Article(id=1315372207518372772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1733155200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-03, revisedDate=1744300800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791538772706, onlineDateStr=2026-10-09, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791538772706, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791538772705, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791538772705, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315372180473496558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791538766258, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791538833264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315372461596725883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315372461596725884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=373, endPage=385, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315372209284174758, articleId=1315372207518372772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Scientific and technological achievement transformation services and technology transfer performance of research institutions:Evidence from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Research institutions serve as a vital pillar of the national strategic science and technology force in science and technology, and their technology transfer performance plays a significant role in the national innovation system. Technology transfer services are an essential catalyst in transforming scientific research outputs into social benefits. However, existing studies, mainly focusing on universities and enterprises, have largely overlooked how the scientific and technological achievement transformation services of research institutions influence technology transfer performance.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is a key research institution in China’s innovation activities, with extensive exploration and practice in technology transfer. CAS is a representative case for research institutions’ technology transfer. Its intellectual property commissioner system plays an important role in the protection, transformation, and utilization of intellectual property by providing professional and efficient talent protection and intellectual property services. Therefore, this study focuses on intellectual property commissioners within the Chinese Academy of Sciences and utilizes data collected through a questionnaire survey. It examines the impact and underlying mechanisms of scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities on technology transfer performance, distinguishing between two dimensions: basic value-added service capacity and commercial operation service capacity. It also examines the moderating effect of organizational support on the relationship between these two aspects.

Our findings indicate that both basic value-added service capability and commercial operation service capability have significant positive effects on technology transfer performance, with the effect of commercial operation service capability demonstrating a more pronounced impact. The quality of scientific and technological achievements plays a partial mediating role between both types of service capabilities and technology transfer performance. Organizational support is found to positively moderate the relationships between commercial operation service capabilities and the quality of scientific and technological achievements, as well as technology transfer performance.

We contribute to existing research in the following ways. First, we expand the existing literature on technology transfer by analyzing the impact of technology transfer service capabilities on the technology transfer performance of research institutions, and considering the differentiated effects of different service capabilities. This broadens the micro perspective of technology transfer and provides a theoretical research framework for future studies. Second, we explain the mechanisms through which technology transfer service capabilities affect technology transfer performance, thus expanding the channels through which these capabilities operate in the technology transfer process. Third, we incorporate the organizational support, an organizational factor, into the analytical framework between scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities and technology transfer, clarifying the conditions under which scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities influence technology transfer performance.

In the context of the national innovation-driven development strategy, these findings not only provide theoretical insights for optimizing the allocation of scientific and technological resources and enhancing the technology transfer performance of research institutions through service capabilities, but also offer empirical evidence for policy-making, which has important theoretical significance and practical value. On one hand, research institutions should strengthen the service capabilities of their intellectual property personnel, especially commercial operation service capabilities. In addition, research institutions should place emphasis on improving the quality of scientific and technological achievements. On the other hand, government and research institutions should optimize organizational support mechanisms to foster an organizational environment conducive to technology transfer.

, authors=Xin-hua JIANG1, 2, Bing XIAO2, Hai-bo LIU1, 2, Ya-feng ZHANG1, authorsList=Xin-hua JIANG, Bing XIAO, Hai-bo LIU, Ya-feng ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ya-feng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315372209946874793, articleId=1315372207518372772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=科技成果转化服务与科研机构技术转移绩效——以中国科学院为例, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

科研机构是重要的国家战略科技力量,其技术转移成效在国家创新体系中发挥重要作用。科技成果转化服务是促进科研机构创新成果转化为社会效益的重要助力。然而,现有研究缺乏对科技成果转化服务如何影响科研机构技术转移绩效的探讨。本文以中国科学院知识产权专员为研究对象,通过问卷调查获取数据,并从基础增值服务能力和商业运营服务能力两个层次,分析科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响效果和机制。研究发现,基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效有显著正向影响,其中,商业运营服务能力的效果更显著;科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效间发挥部分中介作用;组织支持在商业运营服务能力与科技成果质量、技术转移绩效间发挥正向调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了科技成果转化服务影响技术转移绩效的理论框架,还为科研机构如何通过科技成果转化服务提升技术转移绩效提供了有益洞见。

, authors=姜新华1, 2, 肖冰2, 刘海波1, 2, 张亚峰1, authorsList=姜新华, 肖冰, 刘海波, 张亚峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张亚峰, authorNote=

姜新华(1997-),女,博士研究生。

肖冰(1986-),男,副研究员。

刘海波(1964-),男,研究员、博士生导师。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张亚峰(1988-),男,副教授, E-mail: 。
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肖冰(1986-),男,副研究员。

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Research Policy, 2023, 52(1): 104646., articleTitle=Technology transfer from national/federal labs and public research institutes: Managerial and policy implications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315372214594163677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, awardId=E4X0231601, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学院计划“2024中国科学院知识产权研究与培训”(E4X0231601), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315372210257253291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372210265641900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, companyId=1315372210257253291, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372210274030509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, companyId=1315372210257253291, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315372210332750766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372210336945071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, companyId=1315372210332750766, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372210345333680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, companyId=1315372210332750766, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315372212052415441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Research framework, figureFileSmall=EiMiCryF4JVO84raoAcR1g==, figureFileBig=qWv0RYrdO0cB1A4iE6M+LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372213612696530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究框架, figureFileSmall=EiMiCryF4JVO84raoAcR1g==, figureFileBig=qWv0RYrdO0cB1A4iE6M+LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372213809828819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Mean 3.686 3.761 3.552 3.771 3.834 1.648 2.352 2.819 5.695 5.267
SD 0.55 0.609 0.66 0.588 0.695 0.48 0.554 0.907 4.109 1.423
(1) TP
(2) BS 0.406***
(3) CS 0.485*** 0.793***
(4) TQ 0.490*** 0.466*** 0.464***
(5) OS 0.463*** 0.305*** 0.308*** 0.377***
(6) GR -0.071 -0.103 -0.138 0.027 -0.022
(7) ED 0.009 0.052 0.024 0.021 -0.155 -0.179*
(8) TL -0.038 -0.044 0.051 0.007 -0.083 -0.082 0.128
(9) CY 0.105 0.039 0.053 0.108 -0.111 0.155 0.077 -0.010
(10) DP 0.022 -0.126 -0.053 -0.084 -0.075 -0.058 -0.011 -0.134 -0.144
), ArticleFig(id=1315372213897909204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Mean 3.686 3.761 3.552 3.771 3.834 1.648 2.352 2.819 5.695 5.267
SD 0.55 0.609 0.66 0.588 0.695 0.48 0.554 0.907 4.109 1.423
(1) TP
(2) BS 0.406***
(3) CS 0.485*** 0.793***
(4) TQ 0.490*** 0.466*** 0.464***
(5) OS 0.463*** 0.305*** 0.308*** 0.377***
(6) GR -0.071 -0.103 -0.138 0.027 -0.022
(7) ED 0.009 0.052 0.024 0.021 -0.155 -0.179*
(8) TL -0.038 -0.044 0.051 0.007 -0.083 -0.082 0.128
(9) CY 0.105 0.039 0.053 0.108 -0.111 0.155 0.077 -0.010
(10) DP 0.022 -0.126 -0.053 -0.084 -0.075 -0.058 -0.011 -0.134 -0.144
), ArticleFig(id=1315372213965018069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of reliability and validity tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 因子载荷 Cronbach's α AVE CR
基础增值服务能力 0.727 0.772 0.532 0.773
0.711
0.750
商业运营服务能力 0.750 0.776 0.542 0.780
0.690
0.767
科技成果质量 0.898 0.891 0.674 0.892
0.828
0.704
0.842
组织支持 0.636 0.818 0.627 0.832
0.860
0.859
技术转移绩效 0.816 0.826 0.630 0.835
0.883
0.667
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214027932630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

信效度检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 因子载荷 Cronbach's α AVE CR
基础增值服务能力 0.727 0.772 0.532 0.773
0.711
0.750
商业运营服务能力 0.750 0.776 0.542 0.780
0.690
0.767
科技成果质量 0.898 0.891 0.674 0.892
0.828
0.704
0.842
组织支持 0.636 0.818 0.627 0.832
0.860
0.859
技术转移绩效 0.816 0.826 0.630 0.835
0.883
0.667
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214099235799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of regression of main and mediated effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TP TQ TP
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
GR -0.033 -0.010 0.106 0.116 -0.120 -0.074 -0.050
(0.127) (0.123) (0.126) (0.125) (0.118) (0.119) (0.116)
ED 0.011 0.033 0.005 0.028 0.010 0.009 0.023
(0.113) (0.109) (0.111) (0.111) (0.107) (0.105) (0.102)
TL -0.037 -0.062 -0.008 -0.035 -0.038 -0.034 -0.050
(0.066) (0.063) (0.065) (0.065) (0.062) (0.061) (0.060)
CY 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
DP 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
BS 0.372*** 0.439*** 0.201*
(0.099) (0.097) (0.103)
CS 0.402*** 0.410*** 0.259***
(0.087) (0.089) (0.092)
TQ 0.486*** 0.390*** 0.349***
(0.097) (0.107) (0.105)
_cons 1.960*** 1.817*** 2.103*** 2.202*** 1.594** 1.140 1.048
(0.719) (0.678) (0.711) (0.692) (0.678) (0.705) (0.678)
R2 0.324 0.372 0.414 0.419 0.395 0.424 0.452
F 1.365 1.689 2.015 2.060 1.864 2.000 2.236
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214183121880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主效应与中介效应回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TP TQ TP
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
GR -0.033 -0.010 0.106 0.116 -0.120 -0.074 -0.050
(0.127) (0.123) (0.126) (0.125) (0.118) (0.119) (0.116)
ED 0.011 0.033 0.005 0.028 0.010 0.009 0.023
(0.113) (0.109) (0.111) (0.111) (0.107) (0.105) (0.102)
TL -0.037 -0.062 -0.008 -0.035 -0.038 -0.034 -0.050
(0.066) (0.063) (0.065) (0.065) (0.062) (0.061) (0.060)
CY 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
DP 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制
BS 0.372*** 0.439*** 0.201*
(0.099) (0.097) (0.103)
CS 0.402*** 0.410*** 0.259***
(0.087) (0.089) (0.092)
TQ 0.486*** 0.390*** 0.349***
(0.097) (0.107) (0.105)
_cons 1.960*** 1.817*** 2.103*** 2.202*** 1.594** 1.140 1.048
(0.719) (0.678) (0.711) (0.692) (0.678) (0.705) (0.678)
R2 0.324 0.372 0.414 0.419 0.395 0.424 0.452
F 1.365 1.689 2.015 2.060 1.864 2.000 2.236
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214262813657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation effect of test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 效应值 标准误 Z值 P值 下限 上限
基础增值服务能力—科技成果质量—技术转移绩效 直接效应 0.207 0.097 2.13 0.033 0.017 0.397
间接效应 0.165 0.070 2.36 0.018 0.028 0.302
商业运营服务能力—科技成果质量—技术转移绩效 直接效应 0.271 0.087 3.13 0.002 0.101 0.441
间接效应 0.134 0.066 2.04 0.041 0.005 0.264
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214334116826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径 效应值 标准误 Z值 P值 下限 上限
基础增值服务能力—科技成果质量—技术转移绩效 直接效应 0.207 0.097 2.13 0.033 0.017 0.397
间接效应 0.165 0.070 2.36 0.018 0.028 0.302
商业运营服务能力—科技成果质量—技术转移绩效 直接效应 0.271 0.087 3.13 0.002 0.101 0.441
间接效应 0.134 0.066 2.04 0.041 0.005 0.264
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214409614299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of the moderating effect test of organizational support

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TQ TP
M8 M9 M10 M11
GR 0.060 0.088 -0.081 -0.048
(0.121) (0.119) (0.119) (0.113)
ED 0.051 0.071 0.062 0.082
(0.107) (0.105) (0.106) (0.100)
TL 0.020 0.005 0.000 -0.014
(0.063) (0.062) (0.062) (0.059)
CY 控制 控制 控制 控制
DP 控制 控制 控制 控制
BS 0.322*** 0.239**
(0.101) (0.099)
CS 0.323*** 0.295***
(0.088) (0.084)
OS 0.202** 0.237*** 0.302*** 0.298***
(0.086) (0.082) (0.085) (0.078)
BS×OS 0.226 0.075
(0.155) (0.153)
CS×OS 0.238** 0.192*
(0.117) (0.112)
_cons 3.530*** 3.386*** 3.054*** 2.927***
(0.568) (0.558) (0.559) (0.532)
R2 0.479 0.499 0.431 0.488
F 2.380 2.578 1.962 2.461
), ArticleFig(id=1315372214480917468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372207518372772, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

组织支持的调节效应检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TQ TP
M8 M9 M10 M11
GR 0.060 0.088 -0.081 -0.048
(0.121) (0.119) (0.119) (0.113)
ED 0.051 0.071 0.062 0.082
(0.107) (0.105) (0.106) (0.100)
TL 0.020 0.005 0.000 -0.014
(0.063) (0.062) (0.062) (0.059)
CY 控制 控制 控制 控制
DP 控制 控制 控制 控制
BS 0.322*** 0.239**
(0.101) (0.099)
CS 0.323*** 0.295***
(0.088) (0.084)
OS 0.202** 0.237*** 0.302*** 0.298***
(0.086) (0.082) (0.085) (0.078)
BS×OS 0.226 0.075
(0.155) (0.153)
CS×OS 0.238** 0.192*
(0.117) (0.112)
_cons 3.530*** 3.386*** 3.054*** 2.927***
(0.568) (0.558) (0.559) (0.532)
R2 0.479 0.499 0.431 0.488
F 2.380 2.578 1.962 2.461
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科技成果转化服务与科研机构技术转移绩效——以中国科学院为例
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姜新华 1, 2 , 肖冰 2 , 刘海波 1, 2 , 张亚峰 1
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(2): 373-385
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (2) : 373 -385
科技成果转化服务与科研机构技术转移绩效——以中国科学院为例
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姜新华1, 2, 肖冰2, 刘海波1, 2, 张亚峰1
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190
  • 2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190
通讯作者:
张亚峰(1988-),男,副教授, E-mail: 。
作者简介:

姜新华(1997-),女,博士研究生。

肖冰(1986-),男,副研究员。

刘海波(1964-),男,研究员、博士生导师。

Scientific and technological achievement transformation services and technology transfer performance of research institutions:Evidence from the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xin-hua JIANG1, 2, Bing XIAO2, Hai-bo LIU1, 2, Ya-feng ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15
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科研机构是重要的国家战略科技力量,其技术转移成效在国家创新体系中发挥重要作用。科技成果转化服务是促进科研机构创新成果转化为社会效益的重要助力。然而,现有研究缺乏对科技成果转化服务如何影响科研机构技术转移绩效的探讨。本文以中国科学院知识产权专员为研究对象,通过问卷调查获取数据,并从基础增值服务能力和商业运营服务能力两个层次,分析科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响效果和机制。研究发现,基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效有显著正向影响,其中,商业运营服务能力的效果更显著;科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效间发挥部分中介作用;组织支持在商业运营服务能力与科技成果质量、技术转移绩效间发挥正向调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了科技成果转化服务影响技术转移绩效的理论框架,还为科研机构如何通过科技成果转化服务提升技术转移绩效提供了有益洞见。

科技成果转化服务  /  技术转移绩效  /  知识产权专员  /  科技成果质量  /  组织支持

Research institutions serve as a vital pillar of the national strategic science and technology force in science and technology, and their technology transfer performance plays a significant role in the national innovation system. Technology transfer services are an essential catalyst in transforming scientific research outputs into social benefits. However, existing studies, mainly focusing on universities and enterprises, have largely overlooked how the scientific and technological achievement transformation services of research institutions influence technology transfer performance.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is a key research institution in China’s innovation activities, with extensive exploration and practice in technology transfer. CAS is a representative case for research institutions’ technology transfer. Its intellectual property commissioner system plays an important role in the protection, transformation, and utilization of intellectual property by providing professional and efficient talent protection and intellectual property services. Therefore, this study focuses on intellectual property commissioners within the Chinese Academy of Sciences and utilizes data collected through a questionnaire survey. It examines the impact and underlying mechanisms of scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities on technology transfer performance, distinguishing between two dimensions: basic value-added service capacity and commercial operation service capacity. It also examines the moderating effect of organizational support on the relationship between these two aspects.

Our findings indicate that both basic value-added service capability and commercial operation service capability have significant positive effects on technology transfer performance, with the effect of commercial operation service capability demonstrating a more pronounced impact. The quality of scientific and technological achievements plays a partial mediating role between both types of service capabilities and technology transfer performance. Organizational support is found to positively moderate the relationships between commercial operation service capabilities and the quality of scientific and technological achievements, as well as technology transfer performance.

We contribute to existing research in the following ways. First, we expand the existing literature on technology transfer by analyzing the impact of technology transfer service capabilities on the technology transfer performance of research institutions, and considering the differentiated effects of different service capabilities. This broadens the micro perspective of technology transfer and provides a theoretical research framework for future studies. Second, we explain the mechanisms through which technology transfer service capabilities affect technology transfer performance, thus expanding the channels through which these capabilities operate in the technology transfer process. Third, we incorporate the organizational support, an organizational factor, into the analytical framework between scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities and technology transfer, clarifying the conditions under which scientific and technological achievements transformation service capabilities influence technology transfer performance.

In the context of the national innovation-driven development strategy, these findings not only provide theoretical insights for optimizing the allocation of scientific and technological resources and enhancing the technology transfer performance of research institutions through service capabilities, but also offer empirical evidence for policy-making, which has important theoretical significance and practical value. On one hand, research institutions should strengthen the service capabilities of their intellectual property personnel, especially commercial operation service capabilities. In addition, research institutions should place emphasis on improving the quality of scientific and technological achievements. On the other hand, government and research institutions should optimize organizational support mechanisms to foster an organizational environment conducive to technology transfer.

scientific and technological achievement transformation services  /  technology transfer performance  /  intellectual property commissioner  /  quality of scientific and technological achievements  /  organizational support
姜新华, 肖冰, 刘海波, 张亚峰. 科技成果转化服务与科研机构技术转移绩效——以中国科学院为例. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (2) : 373 -385 .
Xin-hua JIANG, Bing XIAO, Hai-bo LIU, Ya-feng ZHANG. Scientific and technological achievement transformation services and technology transfer performance of research institutions:Evidence from the Chinese Academy of Sciences[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (2) : 373 -385 .
技术转移成效深刻影响着国家创新系统运行效率。如何借助专业化的科技成果转化服务创造高质量的知识产权,将原始创新转化为社会效益,成为学术界和实务界关注的重要问题。2021年,国家知识产权局等四部门发布的《关于推动科研组织知识产权高质量发展的指导意见》和中共中央、国务院发布的《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021-2035年)》均提及知识产权管理和服务。科研机构是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,在引领前沿科学技术进步、服务国家战略需求、支撑社会经济发展中扮演重要角色[1],但科技成果转化效果差强人意[2]。一方面,作为产业化关键因素之一的科研人员主要关注学术研究,并不擅长技术转移工作[3];另一方面,科研机构更加强调任务导向和公共价值,在技术转移时面临科学和商业化的紧张关系[4]。我国科技工作者科技成果转化需求的调查结果显示,科技工作者当前获取的服务以成果转移阶段的知识物化服务为主,对成果产业化服务需求较大[5]。为此,探索如何更好地服务科技成果转化过程具有重要现实意义。
现有文献围绕技术转移讨论了政策制度[6-8]、产学研合作[11,12]、技术转移机构[13,14]等方面的影响。虽然有文献关注到技术中介转化服务能力的重要性[15,16],但缺乏对科研组织内部科技成果转化服务能力影响技术转移绩效机制的分析。一方面,关于科技成果转化服务的文献主要集中在知识产权信息服务,以及知识产权和技术转移服务人才的培养方面[15],缺乏对整体科技成果转化服务的深入探讨以及不同转化服务的差异化分析[18,19]。另一方面,关于知识产权服务的研究主要集中在高校和企业[2,20,21],忽视了主要以使命驱动型研究为导向的科研机构的技术转移[4],缺乏关于科研机构相关人员的科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效影响的实证检验。科研机构在使命定位、科研活动等方面都与大学存在差异,从而其技术转移规律也与大学有所不同[21]。不同于高校的人才培养、教学和基础学术研究,科研机构更注重技术创新和应用,主要面向产业和社会需求[22]。因此,研究科研机构技术转移更具实践背景和时代意义,对科研机构的科技成果转化服务是否有利于技术转移绩效仍有待深入剖析。
本文以中国科学院知识产权专员为研究对象,分析科技成果转化服务能力对科研机构技术转移绩效的作用,并从组织层面出发,探究组织支持在科技成果转化服务能力与科技成果质量、技术转移绩效间的调节作用。本文为科研机构利用科技成果转化服务人才实现知识产权的高水平创造、管理和运用提供了经验和依据。
为研究科技成果转化服务能力与科研机构技术转移绩效的关系,本文建立了如图1所示的研究框架。具体来看,首先探讨科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响,在此基础上,分别研究科技成果质量的中介效应和组织支持的调节效应。
科技成果转化服务是指为促进科技成果从实验室到市场的转化而提供的支持与服务,包括技术评估、知识产权管理、市场对接、合同谈判、商业运营等[23],旨在加速科技成果的产业化应用并实现价值增值。在科技成果转化过程中,专业化服务发挥重要作用[14,24,25],科技中介服务能力是驱动成果转化的关键因素[13,26]。在关于技术转移服务人员的研究中,吕旭宁和白新文从通用能力、个人素养、职业素养、知识产权转移转化能力和知识产权专业能力五方面构建国立科研机构知识产权人员素质能力,并发现素质能力对其工作绩效有正向影响[15]。马翔从职业技能服务、商业运营服务和增值业务服务三方面验证了知识产权服务对高校技术转移绩效的提升作用[20]。一方面,科技成果转化服务人员通过提供知识产权创造、保护和管理等基础技能范畴内的服务,进行知识产权的战略布局和商业规划[19],属于基础增值服务。另一方面,科技成果转化服务人员为科技成果的转让、许可、作价投资等转移转化提供支持,包括对科技成果的评估、与外部利益相关方的沟通合作、技术交易合同的谈判等,促进科技成果从科研机构到市场主体的转移[20],属于商业运营服务。因此,本文认为科技成果转化服务能力主要包括基础增值服务能力和商业运营服务能力。
为促进知识产权管理、科技创新和科技成果转化,中国科学院设立知识产权专员制度,服务于中国科学院科研活动和知识产权管理工作实际。作为重要的科技成果转化服务提供者,知识产权专员的科技成果转化服务能力对促进技术转移有重要影响。首先,知识产权专员的基础增值服务能力能够促进技术转移绩效的提升。不同于外部的知识产权服务,中国科学院知识产权专员更能熟悉研究所内部工作,从整体层面进行知识产权的规划、布局和技术转移的支持工作,提升科技成果的整体价值。知识产权专员制度的最初定位是科研项目的知识产权全过程管理[27]。在项目立项阶段,知识产权专员基于对专利信息的检索和分析,识别当前技术的发展现状,保护潜在知识产权,并维护已经获得知识产权的技术和产品,通过专利布局对本单位知识产权进行战略规划,提高知识产权的商业价值和转化前景。因此,基础增值服务能力通过对知识产权的创造、保护和管理,实现知识产权的价值增值,促进原始创新转化为社会效益。
其次,知识产权专员的商业运营服务能力能够促进技术转移绩效的提升。第一,知识产权专员承担技术合同撰写与沟通谈判等细节工作。在商业化过程中,科研人员对学术研究与产业合作通常持不同的偏好和态度,部分科研人员注重学术研究,不擅长技术转移流程,缺乏专业谈判技能,因此需要委托服务人员参与科技成果转化工作[3]。第二,知识产权专员可以为科技成果提供技术交易渠道,将技术供给方与需求方连接起来,缓解信息不对称,促进技术交易的达成[28]。由于交易成本以及交易双方之间的信息不对称[29],技术的转移转化面临许多障碍。科技成果转化服务人员通过提供专业的市场分析和技术评估,包括信息对接、成果评估、技术交易、沟通谈判等服务,帮助科研人员更好理解市场需求,调整研发方向。此外,通过对接概念验证、小试、中试渠道,提高技术商业化的可行性和潜力。第三,知识产权专员可以为科技成果转化提供合规性管理。科研机构的科技成果通常由单位所有,带有国有资产属性,因此科技成果转化涉及国有资产处置问题,技术交易需要进行资产评估、公示、公开,以及符合相关的法律要求和政策规定。另外,在成果的推广和转化阶段,知识产权专员可以通过跨部门沟通就不同主体之间的权利义务分配、成果归属、收益分配等方面做出合理安排,以减少不必要纠纷。综上,高水平的商业化运营服务,能促进知识产权增值以及提升其商业潜力,进而推动科研机构科技成果转化成现实生产力。
由此,提出以下假设:
H1a:基础增值服务能力正向影响科研机构技术转移绩效。
H1b:商业运营服务能力正向影响科研机构技术转移绩效。
(1)科技成果转化服务能力与科技成果质量
科技成果质量是指科技成果在新颖性、创造性和市场应用性等方面所达到的水平,强调成果中包含知识的重要性[30]。以知识产权服务为代表的科技成果转化服务有助于提升专利文本撰写质量、确定合理的权利保护范围[31],完善专利布局、提升专利质量[19,31],进而促进潜在专利交易的达成。
一方面,高水平的基础增值服务能力意味着知识产权专员具有较高的专业基础素养,包括专利代理和对职务科技成果、技术合同撰写等相关政策制度的理解与运用,能够准确描述技术特征,将科研机构研究人员的学术语言转化成规范化、标准化的专利申请语言,提高专利文本撰写的质量[32]。同时,知识产权专员可以通过分析相关领域的技术发展态势,优化调整现有的知识产权布局,通过知识产权组合提高科技成果质量。再者,知识产权专员可以分析技术的潜在应用领域,明确科技成果的商业化前景,制定可行的技术路线,提高科技成果的应用价值。
另一方面,高水平的商业运营服务能力可以促使科研机构与产业部门有效沟通,充分交流互补知识,提高成果质量[30]。在科技成果的推广阶段,知识产权专员为科技成果的概念验证、小试、中试等过程搭建对接渠道,降低搜索成本,并根据市场需求及时调整研发方向。通过打通科研与市场间的沟通机制,以需求为导向,提高创新成果的技术可行性和商业可行性[33],进而提高科技成果的质量[19,20]。
由此,本文提出以下假设:
H2a:基础增值服务能力正向影响科研机构的科技成果质量。
H2b:商业运营服务能力正向影响科研机构的科技成果质量。
(2)科技成果质量在科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移绩效间的关系
高质量的科技成果代表着扎实的科学基础、显著的创新价值、更高的商业价值、广泛的应用潜力以及满足市场需求的能力,更容易转移到产业部门[34],实现更高的社会和经济效益。科技成果质量能够通过信号效应,缓解技术交易双方之间的信息不对称,有利于技术成果的转化[35],将原始创新转化为现实生产力,主要表现在三方面。第一,高质量的科技成果在技术上具有显著的创新性,能够为市场主体带来竞争优势,因此更易促进技术交易双方的合作。第二,高质量的科技成果通常经过严格的验证,具有较高的稳定性和可靠性,能够降低技术转移风险,从而在技术转移交易谈判中更具有吸引力,提升转移概率。第三,高质量的科技成果具有更高的商业价值,往往能带来更高的经济效益,同时更高的技术成熟度能够减少企业再次开发需求,进而提高转移绩效。
由此,本文提出以下假设:
H3:科技成果质量正向影响技术转移绩效。
知识产权专员带来的规范性知识产权管理以及多元化转移服务支持,增强了科技成果的创新性和商业化潜力,提升了科技成果的质量和价值。随着科技成果质量的提升,科研机构在产业界的声誉和影响力增强,更容易与产业部门建立合作关系,促进了技术的快速应用和推广[30]。一方面,知识产权专员参与科研项目知识产权全过程管理,在知识产权申请、布局等方面发挥专业作用[31],提高科技成果的实际应用价值,促进高质量科技成果的创造;另一方面,通过技术评估、技术转移渠道对接和沟通谈判等服务优化科技成果的技术可行性和商业可行性,增强技术的产业化能力,最终提升技术转移效果和效率。此外,科技成果转化服务通过缓解交易双方的信息不对称,增强技术需求方与科研机构的互信程度,有利于在后续试验、开发、应用、推广中保持顺畅合作,提高科技成果质量,进而提升技术转移绩效。
由此,本文提出以下假设:
H4a:科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力与技术转移绩效之间起中介作用。
H4b:科技成果质量在商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效之间起中介作用。
在组织内部,员工的工作表现和组织承诺水平与组织给予的物质和精神等奖励有关[36],因此组织支持对员工行为产生促进和激励作用。组织支持会对组织创新绩效产生重要影响[37],向员工传递出组织对员工的重视和支持程度,提高员工的工作满意度,影响高层次人才的知识转移和服务绩效[38]。在科技成果转化过程中,组织因素同样起到关键作用[39],技术转移会受到相关人员所在组织的情境因素的影响[40]。
首先,组织支持通过激励和强化专业能力影响科技成果转化服务能力与科技成果质量之间的关系。一方面,组织支持会影响员工的服务动机[41]。当知识产权专员感受到来自组织的支持,如资源投入和情感关怀,会增强对组织的自豪感,更倾向于为组织目标付出努力。强组织支持会激励知识产权专员在工作中投入更多的努力与资源,促使科技成果质量得到保障和提升。另一方面,组织的资源支持(如资金、设备、培训等)能够提高知识产权专员的工作技能和综合素养[42],为科技成果的研发和管理提供必要支持,从而使知识产权专员更好地参与科研项目知识产权管理,提高科技成果的质量。
其次,组织支持通过提供资源支持和外部对接影响科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移绩效之间的关系。技术转移活动具有高度的专业性和复杂性,通常涉及到专业技术知识、对市场需求的理解、知识产权的保护、以及合作各方的利益协调等方面,因此需要专业服务人员在这一过程中弥合知识和信息的差距,提供专业支持和资源,提升技术转移的效率与成功率。例如,科研单位提供的成果数据库、成果对接平台、概念验证中心对接等资源,能有效促进技术转移交易的达成。较高的组织支持能够为知识产权专员提供必要外部资源,为技术转移转化搭建渠道,对接概念验证、小试、中试平台,有利于获得企业和投资者的认可。组织支持增强了知识产权专员响应市场主体和科研主体需求的积极性,灵活应对技术转移过程中的问题。
由此,本文提出以下假设:
H5a:组织支持正向调节基础增值服务能力与科技成果质量之间的正向关系。
H5b:组织支持正向调节商业运营服务能力与科技成果质量之间的正向关系。
H6a:组织支持正向调节基础增值服务能力与技术转移绩效之间的正向关系。
H6b:组织支持正向调节商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效之间的正向关系。
中国科学院的知识产权专员制度以适应和满足中国科学院科技创新与知识产权工作实际为目标,旨在培养精通科学技术、法律、知识产权、管理等领域的复合型人才,为知识产权事业发展提供人才保障,并通过专业、高效的知识产权服务,助力研究所知识产权的保护、转化和运用,促进经济发展和技术进步。
本文选取中国科学院知识产权专员为研究对象,主要原因包括以下方面。第一,中国科学院是我国科技领域最高研究和咨询机构,是创新活动中重要的国家战略科技力量,在技术转移方面有着丰富的探索和实践,在科研机构的技术转移方面较有代表性[43,44]。第二,中国科学院的知识产权专员制度是专业化知识产权和科技成果转化服务在我国科研机构的重要尝试。中国科学院有100余家下属科研机构,截至2023年底,共培养院级知识产权专员613名,为开展科技成果转化服务能力调查提供了较好的样本。第三,知识产权专员制度是一项已经实施较长时间的组织政策。中国科学院2007年发布的《关于进一步加强我院知识产权工作的指导意见》决定对重大项目与重要方向项目建立“知识产权专员”制度,2008年制定《中国科学院研究机构知识产权管理暂行办法》,基本明确了知识产权专员制度在科研项目知识产权全过程管理中的作用[27],2020年为有效促进技术转移转化发布《中国科学院院属单位知识产权管理办法》。对制度化的知识产权专员开展研究,并将样本限定在中国科学院内部,有助于保证观测对象的内在一致性,降低不可观测特征的影响。
本调查于2023年9月26日起对目标对象发放网络问卷,通过微信工作群以及群发邮件的方式,经过半个月的时间,共收回109份问卷。通过对数据人工核查,排除了部分基于被调查者未取得知识产权证书等原因的无效问卷,最终得到有效问卷105份,有效率96.3%。调查对象的统计学特征分布如下:在性别维度上,男性占比约35%,女性占比约65%;学历维度上,一半以上的调研对象拥有硕士学历,超过1/3的调研对象拥有博士学历;职称维度上,以中级和副高职称为主,分别占比39%和47%;学历背景维度上,以理学和工学为主,共占3/4;知识产权工作年限维度上,超过1/3的调研对象有10年以上相关工作经验,6-10年和3-5年的调研对象各占1/4;海外经历维度上,14%拥有6个月以上海外经历。
本文使用的问卷采用Likert五分量表进行测量,1-5表示“非常不同意”到“非常同意”。为了提高测量结果的准确性,在借鉴已有研究的基础上设计题项。各变量测量如下:
(1)技术转移绩效(TP):技术转移绩效是指科研机构的科技成果从研发到市场化的转化效率和经济效益。本文在杨阳等[45]、周凤华和朱雪忠[46]研究的基础上,结合《中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法》中对科技成果转化方式的分类①(①《中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法》将科技成果转化方式分为:自行实施投资转化;向他人转让该科技成果;许可他人使用科技成果;以科技成果作为合作条件,与他人共同实施转化;以该科技成果作价投资、折算股份或者出资比例;其他协商确定的方式。),对知识产权专员的工作效果进行调查,包括“我单位科技成果转化合同数量有很大提升”“我单位科技成果转化合同金额有很大提升”“我单位科技成果转化形式更为丰富”3个题项。
(2)基础增值服务能力(BS)与商业运营服务能力(CS):借鉴毛昊和陈大鹏[18]、马翔等[47]、吕旭宁和白新文[15]等的研究,通过知识产权专员对自身科技成果转移转化服务能力的描述进行测量。基础增值服务能力体现在专业知识基础、知识产权管理和科技成果保护能力3方面,包括“我的专业知识基础能力突出,包括对职务科技成果、技术合同等相关法律法规和政策的理解与运用”“我的知识产权管理能力突出,包括专利申请、保护、运营、专利信息检索等”和“我的科技成果保护能力突出,能识别本单位有哪些知识产权被侵犯并采取措施”3个题项。商业运营服务能力体现在技术评估、沟通合作和合同谈判3方面,包括“我的科技成果评估能力突出,包括关于技术成熟度、市场潜力和商业潜力的评估”“我与科研人员、潜在技术客户、投资人的沟通合作能力突出”“我的合同谈判能力突出,能在促成交易的同时维护己方利益”3个题项。
(3)科技成果质量(TQ):科技成果质量是指其新颖性、创造性和实用性程度,关系到科技成果能否有效转化的潜力[48],包括科技成果的技术质量和经济质量等。本文从科技成果的先进性、市场应用前景、数量导向、文本撰写水平四个方面测量,包括“我单位科技成果的先进性水平有很大提升”等4个题项。
(4)组织支持(OS):组织支持是指科研机构提供的资源、培训、规章制度等支持[16],包括3个题项,如“我单位开展的科技成果转化培训能够满足日常工作需求”等。
控制变量:本文选取知识产权专员的性别(GR)、受教育程度(ED)、职称(TL)和获取知识产权专员证书的年数(CY)、专业背景(DP)等作为控制变量。
各变量均值、标准差和相关系数如表1所示。结果显示,系数结果与预期一致,初步证明了本文的研究假设。对数据进行VIF检验,VIF均值小于5,因此各变量之间不存在多重共线性问题。
本文使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0对量表进行信度和效度分析,结果如表2所示。每个题项的载荷系数均大于0.5,各变量的Cronbach’s系数、组合信度CR均大于0.7,表示题项内容能较好解释各变量的信息。同时,各题项因子载荷均大于0.7,平均变异萃取量AVE值均大于0.5,说明量表具有较高的效度。模型的整体测度指标:χ2/df=1.62,CFI=0.935,TLI=0.917,GFI=0.853,RMSEA=0.077<0.08,说明分析模型的拟合度较好。
使用Harman单因素法对全部题项进行探索性因子分析,未旋转的因子最大方差贡献率为31.57%,小于40%,结果表明不存在严重的单一因子解释所有变量大部分方差的共同方法偏差问题。
本文采用多元回归分析方法探索科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移绩效的关系、科技成果质量的中介效应以及组织支持的调节效应。
(1)主效应与中介效应检验
基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力对科研机构技术转移绩效的影响,以及科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效间的中介效应检验如表3所示。M1是技术转移绩效对基础增值服务能力的回归,结果显示,基础增值服务能力的系数显著为正(β=0.372,P<0.01);M2是技术转移绩效对商业运营服务能力的回归,结果显示,商业运营服务能力的系数显著为正(β=0.402,P<0.01),假设H1a、H1b得到支持,根据系数大小可以发现,商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响更大。M3和M4分别检验基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力与科技成果质量的关系,基础增值服务能力(β=0.439,P<0.01)、商业运营服务能力(β=0.410,P<0.01)对科技成果质量有正向影响,假设H2a、H2b得到支持,可以看出基础增值服务能力对科技成果质量的提升作用更大。M5检验科技成果质量与技术转移绩效之间的关系,结果显示,科技成果质量对技术转移绩效有显著正向影响。
对比模型M1和M6,在加入中介变量科技成果质量后,基础增值服务能力对技术转移绩效的正向影响依旧显著(β=0.201,P<0.1),科技成果质量的系数显著为正(β=0.390,P<0.01),说明科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力与技术转移绩效之间起部分中介作用,假设H4a成立。对比模型M2和M7,在加入中介变量科技成果质量后,商业运营服务能力的系数依旧显著为正(β=0.259,P<0.01),科技成果质量的系数显著为正(β=0.349,P<0.01),说明科技成果质量在商业运营服务能力之间起部分中介作用,假设H4b成立。
此外,本文采用Bootstrap方法,通过选择样本值1000,设置95%的置信区间检验科技成果质量的中介效应。由表4可知,科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力与技术转移绩效之间、商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效之间的关系中均起部分中介作用,进一步支持假设H4a和H4b。
(2)调节效应检验
组织支持的调节作用检验结果如表5所示。根据模型M8和M9,组织支持仅显著强化了商业运营服务能力对科技成果质量的影响(β=0.238,P<0.05),假设H5b得到支持,而对基础增值服务能力与科技成果质量关系的调节作用不显著。可能的原因是,组织支持在促进科技成果商业化运营方面表现更好,强化了知识产权专员商业运营服务能力对科技成果质量的正向影响,而组织支持在内部强化知识产权管理对提高科技成果质量的作用有限。根据模型M10和M11,组织支持仅强化了商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响(β=0.192,P<0.1),假设H6b得到支持。可能的原因是,组织支持通过明确成果转化制度、提供科技成果转化平台、对接小试、中试等渠道等方面强化知识产权专员商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效的正向影响。而基础增值服务能力属于内部管理能力,主要通过激励作用产生影响,当前科研单位对知识产权专员的奖励、激励力度较弱[24],并且中国科学院长期开展知识产权工作,知识产权专员均经过系统性知识培训,对基础增值服务的依赖相对较低。
在国家创新驱动发展战略的背景下,本文以中国科学院知识产权专员为研究样本,分析科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的作用效果和机理。研究发现,知识产权专员的基础增值服务能力显著促进科研机构的技术转移绩效,科技成果质量在上述关系中起到部分中介作用。知识产权专员的商业运营服务能力显著促进科研机构技术转移绩效,科技成果质量在上述关系中起到部分中介作用。对比发现,商业运营服务能力的效果更明显。组织支持在不同科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移绩效之间存在异质性调节作用,即组织支持仅强化了商业运营服务能力对科技成果质量以及商业运营服务能力对技术转移绩效之间的正向作用。
本文主要有以下理论贡献。首先,在研究视角方面,科研机构和大学都是国家创新体系的重要组成,但是在技术转移领域,现有文献将更多的精力聚焦于大学,而对科研机构的关注还不足[4,49]。特别地,关于科技成果转化服务的研究主体集中在高校和企业[18-20],忽视了对科研机构科技成果转化服务能力影响效果的探讨。然而,科研机构在使命定位、科研开展等方面都与大学存在差异,从而其技术转移的规律也与大学有所不同[21]。本文从基础增值服务和商业运营服务的细分视角,以科研机构为研究主体,探究科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的影响,并考虑不同服务能力的差异化影响。研究结果拓展了马翔等[47]的理论观点,有助于丰富技术转移相关理论,为后续研究提供了一个可参考的理论研究框架。
其次,在影响机制方面,本文解释了科技成果转化服务能力对技术转移绩效的作用机制,拓展了科技成果转化服务能力在技术转移过程中的作用渠道。既有研究虽然关注到科技成果质量在技术转移中的重要性,但未区分其在不同科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移绩效间的作用[47]。本文通过引入科技成果质量这一中介变量,解释了科技成果质量在基础增值服务能力、商业运营服务能力与技术转移绩效间的传导作用,并发现商业运营服务能力更有助于提升技术转移绩效,弥补当前研究的不足,强调了科技成果质量在技术转移中的重要性。
最后,在情境因素方面,本文将组织支持这一组织因素纳入科技成果转化服务能力与技术转移的分析框架,厘清了科技成果转化服务能力影响技术转移绩效的条件。当前在微观层面分析科研机构的技术转移存在较大的研究空白,因此有必要了解组织和机构属性如何塑造科研人员个人层面的行动和互动[39]。本文发现,高水平的组织支持有助于知识产权人员实现角色增益,提升服务成效。研究结论在一定程度上呼应了王永梅[24]需要关注组织内部支持因素,如政策制度、管理因素等方面影响的观点,在微观层面更深入地开展技术转移方面的实证研究。
相应的研究启示包括以下方面:首先,科研机构应加强知识产权人员科技成果转化服务能力的建设,尤其是商业运营服务能力,通过培训、资源配置和技术支持,提高科技成果的可行性和商业应用价值。另外,中国科学院是一个体系相对庞大的国立科研机构,以中国科学院为代表的科研机构作为国家战略科技力量,聚焦使命导向的基础研究,在创新成果的应用性、技术成熟度、市场需求方面更具优势。与一般的科研机构不同,中国科学院具有建制化、体系化优势,在技术转移方面开展了知识产权专员的制度探索,对其作用效果和机制的研究有助于为其他研究机构提供参考。
其次,科研机构应重视科技成果质量提升。确保知识产权人员在科研人员研究过程对成果质量的把控和提升,一方面通过基础增值服务参与知识产权的创造、保护和管理;另一方面通过商业运营服务增加知识产权的可行性和商业价值。科研机构应该以科技成果质量提升为出发点,强化知识产权全过程管理。
最后,优化组织支持机制。政府部门和科研机构应提供更多的组织支持,既要强化培训、政策、平台等工具支持,又要设置资金、奖励等物质支持,以激发知识产权人员工作积极性,提高其综合素养,创造良好的有利于科技成果转化的组织环境。
本文仍存在一定的局限,需要进一步完善。首先,调查样本数量有限,结果可能存在一定偏差,未来可以开展多时点的纵向研究设计,进一步验证研究结果的可靠性。其次,本文的调研对象仅来自中国科学院,研究结论是否具有普遍性和适用性仍有待研究,未来应扩大样本范围,检验不同研究机构的科技成果转化服务成效。此外,探索科技成果转化服务能力促进科研机构技术转移绩效的更多情境因素,如制度环境、知识产权专员工作意愿等,以扩充研究结论的适用范围。
  • 中国科学院计划“2024中国科学院知识产权研究与培训”(E4X0231601)
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2026年第44卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-09
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03
  • 修回日期:2025-04-11
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中国科学院计划“2024中国科学院知识产权研究与培训”(E4X0231601)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190
    2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190

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张亚峰(1988-),男,副教授, E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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