某个确定的方向演变,并最终与该方向相似的程度;趋同一致性是指一个领域中所有组织彼此更加相似的程度,是在不施加方向性前提下的自主选择行为。在本文中,遵从一致性是指地方政府在中央制度约束下,与中央政府科技支出结构一致;趋同一致性是指地方政府在同行竞争压力下,与地方政府科技支出结构平均水平一致。
现有研究认为组织的合法性获取行为会通过两种作用机制影响组织绩效[3]。一种观点是拥有合法性的组织更可能获取外部资源,进而提高组织绩效[13]。另一种观点则认为组织获取合法性是有成本的,可能导致组织惯性增强,适应能力下降,不利于组织发展[14]。进一步地,部分学者认为组织合法性对绩效的影响取决于合法性来源的差异,认为不同合法性来源提供的资源类型不同,其制度逻辑和利益诉求也不同,对组织绩效产生不同影响[15]。
基于此,本文提出地方政府遵从一致性和趋同一致性对区域创新绩效的影响存在差异化作用机制,这种差异源于合法性来源及其提供资源特质的不同[15]。一方面,地方政府遵从一致性的合法性来源为中央政府,通过获取中央政府的科技资源倾斜和政策扶持,提升区域创新水平。另一方面,地方政府趋同一致性的合法性来源为市场中的社会公众和投资者等,通过吸引市场中研发资本、人力资本等要素流入,提升区域创新,但存在最优阈值,超过该阈值后同质性竞争成本大于认知合法性收益,趋同一致性会对区域创新产生抑制作用。
在政府组织中,遵从性的制度压力主要来自拥有立法和财政资源的上级政府。中央政府对科技创新活动的重视会对地方政府形成压力[5]。例如,中央政府多次强调加强基础研究是实现高水平科技自立自强的迫切要求。当地方政府对中央政府表现出遵从行为,即服从中央政府利益,并跟随中央政府的科技战略配置资源时,能获得中央政府的合法性认同[7],促进区域创新发展。
中央政府的合法性认同体现为中央政府科技资源的支持,这种支持能够有效弥补区域创新资源短板,进而提升区域创新水平。具体而言,一是,中央政府通过基础研究资源投入填补地方在创新链前端的资源缺口,例如,通过增加科技专项转移支付资金、扶持地方科研基础条件建设、培育专业性技术创新平台和科技创新项目示范等,增强基础研究知识供给,降低区域财政科技负担,提高区域创新水平。二是,地方政府遵从行为更容易获得中央政府认可,被遴选为政策试点地区,通过给予具体指导、提供相应配套措施等方式聚集创新要素,提升区域科技创新。三是,中央政府通过设置财政奖励,对执行中央科技创新政策较为积极的地区给予财政支持[16]。基于此,中央政府合法性认同带来的科技资源能够更有针对性地匹配区域创新需求,引导地方政府推动科技创新战略的落地实施,进而提高区域创新水平。由此,提出假设1:
假设1:地方政府遵从一致性,即焦点地方政府与中央政府科技支出结构一致与区域创新之间存在正向关系。
在财政科技结构中,无论是基础、应用研究还是技术研究与开发,都面临着很强的技术不确定性和市场风险[2]。地方政府为了降低决策失误风险,往往会模仿其他地方政府科技投入行为,导致地方政府间科技支出趋于一致[3]。地方政府与同级政府科技支出结构保持适度一致时,通过采纳被市场中利益相关者(如投资者、科研人员等)广泛认同的科技投入策略,吸引创新要素在本地集聚,促进创新发展;然而,随着趋同一致性程度不断增强且超过一定界限时,会抑制地方政府在区域科技创新活动中的主观能动性,不利于区域创新。
具体而言,当趋同一致性程度较低时,焦点地方政府科技支出结构严重偏离同行的平均水平,会损害其市场合法性,不利于区域创新。由于没有遵循常规的科技支出结构,地方政府可能会引发社会公众和投资者的误解,导致区域内研发人员和研发资本的外流。随着趋同一致性程度的提升,提高地方政府科技事务的市场合法性,从而得到研发资本和研发人员的认同和支持[17],吸引外部研发资本和要素向本地流入,促进本地创新资源的累积和集聚,同时可以降低不确定性以避免失败的风险[18],提升区域创新水平。
然而,当地方政府过度强调与其他地方政府科技支出结构保持一致时,由于地区之间资源禀赋、产业结构和科技基础等方面存在差异,地方政府可能会忽视本地特有需求和条件,造成政策供给与创新需求错配。地方政府过度照搬其他地区的创新模式,会削弱地方政府根据本地比较优势制定差异化创新策略的能力,形成路径依赖和锁定效应,此时同质化带来的成本要高于利益相关者带来的合法性收益,抑制本地区创新潜力[19]。由此,提出假设2:
假设2:地方政府趋同一致性,即焦点地方政府与同级政府科技支出结构(平均水平)一致与区域创新之间存在倒U型关系。
政治稳定性是影响地方政府合法性资源获取的重要因素。官员的执政理念、财政支出偏好和风险承受能力存在显著差异,官员变更通常会引发地方政府政策和资源配置策略的调整[20],对区域经济、财政效率等产生影响[21]。地方官员变更会产生政策不确定性,削弱合法性机制的作用,弱化地方政府行为与创新绩效之间的关系[20]。
地方官员变更会削弱遵从一致性对区域创新的促进作用。由于官员变更会引发中央与地方互动关系的再调整,影响中央政府对地方政府的合法性认知,进而制约地方的创新活动。具体而言,地方主政官员变更会引发中央政府对地方政府执行意愿与能力的重新评估。在信息不对称的情况下,中央政府难以在短期内判断新任官员的施政能力与合作倾向,在分配科技资源时,往往会趋于审慎,降低对该地区的支持力度。地方政府通过积极响应中央战略以获取资源倾斜的原有路径受阻,其借助遵从行为获取关键创新资源的能力被削弱。由此,提出假设3:
假设3:地方官员变更会削弱地方政府遵从一致性与区域创新之间的正向关系。
当地方政府趋同一致性程度在临界值内时,地方官员变更会减弱趋同一致性与区域创新之间的积极影响;当趋同一致性程度超过临界值时,官员变更能够缓解趋同一致性对区域创新的抑制效应。
具体而言,当地方政府趋同一致性处于临界值内时,官员变更引发的政策不确定性会干扰创新要素的稳定预期,导致风险资本因短期不确定性而暂缓进入,部分抵消了地方政府趋同一致性带来的合法性收益,削弱了趋同一致性对区域创新产生的积极作用。当地方政府趋同一致性程度超出临界值时,由于新任官员往往通过新的差异化政策彰显施政能力[21],主动打破同质化竞争格局的行为,有助于重构地方比较优势。此外,官员变更带来的政策调整契机,能够有效克服原有科技支出结构的路径依赖,为重新匹配本地创新需求提供可能,进一步缓解了过度趋同产生的负面影响。由此,提出假设4:
假设4:地方官员变更会削弱地方政府趋同一致性与区域创新之间的倒U型关系。
综上,本研究概念模型如图1所示。
本文采用了2013-2022年中国31个省级行政区域的非平衡面板数据(香港、澳门、台湾除外),探究地方财政科技支出结构一致性对区域创新的影响。我国科技事权传统聚焦于三级乃至更多层级政府,但基于科技事务管理的特殊性,对于科技事权的探讨集中在中央政府和省级政府两级更具价值。因为市县级地方政府作为基层单位,其科技经费主要投入在如农业技术推广等创新属性较弱的非研发类活动,以保证地方事务的有序开展[22]。
目前统计资料中尚未系统性汇报省级行政区政府科技支出下各类细分科目(如科学技术管理事务、基础研究、应用研究等)支出情况。本文从财政部省级预决算公开专栏、各省政府网站预决算统一公开平台,手动检索各地区省本级政府历年财政决算数据,从省本级决算支出的一般公共预算支出决算表中提取支出项目为科学技术支出(206科目)及其细分科目(20601科目至20699科目)的决算数据①(①政府科技支出包括一般公共预算支出中的“科学技术支出(206科目)”和“其他功能支出中用于科学技术的支出(非206科目)”两部分,由于非206科目的支出数据难以精确统计且规模较小,本研究探讨政府科学技术支出时仅考虑“科学技术支出(206科目)”。)。由于各省级行政区政府官网对省级收支决算数据披露时间范围不一致,本文以各省级行政区政府最早披露省级收支决算数据的年份为基准,确定样本时间范围。此外,中央政府财政科技支出数据根据中央预决算公开平台发布的中央本级支出决算表整理,提取口径与省级行政区相同。
其他数据主要来源于《中国科技统计年鉴》《中国财政年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》《中国城市和产业创新力报告》以及各省统计局官网等。由于部分指标在个别年份存在数据缺失,本文对各单项指标的缺失数据采用插值法进行补充。最后,由于2012年各省级行政区政府科技支出细分科目数据缺失严重(仅有两个省级行政区域披露),经过数据预处理,本文最终得到2013-2022年中国31个省级行政区域的非平衡面板数据(香港、澳门、台湾除外)。
为了对本文提出的研究假设进行实证检验,根据现有文献和数据,提出具体变量名称及测量方式,如表1所示。
(1)被解释变量
区域创新。本文采用创新产出作为衡量区域创新的指标。在当前研究中,衡量创新产出的指标主要包括新产品销售收入和专利等。新产品销售收入未能充分考虑科技创新中的知识创造功能,而专利则能更直接地体现科技创新的知识成果。基于此,本文参考已有研究[23,24],选择专利指标作为衡量区域创新的指标。同时,为了剔除人口规模的影响,本文采用区域每万人发明专利授权数量(Innovation)来反映区域创新水平,以各地区国内发明专利授权数量除以该地区年末人口数量进行衡量。此外,考虑到地区专利的社会经济价值,本文在稳健性检验部分利用《中国城市和产业创新力报告》中测算的城市创新指数汇集至省级层面作为区域创新产出的替代指标。
(2)解释变量
遵从一致性(Compliance)和趋同一致性(Convergence)。其中,遵从一致性是指焦点地方政府与中央政府在科技支出细分科目结构上的相似程度;趋同一致性是指焦点地方政府与同级地方政府科技支出细分科目结构平均水平的相似程度。
借鉴现有研究测量结构相似的方法[25],本文利用余弦相似系数测量焦点地方政府的科技支出结构一致性程度。根据政府科技支出类型以及创新活动的属性,政府将科技预算(科目206)细化为10个科目:科学技术管理事务(科目20601),基础研究(科目20602),应用研究(科目20603),技术研究与开发(科目20604),科技条件与服务(科目20605),社会科学(科目20606),科学技术及普及(科目20607),科技交流与合作(科目20608),科技重大项目(科目20609),其他科学技术支出(科目20699)。
遵从一致性程度测量方式如式(1)所示:
$\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{m}\mathit{p}\mathit{l}\mathit{i}\mathit{a}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}{\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}=\frac{\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{e}\mathit{n}\mathit{t}\mathit{r}\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}}{\sqrt{\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}^{2}\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{e}\mathit{n}\mathit{t}\mathit{r}\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}^{2}}}$
其中,k为科学技术类别下的具体科目(从20601至20699),k =1,2,…,10;对于t年的地区i,Xitk 作为地区i在t年政府科技支出科目k的支出占比;Xcentraltk表示中央政府在t年科技支出科目k的支出占比。
趋同一致性程度测量方式如式(2)所示:
$\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{v}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}\mathit{g}\mathit{e}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}{\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}=\frac{\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{l}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}}{\sqrt{\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}^{2}\stackrel{10}{\sum _{\mathit{k}=1}}{\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{l}\mathit{l}\mathit{t}\mathit{k}}^{2}}}$
其中,k,i,t和Xitk含义均与式(1)相同,Xalltk表示t年所有地方财政科技支出科目k占比的均值。
Complianceit反映了i地区的地方政府与中央政府科技支出结构在t年的一致性程度。Convergenceit反映了i地区的地方政府与同级地方政府科技支出结构平均水平在t年的一致性程度。Complianceit和Convergenceit的取值范围均在0到1之间;数值越大,表明地区i的政府科技支出结构一致性水平越高;反之,表明一致性水平越低。
(3)调节变量
地方官员变更(Turnover)。本文使用省级行政区层面省委书记和省长更替来反映地方官员变更,即将焦点地方政府省委书记或省长发生变更的年份记为1,否则记为0。
(4)控制变量
借鉴已有研究[8],本文选取经济发展水平(GDP)、产业发展水平(Industry)、人力资本水平(HC)、财政投入水平(Fiscal)和市场活跃程度(Market)作为控制变量,用以控制地区层面资源、环境等特征对于区域创新的影响。其中,经济发展水平、人力资本水平和财政投入水平分别以该地区人均GDP、每百万人在校大学生数量和人均财政支出数额进行衡量;产业发展水平和市场活跃程度分别利用该地区第二产业增加值占GDP比重和该地区技术市场交易额占GDP比重测量。
本文基于组织合法性视角探究地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性和趋同一致性对区域创新的影响,以及地方官员变更的调节作用。为检验本文所提的假设,采用固定效应OLS回归模型,构建模型如式(3)-(6)所示:
$\mathit{I}\mathit{n}\mathit{n}\mathit{o}\mathit{v}\mathit{a}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}+1}={\mathit{\alpha }}_{0}+{\mathit{\alpha }}_{1}\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{m}\mathit{p}\mathit{l}\mathit{i}\mathit{a}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}{\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+\sum {\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{i}}\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{t}\mathit{r}\mathit{o}\mathit{l}{\mathit{s}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{i}}+{\mathit{\mu }}_{\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\varepsilon }}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}$
$\mathit{I}\mathit{n}\mathit{n}\mathit{o}\mathit{v}\mathit{a}\mathit{t}\mathit{i}\mathit{o}{\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}+1}={\mathit{\alpha }}_{0}+{\mathit{\alpha }}_{1}\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{v}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}\mathit{g}\mathit{e}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}{\mathit{e}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\alpha }}_{2}\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{v}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}\mathit{g}\mathit{e}\mathit{n}\mathit{c}\mathit{e}\_\mathit{s}{\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+\sum {\mathit{\alpha }}_{\mathit{i}}\mathit{C}\mathit{o}\mathit{n}\mathit{t}\mathit{r}\mathit{o}\mathit{l}{\mathit{s}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathit{i}}+{\mathit{\mu }}_{\mathit{t}}+{\mathit{\varepsilon }}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{t}}$
$\begin{array}{l} { Innovation }_{i t+1}=\alpha_{0}+\alpha_{1}{ Compliance }_{i t}+\alpha_{2} \\ { Turnover }_{i t}+\alpha_{3} { Turnover }_{i t} \times { Compliance }_{i t} \\ +\sum \alpha_{i} { Controls }_{i t}+\gamma_{i}+\mu_{t}+\varepsilon_{i t} \end{array}$
$\begin{array}{l}{Innovation}_{it+1}=\alpha_{0}+\alpha_{1} {Convergence}_{it}+\alpha_{2} \\ {Convergence}\_ sq _{\text {it }}+\alpha_{3} \ Turnover _{{it}}+\alpha_{4} \ {Turnover}_{{it}} \times\\ {Convergence}_{{it}}+\alpha_{5} \ {Turnover}_{it} \times {Convergence}\_{sq _{it}}+ \\ \sum \alpha_{i} {Controls}_{i t}+\gamma_{i}+\mu_{t}+\varepsilon_{it} \end{array}$
其中,i,t分别表示地区个体和观测年份。Innovationit+1表示地区i在t+1年的区域创新水平,用地区每万人发明专利授权量进行测量;Complianceit和Convergenceit分别表示地区i在t年的遵从一致性程度和趋同一致性程度;Convergence_sqit为趋同一致性的二次项;Turnoverit表示地区i在t年省委书记或省长是否发生变更,Controlsit为控制变量,γi为个体固定效应,μt为时间固定效应,εit为误差项。为了防止多重共线性,在计算自变量和调节变量交乘项之前,对式(5)和(6)的自变量和调节变量分别进行中心化处理。此外,为了缓解可能存在的内生性问题,考虑到创新投入到创新产出的时间效应,本文对因变量进行了提前一期处理。
为了更直观地描述样本观测期内地方财政科技支出结构的横截面分布和一致性水平,表2分别描述了不同时期各地方政府的遵从一致性和趋同一致性水平。就地方财政科技支出结构一致趋势而言,地方政府遵从性整体水平明显上升,而趋同性水平略有下降。
地方政府遵从一致性水平逐渐提升,地方政府整体科技支出结构正在向中央政府靠拢。具体而言,2015年地方政府遵从一致性均值为0.48,表明地方政府与中央政府在科技支出结构上相似度整体处于较低水平;2022年地方政府遵从一致性均值为0.61,其中四川和甘肃财政科技支出结构与中央政府高度一致,遵从一致性数值高于0.9。此外,地方政府趋同一致性整体水平较高,且呈现小幅下降趋势,地方政府间科技支出结构由高度同质化正逐渐向差异化方向发展。具体而言,2015年地方政府科技支出趋同一致性均值为0.82;2022年地方政府科技支出趋同一致性水平略有下降,均值为0.79。
表3汇报了各变量的描述性统计及相关性分析结果。首先,地区发明专利授权量均值为2.59件/万人,且不同地区之间创新水平差异较大。其次,遵从一致性均值为0.51,标准差为0.24;趋同一致性均值为0.79,标准差为0.13。这表明相较于中央政府科技支出结构而言,地方政府与同级政府科技支出结构的平均水平更为一致,且差异更小。最后,回归方程的方差膨胀因子(VIF)介于1.02-2.47之间,均小于5,认为不存在严重的多重共线性问题。
本文基本回归分析结果如表4所示。表4模型(1)和(2)分别检验了地方政府遵从一致性和趋同一致性的创新效应,结果表明,地方政府遵从一致性对区域创新具有显著的正向影响(β=1.79,p<0.01);地方政府趋同一致性一次项系数显著为正(β=12.86,p<0.01),二次项系数显著为负(β=-8.01,p<0.01),初步支持了地方政府趋同一致性与区域创新之间的倒U型关系。因此假设1和2初步得到验证。
其次,本文在地方财政科技支出结构趋同一致性与区域创新的二次项系数显著为负的基础上,通过U-Test进一步检验倒U型关系是否存在,结果如表5所示。地方政府趋同一致性的左侧区间斜率为9.08(p<0.01),右侧区间斜率为-3.01(p<0.1),曲线拐点处极端值为0.80,位于样本区间内。因此,假设2再次得到验证。
最后,表4模型(3)和(4)引入了地方官员变更这一调节变量,探究其对地方财政科技支出结构一致性与区域创新关系的影响。模型(3)显示,地方官员变更和遵从一致性交互项的系数显著为负(β=-1.25,p<0.1),说明地方官员变更削弱了遵从一致性对区域创新的正向关系,假设3得到支持。模型(4)显示,地方官员变更和趋同一致性二次项交乘的系数为负且不显著(β=-0.94,p>0.1),说明地方官员变更并未对趋同一致性和区域创新间的倒U型关系产生显著影响,假设4未能得到验证。
本文采用Heckman两阶段模型用以修正可能存在的内生性问题。由于地方政府采取何种程度的一致性策略并非随机,地方科技资源结构、政府官员偏好等因素都会影响地方政府一致性策略的选择。
具体而言,在第一阶段,根据地方政府遵从一致性和趋同一致性程度是否大于均值,将全部样本划分为“地方政府遵从一致、不一致”和“地方政府趋同一致、不一致”两组。分别采用滞后一期的地方政府遵从一致性和趋同一致性程度作为选择变量设置概率模型,求出逆米尔斯比率(Invers Mills Rations,IMR),结果如表6模型(1)和模型(2)所示。在第二阶段,将IMR带入到主效应模型中,用以修正选择偏差,结果如模型(3)和(4)所示。结果表明,模型(1)和(2)中IMR均显著,说明本文存在一定的自选择问题,在控制自选择偏差后,地方政府遵从效应的一次项,以及趋同效应的一次项和二次项依旧显著,研究结果与前文保持一致。
第一,替换被解释变量。考虑到利用专利数量表征区域创新水平仅考虑了区域技术创新的成果,而无法反映其社会经济价值。由此,本文采用《中国城市和产业创新力报告》②(②《中国城市和产业创新力报告》目前仅公开了2001-2021年数据,2022年数据未披露,因此在稳健性检验中,研究样本为2013-2021年数据。)中的城市创新指数对区域创新的测量进行补充。该指数通过专利更新模型估算了专利价值并归并到城市层面,在现有研究中被广泛使用。首先,本文通过对城市创新指数加总到省级,计算得出省级层面的创新指数。同样,为了剔除人口规模的影响,本文计算省级创新指数与人口规模的比值(Innovation_index)来反映区域创新水平。表7中模型(1)-(4)展示了更换被解释变量的回归结果,结论与前文一致。
第二,更换提前期。考虑到地方政府行为一致性对区域创新滞后影响的时间问题,在前文因变量提前一期的基础上进一步对因变量进行提前两期的处理,反映了遵从一致性和趋同一致性在更长时间范围内的创新效应。表7模型(5)-(8)显示了更换提前期后的回归结果,结论与前文一致。
本文基于组织合法性视角,探究地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性和趋同一致性与区域创新之间的关系,以及地方官员变更的调节作用,并以2013-2022年中国31个省级行政区域(香港、澳门、台湾除外)的样本数据进行实证检验。
本研究得到以下几方面结论:第一,地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性整体水平小于趋同一致性,表明相对于遵从中央政府的战略目标,地方政府更倾向与同级政府保持一致来获取合法性。第二,地方财政科技支出结构遵从一致性对区域创新产生显著的正向影响,而地方财政科技支出结构趋同一致性与区域创新之间存在倒U型关系。第三,地方官员变更在地方政府遵从一致性与区域创新之间发挥了负向调节作用,即当地方官员发生更替时,地方政府遵从一致性对区域创新发展的积极影响会减弱。
本研究的实践启示在于:地方政府在布局科技支出结构战略时,应认识到遵从行为和趋同行为对区域创新的不同影响,不仅要考虑自身的特定条件,还应关注中央政府和其他同级政府的实践和经验,以便及时调整政策导向,促进区域创新发展。政府学习模仿中央或其他地区科技经验的同时,需要考虑到地方官员变更的影响,应根据本地区官员更替的决策断裂期,制定不同的科技支出战略,最大化创新效应。
本文存在一定的研究局限,这为后续研究提供了思路。首先,由于数据可得性,本研究的样本覆盖时期较短,这可能限制我们对长期趋势和周期因素的理解。未来研究可以考虑增加样本覆盖的时间范围,提供更丰富的数据支持。其次,在考虑地方财政科技支出结构一致性策略时,本研究仅考虑了不同活动类型下的科技支出结构,未来研究还可以拓展到其他维度,例如财政科技支出的执行主体结构,进行进一步探讨。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061)
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2026年第44卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
  • 修回日期:2025-09-08
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国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061)
作者信息
    1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
    2 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024

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孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授,博士,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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