Article(id=1315372182478373870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1731427200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-13, revisedDate=1735833600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791538766735, onlineDateStr=2026-10-09, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791538766735, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791538766735, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791538766735, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315372180473496558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='448', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791538766258, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791538833264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315372461596725883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315372461596725884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372180473496558, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=397, endPage=409, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315372182696477679, articleId=1315372182478373870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Beyond performance feedback: Dual-field imitation pressure and R&D investment, columnId=1309226375089840648, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Frontiers and Opinions, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new technological revolution is reshaping the global innovation landscape, making it increasingly important for firms to increase their research and development (R&D) investments. These investments are pivotal for accelerating technological upgrades and maintaining competitiveness in a globalized economy. It is widely accepted that firms increase R&D investment because of their ample resources and positive performance feedback. However, despite a significant rise in R&D investment by listed firms in recent years, their profitability has not demonstrated a corresponding increase. This discrepancy raises an important question: Has the continuous increase in R&D investment by firms surpassed the positive effects of performance feedback?

Building upon the resource-based view and performance feedback theory, a growing body of literature has focused on how external stakeholders, such as the government and venture capitalists, influence firm's R&D investment decisions. In particular, the actions of other firms within the same field can reshape the business environment and influence the allocation of resources among stakeholders. From the perspective of institutional isomorphism theory, it has been found that, in uncertain environments, firms tend to imitate the behavior of other firms operating in similar contexts, particularly when those firms are embedded within the same organizational field. This imitation helps firms reduce decision-making risks and gain legitimacy, especially in a competitive and resource-constrained environment.

Most existing research has examined the role of imitation pressure in promoting R&D investment within a single organizational field. However, focal firms are not only embedded in one field but often operate within both industry and regional fields simultaneously. The overlap between these two fields generates a new organizational space known as the regional-industry dual field. This dual-field environment creates unique dynamics for firms that are embedded in both fields, and raises several important questions. For example, how do new "same-group" firms, those that are both in the same region and industry, influence one another's R&D investment behavior? Furthermore, what happens when imitation pressures from the two fields conflict? consider the situation where firms in the same region have relatively high levels of R&D investment, but firms within the same industry have lower investment levels. How will the focal firm respond in such a conflicting environment? Existing organizational innovation research has not provided clear answers to these questions, especially when it comes to the simultaneous pressures from industry and regional fields.

To address these gaps, this study applies institutional isomorphism theory to explore the impact of dual-field imitation pressure on firm's R&D investment. Additionally, it examines the moderating effects of imitation pressure conflicts. The analysis investigates the relationship between imitation pressure and R&D investment in firms of different market positions, while also assessing whether dual-field imitation pressure helps firms overcome the manipulation of R&D investment levels. Using a two-way fixed effects model, this study conducts an empirical analysis of A-share manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2008 and 2022.

The results of the study indicate that dual-field imitation pressure positively influences firms to increase their R&D investment. Furthermore, when imitation pressures from the two fields conflict, the driving effect on R&D investment is strengthened. Firms with varying market positions align with the imitation pressures from the different fields they are embedded in, and, when facing dual-field pressures, they tend to increase their substantive R&D investment. This study not only enriches the literature on the role of imitation pressure in corporate R&D investment but also contributes to the understanding of how social innovation demands can be translated into corporate behavior. By analyzing the interplay between different organizational fields, this study helps provide new insights into the dynamics of R&D investment and the role of external pressures in shaping corporate innovation strategies.

, authors=Yu-mei LIU1, Ling-zhi CHEN2, Yu-tao SUN1, 3, authorsList=Yu-mei LIU, Ling-zhi CHEN, Yu-tao SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-tao SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315372183841522680, articleId=1315372182478373870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=超越绩效反馈:双重场域模仿压力与研发投资, columnId=1309226375303750154, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=前沿与观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于制度同构理论探究区域-行业双重场域模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资的影响,以及区域场域与行业场域内模仿压力不一致的调节作用,并运用我国沪、深两市A股制造业企业2008-2022年非平衡面板数据进行了实证检验。研究发现,双重场域模仿压力是激发企业加大研发投资的重要力量;当区域和行业场域模仿压力冲突时,双重场域模仿压力的研发投入驱动效应将会增强。异质性检验结果表明,行业和双重场域的模仿压力对高市场地位企业的响应更大,区域场域的模仿压力对低市场地位企业的影响更大。本研究超越了绩效反馈,聚焦企业双重场域模仿压力对企业研发投资影响,丰富了组织研发投资动力机制研究,对于推动企业创新活动的持续深化和升级具有重要意义。

, authors=柳玉梅1, 陈灵芝2, 孙玉涛1, 3, authorsList=柳玉梅, 陈灵芝, 孙玉涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙玉涛, authorNote=

柳玉梅(1995-),女,博士研究生。

陈灵芝(1994-),女,讲师,博士。

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孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授, E-mail:。
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Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021, 1(168):120781., articleTitle=Status and digital innovation: A middle-status conformity perspective, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315372189407363119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, awardId=24VRC061, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315372184059626489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184068015098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184059626489, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184076403707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184059626489, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315372184156095484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184164484093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184156095484, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Humanities and Law (School of Public Administration), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184177067006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184156095484, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 燕山大学文法学院(公共管理学院), 河北秦皇岛 066044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315372184252564479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184260953088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184252564479, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Research Center for S&T Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Industrial Transformation, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372184273534976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, companyId=1315372184252564479, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315372187469594652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The situations of firms embedded in regional field, industrial field and dual field, figureFileSmall=tOOSbx7MtsV2Dr942aQDKQ==, figureFileBig=nlQo/A0eXGUFzIBx9fpE8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372187545092125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=图1, caption=企业参与区域场域、行业场域与双重场域的情境

资料来源:Marquis和Tilcsik(2016)。

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资料来源:作者整理。

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Definition and measurement of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量 变量名称 变量含义及测量
被解释变量 RD 焦点企业研发投资 企业研发投入占销售收入的比值
解释变量 RD_D 双重场域模仿压力 同区域-行业企业第t-1年研发强度均值
调节变量 Diff 区域场域与行业场域模仿压力冲突 同行业企业和同区域企业第t-1年研发强度均值之差的绝对值
控制变量 Size 企业规模 企业第t-1年员工数量的自然对数
Age 企业年龄 企业建立年份到第t-1年的年数
SOE 企业所有权 虚拟变量,若所有权性质为国有企业取1;否则取0
Tobin'Q 企业托宾Q值 企业第t-1年市场价值/企业期末总资产
Lev 资产负债率 企业第t-1年总负债/总资产
Revenue 主营业务收入 企业第t-1年主营业务收入总额的对数
Revenue_I 行业主营业务收入 第t-1年同行业企业主营业务收入均值的对数
Income_R 地区人均生产总值 第t-1年地区生产总值除以年平均常住人口
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188165849123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量定义及测量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量 变量名称 变量含义及测量
被解释变量 RD 焦点企业研发投资 企业研发投入占销售收入的比值
解释变量 RD_D 双重场域模仿压力 同区域-行业企业第t-1年研发强度均值
调节变量 Diff 区域场域与行业场域模仿压力冲突 同行业企业和同区域企业第t-1年研发强度均值之差的绝对值
控制变量 Size 企业规模 企业第t-1年员工数量的自然对数
Age 企业年龄 企业建立年份到第t-1年的年数
SOE 企业所有权 虚拟变量,若所有权性质为国有企业取1;否则取0
Tobin'Q 企业托宾Q值 企业第t-1年市场价值/企业期末总资产
Lev 资产负债率 企业第t-1年总负债/总资产
Revenue 主营业务收入 企业第t-1年主营业务收入总额的对数
Revenue_I 行业主营业务收入 第t-1年同行业企业主营业务收入均值的对数
Income_R 地区人均生产总值 第t-1年地区生产总值除以年平均常住人口
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188245540900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistical results and correlation analysis of main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188300066853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要变量描述性统计结果与相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188379758630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
RD_R 0.150
(0.086)
0.157**
(0.078)
0.104
(0.086)
RD_I 0.404***
(0.083)
0.430***
(0.086)
0.352***
(0.082)
RD_D 0.267***
(0.105)
0.381***
(0.109)
0.246***
(0.116)
0.388***
(0.111)
RD_D*Diff 0.291**
(0.152)
Diff 0.167***
(0.070)
Size 0.464**
(0.175)
0.395**
(0.17)
0.403**
(0.17)
0.392**
(0.17)
1.491***
(0.244)
Age 0.177***
(0.013)
0.165***
(0.013)
0.165***
(0.013)
0.150***
(0.013)
0.206***
(0.027)
SOE 0.246
(0.189)
0.269
(0.189)
0.259
(0.189)
0.266
(0.189)
0.224
(0.202)
Tobin'Q -0.024
(0.017)
-0.023
(0.017)
-0.023
(0.017)
-0.022
(0.017)
-0.020***
(0.018)
Lev -0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.017***
(0.003)
Revenue -0.779***
(0.098)
-0.772***
(0.097)
-0.782***
(0.108)
-0.776***
(0.108)
-0.759***
(0.107)
Revenue_I -0.06
(0.104)
-0.002
(0.103)
-0.04
(0.122)
-0.007
(0.122)
-0.027
(0.120)
Income_R 0.014
(0.032)
0.027
(0.033)
0.035
(0.037)
0.03
(0.036)
0.029
(0.037)
cons 2.827***
(0.504)
2.243***
(0.504)
2.210***
(0.503)
2.249***
(0.502)
2.158***
(0.504)
2.158***
(0.504)
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 19636 21789 21789 19636 19636 19636
Adj. R2 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.296 0.09
F/ Wald chi-square 25.56 30.76 31.23 31.14 28.34 22.03
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188484616231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
RD_R 0.150
(0.086)
0.157**
(0.078)
0.104
(0.086)
RD_I 0.404***
(0.083)
0.430***
(0.086)
0.352***
(0.082)
RD_D 0.267***
(0.105)
0.381***
(0.109)
0.246***
(0.116)
0.388***
(0.111)
RD_D*Diff 0.291**
(0.152)
Diff 0.167***
(0.070)
Size 0.464**
(0.175)
0.395**
(0.17)
0.403**
(0.17)
0.392**
(0.17)
1.491***
(0.244)
Age 0.177***
(0.013)
0.165***
(0.013)
0.165***
(0.013)
0.150***
(0.013)
0.206***
(0.027)
SOE 0.246
(0.189)
0.269
(0.189)
0.259
(0.189)
0.266
(0.189)
0.224
(0.202)
Tobin'Q -0.024
(0.017)
-0.023
(0.017)
-0.023
(0.017)
-0.022
(0.017)
-0.020***
(0.018)
Lev -0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.016***
(0.003)
-0.017***
(0.003)
Revenue -0.779***
(0.098)
-0.772***
(0.097)
-0.782***
(0.108)
-0.776***
(0.108)
-0.759***
(0.107)
Revenue_I -0.06
(0.104)
-0.002
(0.103)
-0.04
(0.122)
-0.007
(0.122)
-0.027
(0.120)
Income_R 0.014
(0.032)
0.027
(0.033)
0.035
(0.037)
0.03
(0.036)
0.029
(0.037)
cons 2.827***
(0.504)
2.243***
(0.504)
2.210***
(0.503)
2.249***
(0.502)
2.158***
(0.504)
2.158***
(0.504)
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 19636 21789 21789 19636 19636 19636
Adj. R2 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.296 0.09
F/ Wald chi-square 25.56 30.76 31.23 31.14 28.34 22.03
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188589473832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Robustness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
RD_R 0.264
(0.198)
0.098
(0.081)
RD_I 0.823***
(0.164)
0.356***
(0.081)
RD_D 2.804***
(0.148)
0.346***
(0.108)
0.323***
(0.113)
0.249**
(0.114)
0.391***
(0.118)
RD_D*Diff 0.284*
(0.151)
0.285*
(0.153)
Diff 0.117*
(0.066)
0.172**
(0.070)
IMR -6.721***
(0.772)
RD1 0.146***
(0.031)
0.165***
(0.030)
RD2 0.005
(0.034)
-0.006
(0.022)
Market -0.085***
(0.013)
Supervisor 0.012
(0.014)
Bio4 -0.061
(0.077)
Report 0.006***
(0.002)
Control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE - - Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE - - Yes Yes Yes Yes
cons -0.330*
(0.182)
4.560***
(0.714)
2.289***
(0.500)
0.365
(0.768)
1.553***
(0.506)
-3.067***
(0.763)
No. of obs. 23203 23203 19636 19636 19636 19636
Adj. R2 - - 0.166 0.10 0.07 0.10
F/ Wald chi-square 1821.65 1821.65 23.28 20.55 22.53 21.54
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188698525737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5 模型6
RD_R 0.264
(0.198)
0.098
(0.081)
RD_I 0.823***
(0.164)
0.356***
(0.081)
RD_D 2.804***
(0.148)
0.346***
(0.108)
0.323***
(0.113)
0.249**
(0.114)
0.391***
(0.118)
RD_D*Diff 0.284*
(0.151)
0.285*
(0.153)
Diff 0.117*
(0.066)
0.172**
(0.070)
IMR -6.721***
(0.772)
RD1 0.146***
(0.031)
0.165***
(0.030)
RD2 0.005
(0.034)
-0.006
(0.022)
Market -0.085***
(0.013)
Supervisor 0.012
(0.014)
Bio4 -0.061
(0.077)
Report 0.006***
(0.002)
Control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE - - Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE - - Yes Yes Yes Yes
cons -0.330*
(0.182)
4.560***
(0.714)
2.289***
(0.500)
0.365
(0.768)
1.553***
(0.506)
-3.067***
(0.763)
No. of obs. 23203 23203 19636 19636 19636 19636
Adj. R2 - - 0.166 0.10 0.07 0.10
F/ Wald chi-square 1821.65 1821.65 23.28 20.55 22.53 21.54
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188778217514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Regression results of the market status of firms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 区域场域 行业场域 双重场域
模型1高地位 模型2低地位 模型3高地位 模型4低地位 模型5高地位 模型6低地位
RD_I -0.005
(0.063)
0.432***
(0.136)
0.418***
(0.102)
0.387***
(0.130)
0.619***
(0.190)
0.131
(0.118)
P-value 0.574*** 0.292* -0.418*
cons Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 10319 11470 11286 10503 10177 9459
R2 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10
F/ Wald chi-square 10.33 20.96 12.87 18.47 12.69 17.47
), ArticleFig(id=1315372188899852332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372182478373870, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

企业市场地位分组回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 区域场域 行业场域 双重场域
模型1高地位 模型2低地位 模型3高地位 模型4低地位 模型5高地位 模型6低地位
RD_I -0.005
(0.063)
0.432***
(0.136)
0.418***
(0.102)
0.387***
(0.130)
0.619***
(0.190)
0.131
(0.118)
P-value 0.574*** 0.292* -0.418*
cons Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 10319 11470 11286 10503 10177 9459
R2 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10
F/ Wald chi-square 10.33 20.96 12.87 18.47 12.69 17.47
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Dual-field imitation pressure and firm R&D manipulation

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变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5
RD_R -0.039
(0.140)
-0.011
(0.145)
-0.079
(0.148)
RD_I -0.044
(0.116)
0.002
(0.114)
-0.100
(0.117)
RD_D 0.286**
(0.131)
0.313**
(0.126)
0.321**
(0.132)
control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 19636 23203 23203 19636 19636
R2 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30
F/ Wald chi-square 4493.72 4652.84 4654.17 3885.35 3886.79
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双重场域模仿压力与企业研发操纵

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变量 模型1 模型2 模型3 模型4 模型5
RD_R -0.039
(0.140)
-0.011
(0.145)
-0.079
(0.148)
RD_I -0.044
(0.116)
0.002
(0.114)
-0.100
(0.117)
RD_D 0.286**
(0.131)
0.313**
(0.126)
0.321**
(0.132)
control Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Id FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of obs. 19636 23203 23203 19636 19636
R2 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30
F/ Wald chi-square 4493.72 4652.84 4654.17 3885.35 3886.79
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超越绩效反馈:双重场域模仿压力与研发投资
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柳玉梅 1 , 陈灵芝 2 , 孙玉涛 1, 3
科学学研究 | 前沿与观点 2026,44(2): 397-409
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科学学研究 |前沿与观点 2026 , 44 (2) : 397 -409
超越绩效反馈:双重场域模仿压力与研发投资
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柳玉梅1, 陈灵芝2, 孙玉涛1, 3
作者信息
  • 1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
  • 2 燕山大学文法学院(公共管理学院), 河北秦皇岛 066044
  • 3 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024
通讯作者:
孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授, E-mail:。
作者简介:

柳玉梅(1995-),女,博士研究生。

陈灵芝(1994-),女,讲师,博士。

Beyond performance feedback: Dual-field imitation pressure and R&D investment
Yu-mei LIU1, Ling-zhi CHEN2, Yu-tao SUN1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2 School of Humanities and Law (School of Public Administration), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066044, China
  • 3 Research Center for S&T Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Industrial Transformation, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15
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本研究基于制度同构理论探究区域-行业双重场域模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资的影响,以及区域场域与行业场域内模仿压力不一致的调节作用,并运用我国沪、深两市A股制造业企业2008-2022年非平衡面板数据进行了实证检验。研究发现,双重场域模仿压力是激发企业加大研发投资的重要力量;当区域和行业场域模仿压力冲突时,双重场域模仿压力的研发投入驱动效应将会增强。异质性检验结果表明,行业和双重场域的模仿压力对高市场地位企业的响应更大,区域场域的模仿压力对低市场地位企业的影响更大。本研究超越了绩效反馈,聚焦企业双重场域模仿压力对企业研发投资影响,丰富了组织研发投资动力机制研究,对于推动企业创新活动的持续深化和升级具有重要意义。

双重场域  /  模仿压力  /  研发投资  /  合法性  /  企业地位

A new technological revolution is reshaping the global innovation landscape, making it increasingly important for firms to increase their research and development (R&D) investments. These investments are pivotal for accelerating technological upgrades and maintaining competitiveness in a globalized economy. It is widely accepted that firms increase R&D investment because of their ample resources and positive performance feedback. However, despite a significant rise in R&D investment by listed firms in recent years, their profitability has not demonstrated a corresponding increase. This discrepancy raises an important question: Has the continuous increase in R&D investment by firms surpassed the positive effects of performance feedback?

Building upon the resource-based view and performance feedback theory, a growing body of literature has focused on how external stakeholders, such as the government and venture capitalists, influence firm's R&D investment decisions. In particular, the actions of other firms within the same field can reshape the business environment and influence the allocation of resources among stakeholders. From the perspective of institutional isomorphism theory, it has been found that, in uncertain environments, firms tend to imitate the behavior of other firms operating in similar contexts, particularly when those firms are embedded within the same organizational field. This imitation helps firms reduce decision-making risks and gain legitimacy, especially in a competitive and resource-constrained environment.

Most existing research has examined the role of imitation pressure in promoting R&D investment within a single organizational field. However, focal firms are not only embedded in one field but often operate within both industry and regional fields simultaneously. The overlap between these two fields generates a new organizational space known as the regional-industry dual field. This dual-field environment creates unique dynamics for firms that are embedded in both fields, and raises several important questions. For example, how do new "same-group" firms, those that are both in the same region and industry, influence one another's R&D investment behavior? Furthermore, what happens when imitation pressures from the two fields conflict? consider the situation where firms in the same region have relatively high levels of R&D investment, but firms within the same industry have lower investment levels. How will the focal firm respond in such a conflicting environment? Existing organizational innovation research has not provided clear answers to these questions, especially when it comes to the simultaneous pressures from industry and regional fields.

To address these gaps, this study applies institutional isomorphism theory to explore the impact of dual-field imitation pressure on firm's R&D investment. Additionally, it examines the moderating effects of imitation pressure conflicts. The analysis investigates the relationship between imitation pressure and R&D investment in firms of different market positions, while also assessing whether dual-field imitation pressure helps firms overcome the manipulation of R&D investment levels. Using a two-way fixed effects model, this study conducts an empirical analysis of A-share manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2008 and 2022.

The results of the study indicate that dual-field imitation pressure positively influences firms to increase their R&D investment. Furthermore, when imitation pressures from the two fields conflict, the driving effect on R&D investment is strengthened. Firms with varying market positions align with the imitation pressures from the different fields they are embedded in, and, when facing dual-field pressures, they tend to increase their substantive R&D investment. This study not only enriches the literature on the role of imitation pressure in corporate R&D investment but also contributes to the understanding of how social innovation demands can be translated into corporate behavior. By analyzing the interplay between different organizational fields, this study helps provide new insights into the dynamics of R&D investment and the role of external pressures in shaping corporate innovation strategies.

dual-field  /  imitation pressure  /  R&D investment  /  legitimacy  /  firm status
柳玉梅, 陈灵芝, 孙玉涛. 超越绩效反馈:双重场域模仿压力与研发投资. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (2) : 397 -409 .
Yu-mei LIU, Ling-zhi CHEN, Yu-tao SUN. Beyond performance feedback: Dual-field imitation pressure and R&D investment[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (2) : 397 -409 .
新一轮科技革命正重塑全球创新格局,企业加大研发投资对加快技术升级和赢得全球竞争有重要意义[1]。一般认为,企业加大研发投资是由于具备丰裕的资源和优秀的绩效反馈[2]。然而,近年来上市公司研发投资节节攀升,但盈利能力却并未随之明显增长①(① https://www.capco.org.cn/。)。那么,企业持续增加研发投资是否超越了正向绩效反馈?
在资源观和绩效反馈研究基础上,越来越多学者关注政府、风险投资等外部利益相关者对企业研发投资的影响[3,4]。同一场域内其他企业的研发活动会重塑生存环境和利益相关者的资源配置[5]。为此,学者基于制度同构研究发现,在不确定环境下,企业会模仿相似环境(即相同场域)中其他组织的行为来降低决策风险并获取合法性[6,7]。
围绕模仿压力与企业研发投资,现有研究分别探讨了行业场域和区域场域内模仿压力的作用。第一,关于行业场域模仿压力,研究发现同行业企业加大研发投资的集体行动会形成模仿压力,迫使焦点企业遵循集体趋势,避免在发展中被边缘化[6,8]。孟科学等运用仿真模拟量化场域模仿压力,发现随着场域内创新型企业数量增加,焦点企业创新投入也持续增长[9]。第二,关于区域场域模仿压力,孙锦萍等[10]研究指出同省份企业会通过模仿研发行为来传递创新态度以获取政府创新支持,使得同省企业研发投资呈现同构现象。林秀梅和徐光瑞[11]发现企业研发投资呈现区域收敛的空间演化趋势。
综上,现有研究分别探究了企业嵌入单一组织场域下模仿压力对研发投资的影响。实际上,焦点企业同时嵌入行业和区域,两个组织场域叠加将产生新场域——区域-行业双重场域[12],新“同群”企业(既同区域又同行业)将产生怎样的影响?进一步而言,当两个场域的模仿压力冲突时,例如同区域企业研发投资水平较高,而同行业企业较低时,焦点企业将如何应对?现有组织创新研究未能清晰回答上述问题。
基于制度同构理论,本研究探究双重场域模仿压力对企业研发投资的影响,以及模仿压力冲突的调节效应;运用双向固定效应模型对2008-2022年沪深A股制造业企业进行实证分析;并就不同市场地位下模仿压力与企业研发投资关系,以及双重场域模仿压力是否有助于企业突破研发操纵区间进一步分析。结果表明,双重场域模仿压力促进企业加大研发投资;且当两个场域模仿压力冲突时,研发投资驱动效应增强;不同市场地位的企业顺应不同场域的模仿压力;面对双重场域模仿压力,企业会增加实质性研发投资。本研究丰富了中观层面模仿压力影响企业研发投资的研究,并有助于将社会创新需求转化为企业自主响应行为。
组织场域(organizational field)由处于聚集状态且构成一种公共认同制度生活领域的组织构成,包括生产经营组织和监管机构,为有意义和适合做的行为建立了一个认知范围[5]。Marquis和Tilcsik提出,企业在“行业场域”和“区域场域”中运行[12],两个场域叠加会产生双重场域。具体来看,“行业场域”指特定行业或领域内形成的社会空间结构,主要包括企业的基本竞争对手和交换伙伴,由共同的逻辑界定;“区域场域”指特定地理范围内形成的地理空间结构,还包括具有不同逻辑的其他博弈组织,“双重场域”则两者兼有。基于场域参与关系可以将企业划分为四类:同区域企业,同行业企业,同区域-行业企业和非同场域企业(见图1)。基于制度同构理论,在不确定环境下,处于相似场域内其他组织的行为带来了模仿压力,组织响应模仿压力表明其遵从组织场域内相关规则和认知框架,进而获得合法性和生存发展所需的资源[5,7]。
制造业企业研发投资具有高成本和高不确定性,自身资源难以完全满足研发所需的投入量和风险管理[13]。为了满足资源提供者的合法性要求,企业会模仿同场域企业的研发投资行为,避免偏离现有期望和实践,进而获得资源扶持和市场认可。地方政府作为规则制定者和资源提供者成为区域场域合法性的关键来源;市场利益相关者(如客户,银行和风投机构等)则是行业场域合法性的核心来源,深刻影响企业的市场认可和资源获取[5,14]。与焦点企业制度环境相似的同区域-行业企业,其行为对焦点企业的决策具有更强的驱动作用,模仿这类企业有助于获得更高的社会合法性[12]。
同一区域场域内企业共享相似的政策环境和基础设施,面临相似的挑战和机遇,促使企业间形成模仿压力[7]。企业响应该模仿压力可获得区域政府和地方金融机构的认可与资源。第一,区域政府倾向支持符合区域发展战略的企业,因为这些企业的行为显示出对区域政策的适应性[15]。当区域内多数企业增加研发投资时,焦点企业的模仿行为能传递顺应区域政策的信号,增强其合法性,进而获得政府补贴和政策支持。第二,银行和风投机构等资源提供者评估企业风险时,往往参考区域内其他企业的行为。当区域内企业普遍增加研发投资时,银行等可能视其为积极信号,认为区域创新潜力和市场前景较好[11]。因此,焦点企业的模仿行为,可以有效降低融资风险,更易获得贷款、融资等资源支持[7]。
同一行业场域内企业从事相似的业务,面临相似的技术路径和市场需求,促使企业间形成模仿压力[5]。企业通过观察和模仿同行业企业的研发投资行为来降低决策风险,这些行为为焦点企业提供参考,并定义行业内的合法性标准[5]。若焦点企业未能跟随行业主流研发投资,可能被视为偏离了行业主流实践,进而失去合法性[7]。合法性丧失可能导致在资源获取和市场竞争中处于不利地位[14]。
企业长期嵌入两个组织场域,既受区域政策环境影响,又受行业技术路径和市场需求双重影响。首先,模仿相似环境企业行为将带来更高的合法性[12]。同区域-行业企业增加研发投资被视为区域和行业双重合法性的体现。焦点企业通过模仿其行为,既可获得政府支持,又能保持行业合法性。区域和行业场域的模仿压力叠加,推动企业在双重场域内模仿同区域-行业的企业研发投资行为,获得更多资源和合法性。其次,区域和行业的合法性标准可能存在差异,提供不一致的行为线索,同区域-行业企业为焦点企业提供明确的模仿对象,降低了研发投资决策的风险[12]。
因此,本研究提出如下假设:
H1:同区域-行业企业研发投资的模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资具有正向影响。
企业研发投资的合法性水平在区域和行业场域之间存在显著差异[6]。例如,在区域场域中,经济发展相对滞后和政府扶持力度较小的区域,企业研发投资水平较低[1]。行业场域中,技术密集型行业(如医药制造业)具有较高的研发投资,而劳动密集型行业(如食品和家具制造业)则较低②(② https://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/zxfb2020/202309/t20230918_1942923.html。)。当焦点企业同时嵌入行业和区域场域时,可能面临行业平均研发投资和区域平均研发投资高-低不一致的模仿压力冲突。
不一致的模仿压力会对企业研发投资行为产生两个方向的拉力,增加企业研发投资的不确定性。当不确定性大时,企业特别依赖与其制度环境更为相似的企业[12]。因此,模仿压力冲突将带来更高不确定性,增强了模仿同区域-行业企业研发投资行为所带来的合法性,从而强化双重场域模仿压力与企业研发投资间的正向关系。
H2:同行业企业和同区域企业研发投资水平差异越大,同区域-行业企业研发投资行为模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资的影响越强。
我国制造业正在经历转型升级,其研发投资受到特别关注。本研究选择2008-2022年我国A股上市制造业公司作为初始研究样本,因为大部分公司的研发投资数据从2008开始规范披露。参考已有研究[16,17],对原始数据进行以下处理:(1)剔除金融类、ST类企业;(2)剔除营业收入小于500万企业;(3)剔除样本区间内研发投资为0的企业;(4)剔除财务数据缺失企业;(5)为避免异常值的影响,对所有连续变量在上下1%分位处进行缩尾处理。最终得到3434家上市公司共25344个有效观测值。本研究按照中国证监会2012版SIC三级行业代码,划定了样本的行业场域;按照公司总部所在省、自治区、直辖市划定了样本的区域场域[18,19]。研发投资数据来自中国创新专利研究数据库(CIRD数据库),财务数据均来自中国经济金融研究数据库(CSMAR数据库)。计量分析使用Stata16.0软件完成。
为检验模仿压力对企业研发投资的影响,设定双向固定效应模型如公式所示:
${y}_{i,j,t}=\alpha +\beta {\overline{y}}_{i,-j,t-1}+\delta {\overline{y}}_{i,-j,t-1}*diff+\gamma {x}_{j,t-1}+{\lambda }_{t}+{\mu }_{j}+{\epsilon }_{i,j,t}$
其中,y表示焦点企业研发投资,j,t分别对应企业与时间,i表示组织场域,-j表示同场域除企业j外的其他企业,${\overline{y}}_{i,-j,t-1}$表示t-1年i场域除企业j外其他企业研发投资的平均强度,即该场域的模仿压力,diff表示模仿压力冲突,${\overline{y}}_{i,-j,t-1}*diff$表示双重场域模仿压力和模仿压力冲突的交互项,xj,t-1为t-1年的所有控制变量。λt是时间固定效应,μj是个体固定效应;εi,j,t是误差项。本研究重点关注系数β,如果β统计上显著,则意味着焦点企业研发投资受到其同场域模仿压力的显著影响。
(1)被解释变量
本研究的被解释变量为焦点企业研发投资(RD),采用公司当年研发经费投入占销售收入的比值来衡量。与绝对的研发投资规模相比,研发强度是企业研发投资更稳健的测量[6]。
(2)解释变量
本研究的解释变量是双重场域模仿压力(RD_D),定义为同区域-行业企业研发强度的平均值。首先,参照划定样本企业区域场域和行业场域的方法,将既同区域又同行业的企业识别为同区域-行业企业。其次,区域场域模仿压力(RD_R)、行业场域模仿压力(RD_I)和双重场域模仿压力(RD_D)分别采用同区域企业、同行业企业和同区域-行业企业的研发强度平均值衡量。焦点企业可能不存在同区域-行业企业,故有部分数据缺失。
(3)调节变量
区域与行业场域模仿压力冲突(Diff)定义为同行业企业研发强度均值与同区域企业研发强度均值之差的绝对值[12],反映了企业在研发投资决策时面临的不确定性,差值越大,不确定性越强。
(3)控制变量
根据以往文献,本研究控制了已证明影响企业研发投资的企业层面、区域层面和行业层面相关因素[1,12]。具体而言,本研究控制了企业层面的企业规模(Size)、企业年龄(Age)、企业所有权(SOE)、企业托宾Q值(Tobin'Q)、资产负债率(Lev)和主营业务收入(Revenue)变量,还控制了组织场域层面的经济状况指标,行业主营业务收入(Revenue_I)和地区人均生产总值(Income_R)。规模较大的企业拥有更多的研发人力资本,更有可能加大研发投资,但也有研究指出小规模企业有更强的动力来进行研发投资,本研究以公司员工数量的自然对数来衡量企业规模[20]。企业年龄采用观测年减去企业建立年测算。不同所有权性质的企业在决策机制方面有所差异,研发意愿和风险承担水平也有不同,进而影响其研发投资[21]。本研究将企业所有权设为虚拟变量,企业是国有企业时取1,其他股权性质时取0。企业托宾Q值预示着公司的成长性和未来价值,与研发投资存在正向关系,本研究以企业市场价值除以期末总资产来衡量[22]。资产负债率预示着企业在未来可能面临的资金压力与财务风险,高资产负债率一般意味着企业不会将更多的资金投入到高风险的研发活动中,本研究采用企业总负债除以总资产来衡量[1]。
表2是主要变量的描述性统计结果与变量间相关系数。可以看出,企业研发强度均值为4.70%。总体来看,样本企业间研发强度差异较大,有的企业不重视研发,有的企业则非常重视研发,其研发强度高达24.8%,即企业将近三成的销售收入用于研发活动。主要变量相关系数矩阵显示RD和RD_D之间的相关系数为0.459,通过1%水平的统计检验,初步支持了前文提出的假设。
表3报告了基准回归结果。模型1报告了仅加入固定效应而未加入控制变量的回归结果,双重场域模仿压力(RD_D)和行业场域模仿压力(RD_I)的回归系数都显著为正,区域场域模仿压力(RD_R)的回归系数并不显著。在此基础之上,模型2到模型4加入控制变量,结果显示回归系数全部正向显著(ρ1=0.157,p<0.05; ρ2=0.430,p<0.01; ρ3=0.381,p<0.01),说明在给定其他条件不变的情况下,区域、行业和双重场域模仿压力都正向影响焦点企业的研发投资。模型5加入所有自变量,估计结果全部正向显著,验证了假设H1。
模型6加入双重场域模仿压力与模仿压力冲突交互项(RD_D*Diff),回归系数显著为正(ρ=0.291,p<0.1),即模仿压力冲突强化了双重场域模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资的正向促进作用,H2也通过验证。当焦点企业面临不一致的场域模仿压力时,同区域-行业企业的存在缓解了焦点企业的决策压力,其行为具有更强的借鉴意义。
(1)内生性检验
采用Heckman两阶段解决企业研发投资的偶然断尾造成的样本选择偏差问题。参考吴武清等的做法,一阶段检验选取市场化指数(樊纲指数,Market)、是否“四大”审计(Bio4)、监事会规模(Supervisor)以及分析师关注度(Report)等影响企业信息披露的重要因素作为外生变量,同时加入主检验的全部控制变量,以企业研发投资(RD)是否为0为因变量,对于全样本进行Probit估计,计算得到逆米尔斯比率(IMR)[23]。上述影响企业研发信息披露的外生变量会对企业是否根据会计准则、报表披露格式等规定披露研发投资信息产生影响,但是不太可能对于企业研发投资的高低产生影响。选择偏差纠正后的结果如表4所示,模型1为选择模型,模型2为主效应模型,估计结果显示实证结果具有稳健性。
(2)安慰剂检验
借鉴邓新明等[24]的思路,通过对存在同区域-行业企业的样本进行随机分组,进一步验证结果是否由其他不可观测因素影响。理论上,随机分配生成的同场域企业的研发投资均值对焦点企业的研发投资不存在显著影响。本研究重复500次上述过程并按照原模型进行回归分析。
图3显示,500次安慰剂检验的t值都呈现均值近乎于0的对称分布,未得到统计上显著的处理效应。此外,绝大多数随机化测试中的t值均未达到本研究真实t值水平(3.50),表明先前回归结果并非由其他不可观测的因素造成,证明了结论的可靠性。
(3)伪模仿检验
除模仿之外,影响焦点企业与同场域企业决策行为趋于一致的原因还包括同场域企业的其他条件和制度环境等[25]。因此,本研究参考杨秀云等[25]的做法,分别在回归方程中加入滞后一期同区域不同行业企业研发投资的均值(RD1),以及不同区域同行业企业研发投资的均值(RD2)。表4模型3和模型4的实证结果表明,在排除以上两种情况时,实证结果仍然稳健性。
(4)更换因变量的测量方式
使用企业研发强度与同场域企业研发强度均值的差值来表示企业的研发投资水平。估计结果如表4模型5和模型6所示,实证结果仍然稳健。
本部分将研究模仿压力对不同市场地位企业研发投资的影响。借鉴Liu等[26]的研究,本研究通过企业总资产、营业收入和净利润加权平均生成每个企业的市场地位得分,并对该得分在行业和区域中排名分别进行标准化处理。之后,按行业-年份、区域-年份、区域-行业-年份分别将全样本分成高市场地位企业(高地位)和低市场地位企业(低地位)两组,分样本回归结果如表5所示。
模型1和模型2表明,与高市场地位企业相比,区域场域模仿压力对低市场地位企业的研发投资影响更为显著。这主要是因为低市场地位企业通常资源匮乏(如资金、技术和人才等),更依赖通过模仿其他企业来获取研发资源。同时,低市场地位企业在区域内的合法性基础较弱,难以通过卓越的市场表现来获得区域内广泛认可,需要通过模仿来增强合法性。
模型3和模型4表明,与低市场地位企业相比,行业场域模仿压力对高市场地位企业的研发投资影响更为显著。高市场地位企业通过模仿其他企业的研发投资行为,能够有效削弱后者的竞争优势,降低后者的研发投资收益。此外,高市场地位企业的管理者更加重视企业的社会声誉和个人声誉,为避免因管理决策失误而受到责难,更容易受到行业场域模仿压力的影响。
模型5和模型6表明,与低市场地位企业相比,双重场域模仿压力对高市场地位企业的研发投资影响更为显著。这主要是由于在双重场域中,企业的竞争对象更加明确。为了保持其双重领先地位,高地位企业更容易受到模仿压力的驱动。
现有研究将企业研发投入强度恰好符合《高新技术企业认定管理办法》规定标准称为研发操纵。研发操纵意味着企业研发投资并非用于提升技术竞争力,而是管理层的政策迎合策略,目的是获得“高新技术企业”认证,享受税收优惠等外部资源,属于非实质性研发投入[17]。制造业企业的研发活动通常具有资本密集特点,需要大量投资用于工艺改良和技术设备改进,且内部资源难以覆盖,因此外部资源对企业研发活动至关重要。现有研究表明,机会主义地操纵研发投资会降低公司研发绩效和高质量发展。一是因为虚增的研发投资未真正用于研发活动,难以提升公司创新水平;二是因为操纵行为可能表现为购买未投入实际运营的先进研发设备,“形象工程”无益于公司研发绩效提升[17]。因此,本部分进一步研究:面对双重场域模仿压力,企业增加的研发投资属于研发操纵还是实质性研发投资?
本研究借鉴杨国超等[17]的方法衡量企业研发强度是否突破研发操纵区间(MBB)。具体来看,当企业销售收入小于2亿元,研发强度超过4.5%时,MBB值为1;当企业销售收入大于等于2亿元,研发强度超过3.5%时,MBB值为1,其余为0。回归结果见表6。模型2到模型5显示RD_R和RD_I的系数均不显著,说明区域模仿压力和行业模仿压力与企业研发操纵间没有统计意义上的相关性。RD_D系数显著为正,说明面对双重场域模仿压力,企业会大幅提升自身的研发投资使其突破研发操纵区间。面对双重场域模仿压力,企业会更注重实质性的研发投资,通过切实提升研发投资强度求得生存和发展。
企业研发投资增长与其经营绩效提升的不一致引发了对传统绩效反馈研究的反思。基于制度同构理论,本研究关注了企业处在不同的组织场域中“模仿谁”的问题,探讨双重场域模仿压力如何驱动企业研发投资决策。利用制造业上市公司数据,本研究实证检验了区域-行业双重场域模仿压力对焦点企业研发投资的影响,以及区域与行业场域内模仿压力冲突的调节作用。
本文主要结论如下。第一,双重场域模仿压力是激发企业研发投资的重要外部力量。焦点企业会密切关注同区域-行业企业的研发投资行为,并将其作为研发投资决策的参考依据和动力。正是由于同场域企业之间的这种模仿和追赶,导致企业研发投资水平越来越高,以至于在企业盈利能力不足的情况下其研发强度依然稳步提升。第二,当区域场域与行业场域的模仿压力存在冲突时,企业面临更多的不确定性,双重场域模仿压力的研发投资驱动效应会得到增强。第三,高市场地位企业会更顺应行业和双重场域的模仿压力加大研发投资,低市场地位企业会更加顺应区域场域的模仿压力加大研发投资。第四,双重场域模仿压力会促使企业加强实质性研发投资。
第一,针对现有研究主要关注单一组织场域压力的不足,本研究聚焦企业同时嵌入区域和行业双重场域的情境,研究双重场域模仿压力的效果,丰富了模仿压力对企业研发投资的影响研究。现有研究多基于单一场域,强调企业模仿行业或者区域内领先企业的创新行为,忽视了企业嵌入多场域的复杂行为逻辑。本研究认为企业在区域和行业场域中要同时满足两种合法性要求,双重场域模仿压力能强化合法性追求,激发企业加大研发投资。
第二,本研究引入区域场域和行业场域模仿压力冲突的概念,揭示其在“双重场域模仿压力—企业研发投资”关系中的调节作用。现有研究多以外部制度环境同质化为基本假设,忽视了不同场域间模仿压力存在冲突的情形。本研究在双重场域叠加的框架下,系统考察了模仿压力的冲突与叠加效应,理论上阐明了复杂环境下企业响应模仿压力的策略,拓展了多场域条件下模仿压力影响企业研发投资行为的边界研究。
本研究结论具有一定的政策启示意义。第一,双重场域模仿压力作为激发企业研发投资的重要外部力量,应被政策制定者予以被重视。研究发现企业研发投资决策对同场域其他企业具有“溢出效应”,会放大创新政策的效果。因此,在制定行业和区域创新政策时,应通过构建创新网络、强化企业间互动与信息共享等方式,有效引导模仿压力的传播。例如,区域层面可以通过支持技术联盟、创新孵化平台等方式,促进企业间研发信息的流动与协作;行业层面则可通过设立行业标杆企业,放大模仿压力带来的“乘数效应”,从而推动整体研发投资水平的提升。
第二,不同市场地位的企业对不同场域模仿压力的响应存在差异,公共政策需要分类指导。研究发现高地位企业对行业和双重场域的模仿压力响应较强,因此行业政策应聚焦于推动龙头企业发挥技术引领作用,例如通过研发激励等手段鼓励其进行前沿创新,并带动行业整体进步。同时,低地位企业对区域场域模仿压力更敏感,区域政策应为弱势企业提供更包容的成长环境,例如通过设立中小企业创新基金、提供专项技术培训等措施,激发弱势企业的创新活力。通过差异化支持措施,提升不同类型企业的创新活力。
本研究存在以下不足。首先,公司研发投资决策是一个复杂的过程,涉及是否进行研发投资、研发投资强度和类型等问题,本研究仅聚焦于研发投资强度,未来可进一步就研发投资类型展开研究。其次,本研究基于中国制造业上市公司进行实证分析,结果可能只适用于新兴经济体的大企业,但不一定适用于中小企业和发达国家企业。未来的研究可涵盖不同规模和制度环境的企业,以提高结论的普适性。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061)
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2026年第44卷第2期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-09
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13
  • 修回日期:2025-01-03
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国家社会科学基金资助项目(24VRC061)
作者信息
    1 大连理工大学经济管理学院, 辽宁大连 116024
    2 燕山大学文法学院(公共管理学院), 河北秦皇岛 066044
    3 大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心, 辽宁大连 116024

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孙玉涛(1982-),男,教授, E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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种数
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total species (%)
属
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种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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