Article(id=1289307014186775266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, issueId=1289306742370709735, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/j.1000-4734.2025.45.006, pmid=null, cstr=32252.14.j.1000-4734.2025.45.006, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722182400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1785324346347, onlineDateStr=2026-07-29, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1785324346347, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1785324346347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1785324346347, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1289306742370709735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, year='2026', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='20', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1785324281542, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1785388512677, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1289576147356860923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, issueId=1289306742370709735, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1289576147356860924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, issueId=1289306742370709735, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=135, endPage=154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1289307014358741731, articleId=1289307014186775266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, language=EN, title=The constraint of petrogenesis of Middle Ordovician magmatic rocks on the closure timing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the eastern Kudi area, Western Kunlun Mountains, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Mineralogica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Although previous researchers have conducted numerous studies on the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys in the Western Kunlun Mountains, there are still different opinions in understanding the closure timing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. In this article, we have conducted geological, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic geochronological studies of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks and monzogranite of the intrusive accretion complex in the Mailun area of the eastern Kudi. The results show that rhyolite samples have SiO2 contents ranging from 75.83% to 76.24%, K2O contents ranging from 4.68% to 5.35%, Na2O contents ranging from 3.09% to 4.22%, and A/CNK values ranging from 1.00 to 1.05, indicating that the rhyolite is a weak peraluminous rock and belongs to the high potassium alkaline series. The rhyolite samples have∑REE contents rangingfrom 161.95×10–6 to 238.53×10–6, (La/Yb)N values ranging from 10.11 to 10.97, (Gd/Yb)N values varying from 1.26 to 1.33, and δEu values ranging from 0.24 to 0.26. The monzogranite samples have SiO2 contents ranging from 69.39% to 74.81%, K2O contents ranging from 4.01% to 5.41%, Na2O contents ranging from 3.62% to 3.99%, and A/CNK values ranging from 1.01 to 1.20, indicating that they belong to the weak to to strong peraluminous rocks and/or belong to the high potassium alkaline - shoshonitic series. The monzogranite samples have ∑REE contents ranging from 233.08×10–6 to 754.92×10–6, (La/Yb)N values ranging from 12.04 to 34.84, (Gd/Yb)N values ranging from 1.60 to 5.26, and δEu values varying from 0.54 to 0.7. The rhyolite in the Middle Ordovician volcanic strata in the Eastern Kudi area has the LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of (473.4±4.8) Ma. It is believed that the rhyolite was formed in the early Middle Ordovician Epoch in the active continental marginal environment based on its zircon age and geochenical characteristics. The monzogranite has the LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of (459.3±1.1) Ma, indicating that it was formed in the late Middle Ordovician Epoch. It belongs to the strong peraluminous S-type granite with its magma sourced from the metamorphosed sedimentary rock. The monzogranite was formed at the beginning of the post-collision stage, indicating that the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Eastern Kudi area was in the late Middle Ordovician Epoch. Results of previous researches and this study have shown that the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Western Kunlun Mountains is characterized by many islands. The development of Kudi Ophiolite and Kangxiwa-Subashi Ophiolite indicates that the Proto-Tethys Oceanic plate was subducted sequentially from north to south.

, authors=Chundong BAI, Xinzheng ZHANG, authorsList=Chundong BAI, Xinzheng ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chundong BAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1289307016967598850, articleId=1289307014186775266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, language=CN, title=西昆仑库地东中奥陶世岩浆岩岩石成因对原特提斯洋闭合时限的制约, columnId=null, journalTitle=矿物学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

虽然前人对西昆仑早古生代原特提斯构造演化开展了诸多研究,但是对于原特提斯洋闭合时限认识仍存在分歧。本文对库地东麦仑一带中奥陶统火山地层岩片和侵入增生杂岩的二长花岗岩开展地质学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究。流纹岩的SiO2含量为75.83%~76.24%,K2O含量为4.68%~5.35%,Na2O含量为3.09%~4.22%,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05,为弱过铝质岩石,属于高钾系列。∑REE值为161.95×10–6~238.53×10–6,(La/Yb)N值为10.11~10.97,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.26~1.33,δEu值为0.24~0.26。二长花岗岩的SiO2含量为69.39%~74.81%; K2O含 量为4.01%~5.41%,Na2O含量为3.62%~3.99%,A/CNK为1.01~1.20,属于弱过铝质-强过铝质岩石,属于高钾系列—钾玄岩系列。∑REE为233.08×10–6~754.92×10–6,(La/Yb)N值为12.04~34.84,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.60~5.26,δEu值为0.54~0.7。库地东中奥陶统火山地层的流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma,时代为中奥陶世早期,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma,时代为中奥陶世晚期,属于S型强过铝质花岗岩,岩浆源区为变沉积岩。二长花岗岩代表后碰撞阶段的开始,表明库地东一带原特提斯洋闭合时代为中奥陶世晚期。前人研究成果和本团队研究西昆仑地区原特提斯洋具有多岛洋特征,发育库地蛇绿岩和康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩,自北向南依次俯冲。

, authors=白春东, 张新征, authorsList=白春东, 张新征, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=白春东, authorNote=

白春东,男,1986年生,高级工程师,硕士,从事区域地质调查和岩石学研究工作。E-mail:

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E-mail:
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白春东,男,1986年生,高级工程师,硕士,从事区域地质调查和岩石学研究工作。E-mail:

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白春东,男,1986年生,高级工程师,硕士,从事区域地质调查和岩石学研究工作。E-mail:

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据文献[10]修改。

, figureFileSmall=FnAxHnwJ51+XySnUf/201g==, figureFileBig=7iIVFDp3/kPMi9r18TWz3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020436288286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Photo of outcrop and micrograph of microstructure of rhyolite, figureFileSmall=PnyIgZe/YtAVxb5CWvrHFw==, figureFileBig=ifqnqoajN3p0jWinH90wkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020507591455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图2, caption=流纹岩野外和显微结构照片

Q−石英;Kf−钾长石。

, figureFileSmall=PnyIgZe/YtAVxb5CWvrHFw==, figureFileBig=ifqnqoajN3p0jWinH90wkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020570506016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Photo of outcrop and micrograph of microstructure of fine grained monzogranite, figureFileSmall=oFhB0cxjiT/AaXH2fioh3A==, figureFileBig=IOnI4SSeWcsjPxFxXZ5U3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020625031969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图3, caption=细粒二长花岗岩野外和显微结构照片

Q−石英;Kf−钾长石;Pl−斜长石;Bi−黑云母。

, figureFileSmall=oFhB0cxjiT/AaXH2fioh3A==, figureFileBig=IOnI4SSeWcsjPxFxXZ5U3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020696335138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=CL images of zircons from the rhyolite, figureFileSmall=uv2ubd6xwnWqENh7W8diog==, figureFileBig=6mceFOlgmEuDqqMEcimR4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020763444003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图4, caption=流纹岩锆石阴极发光图像, figureFileSmall=uv2ubd6xwnWqENh7W8diog==, figureFileBig=6mceFOlgmEuDqqMEcimR4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020838941476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The diagram for the weighted mean age and concordia diagram of the LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages of zircons of the rhyolite, figureFileSmall=K58MePHswT6CKvVTCnVt1Q==, figureFileBig=ZtlG0D32t83dZEx1IA7waQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020893467429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图5, caption=流纹岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U–Pb年龄谐和曲线图, figureFileSmall=K58MePHswT6CKvVTCnVt1Q==, figureFileBig=ZtlG0D32t83dZEx1IA7waQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307020981547814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=CL images of zircon crystals from the monzogranite, figureFileSmall=wL4KWOCs4lSfp4AMXsc7tg==, figureFileBig=pBqG4BQRiW9LIKSdQEHvxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021044462375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图6, caption=二长花岗岩锆石阴极发光图像, figureFileSmall=wL4KWOCs4lSfp4AMXsc7tg==, figureFileBig=pBqG4BQRiW9LIKSdQEHvxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021103182632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The concordia diagram of the LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dated ages and the weighted mean age of zircons from the nonzogranite, figureFileSmall=kYw1m3drjDQe5ywz5Bel9A==, figureFileBig=yyHlXJYLd2IvTmqfuJAigQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021166097193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图7, caption=二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U–Pb年龄谐和曲线图, figureFileSmall=kYw1m3drjDQe5ywz5Bel9A==, figureFileBig=yyHlXJYLd2IvTmqfuJAigQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021233206058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=The SiO2-K2O diagram of rhyolite and granite samples, figureFileSmall=M/z2JyEdm8xwtVmXgJl6WA==, figureFileBig=OHuSivHVvFDUE4qKQZ8n/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021296120619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图8, caption=流纹岩和二长花岗岩SiO2-K2O图解

底图引自文献[12]。

, figureFileSmall=M/z2JyEdm8xwtVmXgJl6WA==, figureFileBig=OHuSivHVvFDUE4qKQZ8n/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021354840876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and Primitive mantle-normalized sipergrams of trace elements (b) of rhyolite and granite samples, figureFileSmall=cQVFOwmIll4iFpej79EVJA==, figureFileBig=nDUI8Q6aSrLnJw+CVAVcgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021421949741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图9, caption=流纹岩和二长花岗岩球粒陨石标准化REE模式图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

a图据文献[13];b图据文献[14]。

, figureFileSmall=cQVFOwmIll4iFpej79EVJA==, figureFileBig=nDUI8Q6aSrLnJw+CVAVcgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021484864302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Various chemical discrimination diagrams for the highly fractionated granites and rhyolites in the eastern Kudi area, figureFileSmall=vBPeeI71kUPqpJvvpQzzgA==, figureFileBig=iGzTu0U40zYkYOK8jP1sog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021547778863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图10, caption=库地东流纹岩高分异花岗岩成因类型判别图

a~c底图据文献[19],I、S、M和 A分别代表I型、S 型、M 型和 A 型花岗岩,OGT 代表未分异的 I、S 和M型花岗岩区, FG代表分异的花岗岩区;d底图据文献[20]。

, figureFileSmall=vBPeeI71kUPqpJvvpQzzgA==, figureFileBig=iGzTu0U40zYkYOK8jP1sog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021614887728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Diagrams of Zr-TiO2 (a) and A-C-F (b) of rhyolite samples, figureFileSmall=o8QeG1+jsyqWLTZdFz9hrw==, figureFileBig=91L6vct3qZkt0R05NpE+CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021677802289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图11, caption=流纹岩Zr-TiO2图(a)和A-C-F图解(b)

a图据文献[21];b图据文献[22]。

, figureFileSmall=o8QeG1+jsyqWLTZdFz9hrw==, figureFileBig=91L6vct3qZkt0R05NpE+CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021744911154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Diagrams of Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba (a) and C/FM-A/FM (b) of the monzogranite samples, figureFileSmall=T3n3trEhXnsjjtU3G1zmIA==, figureFileBig=fJML+leynSzbKIYjhxyzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021812020019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图12, caption=二长花岗岩Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图(a)和C/FM-A/FM图解(b)

a图据文献[26];b图据文献[27]。

, figureFileSmall=T3n3trEhXnsjjtU3G1zmIA==, figureFileBig=fJML+leynSzbKIYjhxyzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307021879128884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=The p-t phase relationships in the partial melting field of hydrous basalt, figureFileSmall=p3mJWvNdmDgmxJT7+FF/ZQ==, figureFileBig=tXxjjcZ3fD587I8JzdsVMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023535878965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图13, caption=含水玄武岩部分熔融域温度-压力相图

引自文献[33]。

, figureFileSmall=p3mJWvNdmDgmxJT7+FF/ZQ==, figureFileBig=tXxjjcZ3fD587I8JzdsVMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023619765046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Diagram of Yb-Ta of rhyolite samples, figureFileSmall=26liixurz9NJ9kmm51X8Lw==, figureFileBig=hFJSuEhzfQp8TNe5XYKaQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023691068215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图14, caption=流纹岩Yb-Ta图解

据文献[34]。

, figureFileSmall=26liixurz9NJ9kmm51X8Lw==, figureFileBig=hFJSuEhzfQp8TNe5XYKaQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023753982776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Diagrams of Qz-Ab-Or-H2O facies (a) and Rb/30-Hf-3×Ta (b) of monzogranite samples, figureFileSmall=JS00+uu44/yZ8TqpPoWwPw==, figureFileBig=3n0SFfikBkq5abw0cB0HYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023825285945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=图15, caption=二长花岗岩Qz-Ab-Or-H2O相图(a)和Rb/30-Hf-3×Ta图解(b)

a图引自文献[12];b图据文献[40]。

, figureFileSmall=JS00+uu44/yZ8TqpPoWwPw==, figureFileBig=3n0SFfikBkq5abw0cB0HYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289307023896589114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The isotopic U–Pb dating results of zircons from the rhyolite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品号

含量/(×10–6)

同位素比值

同位素比值

年龄/Ma

P8TW1

Pb

U

Th

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

208Pb/232Th

232Th/238U

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

1

266

3093

151 88.1

0.0755

0.0008

0.6882

0.0098

0.0661

0.0008

0.0175

0.0003

1.0645

0.0026

469.0

4.8

531.7

7.6

811

26

2

145

1687

7533.5

0.0751

0.0008

0.5951

0.0082

0.0575

0.0007

0.0192

0.0003

1.0179

0.0065

466.8

4.8

474.1

6.5

510

27

3

428

4616

198 84.7

0.0761

0.0008

0.8203

0.0148

0.0781

0.0013

0.0215

0.0003

1.1528

0.0084

473.1

4.8

608.2

10.9

1150

34

4

192

2009

9380.8

0.0748

0.0008

0.6097

0.0084

0.0591

0.0007

0.0204

0.0003

1.4977

0.0095

465.2

4.8

483.4

6.7

571

26

5

107

1265

4929.6

0.0744

0.0007

0.5775

0.0080

0.0563

0.0007

0.0217

0.0003

0.8650

0.0032

462.6

4.6

462.8

6.4

464

28

6

246

2791

120 68.7

0.0756

0.0008

0.7996

0.0113

0.0767

0.0010

0.0204

0.0003

0.9960

0.0150

469.8

4.7

596.6

8.4

1114

25

7

102

1257

4085.5

0.0753

0.0008

0.6485

0.0098

0.0625

0.0008

0.0249

0.0004

0.5407

0.0034

468.1

4.8

507.6

7.6

690

27

8

140

1628

5883.5

0.0752

0.0007

0.5984

0.0083

0.0577

0.0007

0.0239

0.0004

0.8344

0.0016

467.5

4.7

476.2

6.6

518

27

9

348

4148

149 83.8

0.0750

0.0007

0.6500

0.0090

0.0628

0.0008

0.0232

0.0004

0.7315

0.0012

466.4

4.7

508.5

7.0

703

27

10

343

3605

137 08.5

0.0815

0.0008

0.7731

0.0120

0.0688

0.0009

0.0250

0.0004

0.9002

0.0012

505.0

5.0

581.5

9.0

893

28

11

87

1013

4815.1

0.0765

0.0008

0.6108

0.0085

0.0579

0.0007

0.0180

0.0003

0.9833

0.0015

475.3

4.7

484.1

6.7

526

27

12

126

1393

6253.7

0.0757

0.0008

0.6631

0.0092

0.0635

0.0008

0.0201

0.0003

1.1675

0.0008

470.6

4.8

516.5

7.2

725

26

13

133

1604

6615.0

0.0769

0.0008

0.6552

0.0092

0.0618

0.0008

0.0202

0.0003

0.7116

0.0014

477.3

4.9

511.7

7.2

668

26

14

106

1235

5305.6

0.0771

0.0008

0.6130

0.0085

0.0576

0.0007

0.0200

0.0003

0.8672

0.0020

479.0

4.8

485.4

6.7

516

27

15

51

604

2166.5

0.0766

0.0008

0.6613

0.0097

0.0626

0.0008

0.0236

0.0004

0.6845

0.0007

475.9

4.7

515.4

7.6

694

29

16

374

3976

159 72.7

0.0814

0.0008

0.6764

0.0093

0.0602

0.0007

0.0234

0.0005

0.9439

0.0010

504.7

5.1

524.6

7.2

612

26

17

41

510

2008.6

0.0747

0.0007

0.5898

0.0086

0.0573

0.0008

0.0202

0.0004

0.6344

0.0015

464.3

4.7

470.8

6.9

502

29

18

178

2135

9421.3

0.0750

0.0008

0.6333

0.0089

0.0613

0.0008

0.0189

0.0004

0.8708

0.0008

466.1

4.7

498.2

7.0

648

28

19

222

2605

136 13.1

0.0753

0.0008

0.6180

0.0086

0.0595

0.0007

0.0163

0.0003

1.1246

0.0052

468.0

4.8

488.6

6.8

586

27

20

233

2724

112 04.8

0.0764

0.0008

0.7464

0.0109

0.0708

0.0010

0.0208

0.0004

0.8131

0.0012

474.6

4.9

566.1

8.3

953

28

21

88

1055

4608.9

0.0756

0.0008

0.6238

0.0086

0.0598

0.0007

0.0191

0.0003

0.8490

0.0006

469.9

4.7

492.3

6.8

598

27

22

289

3045

115 66.4

0.0799

0.0008

0.8279

0.0182

0.0751

0.0014

0.0250

0.0005

0.9406

0.0080

495.7

5.1

612.4

13.4

1072

38

23

116

1357

5242.2

0.0770

0.0008

0.6275

0.0088

0.0591

0.0007

0.0220

0.0004

0.7554

0.0014

478.2

4.8

494.5

6.9

571

27

24

169

2190

8555.9

0.0741

0.0007

0.5876

0.0081

0.0575

0.0007

0.0197

0.0004

0.5363

0.0013

461.0

4.6

469.4

6.5

511

27

), ArticleFig(id=1289307024014029627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流纹岩锆石U–Pb分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品号

含量/(×10–6)

同位素比值

同位素比值

年龄/Ma

P8TW1

Pb

U

Th

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

208Pb/232Th

232Th/238U

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

1

266

3093

151 88.1

0.0755

0.0008

0.6882

0.0098

0.0661

0.0008

0.0175

0.0003

1.0645

0.0026

469.0

4.8

531.7

7.6

811

26

2

145

1687

7533.5

0.0751

0.0008

0.5951

0.0082

0.0575

0.0007

0.0192

0.0003

1.0179

0.0065

466.8

4.8

474.1

6.5

510

27

3

428

4616

198 84.7

0.0761

0.0008

0.8203

0.0148

0.0781

0.0013

0.0215

0.0003

1.1528

0.0084

473.1

4.8

608.2

10.9

1150

34

4

192

2009

9380.8

0.0748

0.0008

0.6097

0.0084

0.0591

0.0007

0.0204

0.0003

1.4977

0.0095

465.2

4.8

483.4

6.7

571

26

5

107

1265

4929.6

0.0744

0.0007

0.5775

0.0080

0.0563

0.0007

0.0217

0.0003

0.8650

0.0032

462.6

4.6

462.8

6.4

464

28

6

246

2791

120 68.7

0.0756

0.0008

0.7996

0.0113

0.0767

0.0010

0.0204

0.0003

0.9960

0.0150

469.8

4.7

596.6

8.4

1114

25

7

102

1257

4085.5

0.0753

0.0008

0.6485

0.0098

0.0625

0.0008

0.0249

0.0004

0.5407

0.0034

468.1

4.8

507.6

7.6

690

27

8

140

1628

5883.5

0.0752

0.0007

0.5984

0.0083

0.0577

0.0007

0.0239

0.0004

0.8344

0.0016

467.5

4.7

476.2

6.6

518

27

9

348

4148

149 83.8

0.0750

0.0007

0.6500

0.0090

0.0628

0.0008

0.0232

0.0004

0.7315

0.0012

466.4

4.7

508.5

7.0

703

27

10

343

3605

137 08.5

0.0815

0.0008

0.7731

0.0120

0.0688

0.0009

0.0250

0.0004

0.9002

0.0012

505.0

5.0

581.5

9.0

893

28

11

87

1013

4815.1

0.0765

0.0008

0.6108

0.0085

0.0579

0.0007

0.0180

0.0003

0.9833

0.0015

475.3

4.7

484.1

6.7

526

27

12

126

1393

6253.7

0.0757

0.0008

0.6631

0.0092

0.0635

0.0008

0.0201

0.0003

1.1675

0.0008

470.6

4.8

516.5

7.2

725

26

13

133

1604

6615.0

0.0769

0.0008

0.6552

0.0092

0.0618

0.0008

0.0202

0.0003

0.7116

0.0014

477.3

4.9

511.7

7.2

668

26

14

106

1235

5305.6

0.0771

0.0008

0.6130

0.0085

0.0576

0.0007

0.0200

0.0003

0.8672

0.0020

479.0

4.8

485.4

6.7

516

27

15

51

604

2166.5

0.0766

0.0008

0.6613

0.0097

0.0626

0.0008

0.0236

0.0004

0.6845

0.0007

475.9

4.7

515.4

7.6

694

29

16

374

3976

159 72.7

0.0814

0.0008

0.6764

0.0093

0.0602

0.0007

0.0234

0.0005

0.9439

0.0010

504.7

5.1

524.6

7.2

612

26

17

41

510

2008.6

0.0747

0.0007

0.5898

0.0086

0.0573

0.0008

0.0202

0.0004

0.6344

0.0015

464.3

4.7

470.8

6.9

502

29

18

178

2135

9421.3

0.0750

0.0008

0.6333

0.0089

0.0613

0.0008

0.0189

0.0004

0.8708

0.0008

466.1

4.7

498.2

7.0

648

28

19

222

2605

136 13.1

0.0753

0.0008

0.6180

0.0086

0.0595

0.0007

0.0163

0.0003

1.1246

0.0052

468.0

4.8

488.6

6.8

586

27

20

233

2724

112 04.8

0.0764

0.0008

0.7464

0.0109

0.0708

0.0010

0.0208

0.0004

0.8131

0.0012

474.6

4.9

566.1

8.3

953

28

21

88

1055

4608.9

0.0756

0.0008

0.6238

0.0086

0.0598

0.0007

0.0191

0.0003

0.8490

0.0006

469.9

4.7

492.3

6.8

598

27

22

289

3045

115 66.4

0.0799

0.0008

0.8279

0.0182

0.0751

0.0014

0.0250

0.0005

0.9406

0.0080

495.7

5.1

612.4

13.4

1072

38

23

116

1357

5242.2

0.0770

0.0008

0.6275

0.0088

0.0591

0.0007

0.0220

0.0004

0.7554

0.0014

478.2

4.8

494.5

6.9

571

27

24

169

2190

8555.9

0.0741

0.0007

0.5876

0.0081

0.0575

0.0007

0.0197

0.0004

0.5363

0.0013

461.0

4.6

469.4

6.5

511

27

), ArticleFig(id=1289307024102110012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The isotopic U–Pb dating results of zircons from the monzogranite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品号

含量/(×10–6)

同位素比值

年龄/Ma

P9TW2

Pb

U

Th

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

208Pb/232Th

232Th/238U

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

P9TW2.1

100

1312

3597.1

0.0735

0.0006

0.5802

0.0053

0.0573

0.0004

0.0278

0.0001

0.3589

0.0019

457.0

4.0

464.6

4.3

502

17

P9TW2.2

53

699

3063.6

0.0737

0.0004

0.5808

0.0054

0.0572

0.0005

0.0173

0.0001

0.5483

0.0034

458.4

2.4

465.0

4.3

498

20

P9TW2.3

78

1023

3768.1

0.0736

0.0004

0.5758

0.0051

0.0567

0.0005

0.0207

0.0001

0.4704

0.0025

458.1

2.5

461.8

4.1

480

18

P9TW2.4

96

1233

4247.8

0.0736

0.0003

0.5738

0.0049

0.0566

0.0005

0.0226

0.0001

0.5272

0.0055

457.6

1.9

460.4

3.9

475

18

P9TW2.5

66

871

2959.6

0.0745

0.0004

0.5858

0.0052

0.0571

0.0005

0.0223

0.0001

0.3998

0.0050

463.1

2.4

468.2

4.2

494

18

P9TW2.6

68

908

3192.5

0.0735

0.0004

0.5801

0.0066

0.0572

0.0006

0.0213

0.0025

0.4320

0.0359

457.2

2.6

464.5

5.3

501

22

P9TW2.7

93

1193

4720.8

0.0741

0.0005

0.5756

0.0049

0.0563

0.0004

0.0197

0.0002

0.5772

0.0022

460.8

2.8

461.6

3.9

466

17

P9TW2.8

86

1125

4673.9

0.0735

0.0005

0.5835

0.0055

0.0576

0.0005

0.0184

0.0001

0.5560

0.0044

457.2

3.3

466.7

4.4

513

18

P9TW2.9

131

1647

6649.7

0.0743

0.0004

0.5908

0.0054

0.0576

0.0005

0.0197

0.0001

0.6719

0.0038

462.3

2.6

471.4

4.3

515

18

P9TW2.10

64

847

3248.7

0.0745

0.0004

0.5907

0.0054

0.0575

0.0005

0.0197

0.0001

0.4526

0.0021

463.5

2.6

471.3

4.3

509

18

P9TW2.11

60

788

3225.8

0.0742

0.0004

0.5869

0.0053

0.0574

0.0005

0.0186

0.0002

0.4984

0.0050

461.2

2.7

468.9

4.3

507

19

P9TW2.12

125

1602

5924.2

0.0740

0.0003

0.5897

0.0048

0.0578

0.0004

0.0211

0.0000

0.5381

0.0020

460.5

2.1

470.7

3.8

521

17

P9TW2.13

64

851

3106.8

0.0736

0.0004

0.5843

0.0055

0.0576

0.0005

0.0206

0.0001

0.4089

0.0017

457.5

2.5

467.2

4.4

515

19

P9TW2.14

81

1013

3698.6

0.0738

0.0003

0.5756

0.0051

0.0566

0.0005

0.0219

0.0001

0.6329

0.0034

458.9

2.2

461.6

4.1

475

20

P9TW2.15

71

914

2898.0

0.0729

0.0004

0.5654

0.0065

0.0563

0.0006

0.0245

0.0001

0.5021

0.0068

453.6

2.3

455.0

5.2

462

22

P9TW2.16

79

990

3347.5

0.0736

0.0004

0.5705

0.0049

0.0562

0.0004

0.0236

0.0001

0.5810

0.0062

457.9

2.5

458.3

3.9

461

18

P9TW2.17

82

1048

3431.0

0.0739

0.0004

0.5756

0.0048

0.0565

0.0004

0.0239

0.0000

0.5292

0.0026

459.8

2.2

461.6

3.9

471

18

P9TW2.18

45

580

1685.4

0.0740

0.0005

0.5723

0.0057

0.0561

0.0005

0.0267

0.0001

0.4446

0.0068

460.1

3.1

459.5

4.6

456

20

P9TW2.19

74

950

2671.5

0.0744

0.0004

0.5836

0.0051

0.0569

0.0005

0.0277

0.0001

0.4125

0.0029

462.8

2.3

466.8

4.1

487

18

), ArticleFig(id=1289307024185996093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样品号

含量/(×10–6)

同位素比值

年龄/Ma

P9TW2

Pb

U

Th

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

208Pb/232Th

232Th/238U

206Pb/238U

207Pb/235U

207Pb/206Pb

P9TW2.1

100

1312

3597.1

0.0735

0.0006

0.5802

0.0053

0.0573

0.0004

0.0278

0.0001

0.3589

0.0019

457.0

4.0

464.6

4.3

502

17

P9TW2.2

53

699

3063.6

0.0737

0.0004

0.5808

0.0054

0.0572

0.0005

0.0173

0.0001

0.5483

0.0034

458.4

2.4

465.0

4.3

498

20

P9TW2.3

78

1023

3768.1

0.0736

0.0004

0.5758

0.0051

0.0567

0.0005

0.0207

0.0001

0.4704

0.0025

458.1

2.5

461.8

4.1

480

18

P9TW2.4

96

1233

4247.8

0.0736

0.0003

0.5738

0.0049

0.0566

0.0005

0.0226

0.0001

0.5272

0.0055

457.6

1.9

460.4

3.9

475

18

P9TW2.5

66

871

2959.6

0.0745

0.0004

0.5858

0.0052

0.0571

0.0005

0.0223

0.0001

0.3998

0.0050

463.1

2.4

468.2

4.2

494

18

P9TW2.6

68

908

3192.5

0.0735

0.0004

0.5801

0.0066

0.0572

0.0006

0.0213

0.0025

0.4320

0.0359

457.2

2.6

464.5

5.3

501

22

P9TW2.7

93

1193

4720.8

0.0741

0.0005

0.5756

0.0049

0.0563

0.0004

0.0197

0.0002

0.5772

0.0022

460.8

2.8

461.6

3.9

466

17

P9TW2.8

86

1125

4673.9

0.0735

0.0005

0.5835

0.0055

0.0576

0.0005

0.0184

0.0001

0.5560

0.0044

457.2

3.3

466.7

4.4

513

18

P9TW2.9

131

1647

6649.7

0.0743

0.0004

0.5908

0.0054

0.0576

0.0005

0.0197

0.0001

0.6719

0.0038

462.3

2.6

471.4

4.3

515

18

P9TW2.10

64

847

3248.7

0.0745

0.0004

0.5907

0.0054

0.0575

0.0005

0.0197

0.0001

0.4526

0.0021

463.5

2.6

471.3

4.3

509

18

P9TW2.11

60

788

3225.8

0.0742

0.0004

0.5869

0.0053

0.0574

0.0005

0.0186

0.0002

0.4984

0.0050

461.2

2.7

468.9

4.3

507

19

P9TW2.12

125

1602

5924.2

0.0740

0.0003

0.5897

0.0048

0.0578

0.0004

0.0211

0.0000

0.5381

0.0020

460.5

2.1

470.7

3.8

521

17

P9TW2.13

64

851

3106.8

0.0736

0.0004

0.5843

0.0055

0.0576

0.0005

0.0206

0.0001

0.4089

0.0017

457.5

2.5

467.2

4.4

515

19

P9TW2.14

81

1013

3698.6

0.0738

0.0003

0.5756

0.0051

0.0566

0.0005

0.0219

0.0001

0.6329

0.0034

458.9

2.2

461.6

4.1

475

20

P9TW2.15

71

914

2898.0

0.0729

0.0004

0.5654

0.0065

0.0563

0.0006

0.0245

0.0001

0.5021

0.0068

453.6

2.3

455.0

5.2

462

22

P9TW2.16

79

990

3347.5

0.0736

0.0004

0.5705

0.0049

0.0562

0.0004

0.0236

0.0001

0.5810

0.0062

457.9

2.5

458.3

3.9

461

18

P9TW2.17

82

1048

3431.0

0.0739

0.0004

0.5756

0.0048

0.0565

0.0004

0.0239

0.0000

0.5292

0.0026

459.8

2.2

461.6

3.9

471

18

P9TW2.18

45

580

1685.4

0.0740

0.0005

0.5723

0.0057

0.0561

0.0005

0.0267

0.0001

0.4446

0.0068

460.1

3.1

459.5

4.6

456

20

P9TW2.19

74

950

2671.5

0.0744

0.0004

0.5836

0.0051

0.0569

0.0005

0.0277

0.0001

0.4125

0.0029

462.8

2.3

466.8

4.1

487

18

), ArticleFig(id=1289307024265687870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analytical results of major and trace elements of rhyolite and monzogranite samples and related parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样号

P8YQ1

P8YQ2

P8YQ3

P8YQ4

P9b1

P9b3

P9b4

岩性

流纹岩

二长花岗岩

SiO2

76.24

76.2

75.83

76.16

69.39

73.19

74.81

TiO2

0.09

0.1

0.09

0.1

0.480

0.19

0.12

Al2O3

12.44

12.73

12.92

12.36

15.12

13.86

13.08

Fe2O3

0.31

0.41

0.15

0.49

0.53

1.11

1.24

FeO

0.84

0.65

0.67

0.91

2.18

0.84

0.22

MnO

0.019

0.019

0.017

0.018

0.034

0.029

0.024

MgO

0.07

0.06

0.09

0.15

1.14

0.16

0.08

CaO

0.53

0.28

0.5

0.44

1.14

0.52

0.61

Na2O

3.56

3.75

4.22

3.09

3.73

3.62

3.99

K2O

5.00

5.06

4.68

5.35

4.01

5.41

5.00

P2O5

0.013

0.013

0.014

0.016

0.115

0.026

0.020

Los

0.83

0.68

0.76

0.85

2.04

1.00

0.75

Rb

190.0

187.8

136.7

177.3

251.4

247.3

252.6

Sr

46.4

33.4

58.6

49.6

152.9

21.8

19.5

Ba

312.3

319.8

324.2

392.5

470.6

163.1

269.0

Ga

14.62

15.42

16.81

16.80

24.33

20.54

18.21

Nb

13.43

12.83

12.56

13.56

15.89

26.58

16.57

Ta

1.33

1.28

1.20

1.38

2.29

1.88

2.15

Zr

128.8

123.4

123.9

135.7

177.3

276.0

170.4

Hf

4.47

4.24

4.18

4.50

4.70

9.68

5.23

Th

35.1

36.2

30.7

38.4

20.42

22.56

22.88

V

9.6

8.5

8.7

8.4

36.9

0.1

1.9

Cr

4.0

5.0

3.6

3.2

10.1

3.0

4.0

Sc

0.60

0.50

0.33

0.53

7.26

2.90

4.49

U

1.73

3.82

1.46

0.99

5.45

5.70

12.48

La

45.75

45.86

39.53

57.44

153.4

64.32

59.12

Ce

83.46

83.15

69.8

103.5

335.4

126.5

106.7

Pr

8.77

8.85

7.47

10.88

40.95

14.34

10.98

Nd

28.81

28.8

24.54

35.52

150.2

50.73

35.6

Sm

5.1

5.1

4.41

6.5

26.52

10.19

5.48

Eu

0.39

0.39

0.34

0.49

4.21

1.65

1.18

Gd

4.72

4.66

4.07

6.04

19.35

7.89

4.57

Tb

0.84

0.79

0.72

1.07

2.64

1.26

0.63

Dy

5.06

4.77

4.43

6.86

11.36

6.65

3.27

Ho

1.01

0.94

0.86

1.36

1.96

1.3

0.67

Er

2.73

2.57

2.33

3.66

4.98

3.58

1.98

Tm

0.45

0.44

0.39

0.61

0.64

0.62

0.36

Yb

3.02

2.82

2.56

3.83

2.97

3.6

2.31

Lu

0.59

0.57

0.5

0.77

0.36

0.45

0.27

Y

23.75

22.84

21.15

34.06

46.13

34.04

19.21

σ

2.20

2.34

2.41

2.15

2.27

2.70

2.54

A/CNK

1.02

1.05

1.00

1.05

1.20

1.10

1.01

Mg#

11

6

15

17

40

13

10

K2O/Na2O

1.40

1.35

1.11

1.73

1.07

1.49

1.25

Rb/Sr

4.09

5.62

2.33

3.57

1.64

11.34

12.95

∑REE

190.7

189.71

161.95

238.53

754.92

293.08

233.12

(La/Yb)N

10.23

10.97

10.41

10.11

34.84

17.28

12.04

δEu

0.24

0.26

0.24

0.25

0.54

0.7

0.6

(Gd/Yb)N

1.26

1.33

1.28

1.27

5.26

1.78

1.60

), ArticleFig(id=1289307024345379647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1287019341717536775, articleId=1289307014186775266, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

流纹岩和二长花岗岩主量元素和微量元素及相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

样号

P8YQ1

P8YQ2

P8YQ3

P8YQ4

P9b1

P9b3

P9b4

岩性

流纹岩

二长花岗岩

SiO2

76.24

76.2

75.83

76.16

69.39

73.19

74.81

TiO2

0.09

0.1

0.09

0.1

0.480

0.19

0.12

Al2O3

12.44

12.73

12.92

12.36

15.12

13.86

13.08

Fe2O3

0.31

0.41

0.15

0.49

0.53

1.11

1.24

FeO

0.84

0.65

0.67

0.91

2.18

0.84

0.22

MnO

0.019

0.019

0.017

0.018

0.034

0.029

0.024

MgO

0.07

0.06

0.09

0.15

1.14

0.16

0.08

CaO

0.53

0.28

0.5

0.44

1.14

0.52

0.61

Na2O

3.56

3.75

4.22

3.09

3.73

3.62

3.99

K2O

5.00

5.06

4.68

5.35

4.01

5.41

5.00

P2O5

0.013

0.013

0.014

0.016

0.115

0.026

0.020

Los

0.83

0.68

0.76

0.85

2.04

1.00

0.75

Rb

190.0

187.8

136.7

177.3

251.4

247.3

252.6

Sr

46.4

33.4

58.6

49.6

152.9

21.8

19.5

Ba

312.3

319.8

324.2

392.5

470.6

163.1

269.0

Ga

14.62

15.42

16.81

16.80

24.33

20.54

18.21

Nb

13.43

12.83

12.56

13.56

15.89

26.58

16.57

Ta

1.33

1.28

1.20

1.38

2.29

1.88

2.15

Zr

128.8

123.4

123.9

135.7

177.3

276.0

170.4

Hf

4.47

4.24

4.18

4.50

4.70

9.68

5.23

Th

35.1

36.2

30.7

38.4

20.42

22.56

22.88

V

9.6

8.5

8.7

8.4

36.9

0.1

1.9

Cr

4.0

5.0

3.6

3.2

10.1

3.0

4.0

Sc

0.60

0.50

0.33

0.53

7.26

2.90

4.49

U

1.73

3.82

1.46

0.99

5.45

5.70

12.48

La

45.75

45.86

39.53

57.44

153.4

64.32

59.12

Ce

83.46

83.15

69.8

103.5

335.4

126.5

106.7

Pr

8.77

8.85

7.47

10.88

40.95

14.34

10.98

Nd

28.81

28.8

24.54

35.52

150.2

50.73

35.6

Sm

5.1

5.1

4.41

6.5

26.52

10.19

5.48

Eu

0.39

0.39

0.34

0.49

4.21

1.65

1.18

Gd

4.72

4.66

4.07

6.04

19.35

7.89

4.57

Tb

0.84

0.79

0.72

1.07

2.64

1.26

0.63

Dy

5.06

4.77

4.43

6.86

11.36

6.65

3.27

Ho

1.01

0.94

0.86

1.36

1.96

1.3

0.67

Er

2.73

2.57

2.33

3.66

4.98

3.58

1.98

Tm

0.45

0.44

0.39

0.61

0.64

0.62

0.36

Yb

3.02

2.82

2.56

3.83

2.97

3.6

2.31

Lu

0.59

0.57

0.5

0.77

0.36

0.45

0.27

Y

23.75

22.84

21.15

34.06

46.13

34.04

19.21

σ

2.20

2.34

2.41

2.15

2.27

2.70

2.54

A/CNK

1.02

1.05

1.00

1.05

1.20

1.10

1.01

Mg#

11

6

15

17

40

13

10

K2O/Na2O

1.40

1.35

1.11

1.73

1.07

1.49

1.25

Rb/Sr

4.09

5.62

2.33

3.57

1.64

11.34

12.95

∑REE

190.7

189.71

161.95

238.53

754.92

293.08

233.12

(La/Yb)N

10.23

10.97

10.41

10.11

34.84

17.28

12.04

δEu

0.24

0.26

0.24

0.25

0.54

0.7

0.6

(Gd/Yb)N

1.26

1.33

1.28

1.27

5.26

1.78

1.60

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西昆仑库地东中奥陶世岩浆岩岩石成因对原特提斯洋闭合时限的制约
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白春东 , 张新征
矿物学报 | 2026,46(1): 135-154
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矿物学报 | 2026 , 46 (1) : 135 -154
西昆仑库地东中奥陶世岩浆岩岩石成因对原特提斯洋闭合时限的制约
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白春东 , 张新征
作者信息
  • 河北省区域地质调查院,河北 廊坊 065000
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白春东,男,1986年生,高级工程师,硕士,从事区域地质调查和岩石学研究工作。E-mail:

The constraint of petrogenesis of Middle Ordovician magmatic rocks on the closure timing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the eastern Kudi area, Western Kunlun Mountains
Chundong BAI , Xinzheng ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Hebei Regional Geological Survey, Langfang Hebei 065000, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.3724/j.1000-4734.2025.45.006
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虽然前人对西昆仑早古生代原特提斯构造演化开展了诸多研究,但是对于原特提斯洋闭合时限认识仍存在分歧。本文对库地东麦仑一带中奥陶统火山地层岩片和侵入增生杂岩的二长花岗岩开展地质学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究。流纹岩的SiO2含量为75.83%~76.24%,K2O含量为4.68%~5.35%,Na2O含量为3.09%~4.22%,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05,为弱过铝质岩石,属于高钾系列。∑REE值为161.95×10–6~238.53×10–6,(La/Yb)N值为10.11~10.97,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.26~1.33,δEu值为0.24~0.26。二长花岗岩的SiO2含量为69.39%~74.81%; K2O含 量为4.01%~5.41%,Na2O含量为3.62%~3.99%,A/CNK为1.01~1.20,属于弱过铝质-强过铝质岩石,属于高钾系列—钾玄岩系列。∑REE为233.08×10–6~754.92×10–6,(La/Yb)N值为12.04~34.84,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.60~5.26,δEu值为0.54~0.7。库地东中奥陶统火山地层的流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma,时代为中奥陶世早期,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma,时代为中奥陶世晚期,属于S型强过铝质花岗岩,岩浆源区为变沉积岩。二长花岗岩代表后碰撞阶段的开始,表明库地东一带原特提斯洋闭合时代为中奥陶世晚期。前人研究成果和本团队研究西昆仑地区原特提斯洋具有多岛洋特征,发育库地蛇绿岩和康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩,自北向南依次俯冲。

西昆仑  /  库地  /  原特提斯洋  /  中奥陶世  /  后碰撞  /  S型花岗岩

Although previous researchers have conducted numerous studies on the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys in the Western Kunlun Mountains, there are still different opinions in understanding the closure timing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. In this article, we have conducted geological, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic geochronological studies of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks and monzogranite of the intrusive accretion complex in the Mailun area of the eastern Kudi. The results show that rhyolite samples have SiO2 contents ranging from 75.83% to 76.24%, K2O contents ranging from 4.68% to 5.35%, Na2O contents ranging from 3.09% to 4.22%, and A/CNK values ranging from 1.00 to 1.05, indicating that the rhyolite is a weak peraluminous rock and belongs to the high potassium alkaline series. The rhyolite samples have∑REE contents rangingfrom 161.95×10–6 to 238.53×10–6, (La/Yb)N values ranging from 10.11 to 10.97, (Gd/Yb)N values varying from 1.26 to 1.33, and δEu values ranging from 0.24 to 0.26. The monzogranite samples have SiO2 contents ranging from 69.39% to 74.81%, K2O contents ranging from 4.01% to 5.41%, Na2O contents ranging from 3.62% to 3.99%, and A/CNK values ranging from 1.01 to 1.20, indicating that they belong to the weak to to strong peraluminous rocks and/or belong to the high potassium alkaline - shoshonitic series. The monzogranite samples have ∑REE contents ranging from 233.08×10–6 to 754.92×10–6, (La/Yb)N values ranging from 12.04 to 34.84, (Gd/Yb)N values ranging from 1.60 to 5.26, and δEu values varying from 0.54 to 0.7. The rhyolite in the Middle Ordovician volcanic strata in the Eastern Kudi area has the LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of (473.4±4.8) Ma. It is believed that the rhyolite was formed in the early Middle Ordovician Epoch in the active continental marginal environment based on its zircon age and geochenical characteristics. The monzogranite has the LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of (459.3±1.1) Ma, indicating that it was formed in the late Middle Ordovician Epoch. It belongs to the strong peraluminous S-type granite with its magma sourced from the metamorphosed sedimentary rock. The monzogranite was formed at the beginning of the post-collision stage, indicating that the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Eastern Kudi area was in the late Middle Ordovician Epoch. Results of previous researches and this study have shown that the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Western Kunlun Mountains is characterized by many islands. The development of Kudi Ophiolite and Kangxiwa-Subashi Ophiolite indicates that the Proto-Tethys Oceanic plate was subducted sequentially from north to south.

Western Kunlun Mountains  /  Kudi  /  Proto-Tethys Ocean  /  Middle Ordovician  /  post-collision  /  S-type granite
白春东, 张新征. 西昆仑库地东中奥陶世岩浆岩岩石成因对原特提斯洋闭合时限的制约. 矿物学报, 2026 , 46 (1) : 135 -154 . DOI: 10.3724/j.1000-4734.2025.45.006
Chundong BAI, Xinzheng ZHANG. The constraint of petrogenesis of Middle Ordovician magmatic rocks on the closure timing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the eastern Kudi area, Western Kunlun Mountains[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2026 , 46 (1) : 135 -154 . DOI: 10.3724/j.1000-4734.2025.45.006
西昆仑地区经历了原特提斯、古特提斯、新特提斯等多个构造演化期次,由于地形差、交通不便以及地质工作程度低,西昆仑地区早古生代原特提斯洋的构造演化细节不甚清楚。前人对西昆仑地区早古生代原特提斯洋演构造演化和闭合时限存在明显分歧:1)志留纪(440~404 Ma)时期原特提斯洋处于聚合碰撞-热隆引张阶段[1,2];2)原特提斯洋在古生代早期已消减聚合[3,4];3)原特提斯洋的汇聚俯冲时间早于晚奥陶世[5-7];4)原特提斯洋在中奥陶世-志留纪处于消减的末期[8];5)晚寒武世-早奥陶世库地洋已经闭合[9]
西昆仑库地地区处于早古生代原特提斯构造形成的柯岗−库地−其曼于特缝合带关键地段,本文通过对库地一带早古生代构造混杂岩的中奥陶世火山岩岩片和侵入构造混杂岩的二长花岗岩开展地质学、岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素年代学研究,确定二者成岩年代、成因类型以及构造环境,为西昆仑库地一带原特提斯洋构造演化和消减闭合时限提供地质证据。
新疆西昆仑库地一带横跨铁克里克陆缘地块、中昆仑地块、北昆仑古生代复合沟弧带和早古生代柯岗−库地−其曼于特缝合带。铁克里克陆缘地块与西昆仑山前逆冲推覆带大致重合,位于塔里木盆地外缘,与北昆仑古生代复合沟弧带分界为托帕达坂断裂,该区以山前出现大量向盆地逆冲的推覆构造为特征。北昆仑古生代复合沟弧带近东西向展布,边界由北西向深大断裂及近东西向断层系构成,南侧与中昆仑南地块以柯岗−库地−其曼于特缝合带为界,区内主要为寒武纪-奥陶纪火山-沉积地层,石炭纪库尔良裂陷槽沉积,中晚三叠世岩浆活动剧烈。中昆仑地块以大面积古生代岩浆活动为特征,残留古老基底以及少量的元古代和晚古生代盖层沉积;断裂极为发育,主要为北西向断裂和近东西向断裂。
柯岗−库地−其曼于特缝合带东西向贯穿研究区,是研究早古生代原特提斯洋构造演化的有利地段。库地缝合带南侧中昆仑地块发育长城系赛图拉岩群,中志留世二长花岗岩和晚三叠世二长花岗岩侵入赛图拉岩群;缝合带北侧发育早古生代构造混杂岩、库地蛇绿岩、中寒武统依莎克群、寒武系-奥陶系西合休岩组、中奥陶统、下石炭统他龙群、上石炭统库尔良群;奥陶纪二长花岗岩侵入早古生代构造混杂岩(图1)。
长城系赛图拉岩群为一套片麻岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩夹片岩的角闪岩相变质岩石组合。库地蛇绿岩主要为橄榄岩、辉橄岩、橄辉岩、强次闪石化含尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、辉长岩,北侧与早古生代构造混杂岩构造接触,南侧俯冲于赛图拉岩群之下。
早古生代构造混杂岩主体分布于西合休-库地-克捷克库拉木拉克一带,近东西向带状展布,出露长度约60 km,东侧在开克如木一带被上石炭统库尔良群角度不整合覆盖,北西侧与中寒武统依莎克群岩片断层接触,南侧俯冲于长城系赛图拉岩群之下,出露宽度约5~10 km。构造混杂岩的基质为二云石英片岩、绿泥长石片岩、二云片岩、白云母绿泥斜长片岩等,变质程度为绿片岩相,原岩为泥砂质碎屑岩;岩块为辉长岩、玄武岩、橄榄岩、石英闪长岩、片麻状二长花岗岩、大理岩、岩屑砂岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、白云母石英岩等。
中寒武世依莎克群和中奥陶统均以岩片形式与构造混杂岩构造接触,莎克群以玄武岩为主;中奥陶统主要岩性为变质流纹岩、变质英安岩、变质(含砾)含凝灰质岩屑砂岩,千枚状绢云沉凝灰质板岩等,岩石普遍发生蚀变和角岩化。
他龙群主要岩性为灰黑色炭质粉砂质千枚岩、灰黑色变质中粗粒长石砂岩、含砾长石砂岩;库尔良群主要灰绿色-灰黑色变质(岩屑)长石砂岩、岩屑砂岩、石英砂岩、绢云长英质板岩。奥陶纪二长花岗岩侵入构造混杂岩和中奥陶统,被晚石炭世库尔良群角度不整合覆盖(图1)。
中奥陶统分布于库地东曲滚一带,呈岩片分布于早古生代泥砂质构造混杂岩。主要岩性为流纹岩、英安岩、(含砾)含凝灰质岩屑砂岩,千枚状绢云沉凝灰质板岩等。
二长花岗岩分布于库地东麦仑一带,斑状二长花岗岩分布于岩体南侧边部,主体为细粒二长花岗岩,二长花岗岩侵入早古生代构造混杂岩和中奥陶统,细粒二长花岗岩与斑状二长花岗岩涌动接触;根据2004年麻札幅神仙湾幅1:25万区域地质调查[10],二者均被晚石炭世库尔良群角度不整合覆盖。
(1)中奥陶统
流纹岩呈灰白色,斑状结构,块状构造,由斑晶、基质组成。斑晶由石英、钾长石组成,粒度一般0.2~0.8 mm。石英呈他形粒状,零星分布;钾长石呈近半自形板状,零星分布,轻黏土化,斑晶含量1%~5%。基质由钾长石、斜长石、石英组成,钾长石、石英呈微文象状共生,集合体似圆状、椭圆状球粒,杂乱分布;斜长石,微晶细小板条状,粒度​<0.2 mm,杂乱分布于似球粒粒内或粒间。基质具不均匀黏土化等,次生绢云母、碳酸盐等填隙于似球粒间(图2)。
含砾凝灰质岩屑长石砂岩,变余含砾中粗粒砂状结构,中层构造,由砾屑、陆源碎屑、凝灰物、填隙物组成。砾屑呈次棱角状,大小2~2.5 mm,含量5%;陆源碎屑由岩屑(25%)、长石(45%~50%)、石英(10%~15%)组成,次棱角—次圆状,大小以0.5~2 mm的粗粒为主,0.25~0.5 mm的中粒次之。岩屑成分主为流纹岩、硅质岩、安山岩、石英岩、花岗岩、千枚岩等;长石以斜长石为主,钾长石次之;石英轻波状消光。凝灰物由​<2 mm的晶屑、玻屑组成。晶屑成分为石英、斜长石,棱角-次棱角状,零星分布。填隙物由长英质及新生绢云母、黑云母组成。长英质,微粒状,粒间近等轴镶嵌,填隙在陆源碎屑间;新生绢云母、黑云母,微鳞片状,相对集合呈线纹状绕砂粒、凝灰物定向分布。
(2)二长花岗岩
斑状二长花岗岩呈灰绿色、灰白色,似斑状—基质中细粒花岗结构,弱片麻状构造,斑晶由钾长石和斜长石组成,粒度5~11 mm,长轴略定向排列。钾长石(20%)半自形板状,粒内见斜长石和黑云母等包体;斜长石(5%)半自形板状。基质由斜长石、钾长石、石英及黑云母组成,长石长轴略定向排列,粒度一般0.3~2 mm,部分2~4.8 mm。斜长石(35%)半自形板状,有时见双晶弯曲、扭折现象,局部见微粒状斜长石绕粗粒长石边缘分布;钾长石(15%)半自形板状-他形粒状;石英(20%)他形粒状相对集合呈纹层状、透镜状分布,局部为微粒状集合体绕粗粒边缘分布;黑云母叶片状,星散分布。副矿物发育锆石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、榍石、褐帘石和白钛石以及微量石榴石。未见包体发育。
细粒二长花岗岩呈灰黄色,花岗结构,块状构造,由钾长石、斜长石、石英和黑云母以及少量白云母组成,钾长石(45%~50%)半自形板状,杂乱分布,粒度一般2~5 mm,部分0.3~2 mm, 粒内常见斜长石、黑云母等包体,见与石英呈文象状共生;斜长石(25%~30%)半自形板状,杂乱分布,粒度一般0.2~1.5 mm, 部分2~3 mm,有时见双晶弯曲、扭折现象;石英(20%)他形粒状,杂乱分布,粒度一般0.2~1.6 mm,部分2~2.5 mm,见与钾长石呈文象状交生;黑云母(1%~5%)叶片状,零星分布,片径0.2~1 mm,有的见双晶弯曲、扭折,白云母细小鳞片状,零星状分布。副矿物有锆石、锐钛矿、磷灰石和白钛石。侵入接触产状外倾,倾角约40°~50°,侵入接触界线明显(图3)。
本研究团队在库地东4263高地到麦仑开展区域地质调查,4042高地曲滚河道旁中奥陶统内采集流纹岩4件岩石地球化学样品和1件重4.75 kg的同位素测年样品(地理坐标36°51′44″N, 77°18′54″E);拜格力克达坂西曲滚河道旁采集二长花岗岩3件岩石地球化学样品和1件重5.26 kg的同位素测年样品(地理坐标36°53′54″N, 77°19′15″E)。同位素测年样品用于岩浆锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年研究。
岩石地球化学分析测试由河北省区域地质调查院实验室完成,实验室样品加工工作采用无污染碎样。岩石样品经刚玉腭板颚式破碎机后再放入玛瑙球磨机中碎至样品–200目后装袋供分析使用。
主量元素成分分析使用AxiosmaxX射线荧光光谱仪为主的方法,烧蚀量、H2O+和H2O采用P1245电子分析天平的测试方法。将样品与四硼酸锂、偏硼酸锂、溴化锂混合溶剂熔成晶体片状采用AxiosmaxX射线荧光光谱仪分析,数据经过灼烧减量进行校准后获得岩石中各主要氧化物的百分含量;氧化亚铁采用滴定法测定。
稀土微量元素分析采用X Serise 2电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,采用高压溶样釜两次酸溶制成溶液后,分取溶液稀释后采用ICP-MS测定。
Sc、Cr元素的分析采用硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸溶解样品,蒸干后王水提取,加水定容于25 mL比色管中,分取溶液稀释后采用ICP-MS测定。
样品分析过程的质量控制依据中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130.3—2006《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》。
用于锆石U–Pb测年样品由河北省区域地质调查院实验室粉碎并挑选锆石。挑选出具有代表性的锆石,将锆石与标样一起放入环氧树脂制成的样品靶中,并对其进行抛光,在阴极发光上进行锆石显微照相,同位素测试点的选取首先根据锆石反射光和透射光照片进行初选,再与CL图像反复对比,力求避开内部裂隙和包裹体,以获得较准确的年龄信息。
LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb定年测试分析在天津地质研究所天津实验室完成,锆石定年分析所用仪器为AnalytikJena PQMS Elite型 ICP-MS及与之配套的ESI NWR 193 nm 准分子激光剥蚀系统。激光剥蚀所用斑束直径为35 μm,频率为10 Hz,能量密度约为 2.01 J/cm2, 以He为载气。LA-ICP-MS激光剥蚀采样采用单点剥蚀的方式,测试前先用锆石标样GJ-1进行调试仪器,使之达到最优状态。
流纹岩锆石从阴极发光(CL)图像(图4)可以看出锆石主要为自形-半自形双锥柱状及断柱状具有清晰的内部结构和典型岩浆成因的震荡环带,表明锆石是岩浆成因[11]。锆石LA-ICP-MS U–Pb年龄分析结果见表1
本次测试测定24颗锆石24个点,10、16、22点的206Pb/238U表面年龄介于505.0~495.7 Ma,测点位于残留锆石代表源区锆石年龄;其余21个点的206Pb/238U表面年龄介于479.0~461.0 Ma,且都位于谐和线或者附近(图5),表明这些锆石在形成后U–Pb同位素体系保持封闭状态。获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma(n=21,MSWD=5.8)(图5),代表了流纹岩结晶年龄,说明其形成时代为中奥陶世早期。
二长花岗岩锆石主要为半自形双锥柱状及断柱状,从阴极发光(CL)图像(图6)可以看出锆石具有清晰的内部结构和典型岩浆成因的震荡环带,表明锆石是岩浆成因[11]。锆石LA-ICP-MS U–Pb年龄分析结果见表2
本次测试测定19颗锆石19个点,19个点的206Pb/238U表面年龄介于463.5~453.6 Ma,且都位于谐和线或者附近(图7),表明这些锆石在形成后U–Pb同位素体系保持封闭状态。获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma(n=19,MSWD=1.08)(图4),代表了二长花岗岩结晶年龄,说明二长花岗岩形成时代为中奥陶世末期。
库地东一带流纹岩和二长花岗岩的主量元素和微量元素分析结果及相关参数见表3
流纹岩的SiO2含量为75.83%~76.24%,Al2O3含量为12.36%~12.92%,K2O含量为4.68%~5.35%,Na2O含量为3.09%~4.22%,CaO含量为0.28%~0.53%,w(K2O)>w(Na2O)>>w(CaO),w(K2O)/w(Na2O)值 为1.11~1.73;MgO含量为0.06~0.15%,Mg#值为6~17,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05,为弱过铝质岩石,里特曼指数σ为2.15~2.41,在SiO2-K2O图解中落入高钾钙碱性系列(图8)。
流纹岩稀土元素总量∑REE为161.95×10–6~238.53×10–6,含量中等;(La/Yb)N值为10.11~10.97,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.26~1.33,δEu为0.24~0.26,轻重稀土分馏强烈,重稀土几乎未分馏,具强负铕异常。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾,重稀土平坦,铕强亏损(图9a)。
流纹岩的微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(图9b)显示大离子亲石元素Rb、K富集,高场强元素Th、U、Zr和轻稀土富集,大离子亲石元素Sr强烈亏损,Ba中等亏损,高场强元素Ti、P强烈亏损,Nb相对亏损;地幔相容元素Sc、V、Co含量低。
二长花岗岩的SiO2含量为69.39%~74.81%;Al2O3含量为13.08%~15.12%,K2O含量为4.01%~5.41%,Na2O含量为3.62%~3.99%,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)值为1.07~1.49,MgO含量为0.08~1.14%,Mg#值为10~40,A/CNK为值1.01~1.20,属于弱过铝质-强过铝质岩石,里特曼指数σ为2.27~2.70,在SiO2-K2O图解中落入高钾钙碱性系列~钾玄岩系列区(图8)。
二长花岗岩稀土元素总量∑REE值为233.08×10–6~754.92×10–6,含量高;(La/Yb)N值为12.04~34.84,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.60~5.26,δEu值为0.54~0.7,轻重稀土强烈分馏,重稀土中等分馏-强烈分馏,具中等负铕异常。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈强右倾,重稀土略右倾-强烈右倾,铕中等亏损(图9a)。
二长花岗岩微量元素原始地幔标准化配分图(图9b)显示大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr强烈亏损,Rb、K富集,高场强元素Nb中等亏损,Ti、P强烈亏损,Th、U、轻稀土、Zr富集。
中奥陶统与构造混杂岩为构造接触,被二长花岗岩侵入,其岩石组合为流纹岩、英安岩、绢云长英质板岩、(含凝灰质)细粒(长石)岩屑砂岩、角岩化含砾(凝灰质)中粗粒岩屑长石砂岩、角岩化(含凝灰质)砂质砾岩、(含凝灰质)砾质岩屑长石砂岩等,岩石结构和成分成熟度低。2014年新疆库地东一带1:5万区域地质矿产调查[15]查明中下奥陶统玛列兹肯群岩石组合为不等粒长石石英砂岩、千枚状石榴绢云长英质板岩、变质细砂岩、石榴绢云钾长石英岩、绢云石榴石英岩、变质含砾不等粒砂岩、含白云母石英岩、变质不等粒长石砂岩、变质粉砂岩夹生屑灰岩,发育平行层理、板状交错层理和粒序层理等,其结构和成分成熟度较高,沉积环境较稳定,上述特征及构造演化显示中奥陶统形成晚于玛列兹肯群。
流纹岩获得锆石U–Pb年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma,时代为中奥陶世早期;二长花岗岩获得锆石U–Pb年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma;流纹岩同位素年龄结果与玛列兹肯群的野外地质关系及二长花岗岩的同位素年龄结果一致,因此流纹岩形成时代为中奥陶世早期,二长花岗岩形成时代为中奥陶世末期。
1)流纹岩
Smithies[16]研究Mg#值是区分幔源组分是否参与花岗质岩浆的良好指示剂。Rapp和Watsom[17]研究表明玄武质下地壳发生部分熔融产生的熔体Mg#值<45;地幔物质参与成岩时,熔体的Mg#值>45。
流纹岩的镁指数Mg#值为6~17,Nb/Ta值为9.8~10.5(均值为10.1),与平均地壳Nb/Ta值 (约11.1[18])相 当,小于亏损地幔Nb/Ta值(约15.5[18])和原始地幔Nb/Ta值(约17.5[18]);表明流纹岩源区主要为壳源,无地幔物质参与。
流纹岩的SiO2含量大于75%,钛、铁、镁、钙、磷的含量极低,指示岩石经历了高程度的分异演化,具有高硅流纹岩的特征,在高分异花岗岩类型判别图中落入分异的花岗岩区(图10a~c),属于高分异的钙碱性岩石(图10d)。流纹岩K2O/Na2O值为1.11~1.73,Rb/Sr值为2.33~5.63,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05,属于弱过铝质岩石,表明流纹岩属于高分异的I型岩浆岩。流纹岩在 Zr-TiO2图 解中落入I型花岗岩(图11a),在A-C-F图解中主要落入斜长石-黑云母-角闪石区属于I型花岗岩(图11b),综上所述表明流纹岩属于高分异钙碱性I型岩浆岩。
本次研究野外地质调查显示下-中奥陶玛列兹肯群为碎屑岩组合,流纹岩分布的中奥陶统为一套酸性火山岩和不成熟碎屑岩组合,区域未见中基性岩浆岩与流纹岩伴生发育,表明流纹岩并非基性岩浆分离结晶的产物。流纹岩属于高分异I型高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有高硅富碱的特征,为I型花岗岩高分异形成,其源区为中酸性火成岩[23]
Drake和Weill[24]研究岩浆演化中斜长石强烈富集Eu不对轻重稀土起分馏作用,流纹岩的(La/Yb)N值为10.11~10.97(均值为10.43)介于上地壳((La/Yb)N=9.19)和平均地壳 ((La/Yb)N= 12.34)之间,暗示地壳处于正常厚度,(Gd/Yb)N值为1.26~1.33,δEu值为0.24~0.26,重稀土不分馏,具强负铕异常,表明岩浆演化过程以斜长石分离结晶作用为主。
综合流纹岩的岩石学特征、结构特征、地球化学特征及稀土元素特征表明其源岩为中酸性火成岩,受斜长石分离结晶控制,地壳为正常厚度。
2)二长花岗岩
二长花岗岩的镁指数Mg#为10~40,Nb/Ta值为6.9~14.1(均值为9.6),与平均地壳Nb/Ta值(约11.1[18])相当,小于亏损地幔Nb/Ta值(约15.5[18])和原始地幔Nb/Ta值(约17.5[18]);表明二长花岗岩源区主要为壳源,无地幔物质参与。
邓晋福等[12]研究表明强过铝质花岗岩含有原生石榴石、白云母和堇青石等,铝指数A/CNK≥1.10;变质沉积岩是强过铝质花岗岩和S型花岗岩的主要源区。廖忠礼等[25]研究西藏S型质花岗岩的主要典型副矿物为白钛石、锐钛矿、板钛矿、石榴石、电气石等。
二长花岗岩发育黑云母和少量白云母,呈细小鳞片状,副矿物中有榍石、白钛石、锐钛矿和石榴石,A/CNK值为1.01~1.20,平均为1.10,与强过铝质S型花岗岩的岩石学特征、副矿物特征和地球化学特征一致,表明二长花岗岩属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,其过铝质特征由源岩引起而非结晶分异作用,源岩为变沉积岩。
不同源区的S型花岗岩具有不同Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba值[26],斑状二长花岗岩在Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图中落入杂砂岩部分熔融区(图12a);细粒二长花岗岩在Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图中落入富黏土泥质岩部分熔融区(图12a);二长花岗岩的Rb/Sr值为1.31~12.95,显示岩浆源区演化程度逐渐增高;在C/FM-A/FM图解中落入变质泥岩和变质杂砂岩区(图12b),上述特征表明二长花岗岩源区为主要为富黏土泥质岩。
Drake和Weill[24]研究岩浆演化中斜长石强烈富集Eu不对轻重稀土起分馏作用;熊小林等[28]和葛小月等[29]研究表明角闪石相对富集中稀土,源区残留角闪石仅具微弱HREE亏损;石榴石强烈富集重稀土和钇。源区残留石榴石引起轻重稀土分馏,熔体富集轻稀土,强烈亏损HREE。
二长花岗岩源岩为杂砂岩和泥质岩,其(La/Yb)N值为12.04~34.84(均值21.39)显著高于平均地壳((La/Yb)N值为12.34),(Gd/Yb)N值为1.60~5.26,轻重稀土强烈分馏,重稀土中等分馏-强烈分馏,δEu值为0.54~0.7,具中等负铕异常,表明岩浆受控于斜长石和石榴子石分离结晶。二长花岗岩含有继承锆石(图6),表明Zr饱和,根据Zr含量温度公式TZr=12 900/(2.95+0.85M+lnDZr)–273.15,其中DZr=496 000/Zrmelt计算温度为752~797 ℃,平均为776 ℃;在含水玄武岩部分熔融域温度-压力相图(图13)显示该温度区间斜长石和石榴石在约1.1~1.4 GPa共存,即地壳厚度约38~50 km,说明二长花岗岩岩浆形成于加厚地壳,受控于斜长石和石榴石分离结晶。
关于过铝质花岗岩岩浆的成因,被解释为由陆壳加厚[30]、岩浆底侵与内侵[31]、地幔上涌[32]等作用导致区域基底岩石熔融形成的。库地东一带无同期基性岩浆大面积出露,二长花岗岩形成于加厚地壳,未发育镁铁质细粒体,表明二长花岗岩由陆壳加厚作用形成。
综合二长花岗岩岩石学特征、地球化学特征和微量元素特征表明其源岩为变沉积岩,受石榴石和斜长石分离结晶控制,形成于加厚地壳。
李天福等[35]、白春东等[36]研究表明依莎克群和库地蛇绿岩其形成于晚寒武世-早奥陶世;本研究团队通过地质调查查明库地-其曼于特蛇绿岩在乌鲁乌斯塘上游克捷克库拉木拉克一带出露斜长角闪岩和硅质岩。
中奥陶统由酸性火山岩和碎屑岩组成;碎屑岩的成分和结构成熟度差,为快速剥蚀堆积的产物;岩屑成分为流纹岩、硅质岩、安山岩、石英岩、花岗岩、千枚岩等,说明沉积物源来自原特提斯洋壳、火山岩区和成熟地壳,暗示其形成于活动大陆边缘;流纹岩在Yb-Ta图解中落入火山弧区(图14);说明其具有弧火山岩的地球化学特征。袁超等[37]研究库地128 km岩体单颗锆石U–Pb年龄(471±5) Ma,其形成于活动大陆边缘,是原特提斯洋俯冲消减的产物,其年龄和时代以及构造背景与流纹岩一致,二者构成活动大陆边缘的岩浆岩组合,根据前人成果和本文研究表明流纹岩形成于活动大陆边缘环境。
闫臻等[38]提出造山带增生杂岩主要由海沟复理石、远洋-半远洋沉积和洋岛/海山等大洋板块地层岩石及蛇绿岩共同构成,可包含有高压变质岩、微陆块和蛇绿岩残片,是汇聚板块边缘俯冲带构造—沉积作用的综合产物。
唐宇等[39]研究西藏南部加查-曲松地区构造混杂岩中发育陆壳板内玄武岩、被动大陆边缘沉积岩,认为是印度被动大陆边缘向欧亚大陆之下俯冲和印度-欧亚大陆的早期碰撞作用形成的一套碰撞型混杂岩。
西合休−库地−克捷克库拉木拉克一带构造混杂岩基质为长石二云石英片岩、(白)黑云绿泥长石片岩、黑云长石片岩、绿泥二云长石片岩等,构造变形强烈,属于绿片岩相动力变质作用,原岩具有海相复理石建造特征;岩块或岩片为依莎克群枕状玄武岩片、库地-克捷克库拉木拉克SSZ型蛇绿岩残片、辉长岩、岛弧拉斑玄武岩、岛弧钙碱性玄武岩等;库地北中寒武世依莎克群玄武岩与库地蛇绿岩代表原特提斯洋初始俯冲的产物[36]。上述特征显示西合休-库地-克捷克库拉木拉克一带构造混杂岩具有增生杂岩特征,属于俯冲带构造-沉积作用的构造混杂岩。
新疆库地东一带1:5万区域地质矿产调查[15]查明早古生代构造混杂岩中发育中下奥陶统玛列兹肯群、中奥陶统、中元古代石英闪长岩、新元古代片麻状二长花岗岩、长城系赛图拉岩群的岩片。其中长城系赛图拉岩群、新元古代片麻状二长花岗岩来源于中昆仑地块;中下奥陶统玛列兹肯群和中奥陶统火山岩来源于北昆仑古生代复合沟弧带,上述地质特征表明西合休−库地−克捷克库拉木拉克一带构造混杂岩形成后受洋壳闭合后陆陆碰撞作用,致使中昆仑地块和北昆仑古生代复合沟弧带的地质单元进入构造混杂岩,从而说明西合休-库地-克捷克库拉木拉克一带构造混杂岩受洋壳俯冲和陆陆碰撞持续作用而形成,即具有增生杂岩和碰撞型构造混杂岩的双重性质。
二长花岗岩侵入构造混杂岩,截切构造面理;即二长花岗岩形成于构造混杂岩最终就位后,说明二长花岗岩形成于洋壳闭合后。
二长花岗岩在Q-Ab-Or-H2O相图中显示成分沿P H2O =0.4 GPa向共结点演化,推测岩体侵位深度约为12 km(图15a);二长花岗岩和中奥陶统岩片被上石炭统库尔良群角度不整合覆盖,二长花岗岩与上石炭统库尔良群之间发育厚5~10 m的砾石,砾石成分为花岗岩;叶城县1:25万区域地质调查[41]和麻札幅神仙湾幅1:25万区域地质调查[10]以及新疆库地东一带1:5万区域地质矿产调查[15]表明中昆仑地体仅发育早中奥陶世地层,未见晚奥陶世-志留世地层,从而证明二长花岗岩侵位后持续隆升剥蚀。
S型花岗岩由变质沉积岩部分熔融形成,可以形成在多种构造环境下,如同碰撞构造背景下,增厚地壳的熔融;后碰撞伸展构造背景下,岩石圈地幔拆沉或者板片拆离作用;弧后伸展环境;洋脊俯冲构造背景下,地幔岩浆加热导致弧前增生楔物质部分熔融[42-46]
一般认为强过铝花岗岩的源岩是富黏土贫长石(<5%),形成于成熟的大陆地台环境;源岩是富长石的岩石,形成于未成熟的板块边缘的海槽或海沟俯冲带环境[26]。二长花岗岩源岩主要为富黏土泥质岩,说明其源于成熟大陆地台环境。本文研究显示中奥陶世流纹岩形成于活动大陆边缘环境,说明中奥陶世时期中昆仑地体处于大陆弧环境;弧后伸展环境多见基性岩浆活动[47],二长花岗岩不未见同期基性岩浆活动;因此排除洋脊俯冲和弧后伸展背景。二长花岗岩在Rb/30-Hf-3×Ta图解主要落入后碰撞花岗岩区(图15b),说明二长花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境。
陆陆碰撞被看作主洋盆消失后较短的一次事件,碰撞后的继续汇聚以及造山后的伸展之前,统称为后碰撞环境[48]。现在研究发现,大多数强过铝质S型花岗岩属于后碰撞环境,是在地壳加厚达到最高值后才定位的,而且很可能它们的出现标志着后碰撞事件的开始[49]
强过铝质S型花岗岩分为喜马拉雅和阿尔卑斯代表的高压碰撞型,海西带和拉克伦带高代表的高温碰撞型[12]。高压型SP花岗岩的形成在高压碰撞过程中,地壳加厚超过50 km,由于放射性元素的衰变积累的原位放射性成因热,在后碰撞阶段,只有少量冷的(≤875 ℃)SP花岗岩沿着深根的逆冲断层减压熔融而形成。高温型SP花岗岩是在高温碰撞中由于地壳增厚作用不明显(≤50 km),形成不了高压环境,原地放射性成因热不足以使地壳物质熔融,在后碰撞阶段岩石圈却可发生拆沉作用与热软流圈的上涌;软流圈上升到较浅的深度,并产生携带有大量热能的基性岩浆;基性岩浆底侵,形成了大规模的、热的(≥875 ℃)SP花岗质岩浆。
二长花岗岩平均温度为770 ℃<875 ℃,其属于高压SP花岗岩。此外二长花岗岩斑晶发育定向构造,矿物发生双晶弯曲、扭折,表明二长花岗岩处于挤压背景,它代表了陆陆碰撞的结束和后碰撞事件的开始。
综上所述表明二长花岗岩代表造山带后碰撞的开始,近似代表原特提斯洋闭合的时限,因此表明库地一带原特提斯洋闭合于中奥陶世晚期,同时表明库地一带原特提斯洋碰撞闭合的后碰撞始于中奥陶世晚期。
西昆仑库地一带在早古生代加里东构造期经历原特提斯洋俯冲消减以及闭合过程,在塔里木西南缘形成北西向-近东西向弧形的柯岗−库地−其曼于特缝合带,沿缝合带断续出露柯岗蛇绿岩、库地蛇绿岩、克捷克库拉木拉克蛇绿岩、其曼于特蛇绿岩以及中奥陶世构造混杂岩。
白春东等[36]研究显示库地蛇绿岩年龄为(519.5±1.2)~(494.3±0.9) Ma,依莎克群玄武岩是中寒武世原特提斯洋俯冲消减作用的产物。黄建国等[8]研究库地−柯岗断裂附近库斯拉甫一带花岗岩((512±4) Ma)形成时代为晚寒武世,代表原特提斯洋俯冲消减达到最大程度;笔者研究表明中奥陶世流纹岩锆石U−Pb年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma形成于原特提斯洋俯冲的活动大陆边缘环境;二长花岗岩侵入构造混杂岩锆石U−Pb年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma,代表了后碰撞的开始。Xiao等[50]通过对库地-其曼于特缝合带新生变质矿物角闪石单矿物的40Ar/39Ar年龄分析,确定剪切变质年龄为451 Ma,认为是南北昆仑地体沿着库地缝合带挤压形成的;刘元等[51]研究库地西北部西合休一带中酸性岩体为S型花岗岩((467.4±3.3)、(462.3±2.6) Ma);王超等[52]研究库地缝合带附近布隆花岗岩锆石U−Pb年龄为(441±2) Ma,是中新元古代地壳部分熔融形成;张其超等[53]研究西昆仑造山带东段阿拉玛斯岩体((445.6±2.5) Ma)是原特提斯洋后碰撞阶段下地壳部分熔融的产物;郭瑞清等[54]研究塔里木南缘铁克里克东段晚奥陶世埃达克质岩锆石U−Pb年龄为(444.2±3.5) Ma,为增厚的下地壳熔融成因的C型埃达克岩;陶再礼等[55]研究阿喀孜二长岩锆石U−Pb年龄为(456±2) Ma,形成于高温伸展背景下基性下地壳的部分熔融。高晓峰等[8]、于晓飞等[56]研究西昆仑中西段大同岩体,形成年龄为(446.4±2.2) Ma,指示了西昆仑造山带在晚奥陶世经历了由俯冲向碰撞后伸展的构造体制转换。
Zha等[57]研究西昆仑造山带南部的康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩中辉长岩-辉绿岩-玄武岩年龄为446~455Ma,具N-MORB特征。麻札幅神仙湾幅1:25万区域地质调查[10]中奥陶统冬瓜山群和下志留统温泉沟群属于甜水海地块,分布于麻札-康西瓦断裂南侧,冬瓜山群沉积环境为暴露的滨海环境,时代为中奥陶世达威尔期。温泉沟群为深水浊积沉积[58]。刘成军[59]认为甜水海地区中奥陶统冬瓜山群(O2D)为被动大陆边缘盆地、下志留统温泉沟群(S1W)为汇聚板块边缘残余海盆。柳坤峰等[60]从沉积学角度证明康西瓦-苏巴什构造带在早古生代已经存在,原特提斯洋至少从中奥陶世开始向北俯冲。王泓然等[61]研究塔什库尔干晚奥陶世辉石闪长岩((457.6±2.6) Ma)属于岛弧玄武岩,代表原特提斯洋俯冲活动。陶再礼等[55]研究赛图拉石英闪长岩锆石U–Pb年龄为(452±2) Ma,形成于俯冲消减的岩浆弧构造环境。许志琴等[62]在康西瓦缝合带中发现孔兹岩形成于约440 Ma,是加里东期形成的位于山根部位的高级深变质岩石。杨绍等[63]研究西昆仑其曼于特蛇绿岩南侧库尔良一带早志留世花岗闪长岩((429.6±1.4) Ma)为埃达克岩,原特提斯洋在早中志留世之前已经闭合。
前人研究成果显示早古生代西昆仑存在库地蛇绿岩和康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩,可能代表西昆仑地区早古生代具有多岛洋的特征,原特提斯洋至少形成两条缝合带,自北向南依次俯冲。前人成果和本文研究表明库地一带原特提斯洋中寒武世开始俯冲,持续至中奥陶世早期,中奥陶世末期碰撞闭合发生变质变形作用并进入后碰撞初始阶段,晚奥陶世为后碰撞阶段。康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩于中奥陶世末期-晚奥陶世开始俯冲,晚奥陶世-早中志留世发生碰撞造山以及变质变形作用。
1)新疆库地东麦仑中奥陶统火山地层的流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(473.4±4.8) Ma, 时代为中奥陶世早期,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。
2)二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U–Pb年龄为(459.3±1.1) Ma,时代为中奥陶世晚期,属于S型强过铝质花岗岩,岩浆源区为变沉积岩,代表后碰撞阶段的开始,库地东一带原特提斯洋闭合时代为中奥陶世晚期。
3)西昆仑地区原特提斯洋具有多岛洋特征,发育库地蛇绿岩和康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿岩,自北向南依次俯冲。

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doi: 10.3724/j.1000-4734.2025.45.006
  • 接收时间:2024-07-29
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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