Article(id=1281688098987815883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158, pmid=null, cstr=32142.14.cjss.2025-0158, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757347200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-09, revisedDate=1769011200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783507855411, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783507855411, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783507855411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783507855411, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281687939268719086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, year='2026', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='265', pageEnd='566', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783507817332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783508069046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281688995138605320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281688995138605321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=540, endPage=547, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281688100720063437, articleId=1281688098987815883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, language=EN, title=Observation Mission and Scientific Calibration of the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) on Chang’E-7, columnId=1281688020214584081, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Space Science, columnName=Calibration for the Payload of Chang’E-7 Mission, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Moon provides a unique and advantageous platform for astronomical observations, particularly in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength ranges, owing to its extremely tenuous exosphere, the absence of atmospheric turbulence, and a stable surface environment. These characteristics enable long-duration, continuous observations free from atmospheric interference. As one of the international payloads aboard the Chang’E-7 mission, the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) project aims to exploit these advantages to observe the Milky Way and the broader universe from a distinctive lunar perspective. In addition to its scientific objectives, the project offers unique value for astronomy education and serves as a technology demonstration for future lunar-based astronomical observatories. The ILO-C camera will be mounted on the +y panel of the Chang’E-7 lander and will experience multiple mission phases, including cruise, lunar orbit, and surface operations. This paper systematically investigates the scientific calibration workflow for the ILO-C across these mission phases, with particular emphasis on fundamental calibration, color calibration, and flux calibration, and further presents observational and calibration pathways for cross-validation. The quality of the project’s scientific output will largely depend on the optimized implementation of these calibration schemes. Ideally, in-flight activation and observations are expected to be achieved, allowing coverage of a broader sky area and enabling cross-comparison with observations from other space-based and ground-based astronomical facilities.

, authors=Suijian XUE1, Dan ZHAO2, SINGH Gaurav1, 3, PARKER Quentin4, Xiao JIN2, 5, Feiyang WANG2, Xiao CHEN2, Meng SU4, Lu FENG1, DURST Steve3, authorsList=Suijian XUE, Dan ZHAO, SINGH Gaurav, PARKER Quentin, Xiao JIN, Feiyang WANG, Xiao CHEN, Meng SU, Lu FENG, DURST Steve, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281688103073068006, articleId=1281688098987815883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, language=CN, title=嫦娥七号国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)的观测任务与科学定标, columnId=1281688020684346131, journalTitle=空间科学学报, columnName=嫦娥七号任务有效载荷定标方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

月球具有稀薄的外逸层、无大气湍流干扰以及稳定的表面环境, 为天文学观测, 尤其是在可见光和紫外波段, 提供了独特而优越的平台条件. 这些特性使得长时间、连续且不受地球大气影响的观测成为可能. 作为嫦娥七号任务的国际合作载荷之一, 国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)项目旨在充分利用月球观测环境的优势, 从独特的月基视角深化对银河系及更广阔宇宙空间的观测与认知, 同时在天文科学素质教育方面发挥示范作用, 并为未来月基天文观测台相关技术提供在轨验证. ILO-C 相机将安装于嫦娥七号着陆器的+y舱板上, 随任务经历飞行、绕月和着陆等不同阶段. 针对上述任务阶段, 本文系统探讨了相机在轨科学定标方案的设计与实施, 重点包括基础定标、色度定标和流量定标等关键环节, 并给出可用于交叉检验的观测与标定路径. 项目最终科学产出的质量, 在很大程度上依赖于对科学定标策略的合理规划与有效执行. 理想情况下, 期望实现任务飞行阶段的在轨开机观测, 以覆盖更大范围的观测天区, 并与其他空间及地面天文观测项目开展交叉比对与验证.

, authors=薛随建1, 赵丹2, Gaurav SINGH1, 3, Quentin PARKER4, 金霄2, 5, 王飞洋2, 陈晓2, 苏萌4, 冯麓1, Steve DURST3, authorsList=薛随建, 赵丹, Gaurav SINGH, Quentin PARKER, 金霄, 王飞洋, 陈晓, 苏萌, 冯麓, Steve DURST, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=©The Author(s) 2026. This is an open access article under the CC-BY 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Xl5JnVMcznssuWvWlAjVaA==, magXml=XshKg6p7nXKiF7Z7/f9QGQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GOis3ar9dmrCPalouK1NpA==, pdfFileSize=2825497, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ntdUzrFx8RHN4YZ1iB4ZQA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Baq3LNcMOVSnTgh+Ee2dlA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1281688105488987127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xue@nao.cas.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688105916806137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688105488987127, language=EN, stringName=Suijian XUE, firstName=Suijian, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106021663738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688105488987127, language=CN, stringName=薛随建, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012, bio={"img":"JDtZ9VSOGHvWBk9M/EdcwQ==","content":"

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

"}, bioImg=JDtZ9VSOGHvWBk9M/EdcwQ==, bioContent=

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)])]), Author(id=1281688106097161212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106336236542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106097161212, language=EN, stringName=Dan ZHAO, firstName=Dan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106680169471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106097161212, language=CN, stringName=赵丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688106759860224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106847940611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106759860224, language=EN, stringName=SINGH Gaurav, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=SINGH Gaurav, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012
3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106915049476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106759860224, language=CN, stringName=Gaurav SINGH, firstName=Gaurav, middleName=null, lastName=SINGH, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012
3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688103458943981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103463138286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103475721199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743)])]), Author(id=1281688106982158342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107145736200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106982158342, language=EN, stringName=PARKER Quentin, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=PARKER Quentin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107221233673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106982158342, language=CN, stringName=Quentin PARKER, firstName=Quentin, middleName=null, lastName=PARKER, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688105090528240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105124082673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105136665586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1281688107300925451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107380617230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107300925451, language=EN, stringName=Xiao JIN, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 5, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088
5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107447726095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107300925451, language=CN, stringName=金霄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 5, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088
5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688105400906739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105409295348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105417683957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195)])]), Author(id=1281688107510640657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107602915347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107510640657, language=EN, stringName=Feiyang WANG, firstName=Feiyang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107686801428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107510640657, language=CN, stringName=王飞洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688107779076118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107862962200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107779076118, language=EN, stringName=Xiao CHEN, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107917488153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107779076118, language=CN, stringName=陈晓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688109565849627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109658124317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109565849627, language=EN, stringName=Meng SU, firstName=Meng, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109750399006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109565849627, language=CN, stringName=苏萌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688105090528240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105124082673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105136665586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1281688109834285088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109922365474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109834285088, language=EN, stringName=Lu FENG, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110014640163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109834285088, language=CN, stringName=冯麓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)])]), Author(id=1281688110106914853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110207578151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688110106914853, language=EN, stringName=DURST Steve, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=DURST Steve, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110295658536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688110106914853, language=CN, stringName=Steve DURST, firstName=Steve, middleName=null, lastName=DURST, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103458943981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103463138286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103475721199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1281688110396321833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Chang’E-7), Keyword(id=1281688110467625002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=International payload), Keyword(id=1281688110538928171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Lunar observatory observation), Keyword(id=1281688110618619948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Scientific calibration), Keyword(id=1281688110685728813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Deep space exploration), Keyword(id=1281688110782197806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=嫦娥七号), Keyword(id=1281688110866083887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=国际载荷), Keyword(id=1281688110928998448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=月球天文台观测), Keyword(id=1281688110991913009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=科学定标), Keyword(id=1281688111084187698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=深空探测)], refs=[Reference(id=1281688112229232701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEPLER J. Somnium, Seu Opus Posthumum de Astronomia Lunari[M]. Frankfurt: Sagani Silesiorum, 1634, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281688112308924478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG X M, HAN X H, WEI J Y, et al. NUV star catalog from the lunar-based ultraviolet telescope survey: first release[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2016, 16(11): 168, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281688112359256127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI G C, HU M K, LI W X, et al. A shock flash breaking out of a dusty red supergiant[J]. Nature, 2024, 627(8005): 754-758, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688103458943981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103463138286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103475721199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688105090528240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105124082673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105136665586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688105400906739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105409295348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105417683957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1281688111193239603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Location of ILO-C installation on the outer surface of the lander, figureFileSmall=wMypEdrGEkZUZSyUprsC0Q==, figureFileBig=ntdUzrFx8RHN4YZ1iB4ZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111272931380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ILO-C在着陆器外舱面的安装位置, figureFileSmall=wMypEdrGEkZUZSyUprsC0Q==, figureFileBig=ntdUzrFx8RHN4YZ1iB4ZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111478452277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=ILO-C flight qualification model delivered in June 2025, figureFileSmall=aaz4ad9Azq3PcnqOpgYO4w==, figureFileBig=WUoiN3igEhZQ1ig2esvJxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111566532662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2025年6月交付的ILO-C相机飞行正样, figureFileSmall=aaz4ad9Azq3PcnqOpgYO4w==, figureFileBig=WUoiN3igEhZQ1ig2esvJxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111629447223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Imaging principle of ILO-C, figureFileSmall=Ps45QXY1CFNpzn7XVpQuzA==, figureFileBig=MXD/+PTlzOPATYGkl3JsfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111746887736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ILO-C成像原理, figureFileSmall=Ps45QXY1CFNpzn7XVpQuzA==, figureFileBig=MXD/+PTlzOPATYGkl3JsfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111830773817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Partial simulated observations after ILO-C landing from 1 November 2026 to 31 December 2026, figureFileSmall=DhrgHRKZkf9iW+kgYf5q3A==, figureFileBig=iQQ5jSUX/zP6yNDrojDE9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688111935631418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2026年11月1日至12月31日ILO-C着陆后的局部模拟观测结果, figureFileSmall=DhrgHRKZkf9iW+kgYf5q3A==, figureFileBig=iQQ5jSUX/zP6yNDrojDE9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281688112053071931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

ILO-C key technical indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号指标名称指标要求说明
1光谱范围可见光彩色能够对天体的自然本色进行详细成像
2视场 (FOV)宽视场 ≥ 19°×14°在保持高分辨率的同时允许广阔的天空覆盖
3有效像素数≥ 4096×3000 pixel确保适合科学分析的高分辨率图像
4空间分辨率≤ 20″扩展源和点源提供精细细节
5灵敏度能够探测星等 ≥ 10 mv的天体使其适用于微弱的天文目标
6信噪比 (SNR)信号曝光下 ≥ 3确保可靠的数据质量
7数位深度≥ 10 bit实现高动态范围成像
), ArticleFig(id=1281688112124375100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ILO-C关键技术指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号指标名称指标要求说明
1光谱范围可见光彩色能够对天体的自然本色进行详细成像
2视场 (FOV)宽视场 ≥ 19°×14°在保持高分辨率的同时允许广阔的天空覆盖
3有效像素数≥ 4096×3000 pixel确保适合科学分析的高分辨率图像
4空间分辨率≤ 20″扩展源和点源提供精细细节
5灵敏度能够探测星等 ≥ 10 mv的天体使其适用于微弱的天文目标
6信噪比 (SNR)信号曝光下 ≥ 3确保可靠的数据质量
7数位深度≥ 10 bit实现高动态范围成像
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1281212081085091847, delFlag=0, nameCn=空间科学学报, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Space Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0254-6124, eissn=2097-7689, cn=11-1783/V, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Pnq8dytkeLQIkcXQfzmn+A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of Space Science, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1783394363903, updatedTime=1784022354648, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Pnq8dytkeLQIkcXQfzmn+A==, picEn=754n2iG7sG2HudqFtpEmWw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283846066135089233, language=CN, name=空间科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022354873, updatedTime=1784022354873, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283846066181226578, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of Space Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022354884, updatedTime=1784022354884, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.manuscripts.com.cn/kjkxxb, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1281212996840067084, websiteList=[Website(id=1281216327163548646, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212996840067084, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1783395376253, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395632654, updateBy=18614031015, name=空间科学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=空间科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281217522330480676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395661194, updateTime=1783395661194, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522305314850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395661188, updateTime=1783395661188, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522355646503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395661200, updateTime=1783395661200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522292731936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=jexnR5E4rO/6d/rIoXBAdw==, createTime=1783395661185, updateTime=1783395661185, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522368229417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395661203, updateTime=1783395661203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522322092067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1783395661192, updateTime=1783395661192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522359840808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395661201, updateTime=1783395661201, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522313703458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1783395661190, updateTime=1783395661190, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522338869285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395661196, updateTime=1783395661196, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217522347257894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327163548646, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395661198, updateTime=1783395661198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1281216327884968940, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212996840067084, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1783395376416, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395628316, updateBy=18614031015, name=空间科学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of Space Science, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281217486913777686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395652750, updateTime=1783395652750, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486892806163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395652745, updateTime=1783395652745, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486934749209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395652755, updateTime=1783395652755, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486880223250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=jexnR5E4rO/6d/rIoXBAdw==, createTime=1783395652742, updateTime=1783395652742, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486947332123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395652758, updateTime=1783395652758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486905389077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1783395652748, updateTime=1783395652748, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486943137818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395652757, updateTime=1783395652757, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486897000468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1783395652746, updateTime=1783395652746, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486922166295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395652752, updateTime=1783395652752, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281217486926360600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327884968940, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395652753, updateTime=1783395652753, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=空间科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.cjss.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of Space Science, journalPhotoCn=Pnq8dytkeLQIkcXQfzmn+A==, journalPhotoEn=754n2iG7sG2HudqFtpEmWw==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN/10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/EN/10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN/PDF/10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/EN/PDF/10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1773504000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
嫦娥七号国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)的观测任务与科学定标
收藏切换
PDF下载
薛随建 1 , 赵丹 2 , Gaurav SINGH 1, 3 , Quentin PARKER 4 , 金霄 2, 5 , 王飞洋 2 , 陈晓 2 , 苏萌 4 , 冯麓 1 , Steve DURST 3
空间科学学报 | 嫦娥七号任务有效载荷定标方法 2026,46(2): 540-547
收起
收藏切换
空间科学学报 |嫦娥七号任务有效载荷定标方法 2026 , 46 (2) : 540 -547
嫦娥七号国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)的观测任务与科学定标
全屏
[Author(id=1281688105488987127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xue@nao.cas.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688105916806137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688105488987127, language=EN, stringName=Suijian XUE, firstName=Suijian, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106021663738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688105488987127, language=CN, stringName=薛随建, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012, bio={"img":"JDtZ9VSOGHvWBk9M/EdcwQ==","content":"

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

"}, bioImg=JDtZ9VSOGHvWBk9M/EdcwQ==, bioContent=

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)])]), Author(id=1281688106097161212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106336236542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106097161212, language=EN, stringName=Dan ZHAO, firstName=Dan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106680169471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106097161212, language=CN, stringName=赵丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688106759860224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106847940611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106759860224, language=EN, stringName=SINGH Gaurav, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=SINGH Gaurav, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012
3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688106915049476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106759860224, language=CN, stringName=Gaurav SINGH, firstName=Gaurav, middleName=null, lastName=SINGH, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012
3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688103458943981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103463138286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103475721199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743)])]), Author(id=1281688106982158342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107145736200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106982158342, language=EN, stringName=PARKER Quentin, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=PARKER Quentin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107221233673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688106982158342, language=CN, stringName=Quentin PARKER, firstName=Quentin, middleName=null, lastName=PARKER, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688105090528240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105124082673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105136665586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1281688107300925451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107380617230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107300925451, language=EN, stringName=Xiao JIN, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 5, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088
5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107447726095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107300925451, language=CN, stringName=金霄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 5, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088
5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281688105400906739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105409295348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105417683957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105400906739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195)])]), Author(id=1281688107510640657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107602915347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107510640657, language=EN, stringName=Feiyang WANG, firstName=Feiyang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107686801428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107510640657, language=CN, stringName=王飞洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688107779076118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107862962200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107779076118, language=EN, stringName=Xiao CHEN, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688107917488153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688107779076118, language=CN, stringName=陈晓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103375057898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103383446507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103391835116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103375057898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088)])]), Author(id=1281688109565849627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109658124317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109565849627, language=EN, stringName=Meng SU, firstName=Meng, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109750399006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109565849627, language=CN, stringName=苏萌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688105090528240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105124082673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688105136665586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688105090528240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1281688109834285088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688109922365474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109834285088, language=EN, stringName=Lu FENG, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110014640163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688109834285088, language=CN, stringName=冯麓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103295366119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103303754728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103312143337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103295366119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)])]), Author(id=1281688110106914853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110207578151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688110106914853, language=EN, stringName=DURST Steve, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=DURST Steve, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281688110295658536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, authorId=1281688110106914853, language=CN, stringName=Steve DURST, firstName=Steve, middleName=null, lastName=DURST, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281688103458943981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103463138286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281688103475721199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, articleId=1281688098987815883, companyId=1281688103458943981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743)])])]
薛随建1 , 赵丹2, Gaurav SINGH1, 3, Quentin PARKER4, 金霄2, 5, 王飞洋2, 陈晓2, 苏萌4, 冯麓1, Steve DURST3
作者信息
  • 1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012
  • 2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088
  • 3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743
  • 4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077
  • 5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195
作者简介:

薛随建 男, 1964年9月出生, 现为中国科学院国家天文台研究员, 主要从事活动星系、星系团多波段观测及天文设备发展国际合作研究. E-mail:

Observation Mission and Scientific Calibration of the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) on Chang’E-7
Suijian XUE1 , Dan ZHAO2, SINGH Gaurav1, 3, PARKER Quentin4, Xiao JIN2, 5, Feiyang WANG2, Xiao CHEN2, Meng SU4, Lu FENG1, DURST Steve3
Affiliations
  • 1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012
  • 2Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Tiandu Laboratory, Hefei 230088
  • 3International Lunar Observatory Association, Kamuela, HI 96743
  • 4Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077
  • 5Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100195
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158
文章导航
收藏切换

月球具有稀薄的外逸层、无大气湍流干扰以及稳定的表面环境, 为天文学观测, 尤其是在可见光和紫外波段, 提供了独特而优越的平台条件. 这些特性使得长时间、连续且不受地球大气影响的观测成为可能. 作为嫦娥七号任务的国际合作载荷之一, 国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)项目旨在充分利用月球观测环境的优势, 从独特的月基视角深化对银河系及更广阔宇宙空间的观测与认知, 同时在天文科学素质教育方面发挥示范作用, 并为未来月基天文观测台相关技术提供在轨验证. ILO-C 相机将安装于嫦娥七号着陆器的+y舱板上, 随任务经历飞行、绕月和着陆等不同阶段. 针对上述任务阶段, 本文系统探讨了相机在轨科学定标方案的设计与实施, 重点包括基础定标、色度定标和流量定标等关键环节, 并给出可用于交叉检验的观测与标定路径. 项目最终科学产出的质量, 在很大程度上依赖于对科学定标策略的合理规划与有效执行. 理想情况下, 期望实现任务飞行阶段的在轨开机观测, 以覆盖更大范围的观测天区, 并与其他空间及地面天文观测项目开展交叉比对与验证.

嫦娥七号  /  国际载荷  /  月球天文台观测  /  科学定标  /  深空探测

The Moon provides a unique and advantageous platform for astronomical observations, particularly in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength ranges, owing to its extremely tenuous exosphere, the absence of atmospheric turbulence, and a stable surface environment. These characteristics enable long-duration, continuous observations free from atmospheric interference. As one of the international payloads aboard the Chang’E-7 mission, the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) project aims to exploit these advantages to observe the Milky Way and the broader universe from a distinctive lunar perspective. In addition to its scientific objectives, the project offers unique value for astronomy education and serves as a technology demonstration for future lunar-based astronomical observatories. The ILO-C camera will be mounted on the +y panel of the Chang’E-7 lander and will experience multiple mission phases, including cruise, lunar orbit, and surface operations. This paper systematically investigates the scientific calibration workflow for the ILO-C across these mission phases, with particular emphasis on fundamental calibration, color calibration, and flux calibration, and further presents observational and calibration pathways for cross-validation. The quality of the project’s scientific output will largely depend on the optimized implementation of these calibration schemes. Ideally, in-flight activation and observations are expected to be achieved, allowing coverage of a broader sky area and enabling cross-comparison with observations from other space-based and ground-based astronomical facilities.

Chang’E-7  /  International payload  /  Lunar observatory observation  /  Scientific calibration  /  Deep space exploration
薛随建, 赵丹, Gaurav SINGH, Quentin PARKER, 金霄, 王飞洋, 陈晓, 苏萌, 冯麓, Steve DURST. 嫦娥七号国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)的观测任务与科学定标. 空间科学学报, 2026 , 46 (2) : 540 -547 . DOI: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158
Suijian XUE, Dan ZHAO, SINGH Gaurav, PARKER Quentin, Xiao JIN, Feiyang WANG, Xiao CHEN, Meng SU, Lu FENG, DURST Steve. Observation Mission and Scientific Calibration of the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) on Chang’E-7[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026 , 46 (2) : 540 -547 . DOI: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158
月球没有致密大气, 大气湍流效应可以忽略, 同时具备相对稳定的表面环境, 为天文学观测(尤其是可见光与紫外波段)提供了独特而有利的平台条件. 作为中国嫦娥系列[1]任务的一项标志性成果, 嫦娥三号着陆器上搭载的月基紫外望远镜(LUT)[2]于2013年在月面成功获得首次观测图像, 其长期运行获取的月基紫外数据与标定经验, 为后续月基天文观测任务的运行与定标方案提供了参考.
在此基础上, 2023年初, 国际月球天文台协会(ILOA)联合中国科学院国家天文台学者共同提出了一项天文观测载荷方案, 并参与嫦娥七号月球着陆器国际载荷竞争遴选. 2024年10月, 中国国家航天局公布7项入选的国际有效载荷项目, 其中由ILOA牵头的国际月球天文台相机(ILO-C)成功获批并进入正式立项实施阶段.
ILO-C项目是拟搭载在嫦娥七号着陆器上的高性能相机, 旨在推动月基天文学的发展. 该项目延续了国际月球天文台与中国科学院国家天文台在嫦娥三号月球紫外望远镜(LUT)任务的合作, 也体现了面向可持续月球探索与天体物理发展的共同国际愿景. ILO-C相机由香港大学太空实验室(HK-LSR)代表ILO-C国际协作联盟(INHH)提出需求, 委托北京空间机电研究所承担研制工作, 并由深空探测实验室总体技术研究院作为中方技术责任单位. 该项目力求突破月基观测的关键技术难点, 获取具有重要科研价值的数据. ILO-C相机集成在着陆器舱面版+y侧, 将经历在轨飞行、环月飞行和着陆观测三个阶段. 图1为ILO-C在着陆器外舱面的安装示意. 通过着陆月球南极后的观测运行, 旨在以下几方面实现突破.
ILO-C相机具有小通光口径 (20 mm)和宽视场(266°2), 相对高分辨率(约17.8″)的特点. 图2为2025年6月交付的ILO-C相机飞行正样. 相机将集成在嫦娥七号着陆器的+y舱板上, 在成功着陆后择机开始工作. 该相机光轴固定指向55°天顶角, 借助月球的缓慢自转, 可实现对较大天区范围的覆盖. 在允许的工作时长内, 保守估计可扫描银道面约1200°2的区域, 探测包括10~14 mv视星等在内的多种具有科学价值的天体, 例如恒星、星团、星系和暂现源等目标. 此外, ILO-C还具备监测彗星及其他太阳系天体的潜力, 为行星科学研究提供重要数据. 观测数据将准实时传输至地面科学运行中心, 供任务联盟成员分析使用, 相关研究成果最终将与全球天文学界分享.
ILO-C任务的核心目标之一是验证月基成像系统的性能. 相机将经过严格测试, 以评估其在月球极端温度变化和尘埃环境下的工作表现. 本次任务积累的经验将为未来月球观测台(例如国际ILO-1和ILO-2项目计划)的设计提供重要参考.
ILO-C任务也同时担负着科普的使命和价值. 相机将传回人类首次从月球南极获得的宽视场银河系图像. 得益于月面观测时更低且更稳定的天空背景与连续观测条件, 该数据将更便于开展稳定测光与结构信息展示, 并具备显著的科普传播价值.
项目计划将观测数据和科普图像包向全球教育机构开放, 并开发配套的课程资源、在线互动体验和博物馆展览, 让学生能够直接接触真实的月球科学数据、参与“公民科学家”项目. 这将极大地激发新一代对科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的兴趣, 培养未来的探索者, 也将让全球公众共同见证并参与月球探索的新纪元, 进一步强化月球属于全人类的理念. 具体来说, 实现人类首次在月球南极观测并拍摄壮观的银河系, 对于天文教育具有里程碑式的意义.
(1)月球南极区域几乎不受地球大气湍流、气溶胶和尘埃吸收以及人为光污染等因素的影响, 具备开展高稳定性天文成像观测的天然优势. 在此环境下, 有望获取高信噪比、结构清晰且连续稳定观测的宽视场天文图像, 呈现在地基条件下难以实现的恒星密度分布特征以及银河系精细结构. 此类具有代表性的月基观测图像不仅具有重要的科学参考价值, 还具备显著的公众传播潜力, 有望成为继阿波罗8号“地出”(Earthrise)影像之后, 又一幅能够体现深空观测独特视角并且激发公众对天文学与空间探索兴趣的标志性太空影像.
(2)将月球变为天文课堂. 此次观测将把月球从一个遥远单一的探索目标, 转变为科学发现的平台和面向地球的直播课堂. 观察者能够从另一个视角实时看到宇宙空间景象, 这是模拟或地面观测无法比拟的.
(3)深化对空间环境的理解. 通过对比地球上看到的银河和月球上看到的银河, 可以直观理解地球大气对天文观测的影响, 以及月基天文学的独特优势, 从而更深入地学习天体物理学和观测技术的基本原理.
(4)激励下一代探索者. 此类开创性成果具有强大的示范和激励效应. 表明了人类探索的脚步从未停止, 科学与合作可以开创未来, 鼓励年轻人投身于航天、天文和相关STEM领域.
此外, ILO-C项目是国际合作的典范, 全球多家机构均有实质性贡献, 包括国际月球天文台协会(ILOA)、中国科学院国家天文台(NAOC)、泰国国家天文研究所(NARIT)和香港大学太空实验室(HKU-LSR). 多方协作不仅推动月球天文学发展, 也体现了全球科学界对加强合作的共同愿景.
ILO-C设计需满足嫦娥七号对国际搭载载荷在尺寸、质量和功耗方面的要求. 经过多轮系统化设计迭代, ILO-C飞行正样件已达到严格的性能标准和特定任务要求, ILO-C协作联盟已确认了关键技术指标(见表1). 这些技术指标是在有限的载荷资源条件下, 经过系统论证和优选确定的, 既保证了科学目标的可实现性, 又兼顾了嫦娥七号任务的实际约束.
ILO-C图像数据的质量及其任务目标的核心价值取决于载荷本身的光学、机械、电子学和热控等方面的综合性能, 以及科学定标过程的有效实施. 科学定标(或天文定标)过程涵盖基础测光定标(传感器性能)、色度定标(颜色精度)以及基于标准星比对的光度定标. 以下结合ILO-C的具体成像原理, 阐述其核心定标要求.
ILO-C采用索尼IMX253 sCMOS (4096×3000 pixel阵列)探测器芯片, 其在光谱范围0.42~0.70(±0.1) μm 输出RGB彩色图像. 其主要原理是在单颗单色(黑白)传感器的基础上, 通过覆盖一层拜耳滤镜(Bayer Filter), 使每个像素仅感应特定颜色的光, 再通过算法插值重建为全彩图像. 图3给出了ILO-C的成像原理.
为了将相机输出的原始数字值(Digital Number, DN)或模拟数字单元(Analog-to-Digital Unit, ADU)精确地转换为物理量, 例如光子数、天体目标的分光能量通量密度(单位 J·s–1·cm–2·Å–1)或天文学标准的星等(magnitude), 对相机进行科学定标是十分必要的.
进行基础测光定标 (Basic Photometric Calibration)是为了修正传感器自身的非理想效应, 获得“纯净”的星像计数, 其需要拍摄一系列校准帧(Calibration Frames).
目的: 测量相机读出电路固有的电子偏移(偏置水平). 即使曝光时间为零, 传感器也会读出一定的数值.
拍摄方法: 在相机完全遮光情况下, 使用最短的可用曝光时间(通常是0 s或1 ms以下), 拍摄多张(通常30~50张)图像. 将这些偏置帧取中值叠加(Median Combine), 得到一个高质量、低噪声的主偏置帧(Master Bias).
目的: 测量由热噪声(暗电流)产生的信号, 该信号的强度与曝光时间和传感器温度高度相关.
拍摄方法: 在相机完全遮光条件下获取暗场数据. 暗场计划分为主暗场和扩展暗场两类, 具体如下.
(1)主暗场. 在预定主要科学观测的工作温度、曝光时间与读出模式下获取若干暗场帧, 取中值叠加得到主暗场帧(Master Dark), 用于对主科学帧进行直接匹配扣除, 并用于统计暗电流及其随机涨落, 从而评估热噪声水平.
(2)扩展暗场. 在若干代表性温度点、曝光时间与读出/增益设置下获取暗场序列, 用于建立暗电流随温度和曝光时间的变化关系, 并在实际工况偏离预设参数时, 以与主要科学帧一致的主暗场作为基准进行插值或匹配校正.
处理方式: 主暗场帧减去主偏置帧即得到真实的热噪声信号. 因为暗场中也包含了偏置信号.
目的: 修正整个成像系统(传感器、滤镜、光学镜头)的响应不均匀性, 包括: 像素灵敏度差异, 每个像素对光的响应效率略有不同; 渐晕(Vignetting), 图像中心比边缘暗; 灰尘阴影, 即光学表面的灰尘在图像上形成的暗斑.
拍摄方法: 需对均匀亮场进行曝光, 严禁使用恒星或其他点源作为参考. 地基望远镜通常采用两类平场方法: 一是穹顶平场, 即在圆顶内部照射一块均匀白板进行拍摄; 二是黄昏/晨光平场, 即在日出前或日落后的晴朗天空获取平场图像.
技术要求: 曝光时间应控制在相机响应曲线的线性区中间位置(通常对应ADU最大值的1/2~2/3), 并使用与科学目标完全相同的滤镜和焦距; 每个滤镜均需单独获取平场帧. 对同一组多张平场帧进行中值叠加, 并做归一化(除以平均值)处理, 即可得到反应响应变化的主平场帧(Master Flat).
对每一张拍摄的天体照片(亮场帧, Light Frame), 采用以下方式进行校准, 即利用原始图像分别减去主偏置帧和主暗场帧, 然后与主平场帧相除, 得到校准后图像. 其中减去偏置帧用于去除电子偏移, 减去暗场帧用于消除热噪声, 除以主平场帧则校正像素相应的不均匀性, 从而保证各像素对相同光信号的响应一致.
需要注意的是, 基础定标帧(偏置、暗场、平场等)应尽可能覆盖探测器可能出现的工作参数空间, 包括不同工作温度、曝光时间(偏置帧除外)及读出模式/增益设置. 其中应包含与预定科学帧参数一致的定标组作为参照, 以便在月面阶段工作状态发生偏离时仍能进行插值或匹配, 从而保证定标的适用性与可靠性.
对于采用拜耳彩色滤光阵列(CFA)的CMOS相机系统(例如基于索尼IMX253传感器的系统), 由于其CFA透过曲线与标准测光系统(例如UBVRI或 SDSS ugriz)的透过曲线并不完全一致, 直接获得的颜色测量会存在系统偏差, 因而需要进行色度定标(Color Calibration). 其原理是通过观测一组颜色覆盖范围从蓝到红的标准星, 建立ILO-C相机系统(RGB)与标准测光系统之间的颜色转换关系.
具体步骤如下: 观测多颗不同颜色的标准星, 分别测量其在ILO-C相机R, G, B通道中的仪器星等; 与这些标准星在标准系统(例如SDSS的g, r, i波段)中的已知星等进行拟合; 得到颜色转换公式, 其通常类似于$ {\left(g-r\right)}_{\text{SDSS}}=a\times {\left(G-R\right)}_{\mathrm{ILO}-\mathrm{C}}+b $, 运用该转换式即可将相机测得的仪器颜色修正到标准的可与其他天文研究对比的真实颜色.
经过基础校准后, 可获得每个像素的净ADU计数. 为了将这些计数转换为真实的物理亮度(即天体辐射流量), 需要进行绝对光度定标, 即流量定标 (Flux Calibration). 其原理是, 通过观测标准星(Standard Stars)建立计数与物理流量的对应关系. 标准星是亮度经过精确测量的恒星, 其在不同波段上的绝对流量值Flux (单位J·s–1·cm–2·Å–1)是已知的. 具体步骤如下.
步骤 1 选择标准星, 从权威星表(例如Landolt标准星星表、SDSS测光标准星等)中选多颗标准星, 与科学帧图像中相同的目标进行比较.
步骤 2 测光, 对校准后的标准星图像进行孔径测光(Aperture Photometry), 并测量标准星产生的总ADU计数.
步骤 3 计算零点Pz, 标准星的已知星等 ($ {m}_{\text{std}} $)与ILO-C仪器测得的计数率 $ {{C}_{\text{std}}}/{{t}_{\exp }} $存在如下关系:
$ m_{\text{std}}=-2.5\times\mathrm{lg}\left(\frac{C_{\text{std}}}{t_{\exp}}\right)+P_{\mathrm{z}}\text{. } $
其中, $ {t}_{\exp } $为曝光时间. 由上述方程可以解得该滤镜系统在此次观测条件下的测光零点Pz. 这里Pz是一个常数, 包含望远镜口径、相机量子效率、滤镜透过率等所有因素的综合效应. 对于任意一颗经校准后的科学目标恒星, 测量其计数率$ {{C}_{\mathrm{targ}\mathrm{et}}}/{{t}_{\exp }} $, 即可利用相同的零点Pz计算其星等, 有
$ m_{\mathrm{targ}\mathrm{et}}=-2.5\times\mathrm{lg}\left(\frac{C_{\mathrm{targ}\mathrm{et}}}{t_{\exp}}\right)+P_{\mathrm{z}}. $
ILO-C作为着陆器载荷, 发射升空后将经历飞行(5~6 d), 绕月(约90 d)和着陆(约0.5 d)三个阶段. 利用月球南极独特优势环境, 结合多阶段、多方法交叉验证, 建立一个从相对定标到绝对定标的完整流程. 所有步骤均需在任务规划中自动执行.
在任务资源允许的情况下, 在不同温度点(通过热控系统调节)下拍摄多组不同曝光时间的暗场, 测量不同温度下的偏置值, 建立暗电流与温度、曝光时间的精确关系模型. 着陆后, 月面昼夜温差较大. 基于此模型, 后续可以根据月面实测的传感器温度, 实时计算对应的暗电流并进行扣除, 不必频繁拍摄消耗时间的暗场.
在环绕月球飞行期间, 载荷处于真空环境中, 无大气散射干扰, 并且相比月面阶段, 其尘埃沉积等环境扰动因素更可控, 因此更适合用于建立仪器初始响应的在轨基准. 基础定标数据的获取(尤其是偏置与暗场序列)将为着陆后科学观测提供关键的校正基准, 应在任务编排允许的情况下优先规划.
若ILO-C相机能够在此阶段开机运行, 可开展以下定标工作.
平场定标. 通过观测恒星密度较低且空间背景相对均匀的天区(例如银极附近), 利用飞行过程中的姿态旋转/扫描使恒星像在探测器上形成轨迹并覆盖不同像素. 对完成偏置与暗场校正后的多帧图像进行恒星轨迹掩膜, 并采用中值合成构建主平场帧, 从而以较高信噪比表征像素间相对响应差异及大尺度照度不均匀性(在杂散光与背景梯度影响可忽略或经校正的前提下). 此外, 若环月阶段存在合适的月面观测窗口, 可结合离焦/扫描等策略对大尺度响应项进行补充校验, 作为平场定标的辅助约束.
绝对光度与色度定标. 有计划地观测经测光标定的标准星(例如HD星表中的标准星), 在无大气干扰条件下测定各滤镜的零点星等, 并建立ILO-C相机RGB系统与标准测光系统(例如UBVRI和SDSS ugriz)的颜色转换方程. 这类环月定标在条件允许且观测充分时, 有望建立较为稳定的初始光度与色度基准, 并可作为后续月面观测期间零点漂移与响应变化监测的参照与交叉检验依据.
着陆后进入月面阶段, 环境条件相比飞行/环月阶段发生显著变化, 仪器性能可能受到尘埃沉积、极端温度循环、地形相关遮挡与散射以及杂散光背景变化等因素的共同影响. 由于着陆后相机以固定指向模式工作, 而且与其他着陆器载荷可能存在工况交替的情况, 为确保每幅科学观测帧都具备相应的本底信息, 在每一轮科学观测前将进行5幅偏置帧采样, 一方面可用于矫正科学帧本底, 另一方面, 也便于与飞行段和绕月段的数据进行比对, 进而识别仪器性能在不同环境下可能发生的变化. 着陆后, 应使相机最大化利用有效观测时间, 进行每3 s一帧的科学成像, 力求最大化利用有限的有效观测窗口, 完成约1200°2天区的观测任务, 以保障在后续的数据处理中, 可以使用星群互比法完成科学帧的色度和流量定标. 图4给出了ILO-C着陆后模拟观测结果.
在每次拍摄的视场中, 通常会包含大量恒星[3]. 这里将选取一批亮度稳定、非变的恒星作为内部标准星. 其核心思想是, 在恒星本征亮度保持稳定的前提下, 仪器响应变化可分解为测光零点的整体漂移项(例如整体透过率下降、探测器平均响应变化)以及叠加其上的大尺度空间响应项(例如非均匀尘埃沉积与视场相关杂散光引起的响应起伏, 可用低阶二维函数或分块模型描述). 因此, 通过对同一恒星场中大量恒星进行持续测光, 并与参考星表/标准系统进行交叉标定, 可在联合拟合中同时约束零点漂移与大尺度空间项, 用于更新色度与流量定标参数; 同时对响应变化可能引入的测光偏差进行量化评估, 并给出相应的不确定度范围.
通过大量重复观测这批内部标准星的流量变化, 可以反推出仪器系统整体响应率的变化趋势(即监测零点星等的漂移), 并对所有科学目标的数据进行归一化校正. 这样有效解决了尘埃累积导致仪器灵敏度随时间下降的问题, 确保科学数据的准确性和可比性.
需要指出, 由于在飞行和环月阶段获取的定标帧与月面科学观测之间具有较长的时间间隔, 而探测器在科学观测期间不能进行暗场和平场帧监测, 因而须考虑如何应对探测器可能的衰减效应. 拟采取的策略如下.
(1)基础定标帧(偏置、暗场、平场等)应尽可能覆盖探测器可能出现的工作参数空间, 包括不同工作温度、曝光时间(偏置帧除外)及读出模式/增益设置. 其中应包含与预定科学帧参数一致的定标组作为参照, 以便在月面阶段工作状态发生偏离时仍能进行插值或匹配, 从而最大程度上保证定标的适用性与可靠性.
(2)利用月面阶段科学观测的时间序列数据构建天空平场/自平场, 用于约束大尺度响应变化: 优先选择高银纬且弥漫背景相对较弱的天区, 避开已知强弥漫结构; 对多帧数据进行恒星信号抑制(例如中值合成)后, 采用低阶二维拟合/平滑方法分离大尺度背景分量, 并通过不同天区结果的一致性对比检验其可靠性. 该方法主要用于校正与跟踪大尺度响应项, 其不确定性将在误差评估中加以量化说明.
由于目前专业天文观测通常以单色探测器配合滤光片为主, 因此ILO-C相机的彩色(RGB)成像定标方案难以直接照搬地面通用流程. 为满足月球特殊环境下的定标需求, 本文提出一套分阶段、模型化并结合自校准的定标策略. 在飞行/环月阶段, 若任务编排允许开机, 可利用相对可控的真空环境获取偏置、暗电流与平场等基础定标数据, 并建立初始测光零点与颜色转换关系, 形成仪器初始响应的在轨基准; 若前期无法开机, 则月面阶段将作为首次定标窗口, 相应基准主要依赖月面可执行的最小定标集与恒星场重复观测来建立与更新. 着陆后进入月面阶段, 定标工作更侧重于在实际观测中跟踪和修正, 例如, 通过构建超级天空平场矫正探测器不均匀效应, 通过标准星和星群互比法监测灵敏度漂移, 如果任务编排允许开机, 可利用相对可控的真空环境获取偏置、暗电流与平场等基础定标数据, 并建立初始测光零点与颜色转换关系, 形成仪器初始响应的在轨基准; 若前期无法开机, 则月面阶段将作为首次定标窗口, 相应基准需主要依赖月面可执行的最小定标集与恒星场重复观测来建立与更新. 通过上述组合方案, ILO-C即使在充满不确定性的月球环境中, 仍有望产出可溯源且满足预期精度的科学数据. 相关观测结果亦可与地基观测形成互补, 并为后续月基观测载荷的定标实践提供参考.
作为月基天文观测的一项探索性尝试, ILO-C 在开展科学观测的同时, 也具备科普教育与公众传播价值. 在国际月球天文台协作联盟(INNH)、BISME团队以及相关总体单位的有力支撑下, 此次任务有望为后续月基天文观测任务在载荷运行、数据获取及定标流程等积累经验, 并进一步体现月球作为天体物理观测平台的独特价值. 同时, 项目的教育与科学传播活动可为公众理解天文学与空间科学提供支撑.

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
KEPLER J. Somnium, Seu Opus Posthumum de Astronomia Lunari[M]. Frankfurt: Sagani Silesiorum, 1634
2
MENG X M, HAN X H, WEI J Y, et al. NUV star catalog from the lunar-based ultraviolet telescope survey: first release[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2016, 16(11): 168
3
LI G C, HU M K, LI W X, et al. A shock flash breaking out of a dusty red supergiant[J]. Nature, 2024, 627(8005): 754-758
2026年第46卷第2期
PDF下载
120
53
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158
  • 接收时间:2025-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-07-08
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09
  • 修回日期:2026-01-22
基金
作者信息
    1中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012
    2深空探测实验室/天都实验室 合肥 230088
    3国际月球天文台协会 夏威夷岛 96743
    4香港大学 太空研究实验室 香港 999077
    5国家航天局探月与航天工程中心 北京 100195
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjkxxb/CN/10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0158
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏