Article(id=1315372039494553698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1733241600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-04, revisedDate=1739116800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791538732646, onlineDateStr=2026-10-09, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791538732646, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791538732646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791538732646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315372022658613552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='449', pageEnd='672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791538728624, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791538856865, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315372560565523080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315372560569717385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1315372022658613552, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=541, endPage=557, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315372039939149923, articleId=1315372039494553698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Coordinated development and driving mechanism of higher education and science and technology, columnId=1309226307540574209, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Theories and Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Higher education (HE) and science and technology (S&T) are subsystems within the broader framework of economic and social development. HE serves as the primary arena for talent cultivation and human capital output, as well as a key venue for the aggregation of scientific and technological resources. Through activities such as teaching, research, and social services, HE continuously contributes talent, ideas, and outcomes to scientific progress. Simultaneously, the advancement of HE relies on the support of scientific resources and achievements to enhance its capacity, standards, and quality. Consequently, the interactive process between HE and S&T forms an open and complex system in which various elements mutually empower and coordinate with one another. Based on a deconstruction of the mechanisms underlying the coordinated development of HE and S&T, this paper employs a coupling coordination degree model, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and spatial econometric methods to analyze the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of HE-S&T coordination in China from 2010 to 2022. It also examines the spatial effects of driving factors, offering insights to promote coordinated HE-S&T development and providing a reference for global strategies toward sustainable, innovation-driven growth. The study finds that: (1) In terms of temporal evolution, the national HE-S&T coordination in China has transitioned from “moderate imbalance” to “mild imbalance” and finally to “on the verge of imbalance,” with the overall coordination level steadily increasing; (2) At the level of China's four major regions, the spatial disparities in the coordination between HE and S&T are pronounced, exhibiting an overall pattern of “eastern region leading, central region catching up, northeastern region stagnating, and western region lagging,” along with an evolutionary trend marked by “the eastern region transitioning toward high coordination while the western region increasingly departs from a balanced state.” At the provincial level, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong stand out as exemplary provinces of high coordination; (3) Concerning spatial disparities, the overall differences in the coupling coordination degree between HE and S&T in China are gradually narrowing, with the imbalance mainly attributable to inter-regional differences—most notably between the eastern and western regions, while the gap between the central and northeastern regions remains minimal. Narrowing the disparities between the eastern and western regions is key to addressing the overall imbalance in HE-S&T coordination; (4) In terms of spatial association, HE-S&T coordination exhibits a strong positive spatial correlation with significant positive spillover effects among provinces; (5) Analysis of the driving mechanisms indicates that for direct effects, population density and openness exert a positive influence on regional HE-S&T coordination, whereas the direct effects of economic development, infrastructure, industrial structure, and urbanization are not statistically significant. In contrast, concerning indirect effects, infrastructure and openness generate positive spatial spillovers, while urbanization produces negative spillover effects. Accordingly, it is recommended that: (1) Policies for HE and S&T be coordinated to enhance their integration; (2) Cross-regional development linkages and coordination mechanisms be established to leverage the spatial spillover effects of high-coordination provinces and cities; (3) Regional differences be acknowledged, with HE-S&T coordinated development promoted by local conditions; and (4) A favorable external environment be cultivated to drive the deep integration of HE and S&T.

, authors=Rui-xue ZHAO, Ji-an LIU, Yan-ru XU, Yu YOU, authorsList=Rui-xue ZHAO, Ji-an LIU, Yan-ru XU, Yu YOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan-ru XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315372044414472309, articleId=1315372039494553698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=科教协调发展时空特征及驱动机制研究, columnId=1309226307683180547, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=理论与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

高等教育与科学技术作为经济社会发展系统中的子系统,二者相互赋能、协调共进是高质量发展的内在要求,也是一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养的关键一环。在解构高等教育与科学技术协调发展机理的基础上,运用耦合协调度模型、Dagum基尼系数与空间计量方法,剖析2010-2022年我国高等教育与科学技术协调发展的时空特征及驱动因素。研究发现:(1)时序演变上,我国高等教育与科学技术协调度在全国层面上经历了“中度失调—轻度失调—濒临失调”演变历程,协调水平稳步上升;(2)空间格局上,四大区域层面高等教育与科学技术协调度的空间差异明显,呈现“东部领先、中部追赶、东北停滞、西部落后”整体格局和“东部高协调转型、西部脱离失调”的演变趋势,省域层面以“北京—上海—江苏—广东”为高协调示范节点;(3)空间差异上,区域间差异是协调度总体差异的主要来源;(4)空间关联上,高等教育与科学技术协调度具有较强的空间正相关关系,且在省域之间具有正向空间溢出效应;(5)驱动机制分析显示,人口密度和对外开放对本地区高等教育与科学技术的协调发展具有正向驱动作用,基础设施和对外开放产生正向空间溢出效应,城镇化水平产生负向空间溢出效应。

, authors=赵瑞雪, 刘继安, 徐艳茹, 尤宇, authorsList=赵瑞雪, 刘继安, 徐艳茹, 尤宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐艳茹, authorNote=

赵瑞雪(1995-),女,博士研究生。

刘继安(1968-),女,教授。

尤宇(1996-),男,博士研究生。

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徐艳茹(1991-),女,副教授, E-mail: 。
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赵瑞雪(1995-),女,博士研究生。

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赵瑞雪(1995-),女,博士研究生。

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刘继安(1968-),女,教授。

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刘继安(1968-),女,教授。

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尤宇(1996-),男,博士研究生。

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尤宇(1996-),男,博士研究生。

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Management Review, 2023, 35(6):3-14., articleTitle=Transportation and communication infrastructures:Development,regional disparities and economic effects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315372067025965310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=17, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=61, authorNames=王志鹏, 李子奈, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志鹏, 李子奈. 外资对中国工业企业生产效率的影响研究[J]. 管理世界, 2003(4):17-25., articleTitle=外资对中国工业企业生产效率的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315372067135017215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=17, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Wang Z P, Li Z N, journalName=Journal of Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z P, Li Z N. 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Journal of Management World, 2003(4):17-25., articleTitle=Research on the impact of foreign investment on the production efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315372067197931776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=41, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=63, authorNames=邓创, 曹子雯, journalName=教育与经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓创, 曹子雯. 中国教育发展的区域不平衡特征与优化路径[J]. 教育与经济, 2022, 38(3):41-50., articleTitle=中国教育发展的区域不平衡特征与优化路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315372067260846337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=41, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Deng C, Cao Z W, journalName=Education & Economy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng C, Cao Z W. Regional unbalance and optimization path of China’s education development[J]. Education & Economy, 2022, 38(3):41-50., articleTitle=Regional unbalance and optimization path of China’s education development, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1315372053805519038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, awardId=24&ZD174, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重大项目(24&ZD174), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315372045052006518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372045060395127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, companyId=1315372045052006518, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315372045068783736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, companyId=1315372045052006518, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315372048428421272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mechanism of coupling and coordination between HE and S&T, figureFileSmall=GJKQdKVu+baBBBSWQmDB8g==, figureFileBig=4lIRp4JDNkAQt4ZzOz10CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048516501657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HE—S&T耦合协调发展机理, figureFileSmall=GJKQdKVu+baBBBSWQmDB8g==, figureFileBig=4lIRp4JDNkAQt4ZzOz10CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048722022554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of the average development levels of HE and S&T in each province and municipality from 2010 to 2022, figureFileSmall=C8paL2i7cCmovxhLceBL7Q==, figureFileBig=3WMJuJ3vyXSyec9HaSg/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048789131419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2010-2022年各省市HE与S&T发展水平均值分布, figureFileSmall=C8paL2i7cCmovxhLceBL7Q==, figureFileBig=3WMJuJ3vyXSyec9HaSg/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048860434588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Overall characteristics of HE and S&T development in China from 2010 to 2022, figureFileSmall=R6lGYFzZXp060feElQqPhw==, figureFileBig=sJr61IKCjqOgJmZCa7zRyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048923349149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2010-2022年全国HE—S&T发展整体特征, figureFileSmall=R6lGYFzZXp060feElQqPhw==, figureFileBig=sJr61IKCjqOgJmZCa7zRyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372048994652318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Characteristics of HE level, S&T level, and coordinated development in the four major regions from 2010 to 2022, figureFileSmall=4guK6JEBDk9kfKD1d1rXNw==, figureFileBig=TKLjy1PTlPqXkB79Uo8pYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049086927007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2010-2022年四大区域HE、S&T水平和二者协调发展特征, figureFileSmall=4guK6JEBDk9kfKD1d1rXNw==, figureFileBig=TKLjy1PTlPqXkB79Uo8pYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049149841568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Changes in regional differences in the coordinated development of HE and S&T in China and the four major regions, figureFileSmall=khigHsnJxwB0Uy5vgzcoHw==, figureFileBig=Fpd2p8xsQm3vICKSBXWlxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049221144737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图5, caption=全国及四大区HE—S&T协调发展区域间差异变化情况, figureFileSmall=khigHsnJxwB0Uy5vgzcoHw==, figureFileBig=Fpd2p8xsQm3vICKSBXWlxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049292447906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Changes in intra-regional differences in the coordinated development of HE and S&T in China and the four major regions, figureFileSmall=eCckINp5eGuKZZbXvIGSkQ==, figureFileBig=TqBQLSlSsEwnWNpTTRHSlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049363751075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图6, caption=全国及四大区域HE—S&T协调发展区域内差异变化情况, figureFileSmall=eCckINp5eGuKZZbXvIGSkQ==, figureFileBig=TqBQLSlSsEwnWNpTTRHSlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049447637156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Decomposition of the sources of regional differences in the coupling and coordination level of HE and S&T, figureFileSmall=EbeAiYSTEp6nvz/U83cZgw==, figureFileBig=cM7of7rWZhBLcq0UdJqXyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049548300453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=图7, caption=HE—S&T耦合协调水平区域差异来源分解, figureFileSmall=EbeAiYSTEp6nvz/U83cZgw==, figureFileBig=cM7of7rWZhBLcq0UdJqXyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315372049669935270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Figure 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Evaluation index system for the development level of HE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主指标 一级指标 二级指标 单位 属性 指标权重
HE发展水平 教育资源 高等教育专任教师数 人 正向 0.0211
专任教师中副高及以上占比 % 正向 0.0169
高校生均固定资产总值 万元 正向 0.0219
高校生均教育经费支出 元 正向 0.0199
人才培养 每万人本专科在校生数 人 正向 0.0114
每万人研究生在校生数 人 正向 0.0721
每年毕业本专科生数 人 正向 0.0235
每年毕业研究生数 人 正向 0.0369
科学研究 高校发表论文数量 篇 正向 0.0314
高校出版科技著作 种 正向 0.0300
高校研究与开发课题项目 项 正向 0.0335
高校国家级科技成果获奖数 项 正向 0.0868
社会服务 就业人员中接受高等教育占比 % 正向 0.0272
高校技术转让当年实际收入 千元 正向 0.0817
高校专利所有权转让及许可数 件 正向 0.1009
高校专利所有权转让及许可收入 万元 正向 0.1147
国际交流 高校形成国家或行业标准数 项 正向 0.1149
国际合作研究派遣人次 人次 正向 0.0426
国际合作研究接收人次 人次 正向 0.0544
国际学术会议交流论文 篇 正向 0.0579
), ArticleFig(id=1315372049917399209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HE发展水平评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主指标 一级指标 二级指标 单位 属性 指标权重
HE发展水平 教育资源 高等教育专任教师数 人 正向 0.0211
专任教师中副高及以上占比 % 正向 0.0169
高校生均固定资产总值 万元 正向 0.0219
高校生均教育经费支出 元 正向 0.0199
人才培养 每万人本专科在校生数 人 正向 0.0114
每万人研究生在校生数 人 正向 0.0721
每年毕业本专科生数 人 正向 0.0235
每年毕业研究生数 人 正向 0.0369
科学研究 高校发表论文数量 篇 正向 0.0314
高校出版科技著作 种 正向 0.0300
高校研究与开发课题项目 项 正向 0.0335
高校国家级科技成果获奖数 项 正向 0.0868
社会服务 就业人员中接受高等教育占比 % 正向 0.0272
高校技术转让当年实际收入 千元 正向 0.0817
高校专利所有权转让及许可数 件 正向 0.1009
高校专利所有权转让及许可收入 万元 正向 0.1147
国际交流 高校形成国家或行业标准数 项 正向 0.1149
国际合作研究派遣人次 人次 正向 0.0426
国际合作研究接收人次 人次 正向 0.0544
国际学术会议交流论文 篇 正向 0.0579
), ArticleFig(id=1315372050009673898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Evaluation index system for the development level of S&T

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主指标 一级指标 二级指标 单位 属性 指标权重
S&T发展水平 科技资源 研究与开发人员全时当量 人年 正向 0.0875
研究与开发投入强度 % 正向 0.0445
科技支出强度 % 正向 0.0522
研究与开发经费内部支出 万元 正向 0.0950
科技成果 技术引进合同数 项 正向 0.1395
三大专利申请授权数 件 正向 0.1235
新产品销售收入占比 % 正向 0.0264
高技术产品出口总额 万元 正向 0.2162
高新技术产业收入占GDP比重 % 正向 0.0522
技术市场成交额 万元 正向 0.1629
), ArticleFig(id=1315372050085171371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

S&T发展水平评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主指标 一级指标 二级指标 单位 属性 指标权重
S&T发展水平 科技资源 研究与开发人员全时当量 人年 正向 0.0875
研究与开发投入强度 % 正向 0.0445
科技支出强度 % 正向 0.0522
研究与开发经费内部支出 万元 正向 0.0950
科技成果 技术引进合同数 项 正向 0.1395
三大专利申请授权数 件 正向 0.1235
新产品销售收入占比 % 正向 0.0264
高技术产品出口总额 万元 正向 0.2162
高新技术产业收入占GDP比重 % 正向 0.0522
技术市场成交额 万元 正向 0.1629
), ArticleFig(id=1315372051720949932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Calculation methods for driving factor variables

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变量名称 测算方法
人口密度(HUM) 每平方公里人口数(人/km2)
经济发展水平(EC) 人均GDP(元)
基础设施水平(INFRA) (公路里程+铁路里程)(公里)/行政区划面积(平方公里)
对外开放程度(OPEN) 进出口总额(亿元)/GDP(亿元)
产业结构(INDSTR) 第三产业增加值(亿元)/第二产业增加值(亿元)
城镇化水平(URBAN) 城镇人口/区域总人口
), ArticleFig(id=1315372051809030317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

驱动因素变量计算方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 测算方法
人口密度(HUM) 每平方公里人口数(人/km2)
经济发展水平(EC) 人均GDP(元)
基础设施水平(INFRA) (公路里程+铁路里程)(公里)/行政区划面积(平方公里)
对外开放程度(OPEN) 进出口总额(亿元)/GDP(亿元)
产业结构(INDSTR) 第三产业增加值(亿元)/第二产业增加值(亿元)
城镇化水平(URBAN) 城镇人口/区域总人口
), ArticleFig(id=1315372051905499310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Classification criteria for coupling and coordination degree

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失调衰退类 协调发展类
耦合协调度D 协调等级 耦合协调度D 协调等级
0<D≤0.1 极度失调 0.5<D≤0.6 勉强协调
0.1<D≤0.2 严重失调 0.6<D≤0.7 初级协调
0.2<D≤0.3 中度失调 0.7<D≤0.8 中级协调
0.3<D≤0.4 轻度失调 0.8<D≤0.9 良好协调
0.4<D≤0.5 濒临失调 0.9<D≤1.00 优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052094242991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

耦合协调度等级划分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
失调衰退类 协调发展类
耦合协调度D 协调等级 耦合协调度D 协调等级
0<D≤0.1 极度失调 0.5<D≤0.6 勉强协调
0.1<D≤0.2 严重失调 0.6<D≤0.7 初级协调
0.2<D≤0.3 中度失调 0.7<D≤0.8 中级协调
0.3<D≤0.4 轻度失调 0.8<D≤0.9 良好协调
0.4<D≤0.5 濒临失调 0.9<D≤1.00 优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052190711984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Coupling and coordination degree of HE and S&T development in each province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 省份 年份 年均增幅
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
东部地区 北京 0.5922 0.6162 0.6272 0.6636 0.6826 0.6811 0.7562 2.06%
天津 0.3405 0.3562 0.3709 0.3649 0.3670 0.3878 0.3953 1.25%
河北 0.2168 0.2384 0.2512 0.2649 0.2891 0.3236 0.3576 4.26%
上海 0.5026 0.5241 0.5178 0.5238 0.5880 0.5441 0.6223 1.79%
江苏 0.4639 0.5532 0.5865 0.6046 0.6320 0.6615 0.7393 3.96%
浙江 0.3715 0.3869 0.4010 0.4373 0.4736 0.5361 0.5970 4.03%
福建 0.2594 0.2854 0.3103 0.3410 0.3363 0.3521 0.3964 3.60%
山东 0.3614 0.3728 0.4071 0.4010 0.4392 0.4978 0.5888 4.15%
广东 0.4488 0.4542 0.5024 0.5506 0.6074 0.6713 0.6975 3.74%
海南 0.1204 0.1474 0.1492 0.1446 0.1564 0.1825 0.2124 4.85%
均值 0.3678 0.3935 0.4123 0.4296 0.4572 0.4838 0.5363 3.19%
中部地区 山西 0.1802 0.1885 0.2080 0.2067 0.2305 0.2455 0.2818 3.80%
安徽 0.2699 0.3175 0.3281 0.3621 0.3742 0.3852 0.4486 4.33%
江西 0.2089 0.2253 0.2470 0.2738 0.2973 0.3439 0.3635 4.72%
河南 0.2437 0.2690 0.3389 0.3558 0.3911 0.3932 0.4341 4.93%
湖北 0.3180 0.3358 0.3594 0.3933 0.4232 0.4315 0.5267 4.29%
湖南 0.2608 0.2907 0.3084 0.3184 0.3649 0.4048 0.4474 4.60%
均值 0.2469 0.2711 0.2983 0.3184 0.3469 0.3674 0.4170 4.46%
东北地区 辽宁 0.3331 0.3361 0.3264 0.3280 0.3563 0.3443 0.3829 1.17%
吉林 0.2490 0.2796 0.2674 0.2573 0.2584 0.2796 0.2691 0.65%
黑龙江 0.2313 0.2535 0.2593 0.2642 0.2438 0.2687 0.3013 2.22%
均值 0.2711 0.2897 0.2844 0.2832 0.2862 0.2976 0.3177 1.33%
西北地区 内蒙古 0.1451 0.1646 0.1682 0.1897 0.2095 0.1959 0.2289 3.87%
广西 0.1696 0.1974 0.2057 0.2099 0.2230 0.2343 0.2694 3.93%
重庆 0.2610 0.2733 0.2984 0.3293 0.3389 0.3594 0.3927 3.46%
四川 0.3129 0.3256 0.3446 0.3579 0.4118 0.4205 0.4676 3.41%
贵州 0.1518 0.1681 0.1794 0.1910 0.2160 0.2284 0.2447 4.06%
云南 0.1765 0.1860 0.1921 0.1978 0.2110 0.2304 0.2493 2.92%
陕西 0.2861 0.2974 0.3188 0.3402 0.3717 0.4004 0.4803 4.41%
甘肃 0.1712 0.1958 0.1973 0.2107 0.2291 0.2204 0.2423 2.94%
青海 0.1261 0.1403 0.1373 0.1613 0.2260 0.1774 0.2106 4.37%
宁夏 0.1592 0.1642 0.1805 0.2045 0.2207 0.2237 0.2437 3.61%
新疆 0.1543 0.1461 0.1489 0.1856 0.1725 0.1573 0.1706 0.84%
均值 0.1922 0.2053 0.2156 0.2344 0.2573 0.2589 0.2909 3.52%
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052278792369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各省份HE—S&T发展耦合协调度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 省份 年份 年均增幅
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
东部地区 北京 0.5922 0.6162 0.6272 0.6636 0.6826 0.6811 0.7562 2.06%
天津 0.3405 0.3562 0.3709 0.3649 0.3670 0.3878 0.3953 1.25%
河北 0.2168 0.2384 0.2512 0.2649 0.2891 0.3236 0.3576 4.26%
上海 0.5026 0.5241 0.5178 0.5238 0.5880 0.5441 0.6223 1.79%
江苏 0.4639 0.5532 0.5865 0.6046 0.6320 0.6615 0.7393 3.96%
浙江 0.3715 0.3869 0.4010 0.4373 0.4736 0.5361 0.5970 4.03%
福建 0.2594 0.2854 0.3103 0.3410 0.3363 0.3521 0.3964 3.60%
山东 0.3614 0.3728 0.4071 0.4010 0.4392 0.4978 0.5888 4.15%
广东 0.4488 0.4542 0.5024 0.5506 0.6074 0.6713 0.6975 3.74%
海南 0.1204 0.1474 0.1492 0.1446 0.1564 0.1825 0.2124 4.85%
均值 0.3678 0.3935 0.4123 0.4296 0.4572 0.4838 0.5363 3.19%
中部地区 山西 0.1802 0.1885 0.2080 0.2067 0.2305 0.2455 0.2818 3.80%
安徽 0.2699 0.3175 0.3281 0.3621 0.3742 0.3852 0.4486 4.33%
江西 0.2089 0.2253 0.2470 0.2738 0.2973 0.3439 0.3635 4.72%
河南 0.2437 0.2690 0.3389 0.3558 0.3911 0.3932 0.4341 4.93%
湖北 0.3180 0.3358 0.3594 0.3933 0.4232 0.4315 0.5267 4.29%
湖南 0.2608 0.2907 0.3084 0.3184 0.3649 0.4048 0.4474 4.60%
均值 0.2469 0.2711 0.2983 0.3184 0.3469 0.3674 0.4170 4.46%
东北地区 辽宁 0.3331 0.3361 0.3264 0.3280 0.3563 0.3443 0.3829 1.17%
吉林 0.2490 0.2796 0.2674 0.2573 0.2584 0.2796 0.2691 0.65%
黑龙江 0.2313 0.2535 0.2593 0.2642 0.2438 0.2687 0.3013 2.22%
均值 0.2711 0.2897 0.2844 0.2832 0.2862 0.2976 0.3177 1.33%
西北地区 内蒙古 0.1451 0.1646 0.1682 0.1897 0.2095 0.1959 0.2289 3.87%
广西 0.1696 0.1974 0.2057 0.2099 0.2230 0.2343 0.2694 3.93%
重庆 0.2610 0.2733 0.2984 0.3293 0.3389 0.3594 0.3927 3.46%
四川 0.3129 0.3256 0.3446 0.3579 0.4118 0.4205 0.4676 3.41%
贵州 0.1518 0.1681 0.1794 0.1910 0.2160 0.2284 0.2447 4.06%
云南 0.1765 0.1860 0.1921 0.1978 0.2110 0.2304 0.2493 2.92%
陕西 0.2861 0.2974 0.3188 0.3402 0.3717 0.4004 0.4803 4.41%
甘肃 0.1712 0.1958 0.1973 0.2107 0.2291 0.2204 0.2423 2.94%
青海 0.1261 0.1403 0.1373 0.1613 0.2260 0.1774 0.2106 4.37%
宁夏 0.1592 0.1642 0.1805 0.2045 0.2207 0.2237 0.2437 3.61%
新疆 0.1543 0.1461 0.1489 0.1856 0.1725 0.1573 0.1706 0.84%
均值 0.1922 0.2053 0.2156 0.2344 0.2573 0.2589 0.2909 3.52%
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052505284786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Spatiotemporal evolution pattern of the coupling and coordination between HE and S&T in each province and municipality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调等级 2010年 2016年 2022年
严重失调 海南、山西、内蒙古、广西、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆 海南、内蒙古、贵州、云南、青海、新疆 新疆
中度失调 河北、福建、安徽、江西、河南、湖南、吉林、黑龙江、重庆、陕西 河北、山西、江西、吉林、黑龙江、广西、甘肃、宁夏 海南、山西、吉林、内蒙古、广西、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏
轻度失调 天津、浙江、山东、湖北、辽宁、四川 天津、福建、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南、辽宁、重庆、四川、陕西 天津、河北、福建、江西、辽宁、黑龙江、重庆
濒临失调 江苏、广东 浙江、山东 安徽、河南、湖南、四川、陕西
勉强协调 北京、上海 上海、广东 浙江、山东、湖北
初级协调 / 北京、江苏 上海、广东
中级协调 / / 北京、江苏
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052580782259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各省市HE与S&T耦合协调时空演化格局

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调等级 2010年 2016年 2022年
严重失调 海南、山西、内蒙古、广西、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆 海南、内蒙古、贵州、云南、青海、新疆 新疆
中度失调 河北、福建、安徽、江西、河南、湖南、吉林、黑龙江、重庆、陕西 河北、山西、江西、吉林、黑龙江、广西、甘肃、宁夏 海南、山西、吉林、内蒙古、广西、贵州、云南、甘肃、青海、宁夏
轻度失调 天津、浙江、山东、湖北、辽宁、四川 天津、福建、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南、辽宁、重庆、四川、陕西 天津、河北、福建、江西、辽宁、黑龙江、重庆
濒临失调 江苏、广东 浙江、山东 安徽、河南、湖南、四川、陕西
勉强协调 北京、上海 上海、广东 浙江、山东、湖北
初级协调 / 北京、江苏 上海、广东
中级协调 / / 北京、江苏
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052668862644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Global Moran's I index of the coupling and coordination degree between HE and S&T

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Moran's I sd(I) Z P-value
2010 0.267 0.118 2.543 0.005
2011 0.294 0.118 2.788 0.003
2012 0.322 0.118 3.019 0.001
2013 0.345 0.119 3.188 0.001
2014 0.323 0.119 3.002 0.001
2015 0.306 0.119 2.861 0.002
2016 0.295 0.119 2.775 0.003
2017 0.293 0.120 2.731 0.003
2018 0.271 0.119 2.558 0.005
2019 0.297 0.120 2.763 0.003
2020 0.312 0.120 2.890 0.002
2021 0.313 0.120 2.888 0.002
2022 0.330 0.121 3.018 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052756943029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

HE与S&T耦合协调度的全局莫兰指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Moran's I sd(I) Z P-value
2010 0.267 0.118 2.543 0.005
2011 0.294 0.118 2.788 0.003
2012 0.322 0.118 3.019 0.001
2013 0.345 0.119 3.188 0.001
2014 0.323 0.119 3.002 0.001
2015 0.306 0.119 2.861 0.002
2016 0.295 0.119 2.775 0.003
2017 0.293 0.120 2.731 0.003
2018 0.271 0.119 2.558 0.005
2019 0.297 0.120 2.763 0.003
2020 0.312 0.120 2.890 0.002
2021 0.313 0.120 2.888 0.002
2022 0.330 0.121 3.018 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052849217718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Test results of the spatial panel model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验方法 结果
LM-Error 7.552***
Robust-LM-Error 22.991***
LM-Lag 20.826***
Robust-LM-Lag 36.266***
LR-Error 53.67***
LR-Lag 51.65***
Wald-Error 57.16***
Wald-Lag 54.56***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372052924715191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

空间面板模型检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验方法 结果
LM-Error 7.552***
Robust-LM-Error 22.991***
LM-Lag 20.826***
Robust-LM-Lag 36.266***
LR-Error 53.67***
LR-Lag 51.65***
Wald-Error 57.16***
Wald-Lag 54.56***
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053016989880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Estimation results of the Spatial Durbin Model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 系数 变量 系数
HUM 0.2626***(0.0441) W×HUM -0.4248**(0.1992)
EC 0.0059(0.0045) W×EC 0.0172(0.0162)
INFRA 0.0063(0.0158) W×INFRA 0.3735***(0.0866)
OPEN 0.0170***(0.0049) W×OPEN 0.0573**(0.0230)
INDSTR -0.0010(0.0080) W×INDSTR 0.0321(0.0233)
URBAN 0.0002(0.0008) W×URBAN -0.0041*(0.0023)
ρ 0.4332***
R-squared 0.7649
N 390
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053113458873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

空间杜宾模型估计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 系数 变量 系数
HUM 0.2626***(0.0441) W×HUM -0.4248**(0.1992)
EC 0.0059(0.0045) W×EC 0.0172(0.0162)
INFRA 0.0063(0.0158) W×INFRA 0.3735***(0.0866)
OPEN 0.0170***(0.0049) W×OPEN 0.0573**(0.0230)
INDSTR -0.0010(0.0080) W×INDSTR 0.0321(0.0233)
URBAN 0.0002(0.0008) W×URBAN -0.0041*(0.0023)
ρ 0.4332***
R-squared 0.7649
N 390
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053197344954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Direct, indirect, and total effects of the Spatial Durbin Model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 直接效应 间接效应 总效应
系数 Z值 系数 Z值 系数 Z值
HUM 0.2535***
(0.0437)
5.79 -0.5464
(0.3437)
-1.59 -0.2929
(0.3396)
-0.86
EC 0.0063
(0.0044)
1.44 0.0333
(0.0279)
1.19 0.0396
(0.0292)
1.36
INFRA 0.0213
(0.0167)
1.27 0.6741***
(0.1865)
3.62 0.6954***
(0.1949)
3.57
OPEN 0.0192***
(0.0047)
4.12 0.1124***
(0.0409)
2.75 0.1316***
(0.0415)
3.17
INDSTR 0.0001
(0.0080)
0.01 0.0556
(0.0418)
1.33 0.0557
(0.0441)
1.26
URBAN 0.0001
(0.0008)
0.06 -0.0074*
(0.0045)
-1.65 -0.0073*
(0.0045)
-1.65
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053360922811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

空间杜宾模型的直接效应、间接效应和总效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 直接效应 间接效应 总效应
系数 Z值 系数 Z值 系数 Z值
HUM 0.2535***
(0.0437)
5.79 -0.5464
(0.3437)
-1.59 -0.2929
(0.3396)
-0.86
EC 0.0063
(0.0044)
1.44 0.0333
(0.0279)
1.19 0.0396
(0.0292)
1.36
INFRA 0.0213
(0.0167)
1.27 0.6741***
(0.1865)
3.62 0.6954***
(0.1949)
3.57
OPEN 0.0192***
(0.0047)
4.12 0.1124***
(0.0409)
2.75 0.1316***
(0.0415)
3.17
INDSTR 0.0001
(0.0080)
0.01 0.0556
(0.0418)
1.33 0.0557
(0.0441)
1.26
URBAN 0.0001
(0.0008)
0.06 -0.0074*
(0.0045)
-1.65 -0.0073*
(0.0045)
-1.65
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053457391804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Test results of different types of weight matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地理距离权重矩阵 邻接矩阵 经济距离矩阵
SAR SEM SAR SEM SDM SAR SEM SDM
HUM 0.2881*** 0.2986*** 0.2608*** 0.2774*** 0.2829*** 0.3000*** 0.2752*** 0.3324***
EC 0.0085* 0.0088* 0.0074* 0.0072 0.0031 0.0122** 0.0126** 0.0106**
INFRA 0.0003 0.0010 -0.0122 -0.0210 -0.0344** -0.0059 -0.0202 -0.0299
OPEN 0.024*** 0.0246*** 0.0229*** 0.0195*** 0.0007 0.0293*** 0.0252*** 0.0255***
INDSTR -0.0020 -0.0013 -0.0045 -0.0042 -0.0030 0.0168*** 0.0353*** 0.0219**
URBAN -0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0005 -0.0014* 0.0027*** 0.0048*** 0.0021
ρ 0.2653* 0.2385*** 0.1397** 0.3849*** 0.3039***
λ 0.1533 0.2380*** 0.4229***
R-squared 0.4000 0.3485 0.3449 0.3292 0.7839 0.7236 0.7013 0.7417
sigma2_e 0.0005*** 0.0005*** 0.0004*** 0.0004*** 0.0003*** 0.0005*** 0.0005*** 0.0005***
N 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390
), ArticleFig(id=1315372053537083581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1315372039494553698, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

不同类型权重矩阵检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地理距离权重矩阵 邻接矩阵 经济距离矩阵
SAR SEM SAR SEM SDM SAR SEM SDM
HUM 0.2881*** 0.2986*** 0.2608*** 0.2774*** 0.2829*** 0.3000*** 0.2752*** 0.3324***
EC 0.0085* 0.0088* 0.0074* 0.0072 0.0031 0.0122** 0.0126** 0.0106**
INFRA 0.0003 0.0010 -0.0122 -0.0210 -0.0344** -0.0059 -0.0202 -0.0299
OPEN 0.024*** 0.0246*** 0.0229*** 0.0195*** 0.0007 0.0293*** 0.0252*** 0.0255***
INDSTR -0.0020 -0.0013 -0.0045 -0.0042 -0.0030 0.0168*** 0.0353*** 0.0219**
URBAN -0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0005 -0.0014* 0.0027*** 0.0048*** 0.0021
ρ 0.2653* 0.2385*** 0.1397** 0.3849*** 0.3039***
λ 0.1533 0.2380*** 0.4229***
R-squared 0.4000 0.3485 0.3449 0.3292 0.7839 0.7236 0.7013 0.7417
sigma2_e 0.0005*** 0.0005*** 0.0004*** 0.0004*** 0.0003*** 0.0005*** 0.0005*** 0.0005***
N 390 390 390 390 390 390 390 390
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科教协调发展时空特征及驱动机制研究
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赵瑞雪 , 刘继安 , 徐艳茹 , 尤宇
科学学研究 | 理论与方法 2026,44(3): 541-557
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科学学研究 |理论与方法 2026 , 44 (3) : 541 -557
科教协调发展时空特征及驱动机制研究
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赵瑞雪, 刘继安, 徐艳茹 , 尤宇
作者信息
  • 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190
通讯作者:
徐艳茹(1991-),女,副教授, E-mail: 。
作者简介:

赵瑞雪(1995-),女,博士研究生。

刘继安(1968-),女,教授。

尤宇(1996-),男,博士研究生。

Coordinated development and driving mechanism of higher education and science and technology
Rui-xue ZHAO, Ji-an LIU, Yan-ru XU , Yu YOU
Affiliations
  • School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15
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高等教育与科学技术作为经济社会发展系统中的子系统,二者相互赋能、协调共进是高质量发展的内在要求,也是一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养的关键一环。在解构高等教育与科学技术协调发展机理的基础上,运用耦合协调度模型、Dagum基尼系数与空间计量方法,剖析2010-2022年我国高等教育与科学技术协调发展的时空特征及驱动因素。研究发现:(1)时序演变上,我国高等教育与科学技术协调度在全国层面上经历了“中度失调—轻度失调—濒临失调”演变历程,协调水平稳步上升;(2)空间格局上,四大区域层面高等教育与科学技术协调度的空间差异明显,呈现“东部领先、中部追赶、东北停滞、西部落后”整体格局和“东部高协调转型、西部脱离失调”的演变趋势,省域层面以“北京—上海—江苏—广东”为高协调示范节点;(3)空间差异上,区域间差异是协调度总体差异的主要来源;(4)空间关联上,高等教育与科学技术协调度具有较强的空间正相关关系,且在省域之间具有正向空间溢出效应;(5)驱动机制分析显示,人口密度和对外开放对本地区高等教育与科学技术的协调发展具有正向驱动作用,基础设施和对外开放产生正向空间溢出效应,城镇化水平产生负向空间溢出效应。

科学技术  /  高等教育  /  耦合协调  /  时空特征  /  驱动因素

Higher education (HE) and science and technology (S&T) are subsystems within the broader framework of economic and social development. HE serves as the primary arena for talent cultivation and human capital output, as well as a key venue for the aggregation of scientific and technological resources. Through activities such as teaching, research, and social services, HE continuously contributes talent, ideas, and outcomes to scientific progress. Simultaneously, the advancement of HE relies on the support of scientific resources and achievements to enhance its capacity, standards, and quality. Consequently, the interactive process between HE and S&T forms an open and complex system in which various elements mutually empower and coordinate with one another. Based on a deconstruction of the mechanisms underlying the coordinated development of HE and S&T, this paper employs a coupling coordination degree model, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and spatial econometric methods to analyze the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of HE-S&T coordination in China from 2010 to 2022. It also examines the spatial effects of driving factors, offering insights to promote coordinated HE-S&T development and providing a reference for global strategies toward sustainable, innovation-driven growth. The study finds that: (1) In terms of temporal evolution, the national HE-S&T coordination in China has transitioned from “moderate imbalance” to “mild imbalance” and finally to “on the verge of imbalance,” with the overall coordination level steadily increasing; (2) At the level of China's four major regions, the spatial disparities in the coordination between HE and S&T are pronounced, exhibiting an overall pattern of “eastern region leading, central region catching up, northeastern region stagnating, and western region lagging,” along with an evolutionary trend marked by “the eastern region transitioning toward high coordination while the western region increasingly departs from a balanced state.” At the provincial level, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong stand out as exemplary provinces of high coordination; (3) Concerning spatial disparities, the overall differences in the coupling coordination degree between HE and S&T in China are gradually narrowing, with the imbalance mainly attributable to inter-regional differences—most notably between the eastern and western regions, while the gap between the central and northeastern regions remains minimal. Narrowing the disparities between the eastern and western regions is key to addressing the overall imbalance in HE-S&T coordination; (4) In terms of spatial association, HE-S&T coordination exhibits a strong positive spatial correlation with significant positive spillover effects among provinces; (5) Analysis of the driving mechanisms indicates that for direct effects, population density and openness exert a positive influence on regional HE-S&T coordination, whereas the direct effects of economic development, infrastructure, industrial structure, and urbanization are not statistically significant. In contrast, concerning indirect effects, infrastructure and openness generate positive spatial spillovers, while urbanization produces negative spillover effects. Accordingly, it is recommended that: (1) Policies for HE and S&T be coordinated to enhance their integration; (2) Cross-regional development linkages and coordination mechanisms be established to leverage the spatial spillover effects of high-coordination provinces and cities; (3) Regional differences be acknowledged, with HE-S&T coordinated development promoted by local conditions; and (4) A favorable external environment be cultivated to drive the deep integration of HE and S&T.

science and technology  /  higher education  /  coupling coordination  /  spatio-temporal characteristics  /  driving factors
赵瑞雪, 刘继安, 徐艳茹, 尤宇. 科教协调发展时空特征及驱动机制研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (3) : 541 -557 .
Rui-xue ZHAO, Ji-an LIU, Yan-ru XU, Yu YOU. Coordinated development and driving mechanism of higher education and science and technology[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (3) : 541 -557 .
党的二十大首次对教育、科技、人才进行统筹安排和一体化部署,深刻揭示三者之间相互作用的有机整体性[1]。党的二十届三中全会再次提出“统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革”,进一步强调教育和科技在国家发展中的关键地位及二者间的紧密联系[2]。高校作为科技创新的前沿阵地和国家科技创新体系的核心力量[3],不仅在基础研究领域承担关键责任,还在推动科技成果转化、科技人才培养等方面发挥不可替代的作用。因此,推动高等教育(HE)与科学技术(S&T)协调发展成为提升国家创新能力、推动高质量发展的关键举措。然而,当前我国在推动HE与S&T高质量协调发展过程中面临诸多挑战:首先,不同区域HE与S&T的发展路径、战略定位和资源禀赋等方面存在较大差异[4];其次,HE与S&T存在封闭运行、彼此割据的问题[5],高校的科研能力未能有效转化为科技发展的推动力,培养的人才也未能充分发挥科技发展生力军作用[6]。因此,深入分析我国HE与S&T发展之间协调关系现状,探索二者协调发展的驱动机制,对在实践中推进我国HE与S&T协调发展、服务全面建设社会主义现代化国家事业,具有重要的现实意义。
关于HE与S&T关系的研究,国内外学者主要沿三条脉络展开。第一,聚焦于HE对S&T的影响,尤其是探讨高校在区域创新系统中的重要地位[7],以及高校知识溢出对区域科技创新的促进作用[8],该类研究主要从高等教育规模[9]、质量[10]和布局[11]等维度进行探讨。第二,聚焦于S&T对HE的影响。研究表明,科技进步提升了高等教育质量和效率,并推动高等教育体系变革[12],科技革命甚至可以改变高等教育的核心价值体系、人才培养模式、教育内容和教学方式[13]。第三,聚焦于HE与S&T之间的互动关系。研究普遍认为,HE与S&T发展之间理应相辅相成、相互促进,然而当前我国二者发展缺乏同步性[14]。部分研究通过构建耦合协调度模型,发现我国HE—S&T的协调度虽逐步提升,但整体耦合状况不佳[15,6]。
现有研究为理解我国HE—S&T协调发展提供了一定的实证和理论基础,但对不同省市和区域差异的研究尚不充分,较少关注二者之间的动态演变和协同关系,也未深入探讨二者耦合协调机理、空间溢出效应及其驱动因素。因此,本文提出以下研究问题:我国HE—S&T协调发展在时间与空间上的演化特征有哪些?驱动二者协调发展的因素是什么?为回答以上研究问题,本文在剖析HE—S&T协调发展机理的基础上,分析二者协调发展的时序演化与空间分布,并探讨其驱动因素的空间效应,为推进我国HE—S&T协调发展以及服务高质量发展战略目标提供启示。
HE与S&T在协同作用过程中,既需优化自身结构以满足整体宏观目标,也需确保整个宏观经济体协调互动,共同实现经济社会大系统的发展目标。HE是人才培养和人力资本输出的主要阵地,也是科技资源汇聚的重要场域,通过教学、科研和社会服务等活动持续为科技进步贡献人才、思想和成果。HE的发展也同样依赖于科技资源和成果的支持,以提升其能力、水平和质量。因此,HE—S&T的互动过程形成开放复杂的系统,各要素之间相互赋能、协调共进(图1)。
HE对S&T的支撑作用主要体现在人才资源、知识生产、成果转化和价值观念四个方面:(1)人才资源。人力资本是创新的基础性和关键性投入,是科技进步的源泉[16]。高校通过传授专业知识和提供科研能力训练,培养高素质、高技能的人才,从而为科技发展提供智力支持。(2)知识生产。高校作为基础研究和重大科技突破的策源地,拥有专业科研队伍和前沿设备,通过在科学领域持续探索,为相关技术领域提供新理论和新发现,推动科技进步[17]。(3)成果转化。高校通过科技成果转化,推动基础科学向现实生产力渗透转化,促进区域科技进步和产业升级。(4)价值观念。科技的快速发展可能引发功利主义盛行和伦理道德的忽视[18]。因此,高等教育发挥立德树人的功能尤为重要,高校培养的科学精神有助于推动科技活动的健康发展。
S&T对HE的推动作用主要体现在需求牵引、技术应用和知识迭代三个方面。(1)需求牵引。科技与产业革命的迅速发展要求高等教育在发展规模和质量上与之相适应[19],科技创新的复杂性推动高校学科专业之间的交叉融合,对高校深化学科专业的供给侧改革具有牵引作用。(2)技术应用。将科技成果融入高校教学中,能够加速教学方式的变革,构建以学生为中心的智慧教育生态,提升高等教育质量;将科技成果融入高校科研中,能推动科学研究范式向智能化范式转型[20],提升数据采集能力、验证速度和实验模拟水平,提高科研效率和精确性,成为高校科研的强大推动力。(3)知识迭代。科技成果不仅推动社会进步,还促进教育内容的不断更新与充实,保证教学内容的时代性和科学性。
综合已有研究,本文选择人口密度、经济发展水平、基础设施水平、对外开放程度、产业结构、城镇化水平变量,探讨影响HE—S&T协调发展的因素。具体原因如下:
第一,人口密度较高的地区因人力资本的集聚和竞争,提高了高等教育效率,且知识的溢出效应强,由此促进技术扩散,推动区域科技发展[21]。第二,良好的经济发展水平不仅通过增加教育支出、优化劳动力市场影响教育系统,还为科技发展提供资源支持[22]。第三,基础设施建设(如交通运输、邮电通信网络等)为高等教育和科技发展提供坚实的物质保障。第四,区域对外开放程度越高,接触国外先进科技的机会越多,促进科技进步并增强对教育的投入意愿。第五,产业结构的优化升级增加对创新型、复合型和应用型人才的需求,成为推动优质高等教育和科技发展的强大动力。第六,城镇化进程通过改变生产、生活方式和思想观念,激发对高等教育的市场需求[23],同时,城市中的竞争性市场结构也促进了创新知识的积累,为科技发展提供物质基础和扩散平台[24]。
HE已经成为科技创新体系中的重要力量,但从经济社会发展系统看,HE与S&T作为其两个关键子系统,在设计评价指标体系时应分别体现HE与S&T的系统结构,以反映HE与S&T发展的客观规律与特征。
(1)HE发展的指标选取
目前学界对于HE发展水平的度量大致分为两种:第一,以单一维度的高校排名数据来衡量HE发展水平[25]。第二,选择不同维度多个变量构建指标体系,例如,投入和产出两维度[6];要素、能力、功能三维度[26]等。本研究参考杨林等[27]以质量为核心的HE发展水平测度逻辑,同时考虑到数据的可获得性,从教育资源、人才培养、科学研究、社会服务、国际交流五个维度构建HE发展的评价指标体系,并采用能够避免主观因素影响的熵值法测算权重(见表1)。
(2)S&T发展的指标选取
对于S&T发展,本文借鉴国内外知名评价报告和相关研究成果[28],从科技资源和科技成果两方面选取S&T发展的指标(见表2)。
(3)驱动因素选择
在驱动因素上,本文选择人口密度、经济发展水平、基础设施水平、对外开放程度、产业结构、城镇化水平6个变量,参考已有相关研究,指标的具体计算见表3。
(1)耦合协调度模型
HE—S&T协调发展可以在更高的起点上对资源重新进行集聚,从而产生“1+1>2”的效果,借鉴物理学中的容量耦合系数模型[29]来测度耦合度,公式如下:
${C}_{ab}=\frac{2\sqrt{{U}_{a}{U}_{b}}}{{U}_{a}+{U}_{b}}$
${T}_{ab}=\alpha {U}_{a}+\beta {U}_{b}$
${D}_{ab}=\sqrt{{C}_{ab}\times {T}_{ab}}$
其中,Cab表示HE—S&T耦合度值,Ua和Ub分别表示HE与S&T的综合发展水平,Dab表示HE与S&T的耦合协调值,Tab为HE与S&T系统的综合评价指标,α、β分别为待定系数,α+β=1,通常取α=β=0.5。借鉴相关研究[30],对HE—S&T系统耦合协调度等级进行划分,如表4所示。
(2)差异性测度
本文采用Dagum基尼系数方法,测度我国东部、中部、西部、东北四大区域①(根据国家统计局四大区域的划分标准:东部地区:北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东和海南;中部地区:山西、安徽、江西、河南、湖北和湖南;西部地区:内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆;东北地区:辽宁、吉林和黑龙江。)HE与S&T耦合协调度的组内差异和组间差异,进一步分析两系统耦合发展的总体差异及来源。组内基尼系数的大小代表了组内省份间耦合协同性的高低,基尼系数越小,表明组内省份间耦合协调水平越接近,协同性越强,组间与组内类似。根据Dagum[31]的分解理论,有关系式G=Gw+Gnb+Gl,G为总体基尼系数,Gw表示组内差异贡献、Gnb代表组间差异贡献,Gl超变密度贡献。总体Dagum基尼系数G计算公式如下:
$G=\frac{\sum _{i}^{h}\sum _{j}^{h}\sum _{l}^{{n}_{i}}\sum _{m}^{{n}_{j}}\left|{y}_{il}-{y}_{jm}\right|}{2{n}^{2}\overline{y}}$
其中,yil表示第i个区域中第l个省的耦合协调度,yjm表示第j个区域中第m个省的耦合协调度;h为区域个数,ni(j)表示i(j)区域中省的个数。
(3)空间自相关模型
在进行空间溢出效应实证分析之前,需要对被解释变量的空间相关性进行检验,本文运用莫兰指数对HE—S&T系统的耦合协调水平进行全局自相关分析和局部自相关分析。其中,全局莫兰指数(Global Moran’s I)计算公式如下:
$I=\frac{{\sum }_{i}{\sum }_{j}{w}_{ij}({x}_{i}-\stackrel{-}{x})({x}_{j}-\stackrel{-}{x})}{{s}^{2}{\sum }_{i}{\sum }_{j}{w}_{ij}},i=\mathrm{1,2},...,j=\mathrm{1,2},...,n$
同时,运用局部莫兰指数(Moran’s I)衡量各个省份协调度的局部自相关性。计算公式如下:
${I}_{i}=\frac{({x}_{i}-\stackrel{-}{x})}{{s}^{2}}{\sum }_{j}{w}_{ij}({x}_{j}-\stackrel{-}{x}),j=\mathrm{1,2},...,n$
其中,xi和xj分别代表不同省份HE与S&T高质量发展的耦合协调度,$\stackrel{-}{x}$代表两系统的耦合协调度均值,s2为样本方差,wij为空间权重矩阵中的元素,全局莫兰指数的取值范围为[-1,1],Ii代表区域i的局部莫兰指数。
(4)空间计量模型
根据HE与S&T协调的驱动机理分析,在研究HE与S&T协调关系的驱动因素时无法忽略其中的空间关联关系,采用空间计量模型作为研究驱动因素空间效应的分析工具。构建HE与S&T协调关系驱动因素的空间模型:
$CO{U}_{it}=\rho W\times CO{U}_{it}+\alpha {X}_{it}+\theta W\times {X}_{it}+{v}_{i}+{\gamma }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
${\epsilon }_{it}=\lambda W{\epsilon }_{it}+{\mu }_{it}$
其中,i和t分别表示地区与年份;COUit表示HE与S&T的耦合协调度;Xit为其影响因素,包括人口密度、经济发展水平、基础设施水平、对外开放程度、产业结构、城镇化水平;W为空间权重矩阵,本文选取地理距离空间权重矩阵;ρ为空间自回归系数;λ为空间误差系数;νi、γt为个体固定效应和时间固定效应;εit为随机扰动项;μit为服从正态分布的随机误差项。
指标数据以我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)为样本(其中西藏、香港、澳门和台湾数据缺失较多,未纳入测度范围),全面评估数据可获得性后,本文选择的样本时间跨度为2010-2022年。对于极少量缺失值,采用线性插值法进行补充。本文的数据来源主要包括《中国统计年鉴》《中国教育统计年鉴》《中国科技统计年鉴》《中国教育经费统计年鉴》《高等学校科技统计资料汇编》《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》《中国劳动统计年鉴》《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》《全国企业创新调查年鉴》和各省份统计年鉴及相关统计网站。
分别以HE和S&T发展水平综合得分的均值作横轴与纵轴,各省份HE和S&T发展水平综合得分如图2所示。北京、上海、广东、江苏、浙江、湖北、山东位于第一象限,其中,北京、江苏、上海、广东在HE和S&T发展评价中处于领先位置,这与我国优质教育、科技资源配置向经济发达省市集中的惯性基本一致。天津、安徽、河南位于第二象限,其S&T发展略微领先于HE的发展,需要进一步提高S&T对HE的带动作用。青海、宁夏、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古、海南、贵州、广西、山西、河北、河南、重庆等处于第三象限,多位于中西部地区,HE水平较低,S&T发展相对滞后。四川、陕西、湖南、辽宁处于第四象限,虽然部分重点高校的存在使得HE发展水平较高,但并未显著发挥带动科技进步的功能。
(1)时序特征
2010-2022年我国HE—S&T协调度整体偏低,年均值仅为0.3270,处于轻度失调阶段,说明HE—S&T高质量协调发展尚未实现(图3)。从时序变化来看,HE—S&T协调度呈稳步上升态势,协调水平从中度失调逐步提升至轻度失调,再演变到濒临失调,说明HE与S&T之间存在相互促进、相互支撑效应。依据协调等级变化,可分为两个跃升阶段。
第一阶段的转折点出现在2013年,协调度由中度失调提升到轻度失调。2011年,胡锦涛总书记在清华大学百年校庆时提出“以高水平科学研究支撑高质量高等教育”理念。并在2012年启动了“高等学校创新能力提升计划”(“2011计划”),旨在提升高校人才、学科、科研三位一体的创新能力,推动高等教育内涵式发展,为HE—S&T协调发展奠定了基础。
第二阶段的转折点出现在2022年,协调度由轻度失调跃升至濒临失调。2015年,中央出台《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案》,强调“推进科教协同育人”和“完善高水平科研支撑拔尖创新人才培养机制”。2016年,教育部发布《高等学校“十三五”科学和技术发展规划》,明确科教融合是现代高等教育的核心理念。在一系列政策的推动下,科教融合事业飞速发展。
(2)空间分布
①四大区域间分布特征及差异
从区域间分布来看(图4),考察期内我国HE—S&T耦合协调度总体呈现东部>中部>东北>西部的趋势。四大区域耦合协调度稳步增长,但增速差异较大,东部、中部、东北和西部地区年均增幅分别为3.2%、4.5%、1.3%和3.5%。区域分布主要呈现“东部领先、中部追赶、东北停滞、西部落后”的空间格局。其中,东部地区因其资源和区位优势,耦合协调度最高(均值0.4402),位居四大区域之首。中部地区虽然耦合协调度较低(均值0.3239),但凭借其承东启西、连南接北的区位优势,增速最快,协调度由中度失调提升至濒临失调。东北地区耦合协调度均值为0.2893,失调程度从中度降低为轻度,主要受到经济实力和人口结构等因素的影响,未能实现HE—S&T的系统集成与高效协同。西部地区由于缺乏高水平大学和相对滞后的经济发展,难以为当地经济社会振兴发展提供人才和科技支持,HE—S&T发展的互动效果最弱(均值0.2362)。
图5进一步展示了四大区域间HE—S&T耦合协调度的差异,东部—西部、东部—东北地区之间的差异最为显著。相比之下,中部—东北地区的组间基尼系数相对较低(均值0.1160),表明中部—东北地区间协调度发展的差异较小。总体来看,东部—中部、东部—西部、东北—西部的基尼系数逐年缓慢下降,而东部—东北、中部—东北的基尼系数则呈上升趋势,说明东北地区与东部、中部之间不均衡程度有所加剧。
②四大区域内分布特征及差异
从省市层面来看(表5),30个省份在考察期内HE—S&T耦合水平呈现不同幅度上升趋势,省份间差异较大。北京市凭借众多高水平高校和科研机构,2022年耦合协调度最高,达到0.7562。其他耦合协调水平较高的省市包括上海、广东和江苏,这些省市位于东部地区,拥有丰富的教育资源、科技投入和高素质人才,相关政策在推动HE—S&T协调发展中也发挥了有效作用。例如,上海市自2004年提出“科教兴市”主战略以来,建立了一批兼具科研与教育功能的创新平台;广东通过“三部两院”统筹科教资源,形成适合各地区要素禀赋的产学研合作模式;江苏则推动“学科+基地”合作,坚持人才、项目、基地和服务联动发展。
图6进一步展示了全国和四大区域内的差异情况。从全国层面来看,HE—S&T协调度的基尼系数略微下降,由2010年的0.2348下降到2022年的0.2273,说明省市之间的不均衡程度正缓慢降低。从区域内部来看,东部地区的基尼系数最高,说明该区域内省市间协调度差异最大。造成这种差异的主要原因在于东部地区覆盖面积广,北上广等一线省市与其他东部省市在HE—S&T发展上步调不一致。西部地区的基尼系数较大且不断上升,说明该地区HE—S&T发展不平衡。从数据上看,陕西和四川的协调度值相对较高,与青海和新疆的差距较大,后者面临更加严重的人才流失问题,难以扭转滞后的局面。东北地区的基尼系数较低,HE—S&T耦合协调的差异最小,且呈现显著下降趋势。中部地区在2010-2012年间的基尼系数低于东北,但其增长速度较快,2013年后超过东北地区。这反映出中部地区HE—S&T发展开始产生明显的分化。从数值上看,安徽和湖北的协调度值和其他中部省份拉开较大差距,安徽凭借强省会战略和长三角一体化战略,湖北依托科教大省地位及人才优势,奠定了HE—S&T协调发展的基础。
③空间差异分解
为探究HE—S&T发展协调度产生区域分化的深层原因,进一步剖析产生差异的具体来源。图7描绘了HE—S&T协调度区域差异来源及贡献率,协调度差异的区域间贡献、区域内贡献及超变密度贡献在考察期内的趋势相对稳定,变动较小。从贡献大小来看,区域间差异的年均贡献率为63.52%,远高于区域内差异(21.93%)和超变密度(14.55%)。这表明我国HE—S&T发展失衡主要由四大区域间的差异导致。
(3)时空演化格局
综合考察时序演化和空间分布特征,选取2010年、2016年和2022年3个代表年份,表6展示了各省份HE—S&T耦合协调的等级变化。从空间演变来看,大多数省份在考察期内实现了跨级跃升,形成了“东部高协调转型、西部脱离失调”的格局。2010年,67%的省市处于严重失调和中度失调阶段,主要分布于中部、西部和东北地区,只有北京和上海处于协调阶段。到2016年,大多数省市进入中度失调和轻度失调状态(60%),广东和江苏从失调阶段跃升至协调阶段,其中江苏跨越了两个等级,从濒临失调发展为初级协调,这与江苏一系列政策的实施密切相关。例如,2012年,江苏省制定《江苏省国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》,强调以人才强省建设驱动科教高质量发展。2022年,浙江、山东、湖北进入协调队列。此外,得益于国家对中西部地区高等教育专项资金的支持,以及“中西部高校综合实力提升工程”等政策资源的倾斜,中部和西部地区资金短缺和人才匮乏的劣势有所改善,末位失调省市显著减少。
为验证空间计量模型的适用性,本研究采用全局Moran's I指数计算不同地区HE—S&T耦合协调的空间效应(表7)。在考察期内,全局莫兰指数均大于0,且P值均显著,说明地区间HE—S&T耦合协调度存在显著的空间集聚效应,即高协调度(或低协调度)地区的邻近地区往往也具有较高(或较低)协调度。
HE—S&T发展协调度在2010年、2016年和2022年的莫兰散点图如图8所示,大部分省份在样本期内处于“高-高”或“低-低”的第一象限和第三象限,表明HE—S&T耦合协调度存在显著的局部空间正相关性,集聚性较强。
(1)模型估计结果
借用LM、Robust LM、LR、Wald、Hausman检验来判断使用何种空间计量模型更为合适,结果见表8。LM检验结果显示,LM-lag检验、Robust-LM-Lag检验、LM-Error检验、Robust-LM-Error均在显著性水平上通过检验,说明空间误差模型(SEM)和空间滞后模型(SLM)均适用。LR和Wald检验均在1%水平上显著,说明应选择空间杜宾模型(SDM)进行回归分析。固定效应类型检验显示个体固定效应模型结果更优。因此,本文最终采用个体固定效应的空间杜宾模型对我国HE和S&T协调度的驱动因素进行回归估计。
空间计量模型结果见表9。空间自回归系数ρ为正且通过了5%的显著性检验,表明HE与S&T的耦合协调度具有正向的空间溢出效应,即邻近地区二者耦合协调度的提升会促进本地区二者耦合协调度的提升。
(2)空间效应分解
参照Lesage和Pace[32]提出的偏微分法,将空间总效应分解为直接效应与间接效应,结果见表10。
人口密度(HUM)的直接效应通过1%的正向显著性水平检验,说明人口密度对HE—S&T协调发展具有促进作用,人口集聚效应优化了高等教育资源的配置,促进高技能劳动者的集聚,增强人力资本的外部性和知识存量的积累[33],进而推动科技进步。人口密度对周边地区溢出效应的影响为负但不显著,可能是由于区域之间人才共享机制不完善,限制了邻近地区人口集聚对本地区HE—S&T协调发展的促进作用。
经济发展水平(EC)的直接效应和溢出效应均为正向但不显著,说明经济增长对地区HE—S&T协调发展的推动作用不明显。尽管经济发展对高等教育的发展速度、规模及结构产生了正面影响,但随着高等教育进入内涵式发展期,这种约束作用已大幅减弱甚至消失[34]。高等教育系统通过规模增长获得更大的独立性,通过吸收社会资源实现资金来源的多元化,逐步减少对经济系统的依赖[35]。此外,经济发展与高等教育布局之间存在错配,部分东部经济发达地区(如广东省)的优质高等教育资源相对匮乏,制约了创新驱动的引领作用。
基础设施(INFRA)的直接效应为正但不显著,完善的基础设施为科技和教育活动提供物质保障,但要进一步促进HE—S&T融合,仍需加大对科研、技术进步、产品研发领域的科教基础设施投入力度。基础设施的溢出效应显著,说明邻近地区发达的基础设施增强了与本地区人才、信息、资金、知识等要素的流动和共享,带动本地区高等教育和科技发展[36]。
对外开放程度(OPEN)的直接效应和溢出效应均为正向显著,说明高水平的对外开放能有效促进本省和邻近省份HE—S&T协调发展。一方面,高水平的对外开放带来更多接触国际先进科技的机会,不仅推动科技进步,还能进一步增强对高等教育投入的积极性。另一方面,邻近地区外资带来的先进技术与经验通过“溢出效应”和“示范效应”,能够带动本地区科技创新能力。此外,外资进入邻近地区加剧区域之间的市场竞争,积极的“竞争效应”倒逼本地区企业提升科技创新能力[37],从而推动本地区HE—S&T协调发展的提升。
产业结构(INDSTR)的直接效应和溢出效应为正但不显著,表明产业结构并不是影响HE—S&T协调发展的主要因素。可能的原因包括:第一,产业高级化程度需要和当地的资源禀赋相匹配[38],当区域之间资源禀赋差异较大时,制约了第三产业发展提升高等教育的能力和功能。第二,高校学科专业结构调整滞后于产业结构升级的现实需要,进一步削弱了产业结构对HE—S&T协调度的贡献。
城镇化水平(URBAN)对协调发展的直接效应不显著。以往研究表明,城市化水平能够提升人们接受高等教育的积极性[23],为高等教育规模扩大提供需求。但随着高等教育的普及,区域高等教育发展的重点逐渐从扩大规模转向提升高等教育质量和层次,如打造高水平大学。因此,城镇化水平对高等教育的影响减弱。城镇化的溢出效应显著为负,表明邻近地区较高的城市化进程往往伴随优质的教育资源和较强的科技创新活力,容易吸引更多人才,通过“虹吸效应”对本地区HE—S&T协调产生负面影响。
(3)稳健性检验
为了保证研究结果的稳健性,本文基于地理距离权重矩阵对空间滞后模型(SAR)和空间误差模型(SEM)进行估计。另外,更换空间权重矩阵对模型重新估计是空间计量模型稳健性检验的常用方法之一,因此,将空间权重矩阵设定为邻接矩阵和经济距离矩阵再进行估计。如表11所示,HE与S&T协调发展的空间溢出效应、各解释变量的系数符号和显著性并没有发生较大变化,表明前文的结论是稳健的。
本文基于系统耦合视角,分析了2010-2022年我国HE—S&T耦合协调的时空特征及驱动机制,主要研究结论如下:
(1)从全国层面来看,HE—S&T耦合协调状况不佳,但协调程度稳步上升,经历了“中度失调—轻度失调—濒临失调”的阶段式跨越。从区域层面看,四大区域的HE—S&T耦合协调度均稳步增长,形成了“东部领先、中部追赶、东北停滞、西部落后”整体格局,并呈现出“东部高协调转型、西部脱离失调”的演变趋势。从省市层面来看,大多数省份发生了跨级跃升,并以“北京—上海—江苏—广东”为示范节点。
(2)我国HE—S&T耦合协调度总体差异在逐步缩小,整体失衡主要由四大区域间差异导致。其中,东部—西部之间差异最显著,而中部—东北间的差异最小。缩小东部—西部之间差异是解决整体HE—S&T协调发展不均衡的关键抓手。
(3)HE与S&T协调发展具有显著的空间集聚特征。驱动机制分析显示,在直接效应方面,人口密度、对外开放对本地区HE—S&T协调发展具有正向驱动作用,而经济发展水平、基础设施、产业结构和城镇化水平的直接效应不显著。在间接效应方面,基础设施、对外开放产生正向空间溢出效应,而城镇化水平产生负向空间溢出效应。
第一,统筹HE与S&T政策协调,提升HE—S&T融合水平。当前,全国及多数省份HE—S&T协调水平依然失衡,亟需强化政策协同与统筹推进。充分发挥中央科技委的协调作用,系统规划二者政策的制定和实施。同时,逐步推动政策从宏观层面深入到中观和微观层次,以确保HE与S&T的紧密结合。另外,高校应制定长期科技创新发展战略,鼓励高校牵头建设国家级实验室、研究中心和重大科技基础设施,提升原始创新和技术攻关能力。高校应结合自身优势主动布局谋划,将基础研究重点与重大科技战略目标对接,人才培养体系与产业需求匹配,教学与科研相结合,学科设置与前沿科技发展方向衔接,为国家科技创新体系注入持续动力。
第二,建立跨区域发展联动与协同机制,发挥高协调省市的空间溢出效应。建议由中央政府牵头建立东部—西部、东部—东北的长期合作交流机制,围绕东部高协调区域发展建立一批跨区域的协同科技创新中心,积极向西部和东北地区的高校提供人才和技术交流机会。与此同时,西部和东北地区应积极寻求与东部高校在科研创新方面的深度合作机会,引进东部先进的实验室和课题组,推动区域间的合作共赢。此外,培育以高协调省市“北京—上海—江苏—广东”为关键节点的先行示范,打破高协调省市与周边落后地区的地理与信息壁垒,增强其“辐射效应”,逐步形成HE—S&T协调发展的共同体。
第三,注重区域差异性,因地制宜推进HE—S&T协调发展。对于北京、上海、江苏、广东、山东、浙江等协调度高的省市,地方政府应遵循“在协调中谋发展”的原则:深化教育、科技、人才一体化发展,充分发挥辐射带动作用。对于海南、青海、新疆、宁夏等长期处于严重失调状态的地区,地方政府应坚持“在发展中求协调”的理念:出台针对低协调地区HE发展与S&T发展的专项扶持政策,结合区域自然资源禀赋,着力发展优势特色学科,集中力量解决发展中的关键问题,确保长期政策供给的持续性和有效性。
第四,营造良好的外部环境,驱动HE—S&T深度融合。(1)根据人口密度和区域发展需求合理配置高等教育资源,提升高等教育的质量,避免人口过度集中带来的负面影响,重点关注如何将其他地区对西部的“虹吸效应”转化为“辐射效应”,引导人才合理流动,使之成为连接HE—S&T协同发展的坚实桥梁。(2)鼓励经济欠发达地区通过自身的优质科教资源(如高校、科研机构、科研成果等)与经济发达地区的产业资源(如投资、技术、市场)进行交换,促进HE更好地服务S&T发展需求。(3)重视大学科技园、学科研究平台等科教基础设施建设。(4)充分发挥外资的溢出效应与示范效应,强化与邻近地区的合作,实施更加灵活的人才引进政策,吸引世界顶尖科学家到高校工作。(5)根据区域产业优化升级的需求,制定地方高校学科专业的中长期发展规划,打造具有区域优势或行业竞争优势的特色学科专业结构。(6)对于周边高城镇化地区对本地区人才、资源的虹吸效应,提高本地教育和科研环境的竞争力,完善高层次人才服务保障,减少人才流失。
  • 国家社会科学基金重大项目(24&ZD174)
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2026年第44卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-09
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04
  • 修回日期:2025-02-10
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国家社会科学基金重大项目(24&ZD174)
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    中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院, 北京 100190

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徐艳茹(1991-),女,副教授, E-mail: 。
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