Article(id=1309226342734984119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744732800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-16, revisedDate=1748966400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790073484357, onlineDateStr=2026-09-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790073484357, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790073484357, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790073484357, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309226306445865584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, year='2026', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1121', pageEnd='1344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790073475705, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790073520980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309226496414286648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, issueId=1309226306445865584, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1229, endPage=1240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309226342932116408, articleId=1309226342734984119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=EN, title=Digitalized innovation capabilities: Concepts, measurement, and performance, columnId=1309226307540574209, journalTitle=Studies in Science of Science, columnName=Theories and Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the rapidly evolving digital economy, Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (DICs) have emerged as a pivotal enabler of sustainable competitive advantage for enterprises, fundamentally reshaping innovation management paradigms. Despite growing scholarly attention to digital innovation concepts, boundaries, and impacts, a significant theoretical and empirical gap persists regarding the precise definition, rigorous measurement, and systematic validation of DICs. This limitation impedes a holistic understanding of their antecedents and outcomes, hindering both academic discourse and practical implementation. To address this critical gap, this study synthesizes insights from Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DCs) logic to reconceptualize DICs as a firm’s capabilities to empower its innovation processes through the development and application of digital technologies. This integrative framework transcends conventional RBV’s static resource focus and DCs’ process-oriented limitations. Through systematic literature analysis and empirical validation, we deconstruct DICs into three interdependent dimensions: Openness Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (O-DICs), which enhance the depth, breadth, and efficiency of information exchange, expand channels for acquiring external resources, improve organizational learning, and ultimately increase market acceptance of innovations through digital technology development and application. This transcends traditional Open Innovation (OI) by enabling broader participation, deeper insights, and faster knowledge flows; Affordance Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (A-DICs), leveraging digital technologies to provide diverse possibilities and functional support for innovation activities across different contexts. Rooted in the concept of affordances, A-DICs help firms overcome barriers arising from bounded rationality, cognitive diversity, institutional differences, and cultural diversity. They enable context-sensitive adaptation, enhance innovation legitimacy, and expand innovation boundaries by facilitating resource integration across physical and cyber spaces, cross-industry collaboration, and scenario-specific application of technologies; Generativity Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (G-DICs), utilizing digital technologies to stimulate spontaneous, diverse, and unpredictable positive changes within the innovation process, driving it towards greater efficiency and sustainability. Capitalizing on inherent digital generativity, G-DICs foster emergent innovation, accelerate the iteration and diffusion of innovative outputs, and expand the value network by enabling diverse actor participation and collaboration. Methodologically, this research employs a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate the DICs Scale. Initial constructs derived from semi-structured interviews with industry experts and managers underwent exploratory factor analysis(EFA), yielding are fined item pool. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) with large-scale survey data confirmed the scale’s robustness, demonstrating high reliability, and discriminant validity across manufacturing and service sectors. Regression analyses further established that all three DICs dimensions exert statistically significant positive effects on innovation performance. This research makes significant theoretical contributions. It systematically defines the theoretical connotation of DICs and proposes a novel three-dimensional framework (O-DICs, A-DICs, G-DICs), moving beyond the limitations of the DCs framework in explaining how digital technologies empower the innovation process and revealing the micro-foundations of innovation capabilities in the digital context. Crucially, it develops and rigorously validates the DICs Scale, providing a scientifically reliable and effective measurement tool to empirically assess DICs, addressing a critical gap in the field. Furthermore, it empirically verifies the significant positive impact of DICs on innovation performance, offering clear guidance for managers seeking to enhance innovation outcomes and formulate digital innovation strategies. Notwithstanding these contributions, limitations include reliance on cross-sectional data and sectoral concentration. Future research should pursue longitudinal designs to track capability evolution and examine sector-specific moderators.

, authors=Guan-nan QU1, 2, Yuan JIE3, Lu-yao WANG4, Shun-fang RUAN2, authorsList=Guan-nan QU, Yuan JIE, Lu-yao WANG, Shun-fang RUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lu-yao WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309226343460598715, articleId=1309226342734984119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, language=CN, title=企业数字化创新能力:内涵、测度与影响, columnId=1309226307683180547, journalTitle=科学学研究, columnName=理论与方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新时代,数字化创新能力(Digitalized Innovation Capabilities, DICs)作为赋能企业可持续竞争优势的核心,已成为创新管理研究与企业创新实践的重要关切。然而,尽管主流研究对数字创新的相关概念、内涵、边界与影响的探索已渐深入,但关于企业数字化创新能力(DICs)的清晰界定、严谨测度与可靠实证仍然缺乏,致使关于其前因与产出的系统分析面临挑战。基于文献采集,研究对数字化创新能力的理论基础进行系统回顾,将其定义为企业通过对数字技术的开发和利用来赋能自身创新过程的能力,涵盖数字开放性创新能力(O-DICs)、数字可供性创新能力(A-DICs)和数字自生长性创新能力(G-DICs)3个子维度。继而,基于访谈调研与问卷调查,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法,实施企业数字化创新能力量表(DICs Scale)的开发与信效度检验,并进一步验证数字化创新能力的不同维度对企业创新绩效的影响。

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曲冠楠(1986-),男,特别研究员,副教授,博士。

接园(1989-),女,讲师,博士。

阮顺芳(2003-),女,本科生。

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王璐瑶(1991-),女,副教授,博士, E-mail: 。
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Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 41(5): 540-555., articleTitle=The role-based performance scale: Validity analysis of a theory-based measure, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1309226350641247223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, awardId=72302223, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(72302223), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1309226350704161784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, awardId=72374189, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(72374189), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1309226350792242169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, awardId=24JCB018, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市社会科学基金决策咨询重点项目(24JCB018), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1309226343687091132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343695479741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343687091132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343703868350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343687091132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京理工大学管理学院, 北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309226343766782911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343775171520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343766782911, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Global Governance, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343783560129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343766782911, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京理工大学国际组织创新学院, 北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309226343850668994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343859057603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343850668994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Public Administration Teaching and Research Department, Party School of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the CPC, Nanjing 210009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343867446212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343850668994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中共江苏省委党校公共管理教研部, 江苏南京 210009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1309226343926166469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343934555078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343926166469, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 School of Economics and Management, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1309226343938749383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, companyId=1309226343926166469, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国传媒大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1309226347365495781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The structure of digitalized innovation capabilities, figureFileSmall=ZbHH+rtwvsSm1+rDHVYQlw==, figureFileBig=WVYskMhIhBx1AVDqBzPV7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226347436798950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=图1, caption=数字化创新能力的结构构成, figureFileSmall=ZbHH+rtwvsSm1+rDHVYQlw==, figureFileBig=WVYskMhIhBx1AVDqBzPV7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1309226347654902759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Research on digital innovation management

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研究维度 主要观点/内涵阐述 代表学者
概念定义 数字创新指将数字和物理组件进行新的组合以生产新产品 Yoo等(2010)
数字创新是指将数字能力整合至物理组件的过程 Jahanmir和Cavadas(2018)
在创新过程中采用信息、计算、交流和连接技术的组合,包括带来的新的产品、生产过程改进、组织模式变革以及商业模式的创建和改变等 刘洋等(2020)
前因分析 数字技术是促进企业创新变革的重要前因 Nambisan等(2017)
对数字资源的获取、管理和利用是推动数字创新的关键因素 康瑾和陈凯华(2021)
对数字资源的利用和部署是数字创新的过程的关键 罗兴武等(2023)
), ArticleFig(id=1309226347726205928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数字化情境下的企业创新管理研究焦点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究维度 主要观点/内涵阐述 代表学者
概念定义 数字创新指将数字和物理组件进行新的组合以生产新产品 Yoo等(2010)
数字创新是指将数字能力整合至物理组件的过程 Jahanmir和Cavadas(2018)
在创新过程中采用信息、计算、交流和连接技术的组合,包括带来的新的产品、生产过程改进、组织模式变革以及商业模式的创建和改变等 刘洋等(2020)
前因分析 数字技术是促进企业创新变革的重要前因 Nambisan等(2017)
对数字资源的获取、管理和利用是推动数字创新的关键因素 康瑾和陈凯华(2021)
对数字资源的利用和部署是数字创新的过程的关键 罗兴武等(2023)
), ArticleFig(id=1309226347818480617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related capabilities and firms’ digital innovation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论视角 核心构念 内涵阐述 代表学者
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
动态能力可以通过生成性感知能力(Generative Sensing Capabilities)、捕捉能力(Seizing Capabilities)、重构能力(Reconfiguring Capabilities)提升企业数字创新表现 Teece等
(1997;2016)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
数字化转型能力
(Digital Transformative Capabilities)
数字化转型能力指企业系统地识别和发展数字化转型所需的核心能力的高阶能力,其本质是通过打破传统商业范式,构建适应数字环境的新型组织形态 Ghosh等(2022)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
数字化能力
(Digitalization Capabilities)
数字化能力是动态能力特征(感知Sensing、把握Seizing、重组Reconfiguring)的具体表征,是数字创新过程的支撑性能力 Annarelli等(2021)
), ArticleFig(id=1309226347889783786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相关能力与企业数字创新

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论视角 核心构念 内涵阐述 代表学者
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
动态能力可以通过生成性感知能力(Generative Sensing Capabilities)、捕捉能力(Seizing Capabilities)、重构能力(Reconfiguring Capabilities)提升企业数字创新表现 Teece等
(1997;2016)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
数字化转型能力
(Digital Transformative Capabilities)
数字化转型能力指企业系统地识别和发展数字化转型所需的核心能力的高阶能力,其本质是通过打破传统商业范式,构建适应数字环境的新型组织形态 Ghosh等(2022)
动态能力
(Dynamic Capabilities)
数字化能力
(Digitalization Capabilities)
数字化能力是动态能力特征(感知Sensing、把握Seizing、重组Reconfiguring)的具体表征,是数字创新过程的支撑性能力 Annarelli等(2021)
), ArticleFig(id=1309226347982058475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The factor matrix of the DICs scale(n=205)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题项 因子载荷
开放性(V1)
(KF1)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通深度 0.898
(KF2)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通广度 0.878
(KF3)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通效率 0.835
(KF4)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的外部资源获取 0.763
(KF5)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助提升市场对我们创新产出的接受度 0.753
可供性(V2)
(NG1)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因文化差异带来的阻碍 0.836
(NG2)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因制度差异带来的阻碍 0.836
(NG3)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因认知差异带来的阻碍 0.777
自生长性(V3)
(SC1)数字技术开发和(或)应用为创新带来了意料之外的好处 0.886
(SC2)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中拓展了我们的创新思路 0.852
(SC3)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中重塑了我们的创新战略 0.850
(SC4)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中优化了创新资源的利用 0.788
(SC5)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中提升了创新对环境的保护 0.786
因子命名 开放性(V1) 可供性(V2) 自生长性(V3)
特征值 8.093 1.804 1.005
方差贡献率 62.252 13.875 7.731
累计方差贡献率 62.252 76.128 83.858
), ArticleFig(id=1309226348074333164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

数字化创新能力问卷因子矩阵(n=205)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题项 因子载荷
开放性(V1)
(KF1)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通深度 0.898
(KF2)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通广度 0.878
(KF3)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通效率 0.835
(KF4)数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的外部资源获取 0.763
(KF5)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助提升市场对我们创新产出的接受度 0.753
可供性(V2)
(NG1)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因文化差异带来的阻碍 0.836
(NG2)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因制度差异带来的阻碍 0.836
(NG3)数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因认知差异带来的阻碍 0.777
自生长性(V3)
(SC1)数字技术开发和(或)应用为创新带来了意料之外的好处 0.886
(SC2)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中拓展了我们的创新思路 0.852
(SC3)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中重塑了我们的创新战略 0.850
(SC4)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中优化了创新资源的利用 0.788
(SC5)数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中提升了创新对环境的保护 0.786
因子命名 开放性(V1) 可供性(V2) 自生长性(V3)
特征值 8.093 1.804 1.005
方差贡献率 62.252 13.875 7.731
累计方差贡献率 62.252 76.128 83.858
), ArticleFig(id=1309226348145636333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The factor fit index of the DICs scale(n=204)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 χ2 df χ2/df RMSEA SRMR CFI TFI
三因子模型G5 181.020 60 3.017 0.099 0.032 0.965 0.955
二因子模型G4 723.481 62 11.669 0.229 0.132 0.809 0.760
二因子模型G3 553.392 62 8.927 0.197 0.087 0.858 0.821
二因子模型G2 839.407 62 13.539 0.248 0.185 0.775 0.717
单因子模型G1 1152.543 63 18.294 0.291 0.170 0.685 0.610
), ArticleFig(id=1309226348237911022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

数字化创新能力量表的模型拟合指数(n=204)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型 χ2 df χ2/df RMSEA SRMR CFI TFI
三因子模型G5 181.020 60 3.017 0.099 0.032 0.965 0.955
二因子模型G4 723.481 62 11.669 0.229 0.132 0.809 0.760
二因子模型G3 553.392 62 8.927 0.197 0.087 0.858 0.821
二因子模型G2 839.407 62 13.539 0.248 0.185 0.775 0.717
单因子模型G1 1152.543 63 18.294 0.291 0.170 0.685 0.610
), ArticleFig(id=1309226348376323055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The internal consistency coefficient of the DICs scale(n=409)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总量表 题项数 Cronbach-α系数 因子名称 题项数 Cronbach α系数
数字化
创新能力
13 0.950 开放性V1 5 0.952
可供性V2 3 0.945
自生长性V3 5 0.957
), ArticleFig(id=1309226348460209136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

数字化创新能力量表的内部一致性系数(n=409)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
总量表 题项数 Cronbach-α系数 因子名称 题项数 Cronbach α系数
数字化
创新能力
13 0.950 开放性V1 5 0.952
可供性V2 3 0.945
自生长性V3 5 0.957
), ArticleFig(id=1309226349714306033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The correlation matrix and validity test of the DICs scale

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构维度 开放性 可供性 自生长性
开放性V1 (0.828)
可供性V2 0.502 (0.817)
自生长性V3 0.718 0.594 (0.833)
AVE值 0.685 0.667 0.694
CR值 0.915 0.857 0.919
), ArticleFig(id=1309226350221816818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

数字化创新能力量表各维度相关矩阵及效度检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构维度 开放性 可供性 自生长性
开放性V1 (0.828)
可供性V2 0.502 (0.817)
自生长性V3 0.718 0.594 (0.833)
AVE值 0.685 0.667 0.694
CR值 0.915 0.857 0.919
), ArticleFig(id=1309226350297314291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Descriptive analysis of variables under research(n=409)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6
年龄 2.614 0.681 1
司龄 2.829 1.174 0.383** 1
开放性 4.186 0.634 0.022 0.069 1
可供性 3.928 0.819 0.035 0.071 0.718** 1
自生长性 3.944 0.763 0.036 0.093 0.502** 0.594** 1
创新绩效 3.676 0.794 0.005 0.054 0.424** 0.443** 0.461** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1309226350372811764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

变量的描述性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6
年龄 2.614 0.681 1
司龄 2.829 1.174 0.383** 1
开放性 4.186 0.634 0.022 0.069 1
可供性 3.928 0.819 0.035 0.071 0.718** 1
自生长性 3.944 0.763 0.036 0.093 0.502** 0.594** 1
创新绩效 3.676 0.794 0.005 0.054 0.424** 0.443** 0.461** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1309226350460892149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Analysis of the regression model of DICs on innovation performance

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变量 创新绩效
模型1 模型2 模型3
年龄 -0.016 -0.023 -0.019
司龄 0.031 0.032 0.019
开放性 0.422**
可供性 0.442**
自生长性 0.459**
R2 0.180 0.198 0.212
调整R2 0.174 0.192 0.207
△R2 0.177 0.194 0.209
F 29.720** 33.253** 36.428**
), ArticleFig(id=1309226350536389622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397381743640680, articleId=1309226342734984119, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

数字化创新能力对创新绩效的回归分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 创新绩效
模型1 模型2 模型3
年龄 -0.016 -0.023 -0.019
司龄 0.031 0.032 0.019
开放性 0.422**
可供性 0.442**
自生长性 0.459**
R2 0.180 0.198 0.212
调整R2 0.174 0.192 0.207
△R2 0.177 0.194 0.209
F 29.720** 33.253** 36.428**
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企业数字化创新能力:内涵、测度与影响
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曲冠楠 1, 2 , 接园 3 , 王璐瑶 4 , 阮顺芳 2
科学学研究 | 理论与方法 2026,44(6): 1229-1240
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科学学研究 |理论与方法 2026 , 44 (6) : 1229 -1240
企业数字化创新能力:内涵、测度与影响
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曲冠楠1, 2, 接园3, 王璐瑶4 , 阮顺芳2
作者信息
  • 1 北京理工大学管理学院, 北京 100081
  • 2 北京理工大学国际组织创新学院, 北京 100081
  • 3 中共江苏省委党校公共管理教研部, 江苏南京 210009
  • 4 中国传媒大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100024
通讯作者:
王璐瑶(1991-),女,副教授,博士, E-mail: 。
作者简介:

曲冠楠(1986-),男,特别研究员,副教授,博士。

接园(1989-),女,讲师,博士。

阮顺芳(2003-),女,本科生。

Digitalized innovation capabilities: Concepts, measurement, and performance
Guan-nan QU1, 2, Yuan JIE3, Lu-yao WANG4 , Shun-fang RUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2 School of Global Governance, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 3 Public Administration Teaching and Research Department, Party School of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the CPC, Nanjing 210009, China
  • 4 School of Economics and Management, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15
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新时代,数字化创新能力(Digitalized Innovation Capabilities, DICs)作为赋能企业可持续竞争优势的核心,已成为创新管理研究与企业创新实践的重要关切。然而,尽管主流研究对数字创新的相关概念、内涵、边界与影响的探索已渐深入,但关于企业数字化创新能力(DICs)的清晰界定、严谨测度与可靠实证仍然缺乏,致使关于其前因与产出的系统分析面临挑战。基于文献采集,研究对数字化创新能力的理论基础进行系统回顾,将其定义为企业通过对数字技术的开发和利用来赋能自身创新过程的能力,涵盖数字开放性创新能力(O-DICs)、数字可供性创新能力(A-DICs)和数字自生长性创新能力(G-DICs)3个子维度。继而,基于访谈调研与问卷调查,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法,实施企业数字化创新能力量表(DICs Scale)的开发与信效度检验,并进一步验证数字化创新能力的不同维度对企业创新绩效的影响。

数字化创新能力  /  数字创新  /  创新能力  /  量表开发

In the rapidly evolving digital economy, Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (DICs) have emerged as a pivotal enabler of sustainable competitive advantage for enterprises, fundamentally reshaping innovation management paradigms. Despite growing scholarly attention to digital innovation concepts, boundaries, and impacts, a significant theoretical and empirical gap persists regarding the precise definition, rigorous measurement, and systematic validation of DICs. This limitation impedes a holistic understanding of their antecedents and outcomes, hindering both academic discourse and practical implementation. To address this critical gap, this study synthesizes insights from Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DCs) logic to reconceptualize DICs as a firm’s capabilities to empower its innovation processes through the development and application of digital technologies. This integrative framework transcends conventional RBV’s static resource focus and DCs’ process-oriented limitations. Through systematic literature analysis and empirical validation, we deconstruct DICs into three interdependent dimensions: Openness Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (O-DICs), which enhance the depth, breadth, and efficiency of information exchange, expand channels for acquiring external resources, improve organizational learning, and ultimately increase market acceptance of innovations through digital technology development and application. This transcends traditional Open Innovation (OI) by enabling broader participation, deeper insights, and faster knowledge flows; Affordance Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (A-DICs), leveraging digital technologies to provide diverse possibilities and functional support for innovation activities across different contexts. Rooted in the concept of affordances, A-DICs help firms overcome barriers arising from bounded rationality, cognitive diversity, institutional differences, and cultural diversity. They enable context-sensitive adaptation, enhance innovation legitimacy, and expand innovation boundaries by facilitating resource integration across physical and cyber spaces, cross-industry collaboration, and scenario-specific application of technologies; Generativity Digitalized Innovation Capabilities (G-DICs), utilizing digital technologies to stimulate spontaneous, diverse, and unpredictable positive changes within the innovation process, driving it towards greater efficiency and sustainability. Capitalizing on inherent digital generativity, G-DICs foster emergent innovation, accelerate the iteration and diffusion of innovative outputs, and expand the value network by enabling diverse actor participation and collaboration. Methodologically, this research employs a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate the DICs Scale. Initial constructs derived from semi-structured interviews with industry experts and managers underwent exploratory factor analysis(EFA), yielding are fined item pool. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) with large-scale survey data confirmed the scale’s robustness, demonstrating high reliability, and discriminant validity across manufacturing and service sectors. Regression analyses further established that all three DICs dimensions exert statistically significant positive effects on innovation performance. This research makes significant theoretical contributions. It systematically defines the theoretical connotation of DICs and proposes a novel three-dimensional framework (O-DICs, A-DICs, G-DICs), moving beyond the limitations of the DCs framework in explaining how digital technologies empower the innovation process and revealing the micro-foundations of innovation capabilities in the digital context. Crucially, it develops and rigorously validates the DICs Scale, providing a scientifically reliable and effective measurement tool to empirically assess DICs, addressing a critical gap in the field. Furthermore, it empirically verifies the significant positive impact of DICs on innovation performance, offering clear guidance for managers seeking to enhance innovation outcomes and formulate digital innovation strategies. Notwithstanding these contributions, limitations include reliance on cross-sectional data and sectoral concentration. Future research should pursue longitudinal designs to track capability evolution and examine sector-specific moderators.

digitalized innovation capabilities  /  digital innovation  /  innovation capabilities  /  scale development
曲冠楠, 接园, 王璐瑶, 阮顺芳. 企业数字化创新能力:内涵、测度与影响. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1229 -1240 .
Guan-nan QU, Yuan JIE, Lu-yao WANG, Shun-fang RUAN. Digitalized innovation capabilities: Concepts, measurement, and performance[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (6) : 1229 -1240 .
当前,数字化转型加速推进,数字化创新能力(Digitalized Innovation Capabilities, DICs)已成为企业在激烈市场竞争中生存、发展与领先的关键所在[1],对新时代的企业战略管理具有重要意义。随着企业创新实践的不断深入,研究对于如何准确评估企业数字化创新能力,显著提升其数字创新效能,有效将数字化创新能力转化为实际的创新绩效等问题的关切日益凸显。
当前,企业数字创新管理的主流研究多秉持资源基础观(Resource Based View,RBV)[2-5],强调数字技术[6-8]和数字资源[9,10]的获得与采纳对企业创新过程与产出的影响;少量关注企业能力的数字创新研究局限于动态能力框架(Dynamic Capabilities,DCs)[11-13],强调企业感知、捕捉、重构能力对提升企业数字创新表现的影响。诚然,已有研究为理解企业数字创新战略的内在机理提供了重要洞见。然而,以系统阐释数字化特征为基础的企业创新能力研究亟待深入,相关探索在理论概念与定量工具上缺乏清晰界定、严谨测度与可靠实证,致使后续研究在系统性回答“数字化时代企业应当具备何种战略能力”等关键问题时面临挑战。
为弥补不足并回应挑战,研究基于系统的文献梳理、量表开发与实证检验,深入探究企业数字化创新能力的内涵维度、结构测量与绩效影响。在理论层面,聚焦数字化背景下的企业创新能力概念,将其定义为企业开发利用数字技术赋能创新过程的能力。继而,探索企业数字化创新能力的微观基础,将其划分为数字开放性创新能力、数字可供性创新能力和数字自生长性创新能力3个子维度。在方法层面,运用探索性因素分析(EFA)和验证性因素分析(CFA)方法,收集经验证据开发企业数字化创新能力量表(DICs Scale)并对企业数字化创新能力的绩效影响进行实证检验。
数字技术推动的数字化转型深刻影响、重塑了企业创新的理论与实践,企业创新的基本假定、组织模式、过程控制、产品设计以及扩散路径等均迎来广泛、深刻[1,6,7,14,15]乃至颠覆性[16]的变革。数字化情境为创新管理的研究提供了新的最佳实践并启发了新的理论进路(详见表1)。
Yoo等[6]基于Schumpeter的经典创新理论,将数字创新定义为将数字和物理组件进行新的组合以生产新产品的过程(“the carrying out of new combinations of digital and physical components to produce novel products.”)。Nambisan等[7]强调数字技术是促进企业创新变革的重要前因,数字技术的开放性(openness)、可供性(affordance)、自生长性(generativity)会带来创新与创新的变革。Jahanmir和Cavadas[17]把数字创新定义为将数字能力整合至物理组件的过程,并提出了影响数字创新采纳的五大因素,认为技术态度、技术口碑等的劣势会导致数字创新的延迟采纳。在此基础上,刘洋等[8]聚焦数字技术在创新过程中的应用及产出,认为数字创新是“在创新过程中采用信息、计算、交流和连接技术的组合,包括带来的新的产品、生产过程改进、组织模式变革以及商业模式的创建和改变等”并将其作为企业数字创新启动阶段的关键要素。罗兴武等[9]认为每种数字资源都具有创造和获取价值的多种可能性,并强调在数字创新的过程中对数字资源的利用和部署。康瑾和陈凯华[10]认为数字资源是数字创新的关键要素,通过优化数字资源的获取、管理和利用,可以有效推动数字创新活动的开展,并在不同领域中实现价值增值。
总结来看,现有基于资源基础观(RBV)[2-5]的企业数字创新研究进路聚焦多种数字资源对创新过程与产出的影响。该进路不仅很好地阐释了数字资源嵌入企业创新活动的方式与效果,还建立了使用诸如“数字技术与设备等的采纳与应用”等客观指标测度数字创新的工具,从而为实证研究提供了有利条件。然而,主流进路并未系统阐释数字化时代企业创新能力的新内涵、新特征、新维度以及其对创新过程与产出的影响。
本节旨在明确企业数字化创新能力的研究视角,并通过与其他相关构念的辨析来厘清数字化创新能力的理论边界。企业能力视角(CP)作为企业战略管理的重要理论进路是近年来创新研究的关注热点[11,18 -20]。目前,尽管针对企业数字化转型中企业创新能力的系统研究仍然缺乏,但以动态能力(dynamic capabilities)[11]为基础讨论企业能力对数字创新影响的研究业已展开(详见表2)。现有研究大致勾勒出企业相关能力与其数字创新之间的关系,对这些研究的梳理有助于构建本文的研究边界。
(1)动态能力与企业数字创新
动态能力(Dynamic Capabilities,DCs)概念最早由Teece等[11]提出,用以描述企业在快速变化环境中集聚、组合、调配资源以形成新竞争优势的能力,包含感知(sensing)、捕捉(seizing)和重构(reconfiguring)三大核心维度[21]。主流研究认为,动态能力可以通过多种路径提升企业数字创新表现:首先,生成性感知能力(generative sensing capabilities)可以驱动创新方向的识别。企业通过数字技术可以生成并动态测试多维度技术和商业假设,从而快速、准确地定位数字创新方向。其次,捕捉能力(seizing capabilities)可以加速资源整合与价值获取。企业可以基于捕捉能力将动态感知的“战略可能性”转化为“战术可行性”,继而弥合数字技术潜力与商业落地之间的鸿沟。最后,重构能力(reconfiguring capabilities)可以保障持续性创新迭代。企业可以利用数字技术实现系统性资源与流程重组[21,22],从而打破组织惯性(inertia),提供可扩展的适应性架构支撑数字创新。综上,动态能力可以提升企业数字创新过程中的资源整合效率与灵活性。然而,动态能力作为一种战略能力,旨在提升企业在不确定环境下(如数字化转型过程中)的战略适应性,对“数字技术如何赋能企业创新能力提升”的关注度不足,对数字技术为企业创新战略、过程、产出带来的系统性改变讨论不充分。
(2)数字化转型能力与企业数字创新
数字化转型能力(Digital Transformative Capabilities,DTCs)[13]是指企业系统识别和发展数字化转型所需的核心能力的高阶能力,其本质是通过打破传统商业范式,构建适应数字环境的新型组织形态。具体而言,数字化转型能力的核心并非局限于对现有能力的适应性改进,而是通过优先开发新型数字化能力,系统性重构长期固化的商业逻辑、产品理念和数字化交易体系等,从而推动企业实现数字化转型[13]。企业通过数字化转型能力构建适应数字环境的核心能力,为数字创新提供结构性支撑。一方面,数字化转型能力可以通过快速原型开发(rapid prototyping)和模块化组织设计等推动组织敏捷性构建,使企业能在不确定性中快速决策,缩短创新周期。另一方面,数字化转型能力可以利用文化转型能力,推动数字化思维(digital mindsets)的培养,进而突破企业数字创新的文化障碍。数字化转型能力目的是为企业构建适应数字环境的基础架构,为企业数字创新提供前提条件,并不直接涉及对创新过程与产出的优化与提升。
(3)数字化能力与企业数字创新
数字化能力(Digitalization Capabilities,Digit-Cs)由Annarelli等[12]提出,其被认为是企业数字创新过程中的支撑性能力之一,体现了企业动态能力的三大核心特征:数字资源与惯例重构(reconfiguring digital resource and routines)、数字能力把握(seizing digital capabilities)、机会与威胁感知(sensing opportunities and threats)。具体而言,企业可以运用数字化能力敏锐感知数字生态系统中的机会与威胁,促进数字信息的交换与处理,持续优化重组数字创新流程与资源,从而开发新的商业模式、产品或服务以适应数字化时代的竞争环境并实现数字化转型目标。然而,数字化能力作为一种企业整体战略能力,涉及数字资产与商业资源的组合、数字网络的开发与重构、客户价值的创造等诸多方面,其并不完全对应企业的创新过程与产出。因此,尽管数字化能力是企业创新的重要支撑,其并不能直接且完全代表企业的数字化创新能力。
综上,现有基于能力视角的企业数字创新研究多局限于动态能力[11]框架,讨论基于动态能力的企业战略能力对企业实现数字化转型与高效实施数字创新的影响。然而,此类研究本质上并非对“企业数字化创新能力”的针对性与系统性讨论。从研究对象上,现有研究并非直接关注企业数字化创新能力,而是讨论企业传统的战略能力在数字化情境下的作用;从构念关系上,现有研究聚焦“企业战略能力与数字创新”的关系,而非“企业数字化创新能力与其创新过程(或绩效)”的关系;从研究深度上,现有研究对数字化特征的关注缺乏深入性,对数字技术的开放性、可供性与自生长性等关键特征的关注不足,对数字技术赋能的特有企业能力的阐述不充分。
基于视角与边界讨论,参考Nambisan等[1]从数字技术发展与转型角度对创新活动的深刻阐释,本文将数字化创新能力(DICs)的内涵定义为:企业通过对数字技术的开发和利用来赋能自身创新过程的能力,共涵盖3个子维度:数字开放性创新能力、数字可供性创新能力和数字自生长性创新能力(见图1)。
数字开放性创新能力(Openness Digitalized Innovation Capabilities,O-DICs),指企业通过数字技术的开发和利用,增强创新过程内外部信息交互,拓展资源获取渠道,提升组织学习效率,增强创新产品与服务竞争力的能力。数字技术推动企业创新环境深刻变革,数字开放性创新能力展现出比以往开放式创新(Open Innovation,OI)范式更丰富和独特的内涵。这种开放性深度渗透于企业信息沟通、创新资源获取以及创新产出的市场接受度等各个创新环节。其一,借助低门槛工具(如开源软件)和分布式网络,企业可以突破传统协作的规模限制,吸纳更多元的主体加入创新协作、贡献创意,从而扩展信息触达的广度[1]。此外,企业可以通过实时追踪、语义解析与知识挖掘等能力,增强垂直领域的信息解析精度与决策颗粒度,进而驱动信息交互深度的提升。最后,数字技术实现了实时活动(real-time activities)和自动化生产流程(automated production processes)[23],同时企业可以通过数字渠道快速交换知识,由此,企业可以提高信息沟通效率。其二,数字技术赋予企业开放性的特质,使其能够以更高效的方式获取多元化的创新资源。具体而言,企业可以借助开源软件、开放数据等途径,获取免费或低成本的技术资源,不仅如此,数字技术催生出虚拟团队、众包、众筹等一系列新型合作模式,打破传统合作壁垒,使得企业能够与全球范围内的合作伙伴开展更为灵活、深入且富有成效的合作,从而极大地拓宽了创新资源的获取渠道。其三,开放性企业凭借数字技术,能够对市场变化保持高度的敏感性与前瞻性,以提升市场对创新产出的接受度。具体而言,企业借助大数据分析、社交媒体监测等工具,实时掌握消费者需求的动态变化、市场趋势的演进方向以及竞争对手的最新行动,进而迅速且精准地调整产品的创新策略。通过这种方式,企业能够及时推出更契合市场需求、市场接受程度更高的创新产出[24]。
数字可供性创新能力(Affordance Digitalized Innovation Capabilities,A-DICs),指企业通过对数字技术的开发和利用,为其在不同情境下的创新活动提供多样化行动可能性和功能支持的能力。可供性(Affordance)这一概念最初源自设计领域,由Gibson[25]提出,用于描述物体或环境所提供的行动可能性,其核心在于强调主体与客体之间的互动关系,即客体的特性如何为主体的行为提供支持或限制[7,26]。数字可供性创新能力使企业能够克服创新过程中因文化、制度、认知差异带来的阻碍:其一,数字可供性创新能力帮助企业克服有限理性(bounded rationality)[27]与认知差异(cognitive diversity)带来的不确定性风险。具体而言,依托数字技术可复制性、可编辑性与可重组性特征构建“数字孪生”等仿真模型[14],企业以较低风险与成本了解复杂竞争环境中多种创新路径的潜在可能性产出,从而破解复杂多变环境下的决策难题。其二,数字可供性创新能力可助力企业化解制度差异(institutional diversity)与文化差异(cultural diversity)带来的创新外部性压力,提升创新产出的制度合法性。具体而言,数字技术能够助力企业深入了解目标市场的文化特点、消费者偏好和制度要求,根据不同的情境灵活调整创新策略,实现数字技术、创新资源同具体情境、场景的有效结合[7],推动企业创新、社会福利、产业发展的深度融合[28],实现社会认可与制度合法性的创新产出。其三,数字可供性创新能力可极大拓展企业的创新边界,使能(enable)企业突破物理边界整合外部资源,突破地域限制实现创新协同,突破产业壁垒实现跨界创新。具体而言,数字技术可以助力企业实现基于赛博空间的资源整合,从而更高效地使用创新基础设施与创新互补资产以激活各种潜在的创新机会与可能性。不仅如此,数字技术还可加速创新链与产业链融合[29],支持跨企业、跨产业的创新协同,在更高水平、更大范围与更深层次上形成创新联合体。
数字自生长性创新能力(Generativity Digitalized Innovation Capabilities,G-DICs),指企业通过数字技术的开发和应用,在创新过程中激发企业产生自发、多元且不可预测的积极变化,进而推动创新向更高效、更可持续方向发展的能力。Zittrain[30]将互联网(及相关技术)所具备的内在自生长性(Generativity)定义为:“某种技术可以产生由大量、多样、不协同受众所驱动的自发性变化的能力”(“a technology’s overall capacity to produce unprompted change driven by large, varied, and uncoordinated audiences.”)。自生长性创新能力不仅为企业的创新活动注入了前所未有的新动能,也彻底改变了传统的创新过程,使其充满了动态性和不确定性。具体而言:其一,自生长性创新能力可以提升创新组合的潜在可能性,激发不可预测的创新涌现。数字技术的诸多特性使其极易引发创新的自生长现象,激发企业在创新过程中产生全新的创意和解决方案,从而突破传统创新模式的局限[31]。在此情景下,创新呈现出复杂的非线性发展路径。其二,数字自生长性创新能力能够极大地提升创新产品(与服务)的迭代速率与扩散速度。基于数字技术的可自我参照性、可延展性、可编辑性,企业可以通过持续的实验、反馈和改进,随时修改、更新和扩展创新成果,使创新产品和服务的功能和价值不断得到提升和完善[32],从而提升了创新迭代速率。此外,基于数字技术的可复制性与规模收益递增特性,数字创新的产品(或服务)普遍具有数字化特征,这使得创新成果以前所未有的速度扩散,从而推动整个产业的高速创新发展。其三,数字自生长性创新能力能够极大拓展创新的价值网络,从而提升创新的正外部性。具体而言,数字技术的自生长性能够赋能多元创新主体的创新协同,使得创新吸引了来自不同背景、具有不同动机和目标、携带多元视角和经验的参与者,形成多元化的创新主体格局,这种多元化参与既丰富了创新的来源,也极大拓展了创新的价值网络,使得创新产出呈现更高的资源利用效率与环境保护效果等“正外部性”特征。
综上,数字化创新能力的三大支柱维度相互支撑、融合、协同,共同为企业在复杂多变的数字化转型中的创新发展提供助力。基于上述探索,研究后续部分开发企业数字化创新能力量表(DICs Scale)并检验其对创新绩效的影响。
根据数字化创新能力的理论、概念和内涵维度,研究进行初始量表的开发。初始问卷的条目采集有两个来源:
其一,是文献分析。主要依据“数字化转型”“创新能力”“数字创新”“数字创新管理”“数字技术”等为关键词的中外文献收集,研究提取出企业数字创新过程中数字化创新能力不同维度的关键表征:开放性、可供性和自生长性,能较为全面地反映企业在数字创新过程中的重要特征与能力要素。进一步地,围绕上述提取的三个维度,从不同角度、不同场景出发,经过细化和具体化,编制了表意清晰的条目如:“数字技术开发和(或)应用提升了创新过程中的信息沟通深度”,“数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因文化差异带来的阻碍”,“数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中重塑了我们的创新战略”等。
其二,是访谈分析。运用定性研究方法,深度挖掘企业创新进程中与数字创新相关的研究者和企业家,共计深入访谈15位研究者和20位企业管理者,并将获取的重要信息梳理成问卷量表的具体条目。通过访谈分析而获得条目:“数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助提升市场对我们创新产出的接受度”“数字技术开发和(或)应用帮助克服创新过程中因认知差异带来的阻碍”“数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中拓展了我们的创新思路”“数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中重塑了我们的创新战略”“数字技术开发和(或)应用不知不觉中提升了创新对环境的保护”。
我们基于文献与访谈分析获取问卷具体条目共40个,接着进行条目的整理合并与删减,依据理论基础将条目分为3个内涵维度,形成具体的初级量表,共15个题项。
本研究覆盖了多个行业,包括互联网信息服务、电子通信行业、软件服务行业、生物医药行业、机械制造行业、建筑/房地产业、金融业、服务(文创、健康、旅游等)等。样本企业的行业分布范围较广,具有较好的代表性。其中,制造业企业占据了样本企业的一半,互联网信息服务业企业数量较多,与本研究探究数字化背景下的企业能力构建主体相符合。
本次问卷主要采用线上问卷的方式发送给企业的管理人员进行作答。共回收线上问卷451份,有效问卷为409份,有效问卷的回收率为90.7%。其中,年龄的范围从20岁到50岁以上,20-30岁11人(占比2.7%),31-40岁171人(占比41.8%),41-50岁192人(占比46.9%),50岁以上共35人(占比8.6%);进入企业的年限从3年以下到10年以上不等,其中,3年以下共计80名人员(占总人员的19.6%),3-5年82名人员(占总人员的20%),6-10年共计75名人员(占总人员的18.3%),10年以上172名人员(占总人员的42.1%);基层管理者281名人员(占总人员的68.7%),中高层管理者128名人员(占总人员的31.3%)。
首先,对数字化创新能力所测量的15个条目进行测量学的数据分析,各条目的统计均值范围是3.8973至4.2372,该分布范围表明了各条目的评分并没有出现绝大多数被试都选较高分数或较低的分数。并且各条目的标准差介于0.64397至0.86841之间,标准差的分布也是比较均匀,也没有显示变异数据存在。从数据分析的结果可以看出,各条目有比较合适的社会赞许性。接着,分析各条目的通俗性水平,具体范围为0.77702至0.84842,数据结果表明量表有适中的通俗性,量表在施测时会比较好理解。
在进行探索性因素分析之前,先将施测的数据样本随机分为两部分,本样本共计409,两组样本量分为205与204,分别进行随后的探索性因素分析(EFA)和验证性因素分析(CFA)。首先,进行探索性因素分析,对数字化创新能力的测量条目进行数据分析(n=205)。其中数据结果显示KMO= 0.91,高于标准值0.7,这说明该数据可以进行因素分析,即数字化创新能力问卷适合进行因素分析。并且球形检验的数据表明适合进行探索性因素分析(Bartlett球形检验值的显著水平为0.000<0.001,近似卡方分布为3064.502,k=91)。依据Kaiser原则(采用主成分分析与方差极大斜交旋),对数据提取特征根大于1因子,数据结果共提取3个特征根,并且3个特征根因子能够解释总方差的81.991%。具体进行探索性因素分析的过程中,有2个条目的因子载荷落在其他因子中(与理论不相符),删除了该条目。接着进行探索性因素分析,因子分析的结果如表3所示,最终数字化创新能力量表共计13个题目,问卷共解释总方差83.858%,各个因子的载荷都高于0.5,并且因子分布均匀。数据分析的三因素模型与文章理论建构相同,即数字化创新能力的量表由开放性、可供性、自生长性3个因子构成,这3个因子的方差贡献率分别为62.252%、13.875%、7.731%。因子V1开放性包含5个条目,因子V2可供性包含3个条目,因子V3自生长性有5个条目,如表3(条目中的前缀均被省略“我们会开发并应用数字化工具”)。
用第二组数据样本(n=204)进行验证性因子分析(CFA),分析理论构念模型(即探索性因子分析得到的模型)与实际施测数据的拟合情况。本研究共计提出4个竞争模型G1、G2、G3、G4,与基本模型G5进行比较,来检验理论构念模型的准确度,并最终确定最优模型。G1是将问卷中的13个条目归在单一维度上,用来表示数字化创新能力。G2-G4都是二因子模型(不同组合),G5为基本模型,理论构建的维度分别为开放性、可供性、自生长性3个因子(即探索性因素分析的结果)。G5模型的χ2值为181.020,df值为60,χ2/df值为3.017,均符合标准值的范围小于5; SRMR值为0.032,RMSEA值为0.099,均低于标准值0.1,TFI值为0.955,CFI的值为0.965,都大于标准值0.9,结果表明G5模型的拟合良好。验证性因素分析的结果如表4所示,G5模型的拟合指数要优于其他竞争模型G1、G2、G3、G4,数据分析的结果显示,G5模型[33]的即数字化创新能力的三因子模型拟合优良,三因子的理论结构得到验证性因素分析的验证。
运用数字化创新能力量表的总样本(n=409)进行信度分析。数据的结果表明数字化创新能力量表总的内部一致性系数为0.950,表明问卷的信度优秀,问卷的施测质量优良。具体分析,如表5所示,数字化创新能力的3个维度内部一致性系数都大于0.9,这表明数字化创新能力量表的3个维度都具有较优秀的信度[33],信度优良。
接着进行效度检验,分别从聚合效度、区分效度以及内容效度上进行分析。从聚合效度上分析,数字化创新能力量表中的3个维度的AVE值均高于0.5的标准,介于0.667至0.694之间(具体见表6),并且通过验证性因素分析和探索性因素分析的结果,各维度的因子载荷都大于0.5,因而数字化创新能力量表具有较好的聚合效度[34]。从区分效度上分析,数字化创新能力各个维度AVE的均方根介于0.817至0.833之间,都高于其所在行和列的相关系数,说明该量表区分效度较好。从内容效度上分析,数字化创新能力量表经过一系列探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,删除了交叉载荷的题项,最终保留载荷较高的题项,最终题项是多轮数据分析的结果具有科学性。同时,问卷开发过程严格按照标准化的范式开展,经过文献分析、深度访谈分析以及多轮题项的筛选与整理、优化并最终确定,这些都是内容效度的良好保证,因而分析表明,数字化创新能力量表的内容效度优良。
数字化创新能力作为企业于数字时代构建核心竞争力的关键要素,对创新绩效的影响呈现多维度、深层次的特征,其三个关键子维度从不同路径深度驱动企业创新绩效的提升,共同塑造企业在数字化时代的竞争优势。数字开放性创新能力是企业与外部环境高效互动的桥梁,在数字技术的助力下,企业能够突破信息与资源壁垒,实现内外部信息的深度、广泛且高效交互[1],使企业能迅速响应市场需求,推出契合市场的创新成果,转化为创新绩效的增长。数字可供性创新能力赋予企业在复杂市场环境中灵活应变的能力,数字技术的开放性、可编辑性等特性,为企业创新活动开辟了多元路径[14]。在全球化与数字化交织的背景下,面对不同市场的文化、制度差异,企业能够定制化运用数字技术,实现跨域协同创新,开发适配产品或服务,提升市场接受度,进而推动创新绩效提升[28]。数字自生长性创新能力激发企业创新的内生动力,引领创新走向非线性、迭代式发展路径。数字技术推动多元主体参与创新,加速创新迭代,拓展创新边界[31,32]。以开源软件平台为例,全球开发者的积极参与推动软件持续升级,满足用户多样化需求,为企业和行业带来显著创新绩效[31]。本研究基于数字化创新能力量表的开发与运用,尝试初步验证企业数字化创新能力对员工创新绩效的影响。基于以上理论基础,提出研究假设如下:
研究假设:数字化创新能力的开放性、可供性以及自生长性3个维度对员工的创新绩效均能产生正向影响。
基于同源数据集,数字化创新能力量表采用数据分析后最终确定的三维度和条目,量表具有优良的信效度。创新绩效采用Welbourne等[35]在研究中使用的4个条目,采用5点评分。问卷还测量了一些人口学变量如年龄、进入公司年限,并有控制变量。
进行数据分析之前,验证测量问卷信度,数据结果表明数字化创新能力的内部一致性系数为0.95,创新绩效的内部一致性系数为0.93,表明测量问卷信度优良。采用SPSS22.0进行数据分析。各变量的相关分析表如表7所示。
依据回归的结果,由表8的回归分析模型可知,数字化创新能力的三维度开放性(β=0.422,p<0.01),可供性(β=0.442,p<0.01)、自生长性(β=0.459,p<0.01)都能够对创新绩效产生显著的积极影响,模型的结果中回归系数显著(且为正),因而数据分析结果表明数字化创新能力的各个维度均与创新绩效显著正相关,假设被验证。
研究开发并验证了数字化创新能力量表(DICs Scale),并运用此量表对数字化创新能力与创新绩效之间的理论关系进行实证检验。研究首先对国内外文献进行系统性梳理,明确了数字化创新能力(DICs)的理论内涵与核心维度。其次,通过文献分析与深度访谈,研究形成包含40个初始条目的量表池,经语义合并与优化后提炼出15个题项的初始量表。进而面向不同行业的企业管理人员发放问卷,通过项目分析、探索性因子分析(EFA)与验证性因子分析(CFA)对量表进行实证检验,最终确立了包含3个维度、13个题项的数字化创新能力正式量表,其信效度指标均达到良好水平。基于此量表,研究通过多元回归分析验证了数字化创新能力对创新绩效的影响,结果显示,自生长性、可供性和开放性都对创新绩效具有显著积极促进作用,各回归系数为正且显著。
本研究的理论贡献与启示:首先,研究系统界定了数字化创新能力的理论内涵,创新性地提出了数字化创新能力的三维度框架,突破了动态能力框架对数字技术赋能创新过程的解释局限,揭示了数字化情境下企业创新能力的微观基础。其次,研究首次构建并验证了数字化创新能力的测量模型,为企业通过经验数据评估数字化创新能力提供了科学、可靠、有效的测量工具,补偿了该领域长期以来依赖理论推演而缺乏实证测量工具的短板。最后,研究基于该量表,通过实证研究验证了数字化创新能力对企业创新绩效的显著促进作用,为企业管理者指明了提升创新绩效的关键方向,更为企业在数字时代制定创新战略提供了指引。
本研究也存在一些不足之处。其一,研究采用横截面数据,仅能反映变量间的静态关联,无法捕捉数字化创新能力与企业创新绩效的演化关系。后续研究可设计追踪调查,分析能力构建与绩效产出的动态匹配过程,为阶段化能力培育策略提供依据。其二,研究初步验证了数字化创新能力的3个子维度对创新绩效的直接影响,但未深入揭示其作用路径或边界条件,未来可构建更全面的理论模型,以解析数字化创新能力的效能生成逻辑。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(72302223)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(72374189)
  • 北京市社会科学基金决策咨询重点项目(24JCB018)
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2026年第44卷第6期
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  • 接收时间:2025-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16
  • 修回日期:2025-06-04
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72302223)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72374189)
北京市社会科学基金决策咨询重点项目(24JCB018)
作者信息
    1 北京理工大学管理学院, 北京 100081
    2 北京理工大学国际组织创新学院, 北京 100081
    3 中共江苏省委党校公共管理教研部, 江苏南京 210009
    4 中国传媒大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100024

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王璐瑶(1991-),女,副教授,博士, E-mail: 。
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