Article(id=1315693725922218601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754582400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-08, revisedDate=1760025600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791615428667, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1791993600000, pubDateStr=2026-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791615428667, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791615428667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791615428667, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315693724970103290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='2017', pageEnd='2240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791993600000', pubDateStr='2026-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791615428440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791615454688, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315693835188031766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315693835188031767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315693724970103290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2230, endPage=2240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315693726115156586, articleId=1315693725922218601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Paths for enhancing the efficacy of scientific funds under organized scientific research: The configurational role of rigid support and elastic adaptation, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The new wave of technological revolution is driving a paradigm shift in scientific research toward organized research models. The key to translating organized research from theoretical exploration to practical efficacy lies in the allocation and synergy of innovation elements. The Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund as a typical practice of scientific funds under organized research, serves as an important benchmark for evaluating the transition from theoretical exploration to practical application in organized research. This study takes the Shandong Regional Joint Fund as an example and uses Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to investigate how different configurations of factors influence project effectiveness from a configurational perspective. The study aims to explore how scientific funds drive the improvement of their effectiveness through the configuration matching of multiple elements under organized scientific research. We try to open the 'black box' of improving the efficiency of organized scientific research. The study finds that: (1) The improvement of scientific fund efficiency depends on the coordinated matching of multiple elements, and a single element does not constitute a necessary condition for high efficiency. We found that among elements such as the project leader's (PI) ability, PI age, team heterogeneity, team collaboration, disciplinary foundation, and institutional reputation cannot individually serve as necessary conditions for the high efficiency of regional joint funds. The effective way to improve the efficiency of scientific funds is the complex combination of multiple conditions. (2) Disciplinary foundation is a key factor affecting project effectiveness and play a rigid supporting role. With the advancement of Double First-Class Initiative in China, first-class disciplines have strengthened their core position in resource aggregation and innovation ecosystems. The finding that disciplinary foundation serves as a critical support for project effectiveness not only empirically validates the "Matthew Effect" in scientific research but also demonstrates the rationality of the Double First-Class Initiative in China being discipline-based from the perspective of performance. (3) There are multiple configurational pathways to enhance the effectiveness of regional joint scientific funds: Resource-driven young leader type, Discipline-supported team growth type, Government-Industry-academic collaboration type. Among these, the Resource-driven young leader type is the most common. We also found that there is a certain substitution effect between different elements. For example, under a strong discipline, elastic factors such as PI capabilities, team collaboration, and institutional reputation can be substituted through combination and replacement. This finding provides an important basis for the allocation of scientific research resources. These elements can be reconfigured through combinatorial optimization to enhance project efficacy. This paper breaks through the limitations of traditional single-factor analysis of project efficiency. It reveals the impact of the combination and matching of scientific research elements in organized scientific research from a configurational perspective, providing a new paradigm for scientific research management under the complex system perspective. The conclusion that "disciplinary foundation is a rigid support for enhancing efficiency, and elastic elements exhibit conditional substitution effects" demonstrates that organized scientific research is the result of the synergistic matching between rigid resource support and elastic elements. This not only provides an important basis for optimizing the allocation of scientific research resources in practice, but also solves the "paradigm code" of organized scientific research from theoretical exploration to practical verification.

, authors=Pei-xin DUAN1, Jia-yi WANG1, Wei MENG2, Wen-bin LIU3, authorsList=Pei-xin DUAN, Jia-yi WANG, Wei MENG, Wen-bin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315693727285367405, articleId=1315693725922218601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=有组织科研下科学基金效能提升路径——刚性支撑与弹性匹配的组态作用, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新一轮科技革命推动科学研究范式向有组织科研转变,科研要素的配置与协同成为效能提升的关键。区域创新发展联合基金作为科学基金在有组织科研下的典型实践,其效能提升是检验有组织科研从理论探索到实践转化的重要标尺。本研究以山东区域联合基金为例,运用NCA与fsQCA方法探讨多要素组合对科学基金效能的影响机制。研究发现:科学基金效能提升依赖多要素协同匹配,单一要素不构成高效能的必要条件;学科基础是影响项目效能关键因素,发挥刚性支撑作用,负责人能力、负责人年龄、团队合作等作为弹性要素存在条件替代效应;研究识别出资源牵引-青年领军型、政产学研-协同攻坚型和学科支撑-团队成长型三条提升高效能组态路径,并提出通过要素组合配置提升项目效能的可行方案。研究以组态视角探究有组织科研下要素间的组合匹配对项目效能的影响,揭示出“刚性支撑—弹性匹配”这一核心机制,破解了有组织科研从理论探索到实践验证的“范式密码”,也为科学基金管理的精准施策与资源优化配置提供了重要启示。

, authors=段培新1, 王佳艺1, 孟溦2, 刘文斌3, authorsList=段培新, 王佳艺, 孟溦, 刘文斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孟溦, authorNote=

段培新(1988-),女,副教授,E-mail:。

王佳艺(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

刘文斌(1958-),男,教授。

, correspAuthorsNote=
孟溦(1970-),女,教授。
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段培新(1988-),女,副教授,E-mail:。

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段培新(1988-),女,副教授,E-mail:。

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刘文斌(1958-),男,教授。

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Academy of Management Journal, 2011, 54(2):393-420., articleTitle=Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315746582625104658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, awardId=23CGL053, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CGL053), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315746576702747353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576715330266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576702747353, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576723718875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576702747353, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山东财经大学公共管理学院, 山东济南 250014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315746576832770780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576845353693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576832770780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576857936606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576832770780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 华东师范大学公共管理学院, 上海 200062)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315746576929239775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576937628384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576929239775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510970, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315746576950211297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, companyId=1315746576929239775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 广州南方学院, 广东广州 510970)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315746580913828609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The configuration model of science foundation efficiency under organized research, figureFileSmall=X9bRfyvJEuKaa0g1fMOQvQ==, figureFileBig=Wjkdx+dN93a52mYLMjqbVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315746581178069762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=图1, caption=有组织科研下科学基金效能组态模型, figureFileSmall=X9bRfyvJEuKaa0g1fMOQvQ==, figureFileBig=Wjkdx+dN93a52mYLMjqbVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315746581282927363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Performance evaluation indicator system for the Shandong regional joint foundation

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类别 一级指标 二级指标 二级指标表征
投入 资金 项目资金 批准金额
人员 项目人员 团队规模
产出 科学价值 论文成果 项目发表论文数量
人才培养 项目人才培养情况
学术发展 后续获得国家级项目
技术价值 技术创新 发明专利授权情况
经济价值 成果转化 签订合同金额
社会价值 基础研究 项目推动山东省基础与应用研究
人才队伍建设 项目带动山东省高层次人才队伍建设
文化价值 促进科学知识普及 项目进行科普文化宣传工作
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581358424836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山东区域联合基金效能评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 一级指标 二级指标 二级指标表征
投入 资金 项目资金 批准金额
人员 项目人员 团队规模
产出 科学价值 论文成果 项目发表论文数量
人才培养 项目人才培养情况
学术发展 后续获得国家级项目
技术价值 技术创新 发明专利授权情况
经济价值 成果转化 签订合同金额
社会价值 基础研究 项目推动山东省基础与应用研究
人才队伍建设 项目带动山东省高层次人才队伍建设
文化价值 促进科学知识普及 项目进行科普文化宣传工作
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581643637509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calibration results of variables

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集合 模糊集校准
完全隶属 交叉点 完全不隶属
负责人能力 4.082 3.64 2.988
负责人年龄 40 49 58.2
团队异质性 0.66 0.56 0.32
团队合作 28 16 6
学科基础 12 3 0.001
机构声誉 1 1 0
山东区域联合基金效能 1 0.0051 0.0038
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581706552070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量校准结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集合 模糊集校准
完全隶属 交叉点 完全不隶属
负责人能力 4.082 3.64 2.988
负责人年龄 40 49 58.2
团队异质性 0.66 0.56 0.32
团队合作 28 16 6
学科基础 12 3 0.001
机构声誉 1 1 0
山东区域联合基金效能 1 0.0051 0.0038
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581777855239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the necessity of NCA for individual conditions

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集合 方法 精确度 上限区域 范围 效应量(d值) P值
负责人能力 CR 100% 0.000 0.94 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.94 0.000 1.000
负责人年龄 CR 100% 0.000 0.91 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.91 0.000 1.000
团队异质性 CR 100% 0.000 0.93 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.93 0.000 1.000
团队合作 CR 93.2% 0.064 0.93 0.069 0.014
CE 100% 0.090 0.93 0.097 0.011
学科基础 CR 100% 0.000 0.89 0.018 0.031
CE 100% 0.000 0.89 0.018 0.031
机构声誉 CR 100% 0.016 0.94 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.031 0.94 0.000 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581853352712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

NCA对单个条件的必要性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集合 方法 精确度 上限区域 范围 效应量(d值) P值
负责人能力 CR 100% 0.000 0.94 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.94 0.000 1.000
负责人年龄 CR 100% 0.000 0.91 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.91 0.000 1.000
团队异质性 CR 100% 0.000 0.93 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.000 0.93 0.000 1.000
团队合作 CR 93.2% 0.064 0.93 0.069 0.014
CE 100% 0.090 0.93 0.097 0.011
学科基础 CR 100% 0.000 0.89 0.018 0.031
CE 100% 0.000 0.89 0.018 0.031
机构声誉 CR 100% 0.016 0.94 0.000 1.000
CE 100% 0.031 0.94 0.000 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1315746581920461577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of NCA necessity bottleneck level (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负责人能力 负责人年龄 团队异质性 团队合作 学科建设 机构声誉
0 NN NN NN NN NN NN
10 NN NN NN NN NN NN
20 NN NN NN NN NN NN
30 NN 1.0 NN NN NN NN
40 NN 2.3 NN 1.5 NN NN
50 NN 3.6 NN 4.2 NN NN
60 NN 4.8 NN 6.9 1.2 NN
70 NN 6.1 NN 9.6 2.8 NN
80 NN 7.4 NN 12.3 4.3 NN
90 NN 8.7 NN 15..0 5.8 NN
100 NN 10.0 NN 17.7 7.4 NN
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582021124874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CA必要性瓶颈水平(%)分析

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负责人能力 负责人年龄 团队异质性 团队合作 学科建设 机构声誉
0 NN NN NN NN NN NN
10 NN NN NN NN NN NN
20 NN NN NN NN NN NN
30 NN 1.0 NN NN NN NN
40 NN 2.3 NN 1.5 NN NN
50 NN 3.6 NN 4.2 NN NN
60 NN 4.8 NN 6.9 1.2 NN
70 NN 6.1 NN 9.6 2.8 NN
80 NN 7.4 NN 12.3 4.3 NN
90 NN 8.7 NN 15..0 5.8 NN
100 NN 10.0 NN 17.7 7.4 NN
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582096622347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

fsQCA single condition necessity analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 山东区域联合基金项目高效能 山东区域联合基金项目非高效能
一致性 覆盖度 一致性 覆盖度
负责人能力 0.64 0.57 0.62 0.7
~负责人能力 0.66 0.58 0.62 0.69
负责人年龄 0.69 0.59 0.58 0.62
~负责人年龄 0.55 0.51 0.62 0.72
团队异质性 0.65 0.53 0.67 0.7
~团队异质性 0.63 0.6 0.55 0.67
团队合作 0.75 0.68 0.53 0.6
~团队合作 0.55 0.48 0.71 0.78
学科基础 0.71 0.7 0.50 0.62
~学科基础 0.61 0.49 0.75 0.77
机构声誉 0.76 0.41 0.86 0.59
~机构声誉 0.24 0.57 0.14 0.43
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582172119820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

fsQCA单个条件必要性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 山东区域联合基金项目高效能 山东区域联合基金项目非高效能
一致性 覆盖度 一致性 覆盖度
负责人能力 0.64 0.57 0.62 0.7
~负责人能力 0.66 0.58 0.62 0.69
负责人年龄 0.69 0.59 0.58 0.62
~负责人年龄 0.55 0.51 0.62 0.72
团队异质性 0.65 0.53 0.67 0.7
~团队异质性 0.63 0.6 0.55 0.67
团队合作 0.75 0.68 0.53 0.6
~团队合作 0.55 0.48 0.71 0.78
学科基础 0.71 0.7 0.50 0.62
~学科基础 0.61 0.49 0.75 0.77
机构声誉 0.76 0.41 0.86 0.59
~机构声誉 0.24 0.57 0.14 0.43
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582251811597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Efficient configuration of Shandong regional joint foundation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 组态
资源牵引-青年领军型 政产学研-协同攻坚型 学科支撑-团队成长型
S1a S1b S2 S4
负责人能力 ● ● ⊕
负责人年龄 ● ● ⊕ •
团队异质性 ⊕ • ⊕
团队合作 ⊕ • ● ●
学科基础 ● ● ● ●
机构声誉 • ⊕ • •
一致性 0.8177 0.840 0.8086 0.8428
原始覆盖度 0.2357 0.093 0.2284 0.2100
唯一覆盖度 0.0215 0.093 0.021 0.0806
总一致性 0.8145
总覆盖度 0.554
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582318920462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

山东区域联合基金项目高效能的组态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 组态
资源牵引-青年领军型 政产学研-协同攻坚型 学科支撑-团队成长型
S1a S1b S2 S4
负责人能力 ● ● ⊕
负责人年龄 ● ● ⊕ •
团队异质性 ⊕ • ⊕
团队合作 ⊕ • ● ●
学科基础 ● ● ● ●
机构声誉 • ⊕ • •
一致性 0.8177 0.840 0.8086 0.8428
原始覆盖度 0.2357 0.093 0.2284 0.2100
唯一覆盖度 0.0215 0.093 0.021 0.0806
总一致性 0.8145
总覆盖度 0.554
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582390223631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Configure the result after adjusting the threshold

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 组态
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
负责人能力 ● ⊕ ● ⊕
负责人年龄 ● ⊕ ● ● ●
团队异质性 ● ● ⊕ ⊕
团队合作 ⊕ ● ● ● ●
学科基础 ● ● ⊕ ● ●
机构声誉 ● ● ● ⊕ ●
一致性 0.8162 0.8003 0.789 0.8198 0.8426
原始覆盖度 0.2439 0.2262 0.191 0.0925 0.2158
唯一覆盖度 0.0211 0.018 0.053 0.0926 0.0691
总一致性 0.7943
总覆盖度 0.6214
), ArticleFig(id=1315746582465721104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315693725922218601, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

调整阈值后组态结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件 组态
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
负责人能力 ● ⊕ ● ⊕
负责人年龄 ● ⊕ ● ● ●
团队异质性 ● ● ⊕ ⊕
团队合作 ⊕ ● ● ● ●
学科基础 ● ● ⊕ ● ●
机构声誉 ● ● ● ⊕ ●
一致性 0.8162 0.8003 0.789 0.8198 0.8426
原始覆盖度 0.2439 0.2262 0.191 0.0925 0.2158
唯一覆盖度 0.0211 0.018 0.053 0.0926 0.0691
总一致性 0.7943
总覆盖度 0.6214
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有组织科研下科学基金效能提升路径——刚性支撑与弹性匹配的组态作用
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段培新 1 , 王佳艺 1 , 孟溦 2 , 刘文斌 3
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(10): 2230-2240
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (10) : 2230 -2240
有组织科研下科学基金效能提升路径——刚性支撑与弹性匹配的组态作用
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段培新1 , 王佳艺1, 孟溦2, 刘文斌3
作者信息
  • 1 山东财经大学公共管理学院, 山东济南 250014
  • 2 华东师范大学公共管理学院, 上海 200062
  • 3 广州南方学院, 广东广州 510970
通讯作者:
孟溦(1970-),女,教授。
作者简介:

段培新(1988-),女,副教授,E-mail:。

王佳艺(2000-),女,硕士研究生。

刘文斌(1958-),男,教授。

Paths for enhancing the efficacy of scientific funds under organized scientific research: The configurational role of rigid support and elastic adaptation
Pei-xin DUAN1 , Jia-yi WANG1, Wei MENG2, Wen-bin LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China
  • 2 School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 3 Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510970, China
出版时间: 2026-10-15
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新一轮科技革命推动科学研究范式向有组织科研转变,科研要素的配置与协同成为效能提升的关键。区域创新发展联合基金作为科学基金在有组织科研下的典型实践,其效能提升是检验有组织科研从理论探索到实践转化的重要标尺。本研究以山东区域联合基金为例,运用NCA与fsQCA方法探讨多要素组合对科学基金效能的影响机制。研究发现:科学基金效能提升依赖多要素协同匹配,单一要素不构成高效能的必要条件;学科基础是影响项目效能关键因素,发挥刚性支撑作用,负责人能力、负责人年龄、团队合作等作为弹性要素存在条件替代效应;研究识别出资源牵引-青年领军型、政产学研-协同攻坚型和学科支撑-团队成长型三条提升高效能组态路径,并提出通过要素组合配置提升项目效能的可行方案。研究以组态视角探究有组织科研下要素间的组合匹配对项目效能的影响,揭示出“刚性支撑—弹性匹配”这一核心机制,破解了有组织科研从理论探索到实践验证的“范式密码”,也为科学基金管理的精准施策与资源优化配置提供了重要启示。

有组织科研  /  区域创新发展联合基金  /  fsQCA  /  要素配置  /  组态路径

The new wave of technological revolution is driving a paradigm shift in scientific research toward organized research models. The key to translating organized research from theoretical exploration to practical efficacy lies in the allocation and synergy of innovation elements. The Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund as a typical practice of scientific funds under organized research, serves as an important benchmark for evaluating the transition from theoretical exploration to practical application in organized research. This study takes the Shandong Regional Joint Fund as an example and uses Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to investigate how different configurations of factors influence project effectiveness from a configurational perspective. The study aims to explore how scientific funds drive the improvement of their effectiveness through the configuration matching of multiple elements under organized scientific research. We try to open the 'black box' of improving the efficiency of organized scientific research. The study finds that: (1) The improvement of scientific fund efficiency depends on the coordinated matching of multiple elements, and a single element does not constitute a necessary condition for high efficiency. We found that among elements such as the project leader's (PI) ability, PI age, team heterogeneity, team collaboration, disciplinary foundation, and institutional reputation cannot individually serve as necessary conditions for the high efficiency of regional joint funds. The effective way to improve the efficiency of scientific funds is the complex combination of multiple conditions. (2) Disciplinary foundation is a key factor affecting project effectiveness and play a rigid supporting role. With the advancement of Double First-Class Initiative in China, first-class disciplines have strengthened their core position in resource aggregation and innovation ecosystems. The finding that disciplinary foundation serves as a critical support for project effectiveness not only empirically validates the "Matthew Effect" in scientific research but also demonstrates the rationality of the Double First-Class Initiative in China being discipline-based from the perspective of performance. (3) There are multiple configurational pathways to enhance the effectiveness of regional joint scientific funds: Resource-driven young leader type, Discipline-supported team growth type, Government-Industry-academic collaboration type. Among these, the Resource-driven young leader type is the most common. We also found that there is a certain substitution effect between different elements. For example, under a strong discipline, elastic factors such as PI capabilities, team collaboration, and institutional reputation can be substituted through combination and replacement. This finding provides an important basis for the allocation of scientific research resources. These elements can be reconfigured through combinatorial optimization to enhance project efficacy. This paper breaks through the limitations of traditional single-factor analysis of project efficiency. It reveals the impact of the combination and matching of scientific research elements in organized scientific research from a configurational perspective, providing a new paradigm for scientific research management under the complex system perspective. The conclusion that "disciplinary foundation is a rigid support for enhancing efficiency, and elastic elements exhibit conditional substitution effects" demonstrates that organized scientific research is the result of the synergistic matching between rigid resource support and elastic elements. This not only provides an important basis for optimizing the allocation of scientific research resources in practice, but also solves the "paradigm code" of organized scientific research from theoretical exploration to practical verification.

organized research  /  regional innovation and development joint fund  /  fsQCA  /  factor allocation  /  configuration path
段培新, 王佳艺, 孟溦, 刘文斌. 有组织科研下科学基金效能提升路径——刚性支撑与弹性匹配的组态作用. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2230 -2240 .
Pei-xin DUAN, Jia-yi WANG, Wei MENG, Wen-bin LIU. Paths for enhancing the efficacy of scientific funds under organized scientific research: The configurational role of rigid support and elastic adaptation[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2230 -2240 .
伴随新一轮科技革命和产业变革的加剧演进,科学研究范式发生深刻变革,从自由探索走向国家战略主导的有组织科研[1]。有组织科研以国家战略牵引为需求导向,通过制度设计组织协同多方主体,有效整合多种创新要素[1,2]已成为国家战略科技力量的重要形式[3]。当前对有组织科研的研究主要聚焦于内涵意蕴[1,3]、基本特征[2]等理论探索层面,对有组织科研实践效能的实证研究仍显不足。特别是对有组织科研下多元要素协同对实践效能影响机制的研究较为欠缺,尚未破解有组织科研从理论向实践转化的这一核心难题。
区域创新发展联合基金(以下简称“区域联合基金”)是新时期科学基金支持需求导向型基础研究的新探索,本质上是国家自然科学基金委(以下简称NSFC)与地方政府的一种合作投资[4]。区域联合基金以地方需求为导向,引导整合资源投入,汇聚全国优势力量开展科研攻关[5],是NSFC深化有组织科研的制度创新实践,其效能提升是检验制度创新成效的重要标尺。探究区域联合基金效能提升机制,不仅是提升科学基金效能的关键,更是破解有组织科研从理论探索到实践验证的“范式密码”。
当前对于科学基金效能提升的研究,多从项目负责人[6,7]、项目团队[7,8]、依托单位[7,9]和外部环境[10]等因素进行探讨,且往往采用线性回归方法关注这些因素的独立“净效应”。然而,科学基金效能是多要素交织作用的结果,现有研究忽视多种因素的匹配组合对项目效能的影响。本文将科学基金中的区域联合基金作为有组织科研下的典型实践,运用必要条件分析(NCA)与模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)基于组态视角研究不同要素组合对项目效能的影响,旨在探究有组织科研下科学基金如何通过多种要素的组态匹配驱动其效能提升,试图打开有组织科研效能提升的“黑箱”。
科学基金项目资助是一个投入产出的过程,受资助项目投入人力与经费,产生知识溢出[10]。科学基金作为一个知识生产系统,围绕着知识溢出的生产、传递、应用,其产出受到不同因素的影响[11]。
作为项目的发起者,负责人是项目实施过程中决策的制定者和执行者,是项目顺利开展的关键,对项目绩效有重要影响,其知识结构、学术能力对项目的完成效果具有重要意义[7]。一方面,负责人的科研素养、执行能力与研究基础,对项目成败起着决定性作用[7]。另一方面,科研人员的记忆力、分析能力在不同的年龄表现不同,年龄对科研人员成果产出具有一定的影响[6,12,13]。因此,项目负责人学术能力和年龄影响项目效能。
科学基金依托于项目团队展开,团队的内部属性是影响项目绩效产出的重要因素,团队结构也是项目获取资助的重要评判依据[7]。随着科学研究日益复杂化,团队合作已成为科研活动的主要模式。团队合作能够解决单个研究者无法解决的复杂问题[14],通常团队合作并非“一次性交易”,科学基金在执行过程中项目团队不是封闭或者排他的,而是要与外部保持频繁互动[15],在互动的同时,能够获得学者宝贵的建议和启发,推动科学研究,助力科研工作的开展,促进项目产出[16,17]。作为团队结构的重要维度,团队异质性或多样化对于项目绩效至关重要[18],而有关团队异质性或多样化对团队成果的研究褒贬不一,有学者认为团队异质性不利于团队效能提升[18];有学者发现团队异质性或多样化对团队效能呈现倒U型曲线关系[14]。因此,项目团队异质性和团队合作对项目效能影响有待进一步研究。
项目依托单位作为科学基金制的重要管理机构,在项目研究中发挥纽带和桥梁作用[9,19]。依托单位为项目提供科研设备、科研人才、科研环境等硬件支持,同时也通过政策支持、成果转化机制等软性基础为科学基金项目提供保障,其声誉对项目效能特别是项目学术产出具有重要影响[18,19]。通常而言,申请单位学科基础越好,表明该学科具备更多该领域的科研资源,有助于项目的顺利实施,从而提高项目的学术价值产出[7,9]。因此,项目的学科基础和机构声誉也会对项目效能产生影响。
区域联合基金是NSFC与地方政府聚焦地方重大需求共同出资设立,是NSFC深化有组织科研改革的制度创新实践,其核心是通过需求锚定、协同合作、资源分配三项政策机制,推动科学基金从“自由探索”向“需求适配”转型。区域联合基金通过“需求锚定”规则聚焦地方战略发展需求发布项目指南,吸引和聚集起全国优势科研力量,通过“协同合作”将分散的科研力量凝聚起来[4],通过政策的倾斜将资金、平台、数据等资源定向配置至区域发展重大共性问题领域,从而实现跨区域、跨部门的“资源分配”[4]。以山东区域联合基金为例,其对接黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展以及新旧动能转换等国家战略,重点资助海洋环境、材料、装备及海洋生物资源等重点领域,通过政策倾斜将资金、平台、数据等资源定向配置至战略领域。如海洋科学领域项目中80%以上拥有国家级学科平台。同时鼓励跨机构合作申请,形成高校、科研院所、企业等交叉多样化合作形式,进一步强化团队结构的异质性,要求负责人具备扎实基础与学术能力。区域联合基金通过有组织科研需求锚定、协同合作、资源分配三项规则,将项目负责人、项目团队和依托单位各种因素紧密联系在一起,而不同因素间也通过不同的组合形式发挥不同作用。
综上,已有研究从项目负责人、项目团队、依托单位等方面探讨负责人能力、负责人年龄、团队异质性、团队合作、学科基础、机构声誉等因素对科学基金效能的影响,为理解各要素作用提供了依据。区域联合基金作为有组织科研的实践,通过需求锚定、协同合作、资源分配三种规则对六种要素进行系统组合与配置,其效能提升依赖于多元要素的适配与协同。因而,本文基于组态视角,探索“三层六种”要素间的互补协同和联动匹配对区域联合基金效能的影响,以揭示其效能提升的多元路径。
本文旨在探究多个因素如何通过交织互动影响有组织科研下的科学基金效能提升。首先,科学基金本质是一个多投入多产出的知识生产系统,故本文采用处理多投入多产出的评价方法—数据包络分析(DEA)对科学基金效能进行测度。其次,科学基金项目效能形成过程较为复杂,传统回归方法侧重于分析单一变量的“净效应”,难以揭示多个变量相互依赖组合产生的影响。组态思想关注“多因一果”,更适用于解释多要素联动匹配对科学基金效能产生的复杂影响。fsQCA方法能够识别前因条件与结果之间的非对称性关系,并提炼出导致高结果的多条等效路径[20],适合用于本研究。然而,fsQCA在分析必要条件的强度方面存在一定局限,NCA可从定量层面判断前因变量是否构成结果的必要条件,并确定其所需水平[21]。基于此,本文将NCA与fsQCA相结合,系统考察影响科学基金效能的条件组合与必要因果关系,在复杂因果视角下全面揭示要素组态对效能的作用机制。
山东区域联合基金是首批设立的区域联合基金之一,具有实施时间早、投入力度大、与时俱进、成果显著的特点[22],在区域联合基金项目中极具代表性,因此,本文选取山东区域联合基金为对象进行分析。山东区域联合基金目前已执行两期,第一期(2012-2016年)资助5项,总经费1.8亿元;第二期(2017-2021年)资助156项,总经费5亿元。由于两期项目在资助方式和资助强度差异显著,且未结题项目与结题项目的产出难以统一评估,为保证实证分析的可靠性与数据可比性,本文以第二期项目已结题的59项项目作为研究样本,这也符合fsQCA方法对样本数的要求。
数据来源于国家自然科学基金大数据知识管理服务平台、Web of science和AMiner开放数据平台,以及山东区域联合基金项目负责人的问卷调查。其中,负责人能力数据来源于AMiner开放数据平台;负责人年龄、团队异质性、团队合作通过项目结题报告获得;学科基础、机构声誉的数据是通过项目结题报告及问卷调查结果;项目五元价值产出数据通过项目结题报告、Web of science、AMiner开放数据平台以及问卷调查共同获得。
(1)结果变量
本文的结果变量为山东区域联合基金效能。山东区域联合基金作为NSFC与山东省聚焦山东发展需求的合作投资[4],其效能不能只关注科学方面,还应关注经济、社会等多维价值。本文以科技创新质量、绩效及贡献为核心评价准则,遵循《关于完善科技成果评价机制的指导意见》提出的科技成果“五元价值”评价框架,从科学、技术、经济、社会、文化五个方面构建效能评价的产出指标,投入指标则选取项目资金和人员,指标体系如表1所示。
(2)条件变量
条件变量包括项目负责人、项目团队和依托机构三个方面。①负责人能力:项目负责人学术能力对项目效能具有重要意义,本文运用项目负责人的h指数来表征其能力[7];②负责人年龄:大量研究表明科研人员的年龄与项目产出效率呈现显著相关[6,7,13,19],有研究表明年轻科研人员更具创新性[23],本文以负向校准的方式来表征项目负责人年龄,用项目负责人立项年龄作为负责人年龄;③团队异质性:参考已有研究,采用团队的职称异质性表征团队异质性[8],用Herfindal-Hirschman index(又称BIau系数)进行测量,H的范围在0~1之间,H越接近1,表示项目成员多样化程度越高,反之越低;④团队合作:本文将项目团队与外部其他科研团队间的发生的学术交流活动视为学术交流[16],用在项目实施期间科研团队成员举办/参与国际/国内学术会议的次数加以衡量[16];⑤学科基础:学科基础主要是指科研项目依托的国家级、省级科研平台及双一流学科建设数量等[7];⑥机构声誉:本文认为依托单位的不同属性对于项目实施提供的资源条件是不同的[18],此项指标采取赋值法,将依托单位是985、211高校、中科院研究所[10,13]的项目赋值为1,其他为0。
(3)数据校准
本文采用直接校准法,将前因条件和结果的样本描述性统计的第90百分位数、中位数、第10百分位数分别设为完全隶属、交叉点、完全不隶属的锚点,采用中位数而非均值的优势是中位数对于异常值更不敏感[24,25]。各变量校准点结果如下表2所示。
本文采用NCA方法分析前因条件的必要性效应量及其显著性。参考Dul等[21]和杜运周等[24]的研究,设定必要性条件需同时满足效应量(d值)大于0.1且通过显著性检验(p < 0.05)。通过上限回归(CR)和上限包络分析法(CE)两种估计方法计算6个前因变量的效应量。结果显示(表3)负责人能力、负责人年龄、团队异质性和机构声誉的必要性效应均不显著(P>0.05),这些条件单独不构成山东区域联合基金效能的必要条件。虽然团队合作和学科基础的必要性效应显著(P<0.05),但其效应量(d值)都小于阈值0.1,也表明该前因条件不构成基金效能的必要条件。
进一步瓶颈水平分析能够达到结果最大观测范围的某一水平,前因条件最大观测范围内需要满足的水平值(%)[25]。结果(表4)表明,要达到60%的效能水平,至少需要4.8%的负责人年龄水平、6.9%的团队合作水平和1.2%的学科基础水平,而其他条件变量不存在瓶颈水平。
在此基础上,本文进一步采用fsQCA方法对单个变量进行必要性检验。结果(表5)所示,在能够实现山东区域联合基金高效能的必要性检验中,单个条件的一致性普遍较低(均<0.9),再次确认6个前因变量均不构成产生高/非高效能的科学基金必要条件,与NCA结果一致。
本文采用fsQCA方法进行组态分析,参考已有研究[20]参数设置如下:案例频数阈值为1,PRI一致性阈值为0.8。根据Fiss研究[26],将简约解和中间解中均出现的解视为核心条件,将只出现在中间解中的解视为边缘条件。组态分析结果如表6所示,产生山东区域联合基金项目高效能的驱动路径共有4条组态,总体解的一致性为0.81,表示在满足这4条组态的案例中有81%的案例表现出山东区域联合基金项目高效能。总体覆盖度为0.55,表示4条组态较大程度解释山东区域联合基金项目高效能的案例。同时每条组态的一致性均超过0.8,说明组态分析有效,结果可靠。结果显示,在所有组态中,“学科基础”均作为核心条件存在,说明学科支撑对于山东区域联合基金项目效能的具有非常强的影响作用。综合各组态条件情况,有组织科研下山东区域联合基金高效能组态可以归纳为三条路径。
(1)资源牵引-青年领军型:该路径下包含S1a和S1b两条组态。两条组态的核心条件一致,均为[负责人能力*负责人年龄*学科基础],即学科基础好,负责人能力强且年轻。边缘条件略有差异,S1a为:[机构声誉*~团队合作],即机构声誉高而团队合作弱,S1b为[团队合作*~团队异质性*~机构声誉],即团队合作强而团队异质性低、机构声誉低。该路径表明,在学科基础扎实的科研单位中,青年项目负责人更容易凭借出色的学术能力获得资源倾斜。这一现象与国家自然科学基金委持续加强对青年人才资助的政策导向密切相关。在学科基础好,科研平台资源丰富的单位中,学术能力突出的年轻科研人员更受重视,得到相应资源的倾斜。这种资源集聚效应主要依赖于学科基础,即使非“双一流”机构,基础好的学科仍更容易获得资源支持,从而产生更多更好成果。该路径能够解释32.87%的案例项目。S1a的典型案例5,项目负责人38岁,低于平均年龄48岁,负责人h指数70,远高于均值39,项目依托于教育部重点实验室,是“双一流”建设重点支持单位。该项目由学术能力强且年轻实干的负责人带领,拥有双一流高校资源支持,团队具备创新活力,科研产出高效,适合承担前沿科研任务。S1b的典型案例3,该项目依托于山东农业大学,虽为“双非”高校,但项目依托的农业科学学科入选山东省一流学科建设“811”项目,学科基础支持力度强,并且负责人年轻且学术能力强,团队合作频繁,能驱动团队产生高效能,项目团队具有潜力成为普通高校的特色科研团队。该路径表明,不论双一流高校里的青年拔尖人才团队还是普通高校的特色科研团队,在学科基础良好,年轻且高能力的负责人可带动团队实现高效产出,且机构声誉与团队合作之间存在一定替代关系。
(2)政产学研-协同攻坚型:该路径包含S2组态,其中含核心条件为:[团队合作*学科基础],即学科基础好,团队合作强。边缘条件组态为:[团队异质性*机构声誉*~负责人年龄],即团队异质性高、机构声誉高和负责人年龄较大。这一路径说明团队合作以及学科支持为核心条件起主导作用,多样化的团队结构和双一流机构为辅助边缘条件。密切的团队合作交流能够激发学者创新性思维,产生更多优秀的科研成果。此外,构建多样化的团队有利于项目成员合作交流、信息共享,同时依托雄厚的学科基础能够为基金项目提供更多平台和支撑,驱动科研项目实现高效能,该路径能够解释22.84%的案例。作为该路径下的典型案例2,负责人年龄54岁,项目所属单位拥有国家级,省级科研平台6个。该项目合作单位有2个,分别是中国人民解放军总医院和山东新华医疗器械公司,团队成员来源高校、医院和企业,包括教授、研究员、副研究员、工程师等,成员组成多样化并且在项目开展过程中积极进行团队交流,开展合作交流次数高于平均水平50%。多元化的团队结构,加之密切的团队合作交流、学科基础扎实,驱动团队产生高效能。该路径依托跨部门协作与资源优势,适合攻克复杂问题。典型案例涉及高校、医院与企业合作,团队交流频繁、结构多元,依托单位具备多个科研平台,表现出较强的协同攻关能力。
(3)学科支撑-团队成长型。该路径包含S3组态,其中含核心条件为:[团队合作*学科基础],即学科基础好,团队合作强。边缘条件组态为:[负责人年龄*机构声誉*~团队异质性*~负责人能力],即负责人年轻、机构声誉高,团队异质性低,负责人能力一般。这一路径表明团队合作及学科基础突出作为核心条件起主导作用,负责人年轻、依托机构声誉好为辅助边缘条件。具体而言,此路径的主要驱动力来自团队合作和学科基础。项目依托于好的学科基础,加以积极的团队合作,能够获得科学基金项目高效能。该路径解释21%的案例团队,典型案例中的案例30,负责人37岁,依托单位是西北工业大学,合作单位有山东大学,项目依托“双一流”建设平台,学科资源和平台资源丰富,展开密切合作是项目高效能的关键,其中团队合作次数高于平均水平70%。该路径强调在良好学科平台上,通过密集合作,可以促进团队成长与人才培养。该路径下团队负责人较为年轻,虽学术积累尚浅,但团队合作频繁,结构多以年轻科研人员为主,适合作为科研人才的培养基地。
研究对山东区域联合基金项目高效能组态的稳健性进行了验证。在QCA集合论方法框架下,当操作条件发生轻微变动时,若结果仍满足子集关系且核心发现的解释逻辑保持一致,则该组态可被判定为稳健[24]。本文采用调整一致性阈值的方式进行稳健性检验,将稳健性阈值调整为0.78,其余条件保持不变,结果如表7所示,调整阈值后的组态中包含了表6中的所有组态,由此判断,本文结果稳健。
本研究基于组态视角,以山东区域联合基金为实证对象,系统揭示了有组织科研模式下多要素协同匹配对科学基金效能的影响机制,主要得出以下结论:
(1)科学基金效能提升依赖于多重要素的协同匹配,单一变量无法单独构成高效能的必要条件。研究表明,负责人能力、负责人年龄、团队异质性、团队合作、学科基础、机构声誉情况等要素中无一单独成为区域联合基金高效能的必要条件,多个条件的复杂组合才是科学基金效能提升的有效路径。因此,单个条件因素难以成为制约科学基金项目效能的关键因素,提升科学基金效能需要多个要素协同配置。
(2)学科基础是区域联合基金效能提升的刚性支撑,并体现出科研资源配置中的“马太效应”。组态分析表明,在所有的高效能路径中,学科基础均作为核心条件出现,表明学科基础对区域联合基金项目高效能的支撑作用。随着我国“双一流”战略的推进强化了一流学科在资源集聚与创新生态中的核心地位,一流的学科能够提供完善的科研基础设施、丰富的学术资源和良好的创新生态,促进科研项目产出[7]。本研究发现即使在一些非“双一流”高校中,资源倾斜集聚的一流学科,项目依托学科优势获得充足的资源支持,也可产生优异的科研绩效。相比之下,学科基础薄弱的项目即便机构声誉较高,也难以持续产出高水平成果,这表明学科建设水平而非单纯机构身份,正在成为影响科研效能的关键因素,进一步印证了科学研究中“强者愈强”的积累效应。这一发现不仅实证检验了科学研究中的“马太效应”[9,10],也从绩效产出角度证明了“双一流”建设以学科为基础的合理性。
(3)存在多条提升区域联合科学基金效能的组态路径,多个要素间存在一定的替代效应。本研究识别出三条高效能组态路径:资源牵引-青年领军型、政产学研-协同攻坚型、学科支撑-团队成长型,其中资源牵引-青年领军型分布最为普遍。这些路径说明,在学科基础良好的前提下,负责人能力、团队合作、机构声誉等弹性要素可通过组合置换产生替代效应。这一发现为科研资源配置提供了重要依据,表明有组织科研在实践中可通过差异化要素组合提升效能。
(1)优化科学基金管理机制,完善项目要素配置,制定差异化资助策略。有组织科研下科学基金效能依赖多要素协同互动,要素间存在替代效应。各项目在学科基础、机构声誉以及负责人个体情况上存在较大差异,可以通过优化要素组合提升科学基金项目效能。建立基于要素组合的动态评估与资助机制,对青年学者主导的项目可降低机构声誉门槛,重点考察其学术潜力与学科基础;对面向重大需求的跨领域攻关项目强化团队合作与异质性、产学研协同等要求,引导项目通过要素组合置换提升整体效能。
(2)确立学科本位的资源配置导向,强化一流学科的刚性支撑作用。实证结果显示,学科基础是区域联合基金项目高效能的关键因素,在高效能项目中,“双一流”学科建设起到重要作用,不管是在双一流还是普通高校,学科基础均发挥重要作用。因此要进一步强化学科发展的重要性,在国家“双一流”建设的大背景下,持续加大对高水平学科(包括普通高校中的优势特色学科)的稳定支持力度,推动其成为集聚人才、科技资源的创新高地,为有组织科研下科学基金项目顺利实施的提供坚实基础。
本文的研究贡献在于突破传统单因素对项目效能“净效应”分析的局限,以组态视角揭示有组织科研中科研要素组合匹配对效能的影响,为复杂系统视角下的科研管理提供新范式。研究提出“学科基础是效能提升的刚性支撑,弹性要素存在条件替代效应”的结论,表明有组织科研是刚性资源支撑与弹性要素匹配协同作用的结果,既为实践中优化科研资源配置提供重要依据,又是破解有组织科研从理论探索到实践验证的“范式密码”。研究表明高水平学科对科研资源集聚与项目效能提升的支撑作用,证实了科学研究中“马太效应”的存在[9,23],也进一步验证了“双一流”建设的有效性,在今后的发展中各高校应该继续发展优势学科,建设双一流学科,培养高层次创新人才,服务经济社会发展。
科学基金项目的实施是一个复杂的过程,由于时间和数据限制,本研究以山东区域联合基金结题项目为例,研究样本相对较少,同时2017-2023年第二期数据并未全部结题,还有未结题项目未纳入其中。在后续研究中还应扩展至科学基金更多的项目。
  • 国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CGL053)
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2026年第44卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2025-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08
  • 修回日期:2025-10-10
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CGL053)
作者信息
    1 山东财经大学公共管理学院, 山东济南 250014
    2 华东师范大学公共管理学院, 上海 200062
    3 广州南方学院, 广东广州 510970

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孟溦(1970-),女,教授。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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种数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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