Article(id=1315372198580302607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=1744560000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791538770574, onlineDateStr=2026-10-09, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791538770574, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791538770574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791538770574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315372022658613552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791538728624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791538856865, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315372560565523080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315372560569717385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=471, endPage=481, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315372200606151440, articleId=1315372198580302607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on the path of efficient development of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry——Configuration analysis based on TOE framework, columnId=1309226307205034609, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Hot Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The artificial intelligence industry is a typical representative of future industries and a strategic emerging industry that leads economic innovation and enhances national competitiveness. As a disruptive technology, generative artificial intelligence has become an important direction for the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Taking 23 provinces and cities in China as the research objects, this paper adopts the TOE theoretical framework and introduces the fsQCA method to explore the high-efficiency development path of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry from a configuration perspective. The research found that: (1) The generative artificial intelligence industry has four typical characteristics: innovation leadership, ecological synergy, radiation empowerment and market explosiveness. (2) There are five paths for the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry: organization-environment dual-wheel drive, technology-environment dominant, technology-environment synergy, factor aggregation comprehensive drive, and environment support. (3) Through configuration comparison, it is found that the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry requires the coordination of multi-dimensional factors, and the advantage of a single factor is difficult to support its sustainable development. The research conclusions provide policy basis and theoretical guidance for the government to formulate industrial development policies and enterprises to make the next strategic planning.

, authors=Lu-yuan TANG1, Yuan XU2, authorsList=Lu-yuan TANG, Yuan XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuan XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315372204867564312, articleId=1315372198580302607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径研究——基于TOE框架的组态分析, columnId=1309226307364418163, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=热点议题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

人工智能产业是未来产业的典型代表,是引领经济创新、增强国家竞争力的战略性新兴产业。生成式人工智能作为一项颠覆性技术,已成为人工智能产业发展的重要方向。以中国23个省市作为研究对象,采用TOE理论框架并引入fsQCA方法,从组态视角探究中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径。研究发现:(1)生成式人工智能产业具有创新引领性、生态协同性、辐射赋能性和市场爆发性4个典型特征。(2)中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展存在组织—环境双轮驱动型、技术—环境主导型、技术—环境协同型、要素集聚综合驱动型以及环境支撑型5种路径。(3)通过组态比较发现中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展需要多维度要素的协同配合,单一要素优势难以支撑其可持续发展。研究结论为政府制定产业发展政策和企业制定未来战略规划提供了政策依据和理论指导。

, authors=唐露源1, 徐源2, authorsList=唐露源, 徐源, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐源, authorNote=

唐露源(1996-),女,博士研究生,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐源(1988-),女,教授、博士生导师。
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唐露源(1996-),女,博士研究生,E-mail:。

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唐露源(1996-),女,博士研究生,E-mail:。

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Cambridge University Press, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315372211465204552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, awardId=23ZDA115, language=CN, fundingSource=研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA115), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315372205559624473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372205568013082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, companyId=1315372205559624473, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372205584790299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, companyId=1315372205559624473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京理工大学经济学院, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315372205656093468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372205668676381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, companyId=1315372205656093468, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372205677064990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, companyId=1315372205656093468, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京理工大学教育学院, 北京 102488)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315372209544213300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Generative AI industry ecosystem structure, figureFileSmall=w4gW9w55Ht00CbrXxN74jw==, figureFileBig=K2INdfQTr8L+vPxjgTN/AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372209607127861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=图1, caption=生成式人工智能产业生态结构, figureFileSmall=w4gW9w55Ht00CbrXxN74jw==, figureFileBig=K2INdfQTr8L+vPxjgTN/AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372209904923446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Ecological development of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry, figureFileSmall=iXMi20KWYqykyfo0nHmBsQ==, figureFileBig=bbw6EUt8Qq/6ZKSj/GaDqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372209972032311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国生成式人工智能产业生态化发展脉络, figureFileSmall=iXMi20KWYqykyfo0nHmBsQ==, figureFileBig=bbw6EUt8Qq/6ZKSj/GaDqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372210034946872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis framework, figureFileSmall=IEyBuMxVhOvDshRH7xL9RQ==, figureFileBig=+gnlvQHGA1vPbZ0OIKBDfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372210093667129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=图3, caption=分析框架, figureFileSmall=IEyBuMxVhOvDshRH7xL9RQ==, figureFileBig=+gnlvQHGA1vPbZ0OIKBDfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372210156581690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation index system of input-output efficiency of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标类型 指标内容
投入指标 生成式人工智能企业注册资本总计(亿元)
5G基站数量总计(个)
数据要素交易平台总计(个)
产出指标 生成式人工智能专利授权量(个)
人工智能产品(个)
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210219496251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国生成式人工智能产业投入产出效率评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标类型 指标内容
投入指标 生成式人工智能企业注册资本总计(亿元)
5G基站数量总计(个)
数据要素交易平台总计(个)
产出指标 生成式人工智能专利授权量(个)
人工智能产品(个)
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210286605116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of input-output indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Pearson相关系数 数据要素交易平台设立数量总计 5G基站建立数量总计 生成式人工智能企业注册资本总计
生成式人工智能专利授权量 0.725*** 0.862*** 0.955***
生成式人工智能备案产品数量 0.414** 0.455** 0.511***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210349519677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

投入产出指标相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Pearson相关系数 数据要素交易平台设立数量总计 5G基站建立数量总计 生成式人工智能企业注册资本总计
生成式人工智能专利授权量 0.725*** 0.862*** 0.955***
生成式人工智能备案产品数量 0.414** 0.455** 0.511***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210420822846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Efficiency values of Generative Artificial Intelligence industries in 23 provinces and cities in China in 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省市 效率 省市 效率 省市 效率
北京 1.000 安徽 0.953 海南 1.000
天津 0.961 福建 0.585 重庆 0.585
河北 1.000 江西 1.000 四川 1.000
辽宁 0.661 山东 0.739 贵州 0.385
黑龙江 0.778 河南 0.512 云南 0.712
上海 1.000 湖北 0.692 陕西 0.573
江苏 1.000 湖南 0.584 宁夏 0.954
浙江 1.000 广东 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210517291839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2023年中国23个省市生成式人工智能产业效率值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省市 效率 省市 效率 省市 效率
北京 1.000 安徽 0.953 海南 1.000
天津 0.961 福建 0.585 重庆 0.585
河北 1.000 江西 1.000 四川 1.000
辽宁 0.661 山东 0.739 贵州 0.385
黑龙江 0.778 河南 0.512 云南 0.712
上海 1.000 湖北 0.692 陕西 0.573
江苏 1.000 湖南 0.584 宁夏 0.954
浙江 1.000 广东 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210592789312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Collection, calibration and descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量和前因条件 校准点 描述性统计
完全不隶属点 交叉点 完全隶属点 平均值 标准差 最大值 最小值
生成式人工智能
产业高效率发展
0.52 0.95 1 0.812 0.204 1 0.385
技术创新 数字经济发展 61.70 66.73 81.77 68.22 7.01 82.99 60.54
学科设立 2.6 22.22 31.7 19.52 9.55 36.00 1.00
组织支持 政策关注度 1 2 3.9 2.09 0.79 4.00 1.00
生成式人工智能
企业规模
11.27 43492.44 109376.2 5.22e+04 42878.26 195759 5376
环境协同 经济发展水平 10.91 11.27 12.13 11.39 0.379 12.21 10.85
居民关注度 72.56 160.85 316.37 182.06 88.078 418.06 60.49
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210659898177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

集合、校准和描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结果变量和前因条件 校准点 描述性统计
完全不隶属点 交叉点 完全隶属点 平均值 标准差 最大值 最小值
生成式人工智能
产业高效率发展
0.52 0.95 1 0.812 0.204 1 0.385
技术创新 数字经济发展 61.70 66.73 81.77 68.22 7.01 82.99 60.54
学科设立 2.6 22.22 31.7 19.52 9.55 36.00 1.00
组织支持 政策关注度 1 2 3.9 2.09 0.79 4.00 1.00
生成式人工智能
企业规模
11.27 43492.44 109376.2 5.22e+04 42878.26 195759 5376
环境协同 经济发展水平 10.91 11.27 12.13 11.39 0.379 12.21 10.85
居民关注度 72.56 160.85 316.37 182.06 88.078 418.06 60.49
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210739589954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Necessity test results of antecedent conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业高效率发展 生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展
一致性 覆盖度 一致性 覆盖度
技术创新 数字经济发展 0.6223 0.7215 0.4049 0.4702
学科设立 0.5901 0.5974 0.5640 0.5562
~技术创新 ~数字经济发展 0.5431 0.4767 0.7602 0.6684
~学科设立 0.5508 0.5586 0.6030 0.5957
组织支持 政策关注度 0.6649 0.6773 0.5361 0.5470
生成式人工智能企业规模 0.6466 0.6938 0.4466 0.4799
~组织支持 ~政策关注度 0.5553 0.5444 0.6838 0.6715
~生成式人工智能企业规模 0.5152 0.4817 0.7150 0.6697
环境协同 经济发展水平 0.6893 0.6839 0.5256 0.5225
居民关注度 0.6893 0.6929 0.4874 0.4840
~环境协同 ~经济发展水平 0.5187 0.5219 0.6820 0.6874
~居民关注度 0.4813 0.4847 0.6950 0.6914
), ArticleFig(id=1315372210802504515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

前因条件的必要性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业高效率发展 生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展
一致性 覆盖度 一致性 覆盖度
技术创新 数字经济发展 0.6223 0.7215 0.4049 0.4702
学科设立 0.5901 0.5974 0.5640 0.5562
~技术创新 ~数字经济发展 0.5431 0.4767 0.7602 0.6684
~学科设立 0.5508 0.5586 0.6030 0.5957
组织支持 政策关注度 0.6649 0.6773 0.5361 0.5470
生成式人工智能企业规模 0.6466 0.6938 0.4466 0.4799
~组织支持 ~政策关注度 0.5553 0.5444 0.6838 0.6715
~生成式人工智能企业规模 0.5152 0.4817 0.7150 0.6697
环境协同 经济发展水平 0.6893 0.6839 0.5256 0.5225
居民关注度 0.6893 0.6929 0.4874 0.4840
~环境协同 ~经济发展水平 0.5187 0.5219 0.6820 0.6874
~居民关注度 0.4813 0.4847 0.6950 0.6914
), ArticleFig(id=1315372211012219716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of the configuration results of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry's high-efficiency development

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业高效率发展
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
数字经济发展 — ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ $\bullet$
学科设立 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
政策关注度 ${\huge \bullet}$ — ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $
生成式人工智能企业规模 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ — ${\huge \bullet}$ —
经济发展水平 ${\Large \otimes} $ — ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$
居民关注度 ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$
原始覆盖度 0.49 0.54 0.57 0.51 0.59
唯一覆盖度 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02
一致性 0.75 0.78 0.76 0.79 0.78
解的一致性 0.87
解的覆盖度 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1315372211087717189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展的组态结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业高效率发展
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
数字经济发展 — ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ $\bullet$
学科设立 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
政策关注度 ${\huge \bullet}$ — ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $
生成式人工智能企业规模 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\huge \bullet}$ — ${\huge \bullet}$ —
经济发展水平 ${\Large \otimes} $ — ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$
居民关注度 ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$ ${\huge \bullet}$
原始覆盖度 0.49 0.54 0.57 0.51 0.59
唯一覆盖度 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02
一致性 0.75 0.78 0.76 0.79 0.78
解的一致性 0.87
解的覆盖度 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1315372211163214662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Analysis of the configuration results of the non-efficient development of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展
NH1 NH2 NH3 NH4 NH5
数字经济发展 $\otimes$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
学科设立 ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\otimes$
政策关注度 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
生成式人工智能企业规模 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $
经济发展水平 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$
居民关注度 ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
原始覆盖度 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.22
唯一覆盖度 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05
一致性 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.81 0.80
解的一致性 0.84
解的覆盖度 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1315372211238712135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372198580302607, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

中国生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展的组态结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
前因条件 生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展
NH1 NH2 NH3 NH4 NH5
数字经济发展 $\otimes$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
学科设立 ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\otimes$
政策关注度 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
生成式人工智能企业规模 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $
经济发展水平 ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$
居民关注度 ${\Large \otimes} $ $\bullet$ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $ ${\Large \otimes} $
原始覆盖度 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.22
唯一覆盖度 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05
一致性 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.81 0.80
解的一致性 0.84
解的覆盖度 0.45
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中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径研究——基于TOE框架的组态分析
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唐露源 1 , 徐源 2
科学学研究 | 热点议题 2026,44(3): 471-481
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科学学研究 |热点议题 2026 , 44 (3) : 471 -481
中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径研究——基于TOE框架的组态分析
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唐露源1 , 徐源2
作者信息
  • 1 北京理工大学经济学院, 北京 102488
  • 2 北京理工大学教育学院, 北京 102488
通讯作者:
徐源(1988-),女,教授、博士生导师。
作者简介:

唐露源(1996-),女,博士研究生,E-mail:。

Research on the path of efficient development of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry——Configuration analysis based on TOE framework
Lu-yuan TANG1 , Yuan XU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2 College of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15
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人工智能产业是未来产业的典型代表,是引领经济创新、增强国家竞争力的战略性新兴产业。生成式人工智能作为一项颠覆性技术,已成为人工智能产业发展的重要方向。以中国23个省市作为研究对象,采用TOE理论框架并引入fsQCA方法,从组态视角探究中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径。研究发现:(1)生成式人工智能产业具有创新引领性、生态协同性、辐射赋能性和市场爆发性4个典型特征。(2)中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展存在组织—环境双轮驱动型、技术—环境主导型、技术—环境协同型、要素集聚综合驱动型以及环境支撑型5种路径。(3)通过组态比较发现中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展需要多维度要素的协同配合,单一要素优势难以支撑其可持续发展。研究结论为政府制定产业发展政策和企业制定未来战略规划提供了政策依据和理论指导。

未来产业  /  生成式人工智能产业  /  高效率发展路径  /  TOE框架  /  组态分析

The artificial intelligence industry is a typical representative of future industries and a strategic emerging industry that leads economic innovation and enhances national competitiveness. As a disruptive technology, generative artificial intelligence has become an important direction for the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Taking 23 provinces and cities in China as the research objects, this paper adopts the TOE theoretical framework and introduces the fsQCA method to explore the high-efficiency development path of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry from a configuration perspective. The research found that: (1) The generative artificial intelligence industry has four typical characteristics: innovation leadership, ecological synergy, radiation empowerment and market explosiveness. (2) There are five paths for the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry: organization-environment dual-wheel drive, technology-environment dominant, technology-environment synergy, factor aggregation comprehensive drive, and environment support. (3) Through configuration comparison, it is found that the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry requires the coordination of multi-dimensional factors, and the advantage of a single factor is difficult to support its sustainable development. The research conclusions provide policy basis and theoretical guidance for the government to formulate industrial development policies and enterprises to make the next strategic planning.

future industry  /  Generative AI industry  /  high-efficiency development path  /  TOE framework  /  configuration analysis
唐露源, 徐源. 中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径研究——基于TOE框架的组态分析. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (3) : 471 -481 .
Lu-yuan TANG, Yuan XU. Research on the path of efficient development of China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence industry——Configuration analysis based on TOE framework[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (3) : 471 -481 .
未来产业是处于孕育期但具有重大战略潜力的新兴产业,在引领经济创新发展、增强国家竞争力和推动社会进步等方面具有重要作用[1]。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》明确提出:“建立未来产业投入增长机制”[2]。人工智能产业与先进制造业、量子信息科学等产业被视为支撑未来经济社会发展的未来产业[3],受到政产学研各界的高度重视和广泛关注。生成式人工智能(Generative AI)凭借算法突破、算力提升和和应用场景创新,正加速实现技术商业化并引领AI产业的发展方向。在政策支持、技术进步和市场需求协同驱动下,我国已初步建立生成式AI产业生态,需要进一步探索产业高效率发展路径。
现有研究已从多维度探讨未来产业发展规律:王小林和谢妮芸基于中美比较提出未来产业具有前沿技术集成应用、跨学科交叉融合及多元主体协同创新等特征[4]。沈华等指出未来产业呈现绿色、智能、健康等发展趋势[5]。张越等通过案例研究从“技术供给—产业转化—场景应用”构建未来产业培育模式[6]。从理论视角来看,TOE(technology-organization-environment)框架已广泛应用于传统产业的发展研究中[7,8]。尽管已有研究为认识未来产业发展规律与培育路径提供了有益借鉴,但尚存在三重局限:一是研究侧重于宏观层面的机制探讨,与中观产业实践研究脱节;二是生成式AI领域研究多聚焦技术伦理等微观议题,缺乏产业生态系统构建、价值链重塑等中观视角;三是TOE框架在动态性极强的生成式AI产业研究中尚未充分发挥其分析优势。
鉴于此,本文创新性引入TOE框架解析影响中国生成式AI产业高效率发展的关键因素,并通过组态分析探讨其产业高效率发展路径。研究旨在系统界定产业特征边界,建立“技术-组织-环境”三维分析范式,解构多要素协同驱动机制,为产业政策工具箱提供理论支撑,推动中国生成式AI产业的进一步发展。
未来产业理论源于20世纪80年代,随科技变革逐步系统化[9]。未来产业与新质生产力的概念紧密关联。2023年9月,习近平总书记在黑龙江考察时强调“要整合科技创新资源,引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业,加快形成新质生产力”[10],将未来产业提升至国家战略层面。然而关于未来产业的概念内涵,学术界尚未形成统一定义。国外学者Alec Ross采用列举法将未来产业界定为包含机器人、先进生命科学等领域的关键行业[11]。国内学者则从产业特征维度展开定义:陈晓怡等强调其“颠覆性技术突破”[12]特征;潘教峰等突出“满足未来需求、技术创新驱动”属性[13];李晓华等强调其“探索期、孵化期”的发展阶段特征[14]。
生成式AI是指基于已有数据和模型训练,自主生成新的、原创性内容的AI系统。生成式AI产业作为一种新兴产业形态,具备未来产业的技术前沿性、颠覆性影响、发展潜力等特点。基于生成式AI内涵和未来产业理论,本文将生成式AI产业定义为:以生成式AI技术为核心,专注于内容生成和复杂智能场景应用,包含基础研发、应用开发、产业链配套等完整产业生态的新兴产业形态(如图1所示)。该产业呈现4个典型特征:(1)创新引领性,锚定全球科技前沿,聚焦基础算法突破与高端应用创新;(2)生态协同性,涵盖算力基建、技术研发与场景落地的复合生态系统,需多方主体共建;(3)辐射赋能性,通过技术外溢驱动传统产业数字化转型与价值链重构;(4)市场爆发性,处于商业化拐点,资本集聚加速形成千亿级增量市场。
基于现有文献梳理出中国生成式AI产业生态呈现三阶段演进范式(图2):“1.0理论化研究阶段(2016-2020年),以PaddlePaddle、讯飞语音合成系统、阿里PAI等开源框架为标志,完成基础技术理论体系构建;2.0商业化初步探索阶段(2021-2022年),通过商汤、百度大模型及智谱GLM实现技术工程化突破,开启产业级应用探索;3.0产业初步成型阶段(2023年-),《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》的出台提供政策指引,“百模大战”引发技术竞争与产业变革,生成式AI应用重心从通用场景向医疗、制造等垂直领域深度渗透。截至2024年7月已形成190+备案大模型、4500家相关企业、6000亿核心产值的产业矩阵[15]。2024年底至2025年初,中国AI技术路线转向开源与自主创新并行发展,技术差距快速缩小,产业竞争力显著提升。典型代表有快手可灵模型,DeepSeek-V3和DeepSeek-R1等。
TOE框架强调技术(technology)、组织(organization)和环境(environment)三个维度的相互作用和相互依存,能够系统性地解析复杂情境中的多维因素及其动态关系[16]。将TOE框架与模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法相结合,在研究生成式AI产业这样的未来产业时,一方面能够探究各要素之间存在的非线性的复杂因果关系,另一方面还可以识别出导向相同结果的多种不同路径组合。本文从技术、组织、环境3个维度选取了6个关键条件变量,构建了一个整合性的分析框架(见图3),以系统把握生成式AI产业发展的关键路径。
技术创新是推动产业演进的关键,其影响体现在两个维度:一是通过技术扩散效应重塑传统产业的生产方式和市场结构;二是通过颠覆性创新催生以生成式AI为代表的未来产业形态。在此驱动下,数据作为新型生产要素价值凸显,应用场景拓展加速技术与市场融合,新型基础设施则为产业规模化提供支撑。生成式AI作为典型的知识密集型产业,其技术创新呈现出跨学科、高复杂性的特征,这对人才供给提出了新的要求[17]。“人工智能+”交叉学科的建设不仅能够培养适应产业需求的复合型人才,还能通过产学研协同创新体系的构建,为产业的持续创新提供智力支持和理论指导。因此,本文将从数字经济发展和“人工智能+”学科设立两个方面探讨技术创新对生成式AI产业高效率发展的影响。
组织支持作为一种正式与保险制度的体现,构成了产业发展的基础[18]。政府层面,产业政策制定、专项资金投入与算力基础设施布局形成三位一体的制度支持体系,通过降低技术研发风险与市场不确定性,引导产业演进方向。企业层面,创新主体通过技术迭代、商业模式革新与组织变革,驱动产业链能级跃升,其空间集聚衍生的知识溢出效应进一步强化区域创新网络。以往研究表明,政策关注度直接影响制度供给有效性[19],而企业规模决定技术扩散速率与生态位竞争力[20]。因此,本文将从政策关注度和生成式AI企业规模两个方面探讨组织支持对生成式AI产业高效率发展的影响。
基于产业生态系统理论,环境支撑通过供给-需求协同效应塑造产业发展动能[21]。从供给端来看,区域经济水平决定要素禀赋结构与创新要素集聚度,高能级经济体的创新基础设施、人力资本密度及市场需求牵引力构成技术迭代的基底条件。从需求端来看,居民对生成式AI的关注度反映了市场接纳度与需求弹性,其关注指数的增长既拓展商业化空间,又通过用户生成内容(UGC)反向优化算法性能,形成“需求发现-技术改进-市场扩张”的正反馈循环。因此,本文将区域经济发展水平和居民关注度作为环境协同维度的核心指标,探讨其对生成式AI产业高效率发展的影响机制。
本研究运用数据包络分析(DEA)中更为灵活的BCC模型有效消除规模经济对效率评估的干扰,对产业效率进行测度[22]。结合模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)探索条件变量与结果变量间的非线性关联,构建解析生成式AI产业高效率发展系统中的多元因果机制。
本文选取北京、天津、河北等①(①北京、天津、河北、辽宁、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、宁夏23个省市。)23个省市作为研究样本,主要是考虑到这些省市已进行生成式AI服务产品正式备案,在生成式AI产业发展中具有相对领先和规范的市场准入水平。另外,参考fsQCA方法学研究的样本量要求,10-60个案例被视为小样本研究的理想区间,本文选取的23个省市样本数量符合这一方法学标准。
根据前文提出的TOE分析框架,从技术创新、组织支持和环境协同3个维度中,选择了数字经济发展、学科设立、政策关注度、生成式AI企业规模、经济发展水平和居民关注度6个前因条件,以生成式AI产业的高效率发展作为结果变量进行分析。
(1)条件变量
①数字经济发展。《中国各省际单位数字经济发展指数(2023年)》[23]对全国各省、直辖市和自治区的2023年数字经济发展进行了综合评估,本文采取该指标进行测算。
②学科设立。依据《教育部关于公布2023年度普通高等学校本科专业备案和审批结果的通知》[24],统计各省份在2023年度新增设立的“人工智能+”本科专业数量,并对各省份设立专业的总数进行加总。
③政策关注度。借鉴杨佳雯等[25]的研究方法,采用政策文本量化分析方法,通过“北大法宝”数据库检索各地区发布的生成式人工智能相关政策文件。具体而言,以“生成式人工智能”或“大模型”与各省区市名称作为联合关键词,统计日期截至2023年12月31日。
④生成式人工智能企业规模。选取各地区生成式人工智能企业的数量来衡量该地区企业规模水平。基于企查查数据库,运用Python爬虫技术,以企业“经营范围”和“公司名称”为检索字段,采用“生成式人工智能”“大语言模型/LLM”“生成式AI”作为主关键词,并结合“算法/深度学习”“智能生成/内容生成”“多模态/自然语言处理”等辅助关键词进行组合匹配。筛选条件设置为企业状态“存续或在业”,统计时间范围为2023年全年。
⑤经济发展水平。选取2023年各省区市地区人均生产总值(GDP)作为衡量区域经济发展水平的指标,数据来源于各地区国民经济发展统计公报。
⑥居民关注度。采用百度指数平台的搜索指数来衡量各地区居民对生成式人工智能的关注程度。具体而言,选取“生成式AI”“ChatGPT”“大模型”作为检索关键词,统计2023年各省区市的日均搜索指数。
(2)结果变量
生成式AI产业的高效率发展,本质上是依托技术创新与资源整合能力,在既定资本、基础设施与数据要素投入约束下,实现技术成果转化与商业价值创造的最优均衡。本文构建了包含多维度投入产出的效率评价体系(如表1所示)。投入端聚焦三大核心要素:资本集聚水平,以生成式AI企业注册资本总额表征;算力网络基建,通过5G基站数量衡量算力硬件基础设施支撑能力;数据要素配置,以数据交易平台数量反映数据要素成熟度。产出端则涵盖创新链与价值链的双重维度:以专利授权量量化技术原创性突破,通过AI产品数量评估技术商业化能力,完成“实验室-市场”的价值闭环。相关数据来源于《国家互联网信息办公室关于发布生成式人工智能服务已备案信息的公告》《2023年通信业统计公报》《2023年中国数据交易行业全景图谱》、企查查平台以及Incopat数据库等。该指标体系通过DEA模型量化评估资源配置效率。
为确保指标选择的科学性和合理性,本文采用Pearson相关系数检验对指标间的关联性分析,确保选取的投入产出指标之间应呈现显著的正相关关系。结果如表2所示,表明选取的各项指标均合理。
运用DEAP 2.1软件对2023年我国生成式AI产业效率进行测算,结果如表3所示。2023年我国生成式AI产业效率呈现显著的区域异质性。全国平均效率水平为0.812,反映出产业整体上尚未达到最优资源配置。在23个省市样本中,北京、上海、江苏等9个核心区域实现了效率前沿面的突破,效率测算值达到1.0,体现了这些地区在生成式AI产业发展更加高效率。
本文采用直接校准法,以95%、50%、5%分位数分别作为完全隶属、交叉点和完全不隶属的阈值,结果如表4所示。为了消除案例隶属度在临界点(0.50)处可能引发的模糊归类问题,本文将0.50隶属度值微调至0.501,以确保后续组态分析的精确性和一致性。结果变量及前因条件的校准锚点、描述性统计结果见表4。
运用fsQCA 3.0软件对6个前因条件进行系统性必要性检验,结果见表5。选取的前因变量一致性检验结果均小于0.9,这意味着6个条件变量并非是生成式AI产业高效率发展的单一必要条件。进一步开展条件变量的构型分析,探索生成式AI产业高效率发展的多重并发因果关系。
(1)中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展的组态
参考Schneider等[26]的做法,本文将案例阈值设定为1,一致性阈值设定为0.8,PRI一致性阈值设定为0.75。运用fsQCA软件计算后,可以得出复杂解、中间解和简约解。以此,可以概括出我国生成式AI产业高效率发展的5条组态路径。从表6数据显示,单个组态以及总体的一致性水平均高于或等于0.75,表明所得的5条组态结果具有较强的解释性。总体一致性水平达到0.87,意味着这5种组态能够解释87%的案例发展现实情况。其中,居民关注度、数字经济发展和政策关注度3个条件变量作为核心条件在各组态中出现的频率较高,可被认为是影响产业高效率发展的重要因素,具体分析如下。
①组态H1为组织—环境双轮驱动型路径,通过政策供给与社会需求的协同共振,在学科基础薄弱、企业规模有限及经济水平相对滞后的约束下,通过政策靶向赋能(如开放政府数据接口、提供技术补贴等)降低技术应用壁垒,叠加居民高关注度催生的需求虹吸效应(如吸引外部资本与技术流入),突破要素禀赋限制实现产业高效率发展。典型代表案例为河北省,其发展经验为类似地区提供了重要借鉴:其一,政策聚焦且区域协调,聚焦优化算力布局,打造以张家口数据中心集群为核心的环京智能算力集聚区,为京津冀AI产业协同供算力支撑。其二,高关注度催生本土化应用创新,因对数字技术高度关注,在钢铁等传统行业智能化转型中涌现特色创新应用。
②组态H2为技术—环境主导型路径,诠释了市场生态主导的生成式AI发展范式。在数字经济基底与企业集群生态的协同演进下,即便缺乏系统性学科布局,仍可通过“企业创新—需求迭代—生态强化”的内生循环实现产业发展突破。典型例证上海呈现双重战略性优势:其一,数字经济基底领先。2023年,上海数字经济竞争力指数位居全国第二,5G 基础设施建设成绩斐然,基站密度与占比均居全国之首。其二,企业集群效应突出。上海已打造世界级AI产业集群,形成覆盖算力、数据、模型、基础设施等完整产业链布局。该路径中,政府角色从“主导者”转变为“连接者”,通过搭建开放数据平台、举办开发者大会等间接手段,非直接政策干预,有效推动市场自我进化,为全球数字枢纽城市建设提供了新范式。
③组态H3为技术—环境协同型路径,揭示了后发地区突破数字基建与政策资源双重约束的内源式创新逻辑。当区域消费能级与民众技术认知形成共振时,即便缺乏顶层规划与先发优势,仍可通过需求引致型技术适配与在地化知识重组实现产业突围。四川省是西部生成式AI发展的独特范例:一方面,居民高消费意愿与技术敏锐度推动生成式AI技术下沉至生活场景,形成应用层先发优势;另一方面,居民技术认知的“超前性”与基建的“滞后性”并存,激发技术的在地化适配,动态弥补资源短板。但这也存在过度侧重商业应用、而轻视基础算法研发的路径锁定风险。应当在需求驱动与技术深度发展之间构建动态平衡,在消费市场成熟之后,适时加大对基础创新的投入力度。
④组态H4为要素集聚综合驱动型路径,通过”数字经济基础+政策工具精度+企业集群密度+居民需求强度”四维共轭效应,构建政府-市场双轮驱动范式。该机制核心在于:政策端通过“靶向性制度嵌入”(如算力基建专项债)降低创新成本,需求端借助市场引力加速技术扩散,形成“制度-市场”动态反馈闭环,成功突破学科资源与区域经济的双重约束。安徽省是长三角生成式AI发展中的“逆袭样本”,呈现出以下显著特征:一是政策与数字基础设施的超前谋划布局,全面推进5G网络、千兆光网、天地一体化信息网络的建设,为产业发展筑牢根基;二是企业集群呈现链式衍生态势,依托科大讯飞这一龙头企业,形成了“一超多强”的产业生态圈,充分发挥了龙头企业的辐射带动效应。该路径该路径验证了制度设计与市场响应深度耦合对传统资源依赖范式的颠覆性价值。
⑤组态H5为环境支撑型路径,揭示了数字经济高成熟度区域的分布式创新跃迁机制。当居民技术认知与需求突破临界阈值时,市场主体通过敏捷响应网络实现创新要素自组织配置。典型案例浙江省以其电商繁荣培育了高密度数字化居民群体,迅速将技术认知转化为产业实践,在众多细分领域实现创新突破。例如杭州近期备受瞩目的“六小龙”(深度求索、宇树科技、云深处科技、强脑科技、群核科技及游戏科学)是聚焦人工智能、机器人、脑机接口、云设计等硬核科技领域的创新企业集群。其集体爆发体现了杭州从“电商之都”向“科技新贵”的转型。该路径表明,数字经济深度渗透阶段,政策需从产业规划转向创新连接密度构建,并通过包容性监管降低试错成本,激活市场主体的协同创新势能。
(2)中国生成式人工智能产业非高效率发展的组态
本文尝试对结果变量的“非集”(生成式AI产业非高效率发展)展开分析,实现对“因果不对称性”的探究,结果产生五个组态(如表7所示):组态NH1表明,当所有关键条件均缺乏时,产业非高效率发展的可能性较高。组态NH2中即使学科设置和居民关注度有一定基础,但数字经济发展水平、政策支持、企业规模和经济发展水平的缺乏仍可能导致产业非高效率发展。组态NH3、组态NH4和组态NH5表明即使单一要素有一定基础,但其他核心条件的缺乏仍可能导致产业非高效率发展。
参考既往研究文献,本文通过改变案例频数和变动一致性门槛值对中国生成式AI产业高效率发展的组态进行稳健性检验:将PRI一致性阈值由0.80调为0.85,产生的组态结果与表6结果基本一致;将案例频数由1调至 2,结果显示整体组态分布、核心条件和边缘条件组合与表6相比没有发生任何变化。综上,本文研究结果具有稳健性。
本文基于未来产业理论,运用fsQCA理论框架对中国23个样本省市进行组态分析,探究了中国生成式AI产业高效率发展的路径。主要研究结论如下:
(1)从产业属性来看,生成式AI产业是一个典型的未来产业。该产业以生成式AI技术为核心,涵盖基础研发、应用开发和产业链配套等完整产业生态,具有创新引领性、生态协同性、辐射赋能性和市场爆发性四个典型特征。
(2)组态分析结果呈现出五种中国生成式AI产业高效率发展组态:①组织—环境双轮驱动型路径(以河北省为代表);②技术—环境主导型路径(以上海市为代表);③技术—环境协同型路径(以四川省为代表);④要素集聚综合驱动型路径(以安徽省为代表);⑤环境支撑型路径(以浙江省为代表)。
(3)通过对“非集”分析发现,单一要素的优势不足以支撑中国生成式AI产业高效率发展,即无论是经济基础、企业规模、政策支持还是人才基础,均需多维度要素协同才能确保其发展效率。
基于研究结论,本文得出如下促进中国生成式AI产业高效率发展的实践启示:
第一,构建差异化发展体系是实现产业高效率发展的关键所在。应根据区域特点采取差异化策略,具体而言:(1)对要素禀赋薄弱地区,重点强化政策供给与需求侧协同,通过降低技术采纳门槛和培育市场需求双轮驱动发展;(2)对数字经济基础雄厚地区,鼓励发挥市场主导作用,重点搭建开放创新平台,促进技术-需求协同演进;(3)对后发地区,建议依托需求引致推动技术适配与在地化创新,同时加强与先进地区的协同创新。
第二,打造多要素协同的产业生态体系是突破单一要素制约的系统性解决方案。要通过多维度协同提升生成式AI产业发展效率,具体而言:(1)完善数字基础设施建设,重点提升算力中心、5G网络等新型基建水平;(2)构建产学研协同创新体系,加强核心技术攻关和高层次人才培养;(3)优化产业政策工具组合,在研发补贴、数据开放、市场准入等方面形成政策合力;(4)培育和拓展应用场景,通过示范项目带动技术扩散和产业渗透。
第三,建立动态适应的产业治理机制是保障产业持续创新发展的制度基础。要通过政府角色转换来优化产业治理体系,具体而言:(1)产业培育期重点发挥政府引导作用,通过政策引导与资源配置激发创新活力;(2)产业成长期政府转向“连接者”角色,重点构建开放创新平台,促进要素流动;(3)产业成熟期建立包容审慎的监管框架,在保障安全的基础上预留创新空间,降低创新试错成本;(4)建立跨区域协同机制,防止区域发展失衡,推动产业链供应链协同升级。
  • 研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA115)
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  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-09
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
  • 修回日期:2025-04-14
基金
研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA115)
作者信息
    1 北京理工大学经济学院, 北京 102488
    2 北京理工大学教育学院, 北京 102488

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徐源(1988-),女,教授、博士生导师。
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