Article(id=1315372107098345974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734451200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-18, revisedDate=1747152000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791538748764, onlineDateStr=2026-10-09, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791538748764, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791538748764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791538748764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315372022658613552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791538728624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791538856865, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315372560565523080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315372560569717385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=586, endPage=598, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315372107358392823, articleId=1315372107098345974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Research on the impact of policy coupling synergy paths on innovation performance: A case study of China's hydrogen energy industry, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the acceleration of the global technological and industrial transformation, future industries have become a new track in international competition, and the construction and improvement of the future industry innovation ecosystems are crucial to a country’s long-term competitiveness. China has repeatedly proposed to plan ahead and actively cultivate future industries, and the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to “improve the scientific and technological innovation system and form an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness”. Under the New System for Nationwide Resource Mobilization, the government is the architect of the future industry innovation ecosystems, and giving full play to the role of the government is an important strategic support and institutional guarantee for promoting industrial innovation relying on disruptive technologies. As a key instrument and carrier for the government, policy plays a vital role. According to the policy synergy theory, the internal friction within the system caused by policy conflicts and the offset of effectiveness will reduce the overall implementation effect, and single or partial policies are difficult to provide a complete policy blueprint for the construction of an efficiently integrated the future industry innovation ecosystems. Policy coupling and synergy help to break down barriers and restrictions and rapidly improve innovation performance. Insufficient coupling and synergy will restrict the systematic nature of policy formulation and the efficiency of implementation, and become a potential obstacle to China’s construction of a global competitive advantage in future industries, urgently requiring systematic research to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance. Therefore, the structural coupling and synergy of policies are crucial for the cultivation of a multi-dimensional future industry innovation ecosystem.

This paper aims to answer the question of how the core network affects innovation performance through what kind of policy coupling and synergy transmission path. Taking China's hydrogen energy industry as an example, this paper quantifies policies based on the research framework of “knowledge-entrepreneurship-business”, constructs a theoretical model of the policy coupling and synergy path of the multi-dimensional innovation ecosystem, uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM) to construct and verify the transmission path of hydrogen energy policies from 1995 to 2023 that affect innovation performance through coupling and synergy, and uses social network analysis to study the relationships among government departments. The research finds that the coupling and synergy among policies at all levels have a positive impact on innovation performance, the coupling degree remains stable at an intermediate coordination state, and the synergy degree improves slowly with an overall poor performance; in the transmission path of “policy formulation→coupling and synergy→innovation performance”, the influence coefficients in descending order are the business-driven business-innovation coupling and synergy, the business-leading business-knowledge coupling and synergy, the knowledge-dominated knowledge-business coupling and synergy, the entrepreneurship-catalyzing entrepreneurship-business coupling and synergy, the entrepreneurship-boosting entrepreneurship-knowledge coupling and synergy, and the knowledge-supporting knowledge-entrepreneurship coupling and synergy; the policy network presents a “core-middle-edge” structure, playing the roles of leading and guiding, supporting and coordinating, and serving and supervising respectively in policy formulation. This paper provides a reference for the hierarchical structure quantification research of future industry policies, makes up for the deficiencies in the research on the transmission path of policy coupling and synergy, and contributes to government decision-making and industrial practice.

, authors=Qi-yuan ZHANG, Hong-qi WANG, Zhong-ji YANG, Xiao-li LI, Dan YANG, authorsList=Qi-yuan ZHANG, Hong-qi WANG, Zhong-ji YANG, Xiao-li LI, Dan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-qi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315372108541186562, articleId=1315372107098345974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=政策耦合协同路径对创新绩效的影响研究——以我国氢能产业为例, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

政策的结构性耦合协同对培育多维未来产业创新生态系统至关重要。基于“知识—创业—商业”的研究框架量化政策,运用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)构建并验证1995-2023年氢能政策通过耦合协同影响创新绩效的传导路径,运用社会网络分析政府部门间关系。研究发现:各层面政策间的耦合协同对创新绩效均有正向影响,耦合度稳定在中级协调状态,协同度提升缓慢且整体表现不佳;在“政策制定→耦合协同→创新绩效”的传导路径中,影响系数由大到小依次为商业驱动型商创耦合协同、商业牵引型商知耦合协同、知识主导型知商耦合协同、创业催化型创商耦合协同、创业助推型创知耦合协同和知识支撑型知创耦合协同;政策网络呈“核心—中间—边缘”结构,在政策制定中分别起到主导与引领、支撑与配合、服务与监督的作用。这为未来产业政策的层次性结构量化研究提供了参考,弥补了政策耦合协同传导路径研究的不足,助力政府决策和产业实践。

, authors=张启媛, 王宏起, 杨仲基, 李晓莉, 杨丹, authorsList=张启媛, 王宏起, 杨仲基, 李晓莉, 杨丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王宏起, authorNote=

张启媛(1988-),女,博士研究生。

杨仲基(1989-),男,副教授。

李晓莉(1982-),女,讲师。

杨丹(1997-),女,博士研究生。

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王宏起(1958-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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张启媛(1988-),女,博士研究生。

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张启媛(1988-),女,博士研究生。

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杨仲基(1989-),男,副教授。

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杨仲基(1989-),男,副教授。

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李晓莉(1982-),女,讲师。

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李晓莉(1982-),女,讲师。

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杨丹(1997-),女,博士研究生。

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杨丹(1997-),女,博士研究生。

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China Industrial Economics, 2017(7): 24-42., articleTitle=Producer services agglomeration and manufacturing upgrading, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315372116703302211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, awardId=72174046, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(72174046), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1315372116782993988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, awardId=24BGL051, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金一般规划项目(24BGL051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1315372116871074373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, awardId=72404071, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(72404071), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315372108918673923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372108931256836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, companyId=1315372108918673923, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372108943839749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, companyId=1315372108918673923, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315372112571912745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The theoretical model of the “K—E—B” policy coupling and synergy transmission path, figureFileSmall=/E1Js6DxoQ0wsXsMWMiUUw==, figureFileBig=NlygRhikBTXLbe8p4v5VZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372112651604522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=图1, caption=“K—E—B”政策耦合协同传导路径的理论模型, figureFileSmall=/E1Js6DxoQ0wsXsMWMiUUw==, figureFileBig=NlygRhikBTXLbe8p4v5VZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372112936817195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Word cloud for policy retrieval text mining in the HEI innovation ecosystem, figureFileSmall=iqLnL/MwddV6ktqaiS5VFQ==, figureFileBig=HVdtOnO6zKKOKqQKg/9LKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372113020703276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HEI创新生态系统的政策检索文本挖掘词云, figureFileSmall=iqLnL/MwddV6ktqaiS5VFQ==, figureFileBig=HVdtOnO6zKKOKqQKg/9LKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372113100395053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Distribution of policy coupling and synergy levels, figureFileSmall=ZsZ5BDucOtrKIwZVVwRmwQ==, figureFileBig=Uknl/lgO66k+z8NRzWD9Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372113167503918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=图3, caption=政策耦合协同水平分布, figureFileSmall=ZsZ5BDucOtrKIwZVVwRmwQ==, figureFileBig=Uknl/lgO66k+z8NRzWD9Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372114790699567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Estimation results after deleting insignificant results, figureFileSmall=bzCkx31ab+EGXya3xBcl0g==, figureFileBig=O9YMG1vmDvAWxAd5O24qsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372114895557168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=图4, caption=删除不显著结果后的估计结果, figureFileSmall=bzCkx31ab+EGXya3xBcl0g==, figureFileBig=O9YMG1vmDvAWxAd5O24qsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372115000414769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Sectoral networks for policy formulation of K, E and B, figureFileSmall=jsjQoNeIbQLtjAEHBpTHQA==, figureFileBig=713xU106JP30K+S4xSl+bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372115130438194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=图5, caption=K、E、B制定政策的部门网络关系, figureFileSmall=jsjQoNeIbQLtjAEHBpTHQA==, figureFileBig=713xU106JP30K+S4xSl+bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372115226907187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Elements of the multidimensional FI innovation ecosystem

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主体 行为 结果
共性行为 个性行为
知识层(K) 政府 基础研究与技术研发;投入资源;起草技术标准;建设创新平台;科技试点与示范;育引研发人才与团队 制定创新政策;创新治理;激发知识热点;营造创新环境;鼓励军民技术融合 原创性论文、科技报告、专利;技术标准;样机
大学与科研院所 建设专业与学科
新型研发机构
企业 传递、反馈知识需求
创业层(E) 政府 帮助或进行创业;提供创业资源;育引创业人才与团队;投入资金;建设小试、中试及相关基础设施;发起、参与创业大赛 制定创业政策;营造创业环境;引导创业行为 创业相关产品或服务;成熟企业的利基业务或部门
大学与科研院所 学术创业;学术参与;开展创业相关的科技创新和社会服务
新型研发机构
企业 生产初期产品、提供初期服务
中介服务机构 技术的评估、交易、转让、代理、拍卖和集成
个人及团队 技术性创业、社会性创业、连续创业
商业层(B) 政府 提供商业化资源;起草产品、服务、质量管理等商业化标准;育引商业人才与团队;发展龙头企业、领军企业等;建设规模化示范项目与基础设施 制定产业政策;营造产业化制度环境;治理社会伦理问题;安全监管;经验推广;舆论引导;督导评估;保护知识产权;公共购买 商业标准;商业化的新知识;规模化产品与服务;产业价值供应链
大学与科研院所 学术参与、技术合作等多样化智力支持
新型研发机构
企业 市场交易、生产、服务等规模化生产和价值链嵌入行为以及相应的场景建设行为
中介服务机构 技术的评估、交易、转让、代理、拍卖和集成
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115306598964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多维FI创新生态系统的要素构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主体 行为 结果
共性行为 个性行为
知识层(K) 政府 基础研究与技术研发;投入资源;起草技术标准;建设创新平台;科技试点与示范;育引研发人才与团队 制定创新政策;创新治理;激发知识热点;营造创新环境;鼓励军民技术融合 原创性论文、科技报告、专利;技术标准;样机
大学与科研院所 建设专业与学科
新型研发机构
企业 传递、反馈知识需求
创业层(E) 政府 帮助或进行创业;提供创业资源;育引创业人才与团队;投入资金;建设小试、中试及相关基础设施;发起、参与创业大赛 制定创业政策;营造创业环境;引导创业行为 创业相关产品或服务;成熟企业的利基业务或部门
大学与科研院所 学术创业;学术参与;开展创业相关的科技创新和社会服务
新型研发机构
企业 生产初期产品、提供初期服务
中介服务机构 技术的评估、交易、转让、代理、拍卖和集成
个人及团队 技术性创业、社会性创业、连续创业
商业层(B) 政府 提供商业化资源;起草产品、服务、质量管理等商业化标准;育引商业人才与团队;发展龙头企业、领军企业等;建设规模化示范项目与基础设施 制定产业政策;营造产业化制度环境;治理社会伦理问题;安全监管;经验推广;舆论引导;督导评估;保护知识产权;公共购买 商业标准;商业化的新知识;规模化产品与服务;产业价值供应链
大学与科研院所 学术参与、技术合作等多样化智力支持
新型研发机构
企业 市场交易、生产、服务等规模化生产和价值链嵌入行为以及相应的场景建设行为
中介服务机构 技术的评估、交易、转让、代理、拍卖和集成
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115394679349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Description and coding of exogenous variables for K, E and B

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潜在变量 外源变量 释义 编码
政策制定水平
ξ1、ξ2、ξ3
主体建设水平(IL) 衡量各主体的建设水平,涉及新建与改进、关系、数量与规模、合作与交流、基地与平台、育引人才与团队等 x11、x21、x31
创新布局水平(SC) 衡量对各层创新活动及其成果的布局范围和力度,创新能力的大小 x12、x22、x32
资金扶持力度(FS) 衡量政府在资金、财政、税收、投资、保险、引导企业风险投资和社会资金投入等方面的扶持强度 x13、x23、x33
服务与监管水平(SS) 衡量对各主体及行为的服务和监管水平,涵盖政府与公共机构的制度、中介机构的商业化服务、规范与标准等 x14、x24、x34
应用场景建设水平(AC) 衡量各种规模的试点、示范以及加氢站、输氢管道等基础设施建设的规模与数量 x15、x25、x35
市场培育力度(MC) 衡量政府对各市场消费主体的培育力度,包括购买技术、产品、服务、证券等的公共用户、商业用户和个人 x26、x36
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115503731254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

K、E、B外源变量说明及编码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 外源变量 释义 编码
政策制定水平
ξ1、ξ2、ξ3
主体建设水平(IL) 衡量各主体的建设水平,涉及新建与改进、关系、数量与规模、合作与交流、基地与平台、育引人才与团队等 x11、x21、x31
创新布局水平(SC) 衡量对各层创新活动及其成果的布局范围和力度,创新能力的大小 x12、x22、x32
资金扶持力度(FS) 衡量政府在资金、财政、税收、投资、保险、引导企业风险投资和社会资金投入等方面的扶持强度 x13、x23、x33
服务与监管水平(SS) 衡量对各主体及行为的服务和监管水平,涵盖政府与公共机构的制度、中介机构的商业化服务、规范与标准等 x14、x24、x34
应用场景建设水平(AC) 衡量各种规模的试点、示范以及加氢站、输氢管道等基础设施建设的规模与数量 x15、x25、x35
市场培育力度(MC) 衡量政府对各市场消费主体的培育力度,包括购买技术、产品、服务、证券等的公共用户、商业用户和个人 x26、x36
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115591811639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Quantitative standards for policy intensity, policy objectives and policy measures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策力度
得分 评价标准
6 全国人大及其常务委员会颁布的法律
5 中共中央颁布的纲要、意见;国务院颁布的规划、意见、方案、纲要、计划、纲领、决定、目录
4 各部委颁布的意见、规划、办法、方案、公告、计划、纲要、决定、目录
3 国务院颁布的批复、通知、指南、报告
2 各部委颁布的指南、标准、规定、规则、规范、通告、细则
1 各部委颁布的通知、报告、公示、函、批复、提纲
政策目标与政策措施
5 全面系统地规划与布局HEI及其技术;系统性深入布局特定领域或要素
4 广泛布局HEI及其技术;明确、重点要求特定领域或要素
3 一定程度上涉及较多要素的描述;对特定领域或要素提出一定要求
2 涉及较少要素的描述;对特定要素提出较少要求
1 仅提及氢能或其个别要素,无进一步描述或要求
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115679892024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

政策力度、政策目标与政策措施的量化标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策力度
得分 评价标准
6 全国人大及其常务委员会颁布的法律
5 中共中央颁布的纲要、意见;国务院颁布的规划、意见、方案、纲要、计划、纲领、决定、目录
4 各部委颁布的意见、规划、办法、方案、公告、计划、纲要、决定、目录
3 国务院颁布的批复、通知、指南、报告
2 各部委颁布的指南、标准、规定、规则、规范、通告、细则
1 各部委颁布的通知、报告、公示、函、批复、提纲
政策目标与政策措施
5 全面系统地规划与布局HEI及其技术;系统性深入布局特定领域或要素
4 广泛布局HEI及其技术;明确、重点要求特定领域或要素
3 一定程度上涉及较多要素的描述;对特定领域或要素提出一定要求
2 涉及较少要素的描述;对特定要素提出较少要求
1 仅提及氢能或其个别要素,无进一步描述或要求
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115763778105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of policy quantification (Examples)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策名称-年份-编码-政策力度 外源变量 政策目标 政策措施 总得分
氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021-2035年)-2022-247-4 K E B K E B K E B
IL 5 1 5 5 5 5 100 20 100
SC 5 1 5 5 3 5 100 12 100
FS 1 1 2 5 5 5 20 20 40
SS 2 2 2 5 1 5 40 8 40
AC 1 1 5 5 2 5 20 8 100
MC 3 1 5 5 5 5 60 20 100
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115847664186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

政策量化结果(示例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策名称-年份-编码-政策力度 外源变量 政策目标 政策措施 总得分
氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021-2035年)-2022-247-4 K E B K E B K E B
IL 5 1 5 5 5 5 100 20 100
SC 5 1 5 5 3 5 100 12 100
FS 1 1 2 5 5 5 20 20 40
SS 2 2 2 5 1 5 40 8 40
AC 1 1 5 5 2 5 20 8 100
MC 3 1 5 5 5 5 60 20 100
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115931550267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 5(a), caption=

Description and coding of endogenous variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 编码 涉及层面 内生变量 释义 编码(与变量排序相同)
政策耦合协同水平 ξ4 K-E 协同度、
耦合度、
耦合协同度
衡量政策相互作用与协同的水平 y11、y12、y13
ξ5 K-B y21、y22、y23
ξ6 E-B y31、y32、y33
ξ7 K-E-B y41、y42、y43
), ArticleFig(id=1315372115998659132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表5(a), caption=

内生变量说明及编码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 编码 涉及层面 内生变量 释义 编码(与变量排序相同)
政策耦合协同水平 ξ4 K-E 协同度、
耦合度、
耦合协同度
衡量政策相互作用与协同的水平 y11、y12、y13
ξ5 K-B y21、y22、y23
ξ6 E-B y31、y32、y33
ξ7 K-E-B y41、y42、y43
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116149654077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 5(b), caption=

Description and coding of endogenous variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 内生变量 来源 编码
创新绩效(ξ8) En Incopat、香橙会 y51
Pa Web of Science y52
IP Incopat y53
Pr 香橙会、网络和新闻报道 y54
In y55
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116233540158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表5(b), caption=

内生变量说明及编码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 内生变量 来源 编码
创新绩效(ξ8) En Incopat、香橙会 y51
Pa Web of Science y52
IP Incopat y53
Pr 香橙会、网络和新闻报道 y54
In y55
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116342592063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Quality standards for latent variables after deleting insignificant results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 AVE t值
(P值)
组合信度 t值
(P值)
信度系数 t值
(P值)
Cronbach's alpha t值
(P值)
ξ1 0.823 13.911*** 0.957 55.392*** 0.955 53.226*** 0.941 36.07***
ξ2 0.603 9.459*** 0.891 32.318*** 0.903 34.028*** 0.845 20.58***
ξ3 0.761 15.587*** 0.948 70.417*** 0.949 68.508*** 0.931 48.002***
ξ4 0.749 14.833*** 0.888 23.974*** 0.974 90.348*** 0.804 9.633***
ξ5 0.995 663.19*** 0.998 1322.4*** 0.995 689.79*** 0.995 655.97***
ξ6 0.994 501.23*** 0.997 998.31*** 0.994 497.63*** 0.994 493.94***
ξ7 0.994 601.29*** 0.997 1198.3*** 0.995 603.41*** 0.994 593.59***
ξ8 0.909 23.198*** 0.980 47.737*** 0.993 5.247*** 0.976 131.3***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116426478144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

删除不显著结果后潜在变量质量标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在变量 AVE t值
(P值)
组合信度 t值
(P值)
信度系数 t值
(P值)
Cronbach's alpha t值
(P值)
ξ1 0.823 13.911*** 0.957 55.392*** 0.955 53.226*** 0.941 36.07***
ξ2 0.603 9.459*** 0.891 32.318*** 0.903 34.028*** 0.845 20.58***
ξ3 0.761 15.587*** 0.948 70.417*** 0.949 68.508*** 0.931 48.002***
ξ4 0.749 14.833*** 0.888 23.974*** 0.974 90.348*** 0.804 9.633***
ξ5 0.995 663.19*** 0.998 1322.4*** 0.995 689.79*** 0.995 655.97***
ξ6 0.994 501.23*** 0.997 998.31*** 0.994 497.63*** 0.994 493.94***
ξ7 0.994 601.29*** 0.997 1198.3*** 0.995 603.41*** 0.994 593.59***
ξ8 0.909 23.198*** 0.980 47.737*** 0.993 5.247*** 0.976 131.3***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116518752833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Total and indirect impacts among potential variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总影响 样本平均值 T值(P值) 具体的间接影响 样本平均值 T值(P值)
ξ1→ξ7 0.287 4.037*** ξ1→ξ4→ξ7 0.120 3.100***
ξ1→ξ5→ξ7 0.166 2.862***
ξ2→ξ7 0.278 4.740*** ξ2→ξ4→ξ7 0.136 3.462***
ξ2→ξ6→ξ7 0.142 3.289***
ξ3→ξ7 0.462 7.910*** ξ3→ξ5→ξ7 0.226 4.893***
ξ3→ξ6→ξ7 0.237 4.506***
ξ4→ξ8 0.157 3.519*** ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.157 3.519***
ξ5→ξ8 0.241 3.084*** ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.241 3.084***
ξ6→ξ8 0.224 4.101*** ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.224 4.101***
ξ1→ξ8 0.177 2.619*** ξ1→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.074 2.449**
ξ1→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.104 2.024**
ξ2→ξ8 0.168 3.814*** ξ2→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.082 2.778***
ξ2→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.085 3.165***
ξ3→ξ8 0.284 3.778*** ξ3→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.139 2.984***
ξ3→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.145 3.205***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372116598444610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372107098345974, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

潜在变量之间的总影响与间接影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总影响 样本平均值 T值(P值) 具体的间接影响 样本平均值 T值(P值)
ξ1→ξ7 0.287 4.037*** ξ1→ξ4→ξ7 0.120 3.100***
ξ1→ξ5→ξ7 0.166 2.862***
ξ2→ξ7 0.278 4.740*** ξ2→ξ4→ξ7 0.136 3.462***
ξ2→ξ6→ξ7 0.142 3.289***
ξ3→ξ7 0.462 7.910*** ξ3→ξ5→ξ7 0.226 4.893***
ξ3→ξ6→ξ7 0.237 4.506***
ξ4→ξ8 0.157 3.519*** ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.157 3.519***
ξ5→ξ8 0.241 3.084*** ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.241 3.084***
ξ6→ξ8 0.224 4.101*** ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.224 4.101***
ξ1→ξ8 0.177 2.619*** ξ1→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.074 2.449**
ξ1→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.104 2.024**
ξ2→ξ8 0.168 3.814*** ξ2→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8 0.082 2.778***
ξ2→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.085 3.165***
ξ3→ξ8 0.284 3.778*** ξ3→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8 0.139 2.984***
ξ3→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8 0.145 3.205***
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政策耦合协同路径对创新绩效的影响研究——以我国氢能产业为例
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张启媛 , 王宏起 , 杨仲基 , 李晓莉 , 杨丹
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(3): 586-598
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (3) : 586 -598
政策耦合协同路径对创新绩效的影响研究——以我国氢能产业为例
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张启媛, 王宏起 , 杨仲基, 李晓莉, 杨丹
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080
通讯作者:
王宏起(1958-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
作者简介:

张启媛(1988-),女,博士研究生。

杨仲基(1989-),男,副教授。

李晓莉(1982-),女,讲师。

杨丹(1997-),女,博士研究生。

Research on the impact of policy coupling synergy paths on innovation performance: A case study of China's hydrogen energy industry
Qi-yuan ZHANG, Hong-qi WANG , Zhong-ji YANG, Xiao-li LI, Dan YANG
Affiliations
  • School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15
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政策的结构性耦合协同对培育多维未来产业创新生态系统至关重要。基于“知识—创业—商业”的研究框架量化政策,运用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)构建并验证1995-2023年氢能政策通过耦合协同影响创新绩效的传导路径,运用社会网络分析政府部门间关系。研究发现:各层面政策间的耦合协同对创新绩效均有正向影响,耦合度稳定在中级协调状态,协同度提升缓慢且整体表现不佳;在“政策制定→耦合协同→创新绩效”的传导路径中,影响系数由大到小依次为商业驱动型商创耦合协同、商业牵引型商知耦合协同、知识主导型知商耦合协同、创业催化型创商耦合协同、创业助推型创知耦合协同和知识支撑型知创耦合协同;政策网络呈“核心—中间—边缘”结构,在政策制定中分别起到主导与引领、支撑与配合、服务与监督的作用。这为未来产业政策的层次性结构量化研究提供了参考,弥补了政策耦合协同传导路径研究的不足,助力政府决策和产业实践。

政策  /  耦合协同  /  创新绩效  /  传导路径  /  氢能产业

With the acceleration of the global technological and industrial transformation, future industries have become a new track in international competition, and the construction and improvement of the future industry innovation ecosystems are crucial to a country’s long-term competitiveness. China has repeatedly proposed to plan ahead and actively cultivate future industries, and the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to “improve the scientific and technological innovation system and form an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness”. Under the New System for Nationwide Resource Mobilization, the government is the architect of the future industry innovation ecosystems, and giving full play to the role of the government is an important strategic support and institutional guarantee for promoting industrial innovation relying on disruptive technologies. As a key instrument and carrier for the government, policy plays a vital role. According to the policy synergy theory, the internal friction within the system caused by policy conflicts and the offset of effectiveness will reduce the overall implementation effect, and single or partial policies are difficult to provide a complete policy blueprint for the construction of an efficiently integrated the future industry innovation ecosystems. Policy coupling and synergy help to break down barriers and restrictions and rapidly improve innovation performance. Insufficient coupling and synergy will restrict the systematic nature of policy formulation and the efficiency of implementation, and become a potential obstacle to China’s construction of a global competitive advantage in future industries, urgently requiring systematic research to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance. Therefore, the structural coupling and synergy of policies are crucial for the cultivation of a multi-dimensional future industry innovation ecosystem.

This paper aims to answer the question of how the core network affects innovation performance through what kind of policy coupling and synergy transmission path. Taking China's hydrogen energy industry as an example, this paper quantifies policies based on the research framework of “knowledge-entrepreneurship-business”, constructs a theoretical model of the policy coupling and synergy path of the multi-dimensional innovation ecosystem, uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM) to construct and verify the transmission path of hydrogen energy policies from 1995 to 2023 that affect innovation performance through coupling and synergy, and uses social network analysis to study the relationships among government departments. The research finds that the coupling and synergy among policies at all levels have a positive impact on innovation performance, the coupling degree remains stable at an intermediate coordination state, and the synergy degree improves slowly with an overall poor performance; in the transmission path of “policy formulation→coupling and synergy→innovation performance”, the influence coefficients in descending order are the business-driven business-innovation coupling and synergy, the business-leading business-knowledge coupling and synergy, the knowledge-dominated knowledge-business coupling and synergy, the entrepreneurship-catalyzing entrepreneurship-business coupling and synergy, the entrepreneurship-boosting entrepreneurship-knowledge coupling and synergy, and the knowledge-supporting knowledge-entrepreneurship coupling and synergy; the policy network presents a “core-middle-edge” structure, playing the roles of leading and guiding, supporting and coordinating, and serving and supervising respectively in policy formulation. This paper provides a reference for the hierarchical structure quantification research of future industry policies, makes up for the deficiencies in the research on the transmission path of policy coupling and synergy, and contributes to government decision-making and industrial practice.

policy  /  coupling and synergy  /  innovation performance  /  transmission path  /  hydrogen energy industry
张启媛, 王宏起, 杨仲基, 李晓莉, 杨丹. 政策耦合协同路径对创新绩效的影响研究——以我国氢能产业为例. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (3) : 586 -598 .
Qi-yuan ZHANG, Hong-qi WANG, Zhong-ji YANG, Xiao-li LI, Dan YANG. Research on the impact of policy coupling synergy paths on innovation performance: A case study of China's hydrogen energy industry[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (3) : 586 -598 .
全球科技与产业变革加速,未来产业(Future Industry,FI)成为国际竞争新赛道,其创新生态系统的构建与完善关乎国家长期竞争力。面临百年未有之大变局,我国大力推进经济“内涵型增长”,多次提出前瞻谋划和积极培育FI,并在党的二十大报告中提出“完善科技创新体系,形成具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态”。在新型举国体制下,政府是FI的制度构建者和总设计师[1],是培育FI创新生态系统的关键所在,更好地发挥政府作用是依托颠覆性技术推动产业创新的重要战略支撑与制度保障[2]。然而,政策协同理论认为政策冲突与效能抵消引致的系统内耗会降低整体实施效果[3],单一或局部的政策难以为构建高效整合的FI创新生态系统提供完备的政策蓝图[4]。政策耦合协同有助于打破壁垒与限制,快速提升创新绩效,耦合协同不足则会制约政策制定的系统性和实施的高效性,成为我国构建FI全球竞争优势的潜在阻碍,亟须系统性研究提供理论依据与实践指导。
现有政策耦合协同研究涵盖了横向部门[5]、纵向层级[6]、横纵双向[7]、时间维度[8]等多个角度,也有基于“力度—目标—措施”分析框架对创新[9]、节能减排[10]、光伏产业[11]等领域政策文本的量化研究,还有针对不同生态主体的央地政策内容的协同分析[12],但对创新生态系统的耦合协同研究不足。在具有复杂多层结构的FI创新生态系统中,结构性耦合协同现象显著[1],相关研究却十分匮乏,尤其是基于量化数据的实证分析。这对于系统科学地制定政策并快速构建高效协同、富有活力的FI创新生态系统至关重要。因此,本文以我国氢能产业(Hydrogen Energy Industry,HEI)为例,构建多维创新生态系统政策耦合协同路径的理论模型,通过探索多层面政策耦合协同的量化方法,剖析政策耦合协同水平,深入解析影响创新绩效的传导路径,识别制定各层面政策的关键核心网络。本文旨在回答何种部门网络通过何种政策耦合协同传导路径对创新绩效产生何种程度的影响,为优化政策制定体系、提升政策耦合协同效能提供方向与依据。
FI创新生态系统是在FI情境下对传统创新生态系统概念的拓展延伸,尚处于探索与理论构建阶段[1,13]。创新生态系统理论认为构成要素包括不断发展的参与者、活动、创新产出以及相关制度与关系[14],具有参与者、行为、位置和链接的对齐结构[15],需要地方政策支持的创业活动将知识层(包含可能单独或非连续发生的科学层与技术层)过渡到商业层[16,17]。FI作为新质生产力体系中的战略前驱,注重颠覆性技术供给,其创新生态系统往往综合强调复杂的主体、环境及其间关系和机制[18],被认为是各层参与者通过各种颠覆性技术创新行为塑造互补或替代关系并输出前沿产品与服务等成果的动态复杂系统,具有明显的“知识—创业—商业”分层网络结构,各层结构要素普遍存在“主体—行为—结果”的逻辑关系[1,13],见表1。
氢能被我国“十四五”规划列为FI,政府发挥“设定系统目标—塑造分层网络结构—提供关键资源”的架构功能促进其创新生态系统形成,分层网络结构从单一知识层逐渐过渡到全面覆盖,阶段性地表现为地基式、金字塔式和堡垒式状态[13],契合FI创新生态系统的结构框架。
首先,仔细研读1995-2023年国家级HEI政策文本,基于“知识—创业—商业”的框架构建多层面政策耦合协同影响创新绩效的传导路径理论模型;其次,从“力度—目标—措施”维度量化政策文本[9-11],运用SmartPLS软件(4.1.0.9版本)计算传导路径系数;最后,使用Gephi软件(0.10.1版本)制定各层面政府部门关系网络图以识别网络关系。
FI的发展依赖于政府的前瞻布局与培育。一方面,政府部门因职责与分工不同在政策制定中各有侧重,部门及其间关系形成的网络决定了该层面政策制定水平。另一方面,层面间存在耦合协同现象,每两个层面政策相互作用与协同的程度塑造了其耦合协同水平,进一步调节三个层面的耦合协同水平,最终影响创新绩效,传导路径模型见图1。
遵循以下原则选取变量:一是科学性与系统性,能够客观、全面地反映K、E、B三个层面的要素;二是可操作性,能够通过参考或改进已有方法计算变量数值,计算过程相对简单易懂;三是适用性,围绕研究主题,充分考虑各层面之间的关联性,以便更好地反映耦合协同水平。
(1)外源变量
首先,为了保证数据资料的准确性和全面性,根据HEI链的相关文献[19]、《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021-2035年)》和《能源技术革命创新行动计划(2016-2030年)》构建政策检索的文本挖掘词典,共60个词,见图2。在此基础上提取关键词,在国务院及其各部委官网、商务部主办的全球法律法规网数据库、北大法宝网、中国知网、万方数据库、中国汽车工业协会以及香橙会氢能数据库(香橙会)检索氢能相关政策文本,收集了1990-2023年共1894条政策。通过初步的阅读和筛选,排除相关性过低的文件和解读、转发、建议的答复等重复性文件,确定了氢能相关政策365条,包括以下两种情况:一是涵盖文本挖掘词典中词语的文本;二是没有提及相关词汇,但关联政策、官方解读与权威报道涉及氢能,或者从语义上能判断出具有氢能特点,且在该政策发布2年内有相关实践活动,涉及能源、环保、交通、工业等领域。
其次,从政策发布的背景、时间、机构、类型以及政策内容中的目标、措施、思想等方面进行精读,经过团队成员的反复讨论与筛选,最终建立了我国HEI创新生态系统的政策数据库,涵盖了从1995-2023年共311条由中共中央、国务院及其各部委等60多个机构独立或联合颁布的氢能相关政策。
数据量化具体步骤为:
第一步,由5名小组成员背对背精读政策文本,1名成员进行汇总协调,初步整理出涉及HEI创新生态系统的政策目标和政策措施,为了保证全面性和准确性,参考相关文献[6],对于战略目标中明确涉及HEI的政策文件,将政策措施都纳入整理范围,而在具体政策措施部分涉及的政策目标则仅统计与之对应的措施。如果汇总协调后依然存在不一致的情况,则由小组讨论做出最终决定。
第二步,参考王宏起等[4]对政策文本的维度划分将整理结果归纳分类,并统计出类别关键词,将关键词按照“主体—行为—结果”的逻辑总结划分,合并整理得到的维度类别,并根据文献综述结果进一步整合K、E和B层面的政策分类,初步得到适用于全部层面的外源变量体系。
第三步,咨询了多位新能源领域的研究人员、政策研究人员、企业工作人员和省级政府相关工作人员,汇总意见和建议后进一步调整;对现有外源变量体系进行数据试算,将试算结果进行K-Means聚类分析和Spearman相关性分析,通过不断反馈与调整得到互相支持的结果,从而确定变量的差异性和全面性,最终得到各层面的外源变量体系,见表2。
第四步,政策打分。参考已有文献[4,9-11],按照政策的“力度—目标—措施”依次反映法律效力水平、目标实现预期和使用手段的水平,由5名小组成员依次进行预打分,再咨询多位研究人员与工作人员意见,整理得到最终的量化标准,具体见表3。
第五步,构建原始数据矩阵。借鉴政策量化相关文献的思路[4,9-11],围绕政策的“力度—目标—措施”计算各指标初始值,示例见表4。设定原始数据矩阵为X={Xij},则第i年第j个指标的初始值Xij的计算公式为:
${X}_{ij}={\Sigma }_{l=1}^{N}P{I}_{l}\times P{O}_{l}\times P{M}_{l}$
式中:l为政策编码,PIl为第l条政策的力度,POl为第l条政策的目标,PMl为第l条政策的措施,1995≤i≤2023。
随后,清洗数据,处理缺失值与异常值。
(2)内生变量
一方面,协同度、耦合度与耦合协同度三个内生变量共同构成了潜在变量耦合协同水平,涵盖局部(两个层面间)和整体(三个层面间)的交互作用机制与协同联动关系,见表5(a),计算步骤如下:
第一步:数据标准化处理。熵值法通过客观赋权,能够有效避免计算过程中的主观性,较为准确地反映各个变量的重要程度[20],适用于本文进行数据标准化处理。
计算各项指标比重Pij:
${P}_{ij}={X}_{ij}/{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{m}{X}_{ij}$
计算第j项指标的信息熵ej:
${e}_{j}=-k{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{m}{P}_{ij}{l}_{n}{P}_{ij}$
式中:系数k=1/ln m,0≤ej≤1。
计算各指标权重wj:
${d}_{j}=1-{e}_{j}$
${w}_{j}={d}_{j}/{\sum }_{j=1}^{m}{d}_{j}$
式中:dj为第j个指标的信息熵冗余度。
第二步:计算第x个系统的综合评价指数Ux:
${U}_{x}={\sum }_{j=1}^{xm}{w}_{xj}{P}_{ij}$
第三步:计算耦合协同度D:
$T={\sum }_{x=1}^{n}{\lambda }_{x}{U}_{x}$
$C=\sqrt[n]{{\Pi }_{x=1}^{n}{U}_{x}/({\sum }_{x=1}^{n}{U}_{x}{)}^{n}}$
$D=\sqrt{C\times T}$
式中,T为协同度,C为耦合度,λx为衡量第x个系统在协同发展中重要程度的待定系数,通常等于1/x,C和D的取值范围均为[0,1]。
另一方面,从企业、论文、专利、产品和基础设施5个维度匹配外源变量以衡量HEI创新绩效,检索时间截止到2024.11.30,具体见表5(b)。
有研发活动企业数量增长率(En)。作为国家重点培育的FI,除了成熟企业的参与、转型,大幅增加的初创企业因不断产生潜在颠覆性技术而备受各类资本关注[21]。参考杨金玉等用瞪羚企业数量衡量创新溢出效应的做法[22],采用覆盖范围更广的En来动态衡量创新绩效。拥有发明专利很大程度上说明企业涉足了氢能领域,可作为统计氢能企业的一个依据,通过关键词检索Incopat数据库各年氢能发明专利,统计大陆地区相关企业,以香橙会数据做补充,经过数据清洗提高数据质量,计算得出En数据。
核心论文数量增长率(Pa)。借鉴Xu等[17]的研究,高水平论文能够衡量基础研究水平。以关键词检索Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED) 数据库的中国各年氢能论文数,剔除农业、医学、艺术等非相关类别,统计得到数据。
发明专利数量增长率(IP)。借鉴王宏起等[4]的研究,发明专利能够衡量国内氢能技术的创新活跃程度以及应用扩散情况,是常用的创新绩效衡量指标,可直接采用变量En中的各年份氢能发明专利数。
新产品数量增长率(Pr)。新产品数量常被用来衡量企业创新绩效,借鉴吴卫红等[23]的研究,结合HEI以燃料电池汽车(FCV)为主要新产品的特点,在香橙会和公开资料中统计FCV数量计算得出Pr数据。
基础设施数量增长率(In)。基础设施数量是衡量创新绩效的常用变量[24],加氢站作为HEI关键基础设施,其数量能够反映创新生态系统的发展状态,由香橙会和公开资料统计计算得出In数据。
PLS-SEM模型适合研究多个变量间复杂的因果关系结构问题,通过建立潜在变量,减少在政策收集和文本量化过程中因误差产生的影响,有助于构建理论框架或验证理论假设,对较小的样本量具有更好的稳定性和适用性[25]。
在SmartPLS软件中采用路径加权方案以便得到对内生变量具有较高解释度的结果。依次进行以下操作:
第一,使用PLS-SEM标准算法初步探索模型结构,基于原始数据快速获取路径系数以了解变量间的直接关系,初步把握模型,并检查质量标准。
第二,使用标准算法中的自助法进行显著性检验,将Bootstrap设置的子样本选项调至10000,成果数量更改为“完成(较慢)”,PLS设置选择路径加权方案,通过独立多个抽取原始样本对总体进行统计推断,以此增加结果的可靠性和稳健性,确定理论模型内的关系并非偶然因素或样本的特殊性所致,从而筛选出真正具有统计学意义的关系。
第三,综合衡量以上两种算法结果,调整模型变量及其间关系,直到得出能够互相印证的显著性结果。
由图3可知,局部与整体的耦合度分别为中级协调与初级协调,波动较小且相对稳定;协同度演变趋势高度一致,虽呈现阶段性缓慢上升趋势,但失调严重;受耦合度的积极影响,耦合协同水平在协同度的基础上略有改善。整体上各类耦合协同变量均呈现周期性波动上升的趋势,同步性强,按照实际演变情况和我国以5年为跨度的规划节奏,可划分为4个阶段。
1995-2010年,耦合协同水平波动小。局部耦合度中级协调,整体耦合度初级协调,协同度与耦合协同度趋势同步且均极度失调,后者数值略高。耦合度受益于政府对技术转化的重视,借奥运会、世博会等契机,发挥举国体制优势大力推动技术创新。但全球对氢能的认知有限,HEI刚刚起步,863计划、973计划以及电动汽车重大专项均以技术研发为中心,仅涉及少数研发主体、前瞻创业者和大企业,技术路线单一,应用前景未知,实施对象少,政策协同需求低。
2011-2015年,耦合协同水平在小幅提升后出现较大波动。局部耦合度维持中级协调,整体耦合度初级协调,协同度和耦合协同度先降后升,2012年出现波峰,2014年出现波谷,呈不完全恢复型波动,依次为极度失调和严重失调。由于全球气候变化和能源可持续问题凸显,国际对新能源的需求增大,我国开始重点布局FCVs领域,耦合度得以保持。但FCVs的研发难度更大、市场前景不明朗,政策实施对象有限,导致协同度仍失调严重。
2016-2020年,耦合协同水平的波动趋势与上一阶段基本一致,但幅度略大。局部和整体耦合度保持中级和初级协调未变,协同度从严重失调降为极度失调,耦合协同度先后为濒临失调和严重失调,在2018年波谷期甚至出现了短暂的极度失调。具备了一定的技术基础和示范应用经验,国家在“十三五”伊始便发布了一系列能源与产业规划,高密度布局新能源汽车产业,涉及推广应用、安全监管、税收优惠、准入管理、财政补贴等诸多方面,各层政策互动程度大幅提升,但因侧重点不同、主体利益诉求平衡困难以及信息沟通不畅等问题,导致各层政策协同度较低。
2021年至今,耦合协同水平和趋势与上一阶段前期十分相似。一方面,国内外HEI积累了一定的发展基础,在市场需求、基础设施、应用场景等方面形成了良好的商业环境,为政策制定提供了重要的现实基础和实施对象,耦合度得以保持;另一方面,中国政府积极践行“碳达峰、碳中和”承诺,将氢能视为关键技术路径,强烈的政府意志极大地推动了技术创新与产业化,全方位密集出台了各层相关政策,包括专项产业规划、资金扶持、税收优惠、基础设施建设、市场培育等众多方面,并规范地方发展,规避同质化竞争、盲目跟风和低水平建设,引导HEI健康有序发展。
检查初步得到路径系数、因子载荷系数、质量标准以及共线性统计,结果合理,调整前、后的创新绩效R方差分别为0.366和0.36,模型对数据的解释能力有限,符合我国市场与政府对产业都有影响的现实情况。
用Bootstrap方法进一步运行模型。发现潜在变量整体质量较高:质量标准数值全部显著;AVE值均大于0.6,组合信度均大于0.8,表明其与外源变量之间均能较好地互相解释;信度系数均大于0.9,表明其内部一致性高;大部分Cronbach's alpha值大于0.8,少数在0.7左右,说明模型具有较好的内部一致性;相关性的p值均显著。因此,理论模型合理,可以进一步研究。
除了内生变量y22、y32和y42因子载荷系数不显著,其余标准化路径系数与因子载荷系数都通过了显著性检验,参考相关文献[25],结合数值特点、因子载荷系数大小以及理论模型合理性,对其进行删除处理后,再次重复上述步骤,得到最终的潜在变量质量标准(表6)和因子载荷系数与标准化路径系数及显著性水平(图4),数据标准整体提升。此外,潜在变量的相关性p值均在0.001以下,说明潜在变量存在统计上的显著关联。
图4中,全部结果显著性均高,潜在变量ξ4至ξ7的R方差均大于0.95,说明其对数据的解释能力很强,ξ8的R方差略有上升,测量模型合理。一方面,路径系数均为正数,说明自变量与因变量之间均为正向影响,但在影响程度上呈现较大差异,需进一步比较研究。在“政策制定→局部耦合协同”路径部分,ξ3→ξ6、ξ3→ξ5、ξ2→ξ4、ξ1→ξ4、ξ1→ξ5、ξ2→ξ6依次降低,说明B层政策对局部耦合协同水平影响均最大,E层对E-B耦合协同的影响最小,差距较大,其余路径介于二者之间。在“局部耦合协同→整体耦合协同”路径部分,ξ5、ξ6、ξ4依次降低,说明影响程度按K-B、E-B和K-E的顺序递减。另一方面,外在权重整体分布相对均匀,外源变量均在0.2左右,K、E、B的极值分别为0.057、0.147和0.063,其中,x22和x24相对最大,x26和x36相对最小;内生变量y12的外在权重最小,其余权重均十分接近。
表7中,全部系数均显著。各层政策制定水平对创新绩效的总影响排序为B>K>E,说明政策影响力度依次降低,B层影响系数具有较明显优势,K层与E层则相差较小。从具体的间接影响看,在“政策制定水平→局部耦合协同水平→整体耦合协同水平→创新绩效”的传导路径上,“政策制定水平→局部耦合协同水平”是关键环节,对全路径具有决定性影响,由大到小依次为:
ξ3→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8:由B层发起并主导,强调改变B层政策制定水平对B与E层之间耦合协同水平的影响程度,是商业驱动型商创耦合协同路径;ξ3→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8:由B层主动牵引,促使其与K层紧密结合,强调改变B层政策制定水平对其与K层之间耦合协同水平的影响程度,是商业牵引型商知耦合协同路径;ξ1→ξ5→ξ7→ξ8:由K层主导推动其与B层之间的相互渗透和协同,K层对B层具有支撑和引领作用,是知识主导型知商耦合协同路径;ξ2→ξ6→ξ7→ξ8:E层作为催化剂,加速其与B层的融合与协同,促进创业的主体、行为和结果向规模商业化靠拢,是创业催化型创商耦合协同路径;ξ2→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8:E层助推促进其与K层的协同发展,强调创业对知识应用和转化的推动作用,是创业助推型创知耦合协同路径;ξ1→ξ4→ξ7→ξ8:K层为创业提供支撑,推动知识与创业的紧密结合,体现知识对创业的基础性和保障性作用,是知识支撑型知创耦合协同路径。
部门间协作程度决定政策的协同水平[5]。为此,根据图4中外在权重计算K、E和B层政策制定部门间边的权重,使用Gephi绘制部门关系网络图。为便于直观比较,保持全部设置一致,节点代表政策发布部门,边代表两个部门联合发布政策的强度,发现网络中绝大部分节点处于同一连接部件中,其余部件多为单一节点,过滤后按红橙黄绿青蓝紫顺序对节点加权度取色,并根据权重对节点大小排序,以衡量部门联合发布政策的强度,得到图5,可观察到以下几种情况:
整体上,K、E、B层的网络密度接近,依次为0.338、0.386和0.383;平均加权度依次为167.976、108.646和190.675,说明节点间连接的密度和强度由B、K、E依次递减;中共中央和国务院均独立于网络之外,且国务院节点相对较大,说明其单独制定较多宏观规划引导类政策。
各网络普遍呈现核心、中间与边缘的多核心层次性集群分布,集群程度由E、K到B层依次增强。第一,核心网络节点大、边粗,集中化结构明显,涵盖了绝大多数政策与合作关系。工信部、发改委、科技部和财政部在3个网络中均为核心节点,能源局在K、B网络中比较突出,共同主导了相应网络的战略走向和资源分配,是网络运行发展的关键驱动力。其中,工信部与发改委优势明显,发布政策数量最多、影响力最大,联合发文影响大,处于政策制定的绝对主导位置;科技部和能源局在节点大小、加权度等指标上表现突出,说明其政策发布的数量多、独立性较强,相比之下,财政部的这些指标稍逊一筹,但其特征向量中心性和中介中心性表现出色,说明其与众多重要部门联系紧密。第二,中间网络包含最多的部门,节点多且较大、边较粗,相对于核心层,这些部门较少涉及战略性政策制定,更倾向于对核心层战略进行支撑、保障和配合,E层网络相对最弱。其中,不同部门在各层面发挥的作用各异,如教育部在K层主要负责知识生产、人才培养相关活动,在E层侧重人才输送、创业辅助等活动,在B层则倾向于学术参与等商业性活动。第三,边缘网络节点偏小、边较细,网络结构相对分散,主要负责配合或跟随核心与中间部门共同发布政策[5],或单独发布影响范围与程度有限的政策,侧重于服务和监管。
政策制定的耦合协同水平影响FI创新绩效。在“知识—创业—商业”的框架下,按照“主体—行为—结果”逻辑梳理FI创新生态系统构成要素,研究政策的结构性耦合协同对创新绩效的传导路径,得到以下几点结论:
(1)各层政策耦合协同水平的提升对创新绩效均有积极影响。耦合协同水平均呈周期性波动上升趋势,同步性强,耦合度基本稳定在中级协调状态,协同度表现不佳。
(2)在“政策制定水平→局部耦合协同水平→整体耦合协同水平→创新绩效”的传导路径中,路径影响相差较大。政策制定水平影响局部耦合协同水平是关键路径环节,对全路径具有决定性影响,影响系数由大到小依次为:商业驱动型商创耦合协同、商业牵引型商知耦合协同、知识主导型知商耦合协同、创业催化型创商耦合协同、创业助推型创知耦合协同和知识支撑型知创耦合协同。
(3)各层政策网络普遍呈现“核心—中间—边缘”的多核心层次性集群分布,集群程度由E、K到B层依次增强。核心网络引领战略走向并主导资源分配,驱动网络运行发展,包括工信部、发改委、科技部和财政部,K、B两层还包括能源局;中间网络以支撑、保障和配合工作为主,边缘网络侧重于服务和监管工作。
第一,政府部门在制定政策时,应注重K、E和B层的耦合协同,尤其注重提升协同度,这已成为影响创新绩效的关键。各部门应在明确职责分工的基础上,加强沟通协作,围绕着重需要提升的层面设立共同、清晰的目标,并细化为可衡量的子目标,匹配相应的激励机制。在创新主体及其行为上,可建设对三个层面都有较大影响的主体加速各层合作对接,如孵化器、技术转移中心、产业研究院、科技园、产学研合作办公室等,充分发挥新型研发机构在资源融通方面的优势[18],加大成熟企业对知识生产和创业活动的投入力度等;在创新资源上,加强各层之间的资源流动,如知识成果转移、平台交流、人才输送、资金流通等。
第二,在满足技术与产业实际发展需要的前提下,应首先考虑B层政策对商创耦合协同的驱动作用和对商知耦合协同的牵引作用,尤其是产业布局、服务与监管和主体建设方面最为突出;其次,考虑K层政策对知商耦合协同的主导作用,重点制定主体、服务与监管、创新布局等方面政策;再次,考虑E层政策对创商耦合协同的催化作用和对创知耦合协同的助推作用,着重制定创业布局、监管与服务方面的政策;最后,考虑K层政策对知创耦合协同的支撑作用。
第三,应加强核心网络和中间网络建设,充分发挥核心网络的引领与主导作用、中间网络的支撑与配合作用。一是提升专业能力,通过定期培训、学习,及时更新知识信息,保证精准把握颠覆性技术、FI、经济以及社会等发展现状和趋势,填补政策真空,减少政策滞后、模糊、短视情况;二是强化核心网络战略引领,提升中间网络影响力,适当提升各层政策主要执行部门的地位,如K层的科技部、教育部、中科院等,B层的市场、金融等监管与服务类部门;三是在网络内部与网络之间建立高效沟通机制,如搭建定期沟通平台、推行信息标准化与规范化、联合开展政策研究项目、加强人员交流与培训、开展评估与反馈等,减少部门政策冲突,确保政策方向一致。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72174046)
  • 国家社会科学基金一般规划项目(24BGL051)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72404071)
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2026年第44卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-09
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18
  • 修回日期:2025-05-14
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72174046)
国家社会科学基金一般规划项目(24BGL051)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72404071)
作者信息
    哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080

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王宏起(1958-),男,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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