Article(id=1309226346996392243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=1751385600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790073485373, onlineDateStr=2026-09-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790073485373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790073485373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790073485373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309226306445865584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1121', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790073475705, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790073520980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1241, endPage=1251, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309226347214496052, articleId=1309226346996392243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Antecedents of innovation talk-action gaps in manufacturing single champion firms, columnId=1309226334803550422, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Innovation Explorations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the context of China’s push toward high-quality development in the manufacturing sector, the phenomenon of “innovation talk-action discrepancy” has attracted growing attention. While some firms emphasize innovation narratives in their disclosures, their actual innovation outputs often fail to align. This inconsistency can distort resource allocation and undermine the effectiveness of innovation policies. To explore the underlying mechanisms of such discrepancies, this study selects China’s manufacturing “single champion” firms—recognized as exemplary representatives of the “little giant” or specialized and sophisticated enterprises—as its research sample. These firms play a vital role in driving breakthroughs in key technologies, and their innovation behaviors have strong signaling effects in both policy and market environments.

Drawing upon the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) framework, we identify six antecedent conditions and employ dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) based on panel data to examine the complex configurations that lead to either consistency or inconsistency between innovation disclosures (“talk”) and innovation outcomes (“action”). Innovation discrepancy is measured by the residual between textual innovation disclosures in annual reports and actual patent applications. Firms are classified into “talk-action consistent” and “talk-action inconsistent” categories based on the standardized residual range.

Our findings reveal that no single factor alone is necessary to explain the emergence of innovation talk-action discrepancy. Instead, multiple configurations of conditions—representing different behavioral logics—jointly account for the observed patterns. Specifically, three distinct pathways are identified as drivers of “talk-action inconsistency”: (1) policy-driven signaling, wherein firms exaggerate innovation language to align with government incentives; (2) packaging innovation, where firms focus on impression management for investors; and (3) survival-oriented strategies in resource-constrained environments. In contrast, two main configurations lead to “talk-action consistency”: (1) prudent innovation, associated with firms having strong internal capabilities and long-term orientation, and (2) pragmatic innovation, driven by technological strength and strategic clarity.

Although the configurations themselves remain relatively stable over time, our dynamic analysis reveals that the consistency of the “talk-action inconsistent” configurations exhibited sharp fluctuations in 2020, likely linked to the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent policy shocks. Conversely, the consistency of “talk-action consistent” configurations increased notably in 2022, coinciding with the nationwide reopening and renewed emphasis on industrial upgrading.

The study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it introduces a unified analytical framework that integrates innovation disclosures and outputs, moving beyond prior studies that often treated them as separate domains or conducted only comparative analyses. Second, it adopts a configurational perspective to examine the interplay among multiple antecedents rather than relying on linear or single-variable approaches. Third, by incorporating temporal dynamics through panel-based QCA, the study addresses the limitations of static cross-sectional designs and provides richer insights into the evolution of innovation behavior under changing external environments.

Practically, the findings offer valuable implications for both policymakers and enterprise managers. For government agencies, the results underscore the importance of refining innovation incentive mechanisms and developing more reliable performance evaluation systems that account for both input and output dimensions. For regulatory bodies and investors, the study highlights the need for more sophisticated disclosure verification tools—such as big data analysis and natural language processing—to detect inflated innovation narratives. For enterprises, especially those in traditional manufacturing industries, the results suggest that building robust internal innovation capabilities and fostering consistent innovation execution can help achieve authentic and sustainable growth.

Overall, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of innovation behavior among “little giant” firms and provides actionable recommendations to promote the high-quality development of China’s specialized and sophisticated enterprises in the manufacturing sector.

, authors=Bai-tong CHEN1, Xiang XIAO1, Xin-zhong BAO2, Zi-jun XU1, authorsList=Bai-tong CHEN, Xiang XIAO, Xin-zhong BAO, Zi-jun XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309226361571598759, articleId=1309226346996392243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=制造业单项冠军企业创新言行差异的前因研究, columnId=1309226334996488408, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=创新探索, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以制造业单项冠军企业为样本,使用动态QCA方法探究动机、机会和能力三方面的6个前因条件对创新“言行差异”的复杂影响。研究发现:单一要素并不构成创新“言行不一”和创新“言行一致”的必要条件。造成创新“言行不一”的路径可归纳为政策迎合型、包装创新型和生存压力型,驱动创新“言行一致”的路径可归纳为稳健创新型和务实创新型。虽然各组态未表现出明显的时间效应,但造成创新“言行不一”的组态一致性在2020年出现明显波动,驱动创新“言行一致”的组态一致性在2022年集中上升,这可能与疫情的爆发和全面放开有关。在传统制造业企业中,创新“言行不一”现象主要源于政策迎合和包装创新两类路径,而驱动创新“言行一致”的务实创新型组态所能解释的案例多分布于高端制造业。研究结果不仅丰富了以制造业单项冠军企业为代表的专精特新企业创新行为的理论认知,也为优化创新激励机制、提升信息披露真实性及强化创新执行力提供实践参考。对推动专精特新企业的高质量发展具有重要现实意义。

, authors=陈柏彤1, 肖翔1, 鲍新中2, 徐梓钧1, authorsList=陈柏彤, 肖翔, 鲍新中, 徐梓钧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖翔, authorNote=

陈柏彤(1998-),女,博士研究生。

鲍新中(1968-),男,教授、博士生导师。

徐梓钧(2002-),男,博士研究生。

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肖翔(1970-),女,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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陈柏彤(1998-),女,博士研究生。

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数据来源:作者自行计算整理。

, figureFileSmall=yEUmq+P/ZO5zrb5OfilGfQ==, figureFileBig=qraaazyhIlEGMAXAitriow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365816234446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Theoretical framework, figureFileSmall=JLbtwAwowrs6Xu5opIxbSg==, figureFileBig=fbgptxBnowvNmvobjlEMDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365900120527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=图2, caption=理论框架, figureFileSmall=JLbtwAwowrs6Xu5opIxbSg==, figureFileBig=fbgptxBnowvNmvobjlEMDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226365992395216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable definition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 变量定义
结果变量 创新“言行差异” 使用专利申请数与创新文本信息披露的标准化回归残差计算得到
动机 政府补贴 政府补贴金额/年末总资产
机会 智能化投资水平 智能化投资总额/年末总资产
条件变量 数字化应用程度 数字赋能相关关键词的逆文档概率词频
数字背景高管 拥有数字化背景的高管数量
能力 冗余资源 流动比率=流动资产/流动负债
融资能力 ROE=净利润/净资产
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366059504081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 变量定义
结果变量 创新“言行差异” 使用专利申请数与创新文本信息披露的标准化回归残差计算得到
动机 政府补贴 政府补贴金额/年末总资产
机会 智能化投资水平 智能化投资总额/年末总资产
条件变量 数字化应用程度 数字赋能相关关键词的逆文档概率词频
数字背景高管 拥有数字化背景的高管数量
能力 冗余资源 流动比率=流动资产/流动负债
融资能力 ROE=净利润/净资产
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366147584466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics of variables with calibrated anchors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 描述性统计 校准
均值 标准差 最大值 最小值 完全隶属 交叉点 完全不隶属
结果变量 创新“言行差异” 0.001 0.160 0.443 -0.915 0.273 0.000 -0.256
条件变量 政府补贴 0.023 0.024 0.200 0.000 0.070 0.017 0.000
智能化投资水平 0.115 0.163 0.815 0.000 0.495 0.026 0.000
数字化应用程度 0.001 0.001 0.012 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000
数字背景高管 5.016 3.647 27.000 0.000 12.000 5.000 0.000
冗余资源 1.820 1.681 30.319 0.000 3.970 1.521 0.000
融资能力 0.081 0.108 0.433 -1.432 0.214 0.083 -0.028
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366227276243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量的描述性统计与校准锚点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称 描述性统计 校准
均值 标准差 最大值 最小值 完全隶属 交叉点 完全不隶属
结果变量 创新“言行差异” 0.001 0.160 0.443 -0.915 0.273 0.000 -0.256
条件变量 政府补贴 0.023 0.024 0.200 0.000 0.070 0.017 0.000
智能化投资水平 0.115 0.163 0.815 0.000 0.495 0.026 0.000
数字化应用程度 0.001 0.001 0.012 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000
数字背景高管 5.016 3.647 27.000 0.000 12.000 5.000 0.000
冗余资源 1.820 1.681 30.319 0.000 3.970 1.521 0.000
融资能力 0.081 0.108 0.433 -1.432 0.214 0.083 -0.028
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366327939540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the conditions of necessity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件变量 创新“言行不一” 创新“言行一致”
汇总一致性 汇总覆盖度 组间一致性
调整距离
组内一致性
调整距离
汇总一致性 汇总覆盖度 组间一致性
调整距离
组内一致性
调整距离
高政府补贴 0.572 0.622 0.171 0.399 0.687 0.739 0.144 0.311
非高政府补贴 0.760 0.711 0.091 0.266 0.649 0.600 0.117 0.366
高智能化投资 0.546 0.640 0.386 0.455 0.578 0.669 0.339 0.433
非高智能化投资 0.717 0.632 0.288 0.288 0.689 0.600 0.285 0.322
高数字技术应用程度 0.555 0.648 0.205 0.477 0.630 0.727 0.154 0.410
非高数字技术应用程度 0.766 0.677 0.107 0.311 0.696 0.607 0.087 0.366
具有数字背景高管 0.551 0.610 0.134 0.488 0.672 0.735 0.138 0.355
不具有数字背景高管 0.761 0.701 0.054 0.311 0.644 0.587 0.084 0.377
高冗余资源 0.689 0.692 0.070 0.322 0.677 0.672 0.097 0.311
非高冗余资源 0.673 0.678 0.034 0.355 0.689 0.686 0.050 0.333
高融资能力 0.672 0.686 0.117 0.322 0.627 0.632 0.104 0.366
非高融资能力 0.639 0.634 0.117 0.366 0.688 0.675 0.094 0.322
), ArticleFig(id=1309226366432797141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

必要性条件分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件变量 创新“言行不一” 创新“言行一致”
汇总一致性 汇总覆盖度 组间一致性
调整距离
组内一致性
调整距离
汇总一致性 汇总覆盖度 组间一致性
调整距离
组内一致性
调整距离
高政府补贴 0.572 0.622 0.171 0.399 0.687 0.739 0.144 0.311
非高政府补贴 0.760 0.711 0.091 0.266 0.649 0.600 0.117 0.366
高智能化投资 0.546 0.640 0.386 0.455 0.578 0.669 0.339 0.433
非高智能化投资 0.717 0.632 0.288 0.288 0.689 0.600 0.285 0.322
高数字技术应用程度 0.555 0.648 0.205 0.477 0.630 0.727 0.154 0.410
非高数字技术应用程度 0.766 0.677 0.107 0.311 0.696 0.607 0.087 0.366
具有数字背景高管 0.551 0.610 0.134 0.488 0.672 0.735 0.138 0.355
不具有数字背景高管 0.761 0.701 0.054 0.311 0.644 0.587 0.084 0.377
高冗余资源 0.689 0.692 0.070 0.322 0.677 0.672 0.097 0.311
非高冗余资源 0.673 0.678 0.034 0.355 0.689 0.686 0.050 0.333
高融资能力 0.672 0.686 0.117 0.322 0.627 0.632 0.104 0.366
非高融资能力 0.639 0.634 0.117 0.366 0.688 0.675 0.094 0.322
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368123101654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The antecedent configuration of the innovation “word and deed” inconsistency

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件变量 创新“言行不一”
政策迎合型 包装创新型 生存压力型
A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2
政府补贴
智能化投资水平
数字技术应用程度
数字背景高管
冗余资源
融资能力
原始一致性 0.826 0.814 0.890 0.901 0.900 0.877 0.886 0.906
PRI一致性 0.639 0.611 0.717 0.693 0.679 0.659 0.676 0.710
覆盖度 0.550 0.540 0.372 0.317 0.361 0.348 0.329 0.318
唯一覆盖度 0.040 0.062 0.007 0.001 0.014 0.008 0.007 0.010
组间一致性调整距离 0.030 0.047 0.034 0.027 0.030 0.020 0.034 0.030
组内一致性调整距离 0.266 0.266 0.211 0.200 0.200 0.222 0.222 0.200
总体一致性 0.779
总体PRI 0.593
总体覆盖度 0.719
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368215376343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

创新“言行不一”的前因组态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件变量 创新“言行不一”
政策迎合型 包装创新型 生存压力型
A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2
政府补贴
智能化投资水平
数字技术应用程度
数字背景高管
冗余资源
融资能力
原始一致性 0.826 0.814 0.890 0.901 0.900 0.877 0.886 0.906
PRI一致性 0.639 0.611 0.717 0.693 0.679 0.659 0.676 0.710
覆盖度 0.550 0.540 0.372 0.317 0.361 0.348 0.329 0.318
唯一覆盖度 0.040 0.062 0.007 0.001 0.014 0.008 0.007 0.010
组间一致性调整距离 0.030 0.047 0.034 0.027 0.030 0.020 0.034 0.030
组内一致性调整距离 0.266 0.266 0.211 0.200 0.200 0.222 0.222 0.200
总体一致性 0.779
总体PRI 0.593
总体覆盖度 0.719
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368299262424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Antecedent configurations for realizing the “walk the talk” of innovation

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条件变量 创新“言行一致”
稳健创新型 务实创新型
D1 D2 E1 E2
政府补贴
智能化投资水平
数字技术应用程度
数字背景高管
冗余资源
融资能力
原始一致性 0.886 0.887 0.877 0.872
PRI一致性 0.682 0.721 0.651 0.677
覆盖度 0.400 0.434 0.366 0.402
唯一覆盖度 0.007 0.071 0.009 0.015
组间一致性调整距离 0.023 0.017 0.040 0.030
组内一致性调整距离 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.255
总体一致性 0.867
总体PRI 0.698
总体覆盖度 0.517
), ArticleFig(id=1309226368387342809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226346996392243, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

实现创新“言行一致”的前因组态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件变量 创新“言行一致”
稳健创新型 务实创新型
D1 D2 E1 E2
政府补贴
智能化投资水平
数字技术应用程度
数字背景高管
冗余资源
融资能力
原始一致性 0.886 0.887 0.877 0.872
PRI一致性 0.682 0.721 0.651 0.677
覆盖度 0.400 0.434 0.366 0.402
唯一覆盖度 0.007 0.071 0.009 0.015
组间一致性调整距离 0.023 0.017 0.040 0.030
组内一致性调整距离 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.255
总体一致性 0.867
总体PRI 0.698
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制造业单项冠军企业创新言行差异的前因研究
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陈柏彤 1 , 肖翔 1 , 鲍新中 2 , 徐梓钧 1
科学学研究 | 创新探索 2026,44(6): 1241-1251
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科学学研究 |创新探索 2026 , 44 (6) : 1241 -1251
制造业单项冠军企业创新言行差异的前因研究
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陈柏彤1, 肖翔1 , 鲍新中2, 徐梓钧1
作者信息
  • 1 北京交通大学经济管理学院, 北京 100044
  • 2 北京联合大学, 北京 100101
通讯作者:
肖翔(1970-),女,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈柏彤(1998-),女,博士研究生。

鲍新中(1968-),男,教授、博士生导师。

徐梓钧(2002-),男,博士研究生。

Antecedents of innovation talk-action gaps in manufacturing single champion firms
Bai-tong CHEN1, Xiang XIAO1 , Xin-zhong BAO2, Zi-jun XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • 2 Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15
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以制造业单项冠军企业为样本,使用动态QCA方法探究动机、机会和能力三方面的6个前因条件对创新“言行差异”的复杂影响。研究发现:单一要素并不构成创新“言行不一”和创新“言行一致”的必要条件。造成创新“言行不一”的路径可归纳为政策迎合型、包装创新型和生存压力型,驱动创新“言行一致”的路径可归纳为稳健创新型和务实创新型。虽然各组态未表现出明显的时间效应,但造成创新“言行不一”的组态一致性在2020年出现明显波动,驱动创新“言行一致”的组态一致性在2022年集中上升,这可能与疫情的爆发和全面放开有关。在传统制造业企业中,创新“言行不一”现象主要源于政策迎合和包装创新两类路径,而驱动创新“言行一致”的务实创新型组态所能解释的案例多分布于高端制造业。研究结果不仅丰富了以制造业单项冠军企业为代表的专精特新企业创新行为的理论认知,也为优化创新激励机制、提升信息披露真实性及强化创新执行力提供实践参考。对推动专精特新企业的高质量发展具有重要现实意义。

创新“言行不一”  /  创新“言行一致”  /  动态QCA  /  制造业单项冠军企业  /  MOA理论

In the context of China’s push toward high-quality development in the manufacturing sector, the phenomenon of “innovation talk-action discrepancy” has attracted growing attention. While some firms emphasize innovation narratives in their disclosures, their actual innovation outputs often fail to align. This inconsistency can distort resource allocation and undermine the effectiveness of innovation policies. To explore the underlying mechanisms of such discrepancies, this study selects China’s manufacturing “single champion” firms—recognized as exemplary representatives of the “little giant” or specialized and sophisticated enterprises—as its research sample. These firms play a vital role in driving breakthroughs in key technologies, and their innovation behaviors have strong signaling effects in both policy and market environments.

Drawing upon the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) framework, we identify six antecedent conditions and employ dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) based on panel data to examine the complex configurations that lead to either consistency or inconsistency between innovation disclosures (“talk”) and innovation outcomes (“action”). Innovation discrepancy is measured by the residual between textual innovation disclosures in annual reports and actual patent applications. Firms are classified into “talk-action consistent” and “talk-action inconsistent” categories based on the standardized residual range.

Our findings reveal that no single factor alone is necessary to explain the emergence of innovation talk-action discrepancy. Instead, multiple configurations of conditions—representing different behavioral logics—jointly account for the observed patterns. Specifically, three distinct pathways are identified as drivers of “talk-action inconsistency”: (1) policy-driven signaling, wherein firms exaggerate innovation language to align with government incentives; (2) packaging innovation, where firms focus on impression management for investors; and (3) survival-oriented strategies in resource-constrained environments. In contrast, two main configurations lead to “talk-action consistency”: (1) prudent innovation, associated with firms having strong internal capabilities and long-term orientation, and (2) pragmatic innovation, driven by technological strength and strategic clarity.

Although the configurations themselves remain relatively stable over time, our dynamic analysis reveals that the consistency of the “talk-action inconsistent” configurations exhibited sharp fluctuations in 2020, likely linked to the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent policy shocks. Conversely, the consistency of “talk-action consistent” configurations increased notably in 2022, coinciding with the nationwide reopening and renewed emphasis on industrial upgrading.

The study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it introduces a unified analytical framework that integrates innovation disclosures and outputs, moving beyond prior studies that often treated them as separate domains or conducted only comparative analyses. Second, it adopts a configurational perspective to examine the interplay among multiple antecedents rather than relying on linear or single-variable approaches. Third, by incorporating temporal dynamics through panel-based QCA, the study addresses the limitations of static cross-sectional designs and provides richer insights into the evolution of innovation behavior under changing external environments.

Practically, the findings offer valuable implications for both policymakers and enterprise managers. For government agencies, the results underscore the importance of refining innovation incentive mechanisms and developing more reliable performance evaluation systems that account for both input and output dimensions. For regulatory bodies and investors, the study highlights the need for more sophisticated disclosure verification tools—such as big data analysis and natural language processing—to detect inflated innovation narratives. For enterprises, especially those in traditional manufacturing industries, the results suggest that building robust internal innovation capabilities and fostering consistent innovation execution can help achieve authentic and sustainable growth.

Overall, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of innovation behavior among “little giant” firms and provides actionable recommendations to promote the high-quality development of China’s specialized and sophisticated enterprises in the manufacturing sector.

innovation “inconsistency”  /  innovation “consistency”  /  dynamic QCA  /  manufacturing champion firms  /  motivation-opportunity-ability theory
陈柏彤, 肖翔, 鲍新中, 徐梓钧. 制造业单项冠军企业创新言行差异的前因研究. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1241 -1251 .
Bai-tong CHEN, Xiang XIAO, Xin-zhong BAO, Zi-jun XU. Antecedents of innovation talk-action gaps in manufacturing single champion firms[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1241 -1251 .
近年来,国家高度重视专精特新企业发展,连续3年将其写入《政府工作报告》,推动其在关键核心技术攻关、产业链升级和区域创新中发挥引领作用。制造业单项冠军企业作为其中技术水平高、市场占有率强、创新能力突出的代表,承担着突破“卡脖子”环节、支撑高端制造的重任。在政策加持和市场期待下,这类企业的创新表现备受关注。但现实中部分企业在创新披露中存在“言行差异”现象[1]。随着政策扶持加大,企业创新信息逐渐成为监管与市场关注焦点。普华永道《2022年全球投资者调查》显示,88%的中国内地投资者关注企业创新,但其中89%对其披露信息的真实性存疑。制造业单项冠军企业中也存在通过夸大研发、模糊技术成果等方式回应审查与激励的问题。本研究以创新产出对创新文本信息披露的标准化回归残差衡量创新“言行差异”,将差异度在0~0.1的企业视为“言行一致”,0.1~1的视为“言行不一”,统计发现(如图1),A股企业中,创新“言行不一”企业长期占多数,说明该现象具有普遍性和结构性。这不仅可能误导投资者、导致资源错配,也削弱了政策激励的精准性,制约高质量发展战略的有效推进。因此,厘清创新“言行不一”的形成机制、识别促成“言行一致”的路径,具有重要理论与实践意义。
现有研究多从创新产出与信息披露两个维度探讨企业创新行为,部分引入组态视角揭示其路径机制[2-5]。虽取得积极进展,但仍存在不足。一方面,多数研究将创新的“言”与“行”割裂开来,缺乏系统刻画;另一方面,当前研究大多基于静态视角,难以反映企业创新行为随政策环境和外部冲击演化的动态特征。此外,虽部分文献采用组态分析方法,但多聚焦于资源或环境的交互,缺乏对“动机—机会—能力”三元机制的系统整合与实证验证。
基于此,本文使用动态QCA方法,系统分析制造业单项冠军企业创新“言行差异”的前因组态,重点回答两个问题:第一,动态视角下,制造业单项冠军企业创新“言行不一”如何形成?第二,哪些路径能够推动实现创新“言行一致”?以期用系统性和动态性视角深化对企业创新信息披露机制的理解,为政策制定者、企业管理者和投资者提供参考。本文的创新之处主要有以下三点:第一,关注创新“言行差异”现象,系统揭示其多维生成机制,弥补以往研究割裂“言”与“行”的不足。第二,基于多因素组态视角,识别制造业单项冠军企业创新“言行差异”的多元路径,拓展创新信息披露研究范式。第三,采用动态QCA方法,增强了研究的动态解释力与因果识别能力。
MOA理论认为个体或组织的行为受到动机(motivation)、机会(opportunity)和能力(ability)3个关键因素的共同作用[6]。作为一种复杂的组织行为,创新“言行差异”同样源于多重因素交互作用,故MOA理论为识别企业创新“言行一致”或“言行不一”的成因路径提供了契合的分析框架。基于此,本文从动机、机会与能力3个维度出发,选取6个关键条件变量,构建分析框架(见图2),以揭示制造业单项冠军企业创新“言行差异”的成因路径。
动机(M)层面,本文将政府补贴视为影响创新“言行差异”的关键动机因素。政府补贴作为重要政策工具,一方面可缓解企业研发投入压力,激励其开展真实创新,从而减少“言行差异”[7];但另一方面,部分企业也可能出于获取补贴目的,在创新披露中夸大其词,导致创新承诺与行为不符。
机会(O)层面,智能化投资和数字技术应用程度为企业做出创新“言行差异”决策提供契机。智能化投资反映企业是否具备将创新转化为现实成果的物质基础;而数字技术的广泛应用提升了企业对外表达与塑造创新形象的能力。两者共同决定了企业是选择真实推动创新,还是借助披露进行“包装”。
能力(A)层面,数字背景高管、冗余资源和融资能力是企业能否承受“言行差异”可能带来风险的关键能力基础。数字化高管有助于精准把握创新趋势与披露策略;冗余资源为企业创新试错提供缓冲空间;而融资能力则增强了其应对市场预期落差的抗压能力。
相较于传统回归分析,QCA方法融合定性与定量优势,能揭示前因条件的多重组合路径及其替代性,有效拓展结果解释视角[8,9]。但传统fsQCA基于截面数据,存在“时间盲区”问题[10]。为克服上述局限,本文使用基于面板数据的动态QCA方法,分析企业创新“言行差异”的动态生成机制。动态QCA不仅扩大了样本容量,还将一致性细分为汇总、组间和组内3个维度,有效提升了识别组态中时间效应和个体效应的能力[11]。
本文选取制造业单项冠军上市公司作为研究样本,主要基于以下考虑:一方面,该类企业在细分行业中长期保持市场占有率和技术领先优势,是“专精特新”企业中技术密集型和创新能力突出的代表,承担着突破关键核心技术、支撑产业链高端发展的战略使命;另一方面,作为上市企业,其创新信息披露行为不仅关系到资本市场的信息透明度与资源配置效率,也更容易受到监管机构和投资者的广泛关注。基于此,制造业单项冠军企业兼具政策引导性、创新代表性与信息可得性,作为研究样本具有较强的针对性与典型性。
样本筛选步骤为:(1)整理并筛选出工业和信息化部公布的前八批制造业单项冠军企业;(2)由于制造业单项冠军企业并不是“终身制”,剔除经工业和信息化部复核后不符合要求的企业;(3)考虑到数据可得性,剔除非上市的制造业单项冠军企业,得到上市的制造业单项冠军企业151家;(4)剔除数据存在严重缺失的样本,得到120个有效样本。主观创新信息披露和数字技术应用程度指标通过python爬取企业年度报告获得,其余指标数据来源于CSMAR数据库、WIND数据库。为排除异常值的影响,对所有连续变量进行了上下1%的缩尾处理。
本研究的时间范围是2016-2023年,原因是:(1)2016年是我国正式提出制造业单项冠军企业培育计划的起始年份,工信部和中国工业经济联合会开始遴选并支持一批专注于特定细分市场、创新能力突出的企业。因此,从2016年开始研究,可以更好地捕捉政策对企业创新行为的影响。(2)2016年后,数字化、智能制造等技术快速发展,企业创新行为及其叙事方式受到深刻影响。随着人工智能、大数据等技术在企业管理中的应用,企业可能更倾向于通过创新叙事提升市场形象,因此这一时期的研究能够反映数字化转型背景下的创新“言行差异”特征。
(1)条件变量
①动机层面
政府补贴。借鉴已有研究,使用企业政府补贴占年末总资产的比值衡量政府补贴。
②机会层面
智能化投资水平。参照张远和李焕杰[12]的做法,将企业财务报表附注中公布的包含“智能、软件”等词的无形资产项目,以及包含“电子设备、计算机”等词的固定资产项目,视为智能化相关内容,使用智能化相关内容占年末总资产的比值作为企业智能化投资水平的代理变量。数字技术应用程度。参考包群等[13]的做法,计算数字赋能指标词典①(①借鉴包群等构建的数字赋能指标词典,包括“AI技术、人工智能、计算机技术、信息技术、智能化、自动化、神经网络、虚拟现实、数据科学、数据挖掘、数字化、信息化、信息化战略、生物识别、人脸识别、机器学习、深度学习、自然语言处理、图像识别、语音识别、云计算、云平台、云安全、物联网”等词。)中关键词的逆文档概率词频,用作企业数字技术应用程度的代理变量。
③能力层面
数字背景高管。参考王超等[14]的研究,若企业高管的所学专业中包含“信息、智能、软件、电子、通信、系统、网络、自动、无线、计算机”,则将该高管视为具有数字背景的高管。本文以企业拥有的数字背景高管人数作为数字背景高管的代理变量。冗余资源。参考杨林和徐培栋[15]的研究,使用流动比率衡量企业的冗余资源。融资能力。参考杨林和徐培栋[15]的研究,使用表征企业盈利能力的ROE衡量企业的融资能力,盈利能力越强的企业融资能力也越强。
(2)结果变量
在衡量超出正常范围的信息披露时,残差法是一种常用的方法。例如,黄哲等[16]采用残差法测度数字化转型的“多言寡行”;曹伟等[17]利用残差法识别互联网+信息披露中的夸大成分;Chu等[18]则基于残差法评估新产品的创新程度。借鉴这些研究思路,本文采用企业主观创新信息披露程度对企业专利申请数量的标准化回归残差(stdskew)来衡量企业创新层面的“言行差异”。回归模型见式(5)。
$iti{d}_{i,t}={\alpha }_{0}innovatio{n}_{i,t}+\sum control{s}_{i,t}+Industry+year+{\epsilon }_{i,t}$
式(1)中,itid代表企业创新信息披露程度(“言”),本文参考程新生等[19]构建的创新词库,使用Python爬取上市公司年报,并结合Word2Vec词向量嵌入技术,提取年报文本中创新目标、创新禀赋、创新进展和创新成果4类创新相关词的出现频次,并在此基础上加 1取对数处理。innovation代表企业创新的“行”,以专利申请数量加 1取对数度量。此外,本文在模型(2)中加入一系列控制变量(controls),参考已有研究,控制变量包括公司规模(size)、企业年龄(age)、资产负债率(lev)、企业成长性(growth)、第一大股东持股比例(hold)、董事会规模(board)、独立董事占比(indep)、经营现金流(cashflow)和企业性质(soe)。同时,模型控制行业(Industry)和年份(year)固定效应,以消除行业和时间因素的影响。回归模型(2)的结果表明,解释变量与创新信息披露程度(itid)在 1% 的显著性水平上存在稳健关联,模型整体拟合度较高,各变量的回归系数方向符合理论预期,说明模型在衡量企业创新“多言寡行”方面具有较强的解释力。
最终,模型(2)的回归残差代表了在给定的专利申请数量下,企业披露的创新信息相对于模型预测值的偏差,即企业披露的主观创新信息中无法由客观创新产出解释的部分。将残差标准化处理后定义为创新“言行差异”,数值越大,说明企业年报中的创新信息披露与其真实创新产出之间的偏差越大,企业创新越“言行不一”,反之,企业创新越“言行一致”。
各变量定义见下表1。
(3)数据校准
在动态QCA中,数据校准是将原始变量转化为一个集合隶属的关键步骤。校准过程将定量数据转换为0到1之间的隶属度,以表示案例对特定集合的隶属程度。参考杜运周等[20]的做法,本文采用直接校准方法,预设完全隶属、交叉点和完全不隶属3个关键锚点。分别选取结果变量和条件变量的95%分位数、50%分位数和5%分位数作为3个锚点[21]。为避免案例难以归类或不被分析,对于隶属度为0.5的集合,我们在其隶属度上增加0.001进行调整。变量的描述性统计结果和校准锚点详见表2。
必要性分析用于判断某一条件变量是否在结果出现时始终存在。在动态QCA中,若某变量的汇总一致性大于0.9且汇总覆盖度大于0.5,则视为结果发生的必要条件;若组间一致性调整距离大于0.2,则需进一步考察[22]。条件变量的必要性分析见表3,由表3可知,政府补贴、数字背景高管、冗余资源和融资能力的汇总一致性均小于0.9,且组间一致性调整距离小于0.2,说明它们不构成创新“言行不一”和创新“言行一致”的必要条件。但智能化投资和数字技术应用程度的组间一致性调整距离存在大于0.2的情况,需进一步考察。其中,情况2在2021-2023年、情况5在2023年的组间一致性均高于0.9,且覆盖度超过0.5,具有潜在必要性。为此,绘制散点图进一步验证。散点图表明,多数案例分布于右侧Y轴附近[23],未通过必要性检验。综上,单一条件不构成创新“言行不一”和创新“言行一致”的必要条件。
参考既有研究,将频率阈值设为1,将一致性阈值设为0.75,PRI一致性阈值设为0.55。使用R语言软件进行动态QCA分析,得到简约解、复杂解和中间解。采用简约解和中间解区分组态的核心条件和边缘条件,若某条件变量同时出现在两者中,视为核心条件,用“ ”或“ ”表示;仅出现在中间解中时,则为边缘条件,用“ ”或“ ”表示。
(1)创新“言行不一”的前因组态
①汇总结果分析。表4的结果显示,创新“言行不一”的前因组态整体解的一致性为0.779,解的覆盖度为0.719,均大于标准值,且单个组态的组间一致性调整距离均小于0.2,整体路径的解释力较高。尽管部分组态的组内一致性调整距离高于 0.2,但这一现象主要源于行业和企业层面的结构性特征,并不影响整体组态的解释力度。表4显示的8条组态可归纳为三种模式。
政策迎合型:该模式由组态A1和A2组成,解的一致性分别为0.826和0.814,覆盖度分别为0.550和0.540,分别解释55%和54%的创新“言行不一”案例。在该模式下,政府补贴是核心驱动因素,企业通过数字背景高管或数字技术应用辅助强化创新披露。表明部分企业的创新信息披露并非完全基于真实能力,而是出于政策激励的策略性选择,借助高管话语权或技术手段提升与政策导向的匹配度。这一发现验证了政府关注度可能诱发企业采用“多言寡行”式披露策略的观点[24]。技术赋能与管理认知协同作用,使企业能够通过数据包装、智能展示等方式增强披露吸引力,从而更好争取政策资源。
包装创新型:该模式由组态B1~B4组成。解的一致性均高于0.75,可分别可以解释34%、27%、30%和20%的创新“言行不一”案例。此类企业虽缺乏强烈政策迎合动机,但依托智能化投资和数字技术进行策略性披露,以提升市场认可度或吸引资本。其中,智能化投资为核心条件,数字背景高管、数字技术应用、冗余资源和融资能力构成辅助因素。与政策迎合型企业不同,此类企业更注重借助技术手段与管理能力塑造创新形象,强化资本市场信任或竞争优势。在数字化转型背景下,这些企业倾向于通过优化展示方式、智能包装创新成果来增强披露效果,但其信息披露不一定真实反映创新能力,进而造成“言行不一”现象。
生存压力型:该模式由组态C1和C2组成。解的一致性较高,可分别解释32.9%和31.8%的创新“言行不一”案例。这表明,部分企业并非出于主动策略性考虑,而是受制于资源匮乏,在生存压力下被迫采取“言行不一”的创新披露策略,以维持市场地位或争取外部支持。在该模式下,智能化投资是核心变量,政府补贴和数字技术应用程度是关键辅助条件,但这些企业普遍面临资源不足和融资受限的困境。在创新投入受限的情况下,这类企业可能依托数字技术优化创新披露,以增强市场信任度,提升政府支持或资本市场认可度,从而缓解生存压力。
②组间结果分析。考察各组态各年的组间一致性发现其存在小幅波动,各组态的组间一致性均高于0.75,具备良好解释力,但2020年存在一定波动。该年波动可能源于新冠疫情带来的外部冲击和政策刺激。疫情发生后,国家加大了对制造业的扶持力度,推动企业加快数字化、智能化转型;同时,“十四五”规划强调科技创新和核心竞争力,促使部分企业加大创新叙事,从而加剧了“言行不一”现象。尽管2020年一致性波动较明显,但各组态的组间一致性调整距离均小于0.2,整体解释力度不受影响。
③组内结果分析。组内分析结果表明,大多数企业的一致性水平较高,仅有少数明显低于阈值。这种偏离并非随机分布,而是反映了部分企业在创新披露模式上的独特性。各组态的组内一致性调整距离均接近或略高于0.2,表明其对大多数创新“言行不一”现象具有较强解释力。少数企业偏离表明其创新“言行不一”可能受非常规路径驱动。
借鉴张放[25]的做法,使用单因素方差分析与Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验探讨各组态覆盖度的行业差异。8条“言行不一”组态中,A2、B1和B4存在显著行业差异,分别归属政策迎合型和包装创新型。从行业分布看,这两类组态在传统制造业中的占比更高。这表明,传统制造业更易出现“言行不一”:一方面,政策依赖度高,促使部分企业通过叙事迎合政策导向,形成政策迎合型的创新“言行不一”;另一方面,竞争压力大,驱使企业夸大创新以塑造形象、争取资源,从而形成包装创新型的创新“言行不一”。因此,传统制造业中的“言行不一”多由政策激励与市场竞争共同驱动。
(2)创新“言行一致”的前因组态
①汇总结果分析。表5的结果显示,创新“言行一致”的前因组态解的一致性为0.867,覆盖度为0.698,均大于标准值,组间一致性调整距离均小于0.2,整体路径解释力较高。尽管部分组态的组内一致性略高于0.2,可能源于企业规模、治理结构等异质性,以及3年复核机制引发的策略调整,但整体一致性水平较高,不会对结论稳健性产生影响。表5的4条组态可归纳为两种模式。
稳健创新型:该模式由组态D1和D2组成。解一致性分别为0.886和0.887,覆盖度为40%和43.4%。该模式下,企业依靠资源储备与融资能力维持创新活动,数字化程度较低,更注重渐进式技术积累与可持续发展,而非依赖政策激励或数字赋能。资源储备帮助其抵御市场波动,融资能力缓解资金压力,使创新投入更稳定。因此,其在创新披露上更为谨慎,易实现“言行一致”的稳健发展路径。
务实创新型:该模式由组态E1和E2组成。解的一致性分别为0.877和0.872,分别可以解释36.6%和40.2%的创新“言行一致”案例。该类企业未依赖政府补贴,且在智能化投资和数字技术应用方面投入有限,更多依靠优化资源配置与融资能力支持创新。它们注重创新的实际回报与可持续性,创新披露与实际行为偏差较小,体现较强的“言行一致”特征。由于缺乏政策约束,企业具备更高战略灵活性,可根据市场动态调整创新路径,整体表现出稳健、务实的创新风格。
②组间结果分析。促成创新“言行一致”的各组态组间一致性调整距离均小于0.2,不存在明显的时间效应,进一步考察组间一致性水平发现,尽管2022年各组态一致性有所上升,但整体水平均高于标准值。该波动可能源于“十四五”规划政策落实、制造服务业支持政策逐步显效,以及疫情放开后产业链稳定性增强,推动企业更注重创新落地,提高了“言行一致”水平。整体来看,该波动不影响组态解释力。
③组内结果分析。对结果进行组内分析发现,绝大多数企业的一致性水平较高,均在0.75的标准阈值之上,仅有小部分企业的一致性水平低于标准值,反映了这部分企业在创新披露模式上的独特性。各组态的组内一致性调整距离略高于0.2,说明这些组态在解释大多数制造业单项冠军企业的创新“言行一致”现象时具有较高的解释力。
同样使用单因素方差分析与Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验探讨各组态覆盖度的行业差异。驱动创新“言行一致”的4条组态中,仅组态E1存在显著的行业差异,这一组态属于务实创新型。从行业覆盖度均值来看,通过务实创新这一路径实现创新“言行一致”的企业主要集中于高端制造业。高端制造业企业技术能力强、融资能力足,创新更依赖内生积累而非政策激励,因而其披露更贴近实际,展现出较强的“言行一致”特征。
为验证前文得到组态的稳健性,我们将频率阈值从1提高至2,再次进行动态面板数据QCA分析。结果显示,整体的组态分布与前文没有发生明显变化,说明前文分析得出的组态稳健。
本文以制造业单项冠军企业为研究对象,基于MOA理论,使用面板数据动态QCA方法,分别分析了动机、机会和能力3个层面的6个前因条件与创新“言行差异”的复杂组态关系。研究发现:(1)单一因素均不能成为造成创新“言行不一”和驱动创新“言行一致”的必要条件。制造业单项冠军企业创新“言行差异”是多维度、多路径的复杂现象,而非单一因素的作用。(2)汇总组态分析中,有多条路径造成制造业单项冠军企业创新的“言行不一”,可进一步归纳为政策迎合型、包装创新型和生存压力型。驱动创新“言行一致”也存在多条提升路径,可归纳为稳健创新型和务实创新型。(3)组间结果分析发现,虽然造成创新“言行不一”和驱动创新“言行一致”的各组态组间一致性均为表现出明显的时间效应,但造成创新“言行不一”的组态一致性在2020年出现明显波动,可能的原因是2020年疫情爆发后,企业面临经营压力,政府加大对制造业的支持力度,使得部分企业倾向于夸大创新叙事,以争取政策资源。驱动创新“言行一致”的组态一致性在2022年集中上升,可能是由于2022年疫情放开后,产业链稳定性增强,叠加政策鼓励高质量创新,使得企业更倾向于落实创新行动,而非仅停留在叙述层面。(4)组内结果分析发现,传统制造业企业创新“言行不一”主要是由于政策迎合和包装创新,而驱动创新“言行一致”的务实创新型组态所能解释的案例多分布于高端制造业。
以上结论可能为提升行业创新信息披露质量,带来以下几点政策启示:
第一,完善激励制度设计,防范政策诱导下的“策略性披露”行为。创新“言行不一”现象在传统制造业中更为突出,部分企业出于获取补贴或评价优势的目的,存在夸大式创新表达的倾向。为此,应建立以“投入—产出”匹配度为基础的创新评价机制,引导企业真实反映创新能力与成效,减少“政策迎合型”行为对激励机制的扭曲,推动构建更具精准性和约束力的政策支持体系。
第二,健全信息披露监管机制,提升资本市场对企业创新行为的甄别能力。部分企业可能出于吸引投资或提升市场形象的目的,夸大创新成果,形成“包装创新型”的创新“言行不一”。因此,监管机构应强化企业创新信息披露的审查机制,尤其是上市公司,应要求其定期披露专利实施情况、科技成果转化率等关键指标。此外,投资者和第三方机构可通过大数据分析和文本挖掘等技术手段,甄别企业创新叙事的真实性,进一步提高市场透明度。
第三,强化企业创新能力建设,提升专精特新企业的“真创新”比重。研究结果表明,具备深厚技术积累与数字化转型基础的高端制造企业更容易实现“言行一致”的创新模式。为此,政府与行业组织应加大对中小型制造企业的赋能支持,如设立专项研发补贴、推进数字化服务外包平台建设,帮助其突破技术瓶颈,向“专精特新”梯队迈进。同时,企业应健全全过程创新管理体系,确保创新从立项到成果实现的闭环执行。
第四,构建外部冲击下的创新韧性机制,稳定企业研发投入预期。关注外部冲击对企业创新行为的影响,完善危机应对机制。2020年新冠疫情和2022年疫情全面放开对企业创新行为产生了显著影响,说明外部环境变化可能会促使企业调整创新策略。因此,政策制定者应考虑如何在突发事件和经济波动下稳定企业的创新投入。例如,政府可以在危机期间提供创新补偿基金,支持企业保持技术研发的连续性,同时优化产业链协同机制,降低不确定性对企业创新执行力的冲击。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2024YJS129)
  • 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24XGL038)
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2026年第44卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2025-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-09-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18
  • 修回日期:2025-07-02
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2024YJS129)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD24XGL038)
作者信息
    1 北京交通大学经济管理学院, 北京 100044
    2 北京联合大学, 北京 100101

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肖翔(1970-),女,教授、博士生导师, E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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