Article(id=1309226360493670825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744300800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-11, revisedDate=1749657600000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790073488591, onlineDateStr=2026-09-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790073488591, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790073488591, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790073488591, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309226306445865584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1121', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790073475705, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790073520980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1276, endPage=1287, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309226360703386026, articleId=1309226360493670825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Does public data openness promote technology transfer in higher education institutions? ——Based on a quasi-natural experiment of government data platform access, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Universities in China have achieved remarkable results in technological research, playing a leading role in constructing an independent knowledge system. However, university technological achievements still face the bottleneck of relatively low rates of industrial transformation. Addressing the challenge of translating university research outcomes requires multi-party collaboration, establishing a public transformation platform involving diverse actors such as universities, enterprises, and technology transfer institutions, and improving the specialized service system for technological achievement transformation. Therefore, public data openness emerges as a novel solution, offering new possibilities for technology transfer. Public data openness refers to the process by which governments integrate public data resources and make them equally accessible to the public. It grants the public the rights to know, query, and utilize data, facilitating better resource discovery and industrial upgrading by societal actors, thereby creating commercial and social value. The transformation of university technological achievements is a “university-enterprise” collaborative innovation process. For enterprises, public data openness provides access to data resources at lower cost. The data elements not only empower enterprise R&D but also reduce the uncertainties they face. For universities, public data openness helps eliminate information barriers between universities and enterprises, and facilitate the coupling of university achievements with market demand. In this regard, investigating whether and how public data openness influences the technology transfer in higher education institutions is of significant importance for enhancing university technological development.

This study employs the launch of government data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on data covering Chinese university patent transfers from 2009 to 2023, a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model is used to investigate the impact of public data openness on the technology transfer of universities. The research findings demonstrate that public data openness positively promotes the transformation of university technological achievements. This conclusion still holds true after passing the parallel trend test, placebo test, double machine learning causality test, psm-did test and removing other policies’ effect. The mechanism test demonstrates that (1) Public data openness facilitates the coupling of university achievements with enterprise demand, promoting transformation through university-industry collaboration. And public data openness increased the number of university-industry jointly applied patents.(2) Public data openness effectively reduces transaction costs between universities and enterprises and alleviates the time lag in technology transfer. And public data openness exerts a stronger promoting effect in regions with protracted conversion delays. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of public data openness on university achievement transformation is more pronounced in regions with higher data openness quality and better digital infrastructure. Furthermore, its promoting effect is more obvious for invention-type patents and high quality patent transformations. This study bridges a significant gap in the literature by empirically demonstrating that public data openness facilitates university technology transfer.By providing rigorous evidence on how it overcomes the “last-mile barrier” in this process, our findings expand the research horizon on open public data governance.

This study provides the following insights for leveraging public data openness to optimize university technology transfer service systems. At the government level, authorities should accelerate public data disclosure while guiding multi-stakeholder participation in platform development to establish a cross-sectoral “communication bridge”. Differentiated policy support must be implemented through targeted interventions and technical guidance for regions with inadequate digital infrastructure, thereby bridging regional divides in technology commercialization. Universities should proactively deepen industry-academia partnerships through joint R&D initiatives to boost industrial applicability of innovations, while comprehensively showcasing research outputs via dedicated platforms spanning fundamental research to market applications to enhance external visibility. Prioritizing high value patent development tightly aligned with market needs remains critical for overcoming commercialization bottlenecks. For enterprises, dynamically monitoring university research outputs and acquiring relevant technologies through patent transfers can mitigate information asymmetry induced delays. Companies must also proactively articulate technical requirements, budgetary parameters, and collaboration frameworks to establish closed-loop innovation cycles.

, authors=Naerjiang·Ahai1, Bo-wei DONG2, Ming-lei DING3, authorsList=Naerjiang·Ahai, Bo-wei DONG, Ming-lei DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming-lei DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309226361433194927, articleId=1309226360493670825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=公共数据开放能否促进高校科技成果转化——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以政府数据平台上线为准自然实验,基于2009年至2023年中国高校专利转让数据,采用多期双重差分模型探究了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的影响。研究结果表明,公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化具有积极促进作用,其机制在于,公共数据开放将通过推动校企合作创新和缓解专利转化时滞两个渠道促进高校科技成果转化。异质性分析表明,公共数据开放在数据开放质量更高和数字基础设施条件更好的地区对高校科技成果转化的作用更大,对发明类型专利和高质量专利转化的促进作用更明显。本研究揭示了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的促进作用,为打通高校科技成果转化的“最后一公里”,健全科技成果转化服务体系,实现产学研协同发展提供了实证经验。

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纳尔江·阿海(2001-),男,哈萨克族,硕士研究生。

董博为(1992-),男,助理研究员,博士。

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丁明磊(1976-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail: 。
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China Industrial Economics, 2023(9):117-135., articleTitle=Policy empowerment, digital ecosystem and enterprise digital transformation: A quasi-natural experiment based on the national big data comprehensive perimental zone, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1309226368752255460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, awardId=ZXZK202410, language=CN, fundingSource=国家高端智库重点研究课题(ZXZK202410), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1309226368823558629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, awardId=ZXZK202502, language=CN, fundingSource=国家高端智库重点研究课题(ZXZK202502), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1309226362293027248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226362301415857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226362293027248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226362309804466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226362293027248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京大学教育学院, 北京 100871)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309226363651981747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226363656176052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226363651981747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Continuing Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226363664564661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226363651981747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京大学继续教育学院, 北京 100871)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309226363740062134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226363744256439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226363740062134, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 New Quality Productive Forces Promotion Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226363752645048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, companyId=1309226363740062134, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 科学技术部新质生产力促进中心, 北京 100029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1309226365296148944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Parallel trend test, figureFileSmall=9nDhKJ8QuBoPO4mDHfF/6Q==, figureFileBig=p3aGXiP+WGTHMompBcm+Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365371646417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平行趋势检验结果, figureFileSmall=9nDhKJ8QuBoPO4mDHfF/6Q==, figureFileBig=p3aGXiP+WGTHMompBcm+Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365598138834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Placebo test, figureFileSmall=XxK+pDjCWTiHxsz9GNMmIA==, figureFileBig=LJCqY1GsQmW6N1x2bM39Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365665247699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=图2, caption=安慰剂检验, figureFileSmall=XxK+pDjCWTiHxsz9GNMmIA==, figureFileBig=LJCqY1GsQmW6N1x2bM39Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365719773652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Descriptive statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 样本量 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
高校专利转让 3165 42.414 109.831 0 1293.000
公共数据开放 3165 0.210 0.407 0 1.000
校企联合专利申请 3165 4.716 15.257 0 230.000
平均DPI专利质量 2431 2.785 1.174 0 5.000
平均专利转化时滞 2431 41.220 23.401 0 164.500
发明专利 3165 34.207 88.150 0 590.000
实用专利 3165 6.672 18.818 0 288.000
外观设计专利 3165 0.240 1.427 0 25.000
城市金融资源 3165 1.122 0.680 0.165 7.450
城市发展水平 3165 10.816 0.598 8.817 12.404
城市发展能力 3165 8.357 4.179 -20.630 23.960
城市产业结构 3165 43.393 10.347 9.760 84.850
城市人力资本 3165 0.025 0.029 0.001 0.203
高新企业数量 3165 1675.902 1907.358 21.000 17906.000
), ArticleFig(id=1309226365803659733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 样本量 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值
高校专利转让 3165 42.414 109.831 0 1293.000
公共数据开放 3165 0.210 0.407 0 1.000
校企联合专利申请 3165 4.716 15.257 0 230.000
平均DPI专利质量 2431 2.785 1.174 0 5.000
平均专利转化时滞 2431 41.220 23.401 0 164.500
发明专利 3165 34.207 88.150 0 590.000
实用专利 3165 6.672 18.818 0 288.000
外观设计专利 3165 0.240 1.427 0 25.000
城市金融资源 3165 1.122 0.680 0.165 7.450
城市发展水平 3165 10.816 0.598 8.817 12.404
城市发展能力 3165 8.357 4.179 -20.630 23.960
城市产业结构 3165 43.393 10.347 9.760 84.850
城市人力资本 3165 0.025 0.029 0.001 0.203
高新企业数量 3165 1675.902 1907.358 21.000 17906.000
), ArticleFig(id=1309226365887545814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
Patent Transfer Patent Transfer
Open 19.703** 20.207**
(7.991) (8.006)
常数项 38.280*** 90.993
(1.677) (92.755)
控制变量 NO YES
固定效应 YES YES
样本量 3165 3165
Adj.R2 0.796 0.801
), ArticleFig(id=1309226365954654679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
Patent Transfer Patent Transfer
Open 19.703** 20.207**
(7.991) (8.006)
常数项 38.280*** 90.993
(1.677) (92.755)
控制变量 NO YES
固定效应 YES YES
样本量 3165 3165
Adj.R2 0.796 0.801
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366046929368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bacon decompose results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平均处理效应 权重
以“从未处理组”为控制组 10.701 0.577
以“尚未处理组”为控制组 35.134 0.406
以“早期处理组”为控制组 -15.000 0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366135009753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

培根分解结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平均处理效应 权重
以“从未处理组”为控制组 10.701 0.577
以“尚未处理组”为控制组 35.134 0.406
以“早期处理组”为控制组 -15.000 0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366202118618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Robustness testⅠ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
PSM-DID 排除其他政策干扰
Open 13.518* 20.207** 17.420** 17.323** 19.131** 20.516**
(7.114) (8.006) (7.754) (7.920) (7.786) (7.996)
Xxhm 54.305***
(13.091)
Zwfw 41.664***
(12.567)
Kdzg 15.602**
(6.948)
Data 4.476
(8.500)
常数项 25.629 90.993 3.389 15.948 67.020 87.821
(78.880) (92.755) (91.198) (93.247) (92.186) (91.224)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES YES YES
样本量 2997 3165 3165 3165 3165 3165
Adj.R2 0.803 0.801 0.812 0.808 0.802 0.801
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366281810395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

稳健性检验Ⅰ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
PSM-DID 排除其他政策干扰
Open 13.518* 20.207** 17.420** 17.323** 19.131** 20.516**
(7.114) (8.006) (7.754) (7.920) (7.786) (7.996)
Xxhm 54.305***
(13.091)
Zwfw 41.664***
(12.567)
Kdzg 15.602**
(6.948)
Data 4.476
(8.500)
常数项 25.629 90.993 3.389 15.948 67.020 87.821
(78.880) (92.755) (91.198) (93.247) (92.186) (91.224)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES YES YES
样本量 2997 3165 3165 3165 3165 3165
Adj.R2 0.803 0.801 0.812 0.808 0.802 0.801
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366365696476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Double machine learning causality test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
Patent Transfer Patent Transfer Patent Transfer
Open 5.812** 5.513** 4.593**
(2.405) (2.275) (2.205)
控制变量1次项 YES YES YES
控制变量2次项 NO YES YES
控制变量3次项 NO NO YES
固定效应 YES YES YES
样本量 3165 3165 3165
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366462165469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

双重机器学习因果检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
Patent Transfer Patent Transfer Patent Transfer
Open 5.812** 5.513** 4.593**
(2.405) (2.275) (2.205)
控制变量1次项 YES YES YES
控制变量2次项 NO YES YES
控制变量3次项 NO NO YES
固定效应 YES YES YES
样本量 3165 3165 3165
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368169247198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
Joint Patent Long Time Interval Short Time Interval
Open 4.116*** 26.807* 9.219*
(1.392) (14.035) (5.059)
常数项 22.468 266.619 -16.988
(15.761) (183.521) (44.219)
控制变量 YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES
样本量 3165 1500 1665
Adj.R2 0.743 0.807 0.698
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368278299103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

机制分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3)
Joint Patent Long Time Interval Short Time Interval
Open 4.116*** 26.807* 9.219*
(1.392) (14.035) (5.059)
常数项 22.468 266.619 -16.988
(15.761) (183.521) (44.219)
控制变量 YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES
样本量 3165 1500 1665
Adj.R2 0.743 0.807 0.698
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368353796576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of patent heterogeneity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Invention Patent Utility Patent Design Patent High Quality Patent Low Quality Patent
Open 13.423** 5.049** 0.326*** 35.244* 10.851
(5.468) (2.109) (0.121) (18.594) (7.279)
常数项 31.002 47.491 4.041 141.604 3.896
(70.173) (29.986) (2.833) (234.343) (95.708)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES YES
样本量 3165 3165 3165 1080 2085
Adj. R2 0.824 0.476 0.215 0.844 0.759
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368467042785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

专利的异质性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Invention Patent Utility Patent Design Patent High Quality Patent Low Quality Patent
Open 13.423** 5.049** 0.326*** 35.244* 10.851
(5.468) (2.109) (0.121) (18.594) (7.279)
常数项 31.002 47.491 4.041 141.604 3.896
(70.173) (29.986) (2.833) (234.343) (95.708)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES YES
样本量 3165 3165 3165 1080 2085
Adj. R2 0.824 0.476 0.215 0.844 0.759
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368555123170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Results of location heterogeneity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
High Quality Low Quality High Infrastructure Low Infrastructure
Open 61.602* 2.583 26.817** 0.020
(35.427) (5.054) (13.081) (1.824)
常数项 134.719 -43.693 101.909 38.183
(535.548) (63.812) (183.775) (42.688)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES
样本量 585 2580 1695 1470
Adj. R2 0.834 0.733 0.804 0.545
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368643203555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

区位要素的异质性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
High Quality Low Quality High Infrastructure Low Infrastructure
Open 61.602* 2.583 26.817** 0.020
(35.427) (5.054) (13.081) (1.824)
常数项 134.719 -43.693 101.909 38.183
(535.548) (63.812) (183.775) (42.688)
控制变量 YES YES YES YES
固定效应 YES YES YES YES
样本量 585 2580 1695 1470
Adj. R2 0.834 0.733 0.804 0.545
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公共数据开放能否促进高校科技成果转化——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验
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纳尔江·阿海 1 , 董博为 2 , 丁明磊 3
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(6): 1276-1287
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (6) : 1276 -1287
公共数据开放能否促进高校科技成果转化——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验
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[Author(id=1309226363819753914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1309226363907834300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, authorId=1309226363819753914, language=EN, stringName=Naerjiang·Ahai, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=Naerjiang·Ahai, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1309226363970748861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226360493670825, authorId=1309226363819753914, language=CN, stringName=纳尔江·阿海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 北京大学教育学院, 北京 100871, bio={"content":"

纳尔江·阿海(2001-),男,哈萨克族,硕士研究生。

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纳尔江·阿海(2001-),男,哈萨克族,硕士研究生。

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纳尔江·阿海1, 董博为2, 丁明磊3
作者信息
  • 1 北京大学教育学院, 北京 100871
  • 2 北京大学继续教育学院, 北京 100871
  • 3 科学技术部新质生产力促进中心, 北京 100029
通讯作者:
丁明磊(1976-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail: 。
作者简介:

纳尔江·阿海(2001-),男,哈萨克族,硕士研究生。

董博为(1992-),男,助理研究员,博士。

Does public data openness promote technology transfer in higher education institutions? ——Based on a quasi-natural experiment of government data platform access
Naerjiang·Ahai1, Bo-wei DONG2, Ming-lei DING3
Affiliations
  • 1 Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 2 School of Continuing Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 3 New Quality Productive Forces Promotion Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15
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本研究以政府数据平台上线为准自然实验,基于2009年至2023年中国高校专利转让数据,采用多期双重差分模型探究了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的影响。研究结果表明,公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化具有积极促进作用,其机制在于,公共数据开放将通过推动校企合作创新和缓解专利转化时滞两个渠道促进高校科技成果转化。异质性分析表明,公共数据开放在数据开放质量更高和数字基础设施条件更好的地区对高校科技成果转化的作用更大,对发明类型专利和高质量专利转化的促进作用更明显。本研究揭示了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的促进作用,为打通高校科技成果转化的“最后一公里”,健全科技成果转化服务体系,实现产学研协同发展提供了实证经验。

公共数据开放  /  高校科技成果转化  /  专利转让  /  多期DID

Universities in China have achieved remarkable results in technological research, playing a leading role in constructing an independent knowledge system. However, university technological achievements still face the bottleneck of relatively low rates of industrial transformation. Addressing the challenge of translating university research outcomes requires multi-party collaboration, establishing a public transformation platform involving diverse actors such as universities, enterprises, and technology transfer institutions, and improving the specialized service system for technological achievement transformation. Therefore, public data openness emerges as a novel solution, offering new possibilities for technology transfer. Public data openness refers to the process by which governments integrate public data resources and make them equally accessible to the public. It grants the public the rights to know, query, and utilize data, facilitating better resource discovery and industrial upgrading by societal actors, thereby creating commercial and social value. The transformation of university technological achievements is a “university-enterprise” collaborative innovation process. For enterprises, public data openness provides access to data resources at lower cost. The data elements not only empower enterprise R&D but also reduce the uncertainties they face. For universities, public data openness helps eliminate information barriers between universities and enterprises, and facilitate the coupling of university achievements with market demand. In this regard, investigating whether and how public data openness influences the technology transfer in higher education institutions is of significant importance for enhancing university technological development.

This study employs the launch of government data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on data covering Chinese university patent transfers from 2009 to 2023, a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model is used to investigate the impact of public data openness on the technology transfer of universities. The research findings demonstrate that public data openness positively promotes the transformation of university technological achievements. This conclusion still holds true after passing the parallel trend test, placebo test, double machine learning causality test, psm-did test and removing other policies’ effect. The mechanism test demonstrates that (1) Public data openness facilitates the coupling of university achievements with enterprise demand, promoting transformation through university-industry collaboration. And public data openness increased the number of university-industry jointly applied patents.(2) Public data openness effectively reduces transaction costs between universities and enterprises and alleviates the time lag in technology transfer. And public data openness exerts a stronger promoting effect in regions with protracted conversion delays. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of public data openness on university achievement transformation is more pronounced in regions with higher data openness quality and better digital infrastructure. Furthermore, its promoting effect is more obvious for invention-type patents and high quality patent transformations. This study bridges a significant gap in the literature by empirically demonstrating that public data openness facilitates university technology transfer.By providing rigorous evidence on how it overcomes the “last-mile barrier” in this process, our findings expand the research horizon on open public data governance.

This study provides the following insights for leveraging public data openness to optimize university technology transfer service systems. At the government level, authorities should accelerate public data disclosure while guiding multi-stakeholder participation in platform development to establish a cross-sectoral “communication bridge”. Differentiated policy support must be implemented through targeted interventions and technical guidance for regions with inadequate digital infrastructure, thereby bridging regional divides in technology commercialization. Universities should proactively deepen industry-academia partnerships through joint R&D initiatives to boost industrial applicability of innovations, while comprehensively showcasing research outputs via dedicated platforms spanning fundamental research to market applications to enhance external visibility. Prioritizing high value patent development tightly aligned with market needs remains critical for overcoming commercialization bottlenecks. For enterprises, dynamically monitoring university research outputs and acquiring relevant technologies through patent transfers can mitigate information asymmetry induced delays. Companies must also proactively articulate technical requirements, budgetary parameters, and collaboration frameworks to establish closed-loop innovation cycles.

public data openness  /  technology commercialization  /  patent transfer  /  multi-period DID
纳尔江·阿海, 董博为, 丁明磊. 公共数据开放能否促进高校科技成果转化——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1276 -1287 .
Naerjiang·Ahai, Bo-wei DONG, Ming-lei DING. Does public data openness promote technology transfer in higher education institutions? ——Based on a quasi-natural experiment of government data platform access[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1276 -1287 .
近年来,高校在基础研究和核心技术攻关上成果显著,在自主知识体系构建中发挥着引领作用,但高校科技成果仍面临产业转化率较低的瓶颈。2025年全国两会提出,要解决高校成果转化这一难题,需多方联动,构建高校、企业和技术转移机构等多元主体参与的“全栈式、全链条”的公共转化平台,健全科技成果转化专业服务体系。在此背景下,公共数据开放作为一种新的解决思路,为促进高校科技成果转化提供了新的可能性。
公共数据开放是指政府整合公共数据资源,开放给社会主体平等使用的过程,赋予了公众数据的知情权、查询权和使用权,有助于社会主体更好地进行资源发现和产业升级,创造商业和社会价值[1]。公共数据开放平台涵盖了经济建设、教育科研、医疗健康、企业服务等便民数据,具备非竞争性与非排他性[2]。非竞争性有利于公众对原始数据进行整合、提炼与分析,以优化经济决策,发掘数据的潜在价值;非排他性有利于公共数据面向全部社会主体,基于市场力量激发数据要素的生产活力。高校科技成果转化本质上是“高校—企业”的接力创新[3],对于企业而言,公共数据开放使得企业能以较低成本获取数据资源,其带来的数据要素不仅赋能企业创新研发,还能降低企业面对的不确定性;对于高校而言,公共数据开放使得高校打破信息孤岛,消除校企之间的信息壁垒,有利于高校科技成果与市场需求的耦合。就此而言,探究公共数据开放能否以及如何影响高校科技成果转化,对于提升高校科技发展水平,释放数据要素红利具有重要意义。
本文的边际贡献在于:第一,从数据共享的角度出发,探讨公共数据开放是否对高校科技成果转化产生影响,为评估数据开放政策的实际效果提供了实证依据。第二,丰富了关于高校科技成果转化影响因素的研究。基于公共数据开放的作用机理,本文从推动校企合作和缓解转化时滞两个视角,探析了其对高校科技成果转化的影响机制,为加快成果转化提供了新的视角和抓手。第三,本文结合专利要素和区位要素差异,检验了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的异质性影响,为破解中国高校科技成果转化的瓶颈问题,推动企业创新与高校创新深度融合提供了理论依据和实践参考。
2021年《国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年计划和2035年远景目标纲要》和2022年《要素市场化配置综合改革试点总体方案》指出数据要素开放是营造良好数字生态的关键一环。稳步推动公共数据资源开放,推动建立政府部门和事业单位等公共数据资源清单,加强对政府部门数据的国家统筹管理,已被视为推动经济高质量发展的关键环节。响应国家号召,各地政府积极开展公共数据平台建设工作,相继开通了省级和市级政府数据开放平台。当前,中国公共数据开放已覆盖商业信用、交通、医疗等18个重点领域,以北京市公共数据开放平台为例,截至2025年2月,该平台已开放包括115个政府单位,18573个数据集,已开放数据量71.86亿条,平台访问量和数据下载使用量达3亿次①(①数据来源:北京市公共数据开放平台https://data.beijing.gov.cn。)。公共数据开放浪潮使得社会主体得以获取大量真实有效、丰富便利的数据资源,可以预见,这将对经济高质量发展产生深远影响。
当前,已有研究对公共数据开放的经济效应展开了分析。在宏观经济影响方面,研究探讨了公共数据开放对数字经济创新、城市创业活力和产业融合等的影响,认为其可以通过促进生产要素流动、降低制度性交易成本、推动数字经济与实体经济融合等渠道缩小区域经济差距,促进城市协调发展[4-6]。在微观经济影响方面,研究探讨了公共数据开放对企业全要素生产率、企业可持续发展能力和城乡居民收入等的影响,认为其可以通过消除信息壁垒、降低不确定性等渠道提升企业全要素生产率、促进数字化转型、提升个体的创业意愿和收入[7-9]。与本文密切相关的另一支文献是关于高校科技成果转化的研究。较多研究关注到高校科技成果转化效率的现状、评价方式及其影响因素。学者们基于Bootstrap-DEA模型和网络DEA模型等方法,构建不同的指标体系测算中国的高校科技转化效率[10],发现国内高校科技成果转化效率普遍不高[11,12]。影响转化效率的主要因素包括制度因素、内部资源因素和环境因素等。制度因素如收益分配机制、成果转化机制和技术转移办公室体制[13,14],资源因素如高校教师质量、科研经费投入和政府支持与校友资源、社会网络等[15-18],环境因素如地理距离、地区产业结构和区域创新能力[19,20]等。
综上所述,已有研究为本研究奠定了基础,但仍存在进一步拓展的空间。具体而言,现有研究多关注公共数据开放对企业绩效的经济效益,而对公共数据开放如何与高校互动并推动高校高质量发展的实证研究较为缺乏。此外,数据要素共享是公共数据开放的本质特征,当前关于高校科技成果转化的研究大多聚焦于转化效率的衡量指标搭建与测评,而对数据要素如何赋能高校科技成果转化的实证研究仍显不足。
大数据技术蓬勃发展为高校科技成果转化提供了广阔的发展平台。然而,当前高校与企业正面临着学术导向的科研考核体制与市场导向的技术创新体制之间的冲突,使高校研发成果供给与市场企业需求之间的鸿沟难以逾越[15]。在此背景下,公共数据资源的开放不仅有助于企业较为充分的了解市场信息,还能促进高校科研单位对数据资源的充分利用,为实现高校科技成果产业化发展提供强大动力。由此可见,公共数据开放在促进高校科技成果转化中具有丰富潜能。具体而言,公共数据开放将通过以下两个渠道促进高校科技成果转化。
公共数据开放有助于促进校企合作,基于校企联合研发推动科技成果转化。高校科技成果与市场需求的脱节深刻地影响成果转化,紧贴企业需求、潜在市场价值大的科技成果更为企业所青睐。一方面,公共数据及其开放使得高校能够快速了解市场环境,有助于其针对性地开展具有市场前景、易于转化的创新研发。另一方面,公共数据及其开放使得企业能够快速获得更多关于高校研发动态的信息。另外,政府数据的权威性和准确性,有助于降低企业对数据的甄别和验证成本,提升了企业搜寻和获取信息的效率[4]。例如北京市公共数据开放目录中涵盖了高校与科学院所开展科技活动的动态信息,企业可以通过识别潜在的合作高校通过合作研发、经费投入等方式形成产学研合作机制。通过匹配高校科技成果与市场需求,赋能双方合作创新,公共数据开放推动了高校实现市场导向型科研,加速技术专利从高校向企业转移。
公共数据开放能够有效降低校企之间的交易成本,缓解科技成果转化的时滞。在高校与企业进行技术转移的过程中,科研成果的供需双方往往面临信息不对称问题[21]。这种信息不对称主要体现在两个方面:一方面,高校科研机构对其研发专利技术市场化的适配性缺乏充分判断,对需求企业的信誉和业务表现等产业匹配程度存在认知局限;另一方面,由于数据信息的缺乏,企业也难以明确高校是否能提供符合市场需求的专利技术,难以评估潜在合作伙伴的可靠性与适配性。这种双向的不确定性会间接提高交易成本,阻碍市场资源的有效配置,降低高校科技成果转化的效率。当前,大量高校科技成果未能实现市场化,实质在于科技成果被高校申请为专利后,其所有权未能在短期内转移至企业并得到市场化应用,导致专利的经济效益被严重滞后,甚至成为“沉睡专利”。为破解这一困境,政府开放的数据平台为高校、企业及相关市场主体提供了一个共享信息的平台,发挥了信息集中的功能,企业据此可以在寻找可商业化专利方面做出快速且有效的决策[22],缓解由专利转化时滞带来的负面影响,提升科技成果转化的效率。
综上,公共数据开放平台会通过推动校企合作,缓解专利转化时滞进而促进高校科技成果转化。因此,本文提出:
假说1:公共数据开放会促进高校科技成果转化。
假说2:公共数据开放会通过推动校企合作促进高校科技成果转化。
假说3:公共数据开放会通过缓解专利转化时滞促进高校科技成果转化。
本文将各地区政府数据开放平台上线视为一项准自然实验,构建多期双重差分模型评估公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的影响,具体模型设定为:
$Transfe{r}_{it}={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}Ope{n}_{it}+\gamma Contro{l}_{it}+{\delta }_{i}+{\mu }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
其中,下表i表示城市,t表示年份;Transferit表示i城市高校在第t年的科技成果转化数量;Openit表示公共数据开放的虚拟变量,若城市i在第t年及以后上线公共数据平台则赋值为1,否则为0;Controlit表示城市层面控制变量集合;${\delta }_{i}$和μt分别表示城市和年份固定效应;εit为随机误差项。β1衡量了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化影响的净效应。
(1)被解释变量
专利所有权转让是一个应用较为广泛的技术流动形式,参考叶静怡等[23]的研究,本文将高校科技成果转化定义为高校专利所有权转让件数。
(2)解释变量
公共数据开放的政策处理变量Openit表示城市i在第t年及以后是否上线公共数据开放平台。本文结合复旦大学数字与移动治理实验室发布的《2024中国地方公共数据开放报告》与各省市政府部门官网,最后获得了截至2024年各市公共数据平台上线时间,若高校所在城市开通政府数据开放平台,则该高校样本在开通当年及之后取值为1,否则取值为0。
(3)机制变量
本文根据张文杰等[24]的研究,以高校与企业联合申请专利的数量衡量校企合作,并以专利首次公开日至专利转让生效日之间的月份间隔衡量专利转化时滞。
(4)控制变量
本文的控制变量有:城市发展水平,即城市人均生产总值的自然对数;城市发展能力,即城市生产总值同比增长率;城市产业结构,即城市第三产业产值占比;城市人力资本,即城市高校学生在校人数与总人口的比值;城市金融资源,即城市年末金融机构贷款余额与国民生产总值的比值;城市高新企业数量,即城市规模以上高新技术企业个数。控制变量在某些年份的缺失值采用城市i在t年间的平均值补充。本文还控制了城市效应${\delta }_{i}$和年份效应μt,并将标准误聚类到市级层面。
本文数据来源于以下几个方面:首先,高校专利数据来源于大为innojoy专利数据库,搜索并获取了全国2009至2023年高校专利转让数据16万余条。本文以专利信息中申请人所在城市为分析最小单元,汇总专利申请人所在城市所有高校的专利转让数据,样本涵盖全国264个城市;其次,公共数据开放时间的数据来源于《2024中国地方公共数据开放报告》,公共数据开放类型数据通过查阅各地区政府公共数据开放平台收集整理得到;最后,控制变量中的数据来自于历年统计年鉴。考虑到有些城市常年专利活动不活跃,数据缺失较多,本文剔除了2009-2023年15年间专利转让总数低于15的53个城市样本,最终得到的面板数据包含3165条观测值,211个城市。各变量描述性统计如表1所示。
表2报告了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化影响的基准回归结果。其中,第(1)列为控制城市和年份固定效应后的回归,公共数据开放政策的影响效应在5%水平上显著为正,初步表明公共数据开放对当地高校的科技成果转化具有显著的正向影响。此外考虑到城市之间经济、教育等方面的差异,进一步控制城市发展水平,城市发展能力,城市产业结构,城市人力资本,城市金融资源等变量后,核心解释变量的回归系数在5%的水平上仍显著为正。这些结果表明公共数据开放能够促进高校科技成果转化,假说1得到验证。
(1)平行趋势检验
多期双重差分有效的基本前提是公共数据开放前实验组与控制组城市中高校科技成果转化的趋势不随时间变化而发生改变,本文构建如下回归方程进行平行趋势检验:
$Transfe{r}_{it}={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{k}\sum _{k=-9}^{5}Ope{n}_{it}^{k}+\gamma Contro{l}_{it}+{\delta }_{i}+{\mu }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it}$
在式(2)中,k 表示公共数据开放政策实施后的第k年。样本中北京市在2012年率先上线公共数据开放平台,时间范围为2009年至2023年。由于数据开放前后的时间跨度较长,且开放前后远端年份的样本数据较少,本文将开放前第9期及以前与开放后第5期及以后的数据分别汇总,以各市公共数据开放前1年作为基期,得到了图1所示的平行趋势检验结果。如图1所示,在95%的置信区间下,公共数据开放前的回归系数围绕0波动且不显著,表明在开放前,处理组与控制组中高校科技成果转化的趋势差异不明显,满足平行趋势假定。而在开放当期处理组与控制组中高校科技成果转化趋势发现明显变化,此效果随着时间推移逐渐显现并持续增强,显示出一定程度的长期影响。
(2)安慰剂检验
为避免遗漏变量对结果的影响,本文随机生成虚拟公共数据开放城市进行安慰剂检验。若随机生成的虚拟处理变量对高校科技成果转化没有显著影响,则可以验证政策的有效性。本文进行了1000次安慰剂检验,结果如图2所示。可以看出,公共数据开放的回归结果呈现正态分布,且绝大多数回归结果在1%的显著性水平上不显著。此外,基准回归中得到的估计值20.207在1000次检验中始终表现为异常值,这表明随机生成的虚拟处理变量并未对高校科技成果转化产生实际影响,安慰剂检验通过。
(3)异质性处理效应检验
多期双重差分模型TWFE估计量可能因早期处理个体作为晚期处理个体的控制组导致估计偏误[25]。本文根据Goodman-Bacon分解法进行诊断,结果如表3所示,以“早期处理组”为控制组的权重仅为1.6%,表明异质性处理效应带来的影响较小,大部分影响来自从未上线平台的个体。此外,本文还采用De Chaisemartin和D’ Haultfoeuille分解进行诊断,发现总权重为664,包括650个正权重和14个负权重,负权重占比仅为0.64%,表明TWFE估计量无严重偏误。
(4)PSM-DID检验
针对选择性偏差导致的内生性问题,本文进一步采用倾向得分匹配模型进行稳健性检验。首先,本文以控制变量作为所要匹配的影响因素;其次,采用1:4邻近匹配法寻找最优控制组;最后,再次采用多期双重差分法进行评估。表4列(1)的结果表明,公共数据开放仍显著提高了高校科技成果转化,检验通过。
(5)排除其他政策干扰
考虑到公共数据开放实施期间其他政策影响高校科技成果转化,本文整理了四项在开放政策执行期间可能影响高校技术转移的政策,具体包括“信息惠民”政策(Xxhm)、“互联网+政务服务”政策(Zwfw)、“宽带中国”政策(Kdzg)和“大数据试验区”试点政策(Data)。为避免上述政策影响,本文在基准回归中加入这四项政策虚拟变量,结果如表4第(2)至(6)列所示。各列的回归结果表明,在考虑其他相关政策影响后,无论该政策对高校科技成果转化的影响是否显著,数据开放政策仍显著提升了高校专利转让数。
(6)双重机器学习因果检验
本文在控制城市发展水平、产业结构及人力资本等维度变量时,可能面临多重共线性与“维度诅咒”问题。为此,本文借鉴李华龙等[26]的双重机器学习因果检验方法,通过处理变量间非线性交互关系缓解模型设定偏误。具体地,本文将样本以1 ∶4的比例将样本分割为训练集与测试集,逐步加入控制变量的多次项,采用随机森林算法进行检验。结果如表5所示,公共数据开放的回归系数均在5%的水平上显著为正。
基于理论分析,本文提出了两个影响机制即公共数据开放通过促进校企合作创新和缓解专利转化时滞,促进高校科技成果转化。若假说2成立,那么可以观察到,公共数据开放将提升校企联合申请专利的数量。由于本文的外生冲击在城市层面,难以估计数据开放对单个专利转让时滞的影响,基于已有研究[27],本文通过转让时滞的异质性分析间接检验假说3。若假说3成立,那么可以观察到,公共数据开放促进高校专利转化的作用应该在转化时滞较长的情境下较强。根据地区i专利转化的平均时长,本文将样本划分为长期专利转化组与短期专利转化组分组回归。结果如表6所示,第(1)列Open的估计系数为4.116,在1%的显著性水平上显著为正,说明数据开放能够有效提升校企合作水平,促进高校科技成果转化,本文假说2得证。第(2)(3)列Open的估计系数在10%的显著性水平上显著为正,且长期组的估计系数显著高于短期组②(②组间系数差异P值小于0.05,备索。),说明在专利转化时滞较长的城市,公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的促进作用相对更强,本文假说3得证。
(1)专利类型异质性
根据中国《专利法》对不同类型专利的定义区分和已有研究[28]对不同专利类型创新水平的探讨,本文分别以发明专利、实用新型专利和外观设计专利转让数量表示不同类型成果转化,分组探究公共数据开放对其影响。结果如表7第(1)(2)(3)列所示,数据开放对3种类型专利的转化均有显著的促进作用,而且这种促进作用在发明专利和实用型专利具有更明显的表现,表明其对高创新水平的成果转化具有显著的推动作用。
(2)专利质量异质性
专利质量是影响其能否满足企业需求,实现转化的重要因素,相比于低质量低价值的专利,高质量高价值的专利更能获得企业的青睐而更易实现转化。本文借鉴已有研究[29],根据大为专利指数DPI的中位数将样本划分为低质量专利与高质量专利,分组探究数据开放的异质性影响。结果如表7第(4)(5)列所示,专利平均质量较高时数据开放显著促进了其转化,而专利质量较低时则没有显著的促进作用,这可能是由于低质量专利难以满足企业需求,而高质量专利更加符合市场需求更易得到转化。
(1)数据开放质量的异质性
为分析数据开放质量对高校科技成果转化的异质性影响,本文将《中国地方政府数据开放报告》构建的开放林指数作为公共数据开放整体质量的代理变量。本研究按照样本期内开放林指数平均排名前40名③(③开放林指数平均排名参见中国开放数林指数网http://www.ifopendata.cn。)的城市划分为高质量组,其余划分为低质量组进行分组回归,结果如表8第(1)(2)列所示。结果表明,在高质量开放地区,数据开放对高校科技成果转化的促进作用更明显。这意味着相关讨论不仅需要关注数据是否开放,还要提升数据开放的质量。
(2)数字基础设施的异质性
高校和企业对数据资源的利用离不开所在地区数字基础设施条件的支持。本文借鉴孙伟增等[30]的研究,采用电信业务收入衡量基础设施条件,根据其中位数将样本划分为低和高数字基础设施组,以探究数字基础设施的异质性,结果如表8第(3)(4)列所示。结果表明:在数字基础设施条件高的组中,数据开放对成果转化具有更加良好的促进作用,而在数字基础设施条件低的组中,影响不明显。这一结果表明,较为完善的数字基础设施更有利发挥公共数据平台对成果转化的作用。
如何打通高校科技成果转化的“最后一公里”是当前实现高校高质量发展,提升新质生产力的重点议题。本文基于2009-2023年全国高校专利转让数据,以政府数据平台上线为准自然实验,采用双重差分模型探究了公共数据开放对高校科技成果转化的影响。结论表明:第一,公共数据开放显著促进了高校科技成果的转化,这一基准结果在一系列稳健性检验下依然成立;第二,公共数据开放会通过推动校企合作、缓解专利转化时滞两个渠道促进高校科技成果转化;第三,公共数据开放对发明专利和高质量专利转化的促进作用更大,在数据开放质量更高和数字基础设施更好的地区作用效果更为显著。本文补充了已有文献当中关于公共数据开放能否促进高校科技成果转化的不足,进一步拓展和丰富了公共数据开放的研究视域。本文相关研究结论也为更好发挥公共数据开放的价值,助力健全高校科技成果服务体系提供了如下启示。
(1)在政府层面,一是加快推动公共数据的开放,引导企业、高校和科研院所等社会多元主体参与公共数据平台的建设,为科技成果转化搭建“沟通桥梁”;二是实施差异化政策支持,对数据基础设施薄弱的地区,需给予一定程度的政策倾斜和技术指导,助力高校跨越科技成果转化的区域鸿沟;三是提升数据开放的质量,建立公共数据使用的反馈机制,提高其使用效率。
(2)在高校层面,一是积极开展校企合作,通过联合技术研发提升高校科技成果的产业适配性;二是全面展示科研成果,建设涵盖基础研究至市场应用成果的信息平台,提升外界对高校科研成果的了解;三是确保质量优先,重视高质量技术的研发,紧密对接产业需求,有效破解科技成果转化梗阻。
(3)在企业层面,一是随时关注高校科研成果动态,通过专利转让等方式获取自身所需技术,减少因信息不对称导致科研成果转化时滞延长;二是及时表达自身需求,明确技术目标、预算规模、合作模式等,形成“企业出题、高校答题、平台助力”的产学研深度融合闭环。
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2026年第44卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2025-04-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-11
  • 修回日期:2025-06-12
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国家高端智库重点研究课题(ZXZK202410)
国家高端智库重点研究课题(ZXZK202502)
作者信息
    1 北京大学教育学院, 北京 100871
    2 北京大学继续教育学院, 北京 100871
    3 科学技术部新质生产力促进中心, 北京 100029

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丁明磊(1976-),男,研究员,博士, E-mail: 。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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