Article(id=1281687984172938163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039, pmid=null, cstr=32142.14.cjss.2025-0039, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741881600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-14, revisedDate=1747843200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783507828038, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783507828038, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783507828038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783507828038, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281687939268719086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, year='2026', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='265', pageEnd='566', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783507817332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783508069046, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281688995138605320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281688995138605321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, issueId=1281687939268719086, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=281, endPage=289, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281687984353293236, articleId=1281687984172938163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, language=EN, title=Response of Thermospheric Winds at Mid-latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to the Geomagnetic Storm on 18 March 2018, columnId=1281687939994333679, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Space Science, columnName=Research Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The responses of thermospheric winds at middle latitudes to the moderate geomagnetic storm of 18-19 March 2018, are examined using two ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) observations from the Xinglong (XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; magnetic latitude 35°N) and the Sutherland Astronomical Observatory (SAAO, 32.2°S, 20.48°E; magnetic latitude 40.7°S), combined with simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The storm reached a maximum Kp index of 6, classifying it as a moderate storm. Ground-based FPI measurements provided high-resolution wind data at both stations, capturing the temporal evolution of zonal (east-west) and meridional (north-south) wind components. Meanwhile, the TIEGCM simulations offered a theoretical framework to interpret the observed disturbances and assess the model’s capability in reproducing storm-induced thermospheric dynamics. The results reveal that the response of thermospheric winds to the geomagnetic storm is more pronounced in the southern hemisphere than that in the northern hemisphere. Significant enhancements in equatorward and westward winds are observed at the SAAO station, with maximum meridional wind speeds reaching 128.4 m·s–1 (equatorward) and maximum zonal wind speeds reaching –165.6 m·s–1 (westward). Comparative analysis with TIEGCM simulations indicates that the model can reasonably reproduce the disturbance trends in observations, particularly in the variations of meridional winds at SAAO and zonal winds at XLON. The model successfully captured the transition from quiet-time wind patterns to storm-driven disturbances, including the shift toward westward and equatorward. However, certain quantitative discrepancies remain in the model’s predictions: the model underestimates the eastward zonal winds at SAAO and overestimates the equatorward meridional winds at XLON. Future studies could consider using multiple ground-based stations and a variety of observations, such as temperature, density, chemical composition for the study. Furthermore, investigating the role of seasonal and local time effects in modulating hemispheric asymmetries could provide deeper insights into thermospheric storm responses. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the storm impacts on thermospheric winds and hemispheric differences, as well as their potential physical causes.

, authors=Xinmiao XIA1, 2, Guoying JIANG1, 3, 4, NEL Amoré Elsje5, Yajun ZHU1, 3, 4, Jiyao XU1, Wei YUAN1, 4, authorsList=Xinmiao XIA, Guoying JIANG, NEL Amoré Elsje, Yajun ZHU, Jiyao XU, Wei YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guoying JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281687985989071815, articleId=1281687984172938163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212996840067084, language=CN, title=南北半球中纬度地区热层风场对2018年3月18日磁暴的响应特征, columnId=1281687940136940017, journalTitle=空间科学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于兴隆(XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; 磁纬35°N)和南非Sutherland天文台(SAAO, 32.2°S, 20.48°E; 磁纬40.7°S)的地基Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI)观测数据, 结合热层–电离层–电动力学环流模型(TIEGCM), 系统分析了2018年3月18-19日磁暴事件期间南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征. 研究发现, 南半球热层风场对磁暴的响应较北半球更为显著. 在SAAO台站观测到显著的赤道向和西向风增强现象, 其中经向风最大速度达128.4 m·s–1 (赤道向), 纬向风最大速度达 –165.6 m·s–1 (西向). 与TIEGCM模拟结果的对比分析表明, 模型能够较好地再现观测数据的扰动趋势, 特别是在SAAO经向风和XLON纬向风的变化特征方面. 然而模型在风速定量预测方面仍存在一定偏差, 对SAAO东向纬向风存在低估现象, 而对XLON赤道向经向风则呈现高估趋势.

, authors=夏新淼1, 2, 姜国英1, 3, 4, Amoré Elsje NEL5, 朱亚军1, 3, 4, 徐寄遥1, 袁韦1, 4, authorsList=夏新淼, 姜国英, Amoré Elsje NEL, 朱亚军, 徐寄遥, 袁韦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姜国英, authorNote=

夏新淼 女, 2000年12月出生于四川省泸州市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为中高层大气物理方向. E-mail:

姜国英 女, 1979年4月出生于河北省邢台市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、热层–电离层耦合等. E-mail:

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姜国英 E-mail:
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Locations of XLON and SAAO stations

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StationLongitude/(°)Latitude/(°)
XLON117.6 E40.2 N
SAAO20.48 E32.2 S
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XLON和 SAAO台站位置

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StationLongitude/(°)Latitude/(°)
XLON117.6 E40.2 N
SAAO20.48 E32.2 S
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南北半球中纬度地区热层风场对2018年3月18日磁暴的响应特征
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夏新淼 1, 2 , 姜国英 1, 3, 4 , Amoré Elsje NEL 5 , 朱亚军 1, 3, 4 , 徐寄遥 1 , 袁韦 1, 4
空间科学学报 | 研究论文 2026,46(2): 281-289
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空间科学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 46 (2) : 281 -289
南北半球中纬度地区热层风场对2018年3月18日磁暴的响应特征
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姜国英 女, 1979年4月出生于河北省邢台市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、热层–电离层耦合等. E-mail:

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夏新淼1, 2 , 姜国英1, 3, 4 , Amoré Elsje NEL5, 朱亚军1, 3, 4, 徐寄遥1, 袁韦1, 4
作者信息
  • 1中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190
  • 2中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院 北京 100049
  • 3中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院 北京 100049
  • 4海南空间天气国家野外科学观测研究站 儋州 571734
  • 5South African National Space Agency Hermanus 7200
通讯作者:
姜国英 E-mail:
作者简介:

夏新淼 女, 2000年12月出生于四川省泸州市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为中高层大气物理方向. E-mail:

姜国英 女, 1979年4月出生于河北省邢台市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室副研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、热层–电离层耦合等. E-mail:

Response of Thermospheric Winds at Mid-latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to the Geomagnetic Storm on 18 March 2018
Xinmiao XIA1, 2 , Guoying JIANG1, 3, 4 , NEL Amoré Elsje5, Yajun ZHU1, 3, 4, Jiyao XU1, Wei YUAN1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
  • 2College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • 3School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • 4Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for Space Weather, Danzhou 571734
  • 5South African National Space Agency, Hermanus 7200
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039
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基于兴隆(XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; 磁纬35°N)和南非Sutherland天文台(SAAO, 32.2°S, 20.48°E; 磁纬40.7°S)的地基Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI)观测数据, 结合热层–电离层–电动力学环流模型(TIEGCM), 系统分析了2018年3月18-19日磁暴事件期间南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征. 研究发现, 南半球热层风场对磁暴的响应较北半球更为显著. 在SAAO台站观测到显著的赤道向和西向风增强现象, 其中经向风最大速度达128.4 m·s–1 (赤道向), 纬向风最大速度达 –165.6 m·s–1 (西向). 与TIEGCM模拟结果的对比分析表明, 模型能够较好地再现观测数据的扰动趋势, 特别是在SAAO经向风和XLON纬向风的变化特征方面. 然而模型在风速定量预测方面仍存在一定偏差, 对SAAO东向纬向风存在低估现象, 而对XLON赤道向经向风则呈现高估趋势.

热层风场  /  地磁暴  /  南北半球  /  中纬度  /  Fabry-Perot干涉仪  /  TIEGCM模型

The responses of thermospheric winds at middle latitudes to the moderate geomagnetic storm of 18-19 March 2018, are examined using two ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) observations from the Xinglong (XLON, 40.2°N, 117.6°E; magnetic latitude 35°N) and the Sutherland Astronomical Observatory (SAAO, 32.2°S, 20.48°E; magnetic latitude 40.7°S), combined with simulations from the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The storm reached a maximum Kp index of 6, classifying it as a moderate storm. Ground-based FPI measurements provided high-resolution wind data at both stations, capturing the temporal evolution of zonal (east-west) and meridional (north-south) wind components. Meanwhile, the TIEGCM simulations offered a theoretical framework to interpret the observed disturbances and assess the model’s capability in reproducing storm-induced thermospheric dynamics. The results reveal that the response of thermospheric winds to the geomagnetic storm is more pronounced in the southern hemisphere than that in the northern hemisphere. Significant enhancements in equatorward and westward winds are observed at the SAAO station, with maximum meridional wind speeds reaching 128.4 m·s–1 (equatorward) and maximum zonal wind speeds reaching –165.6 m·s–1 (westward). Comparative analysis with TIEGCM simulations indicates that the model can reasonably reproduce the disturbance trends in observations, particularly in the variations of meridional winds at SAAO and zonal winds at XLON. The model successfully captured the transition from quiet-time wind patterns to storm-driven disturbances, including the shift toward westward and equatorward. However, certain quantitative discrepancies remain in the model’s predictions: the model underestimates the eastward zonal winds at SAAO and overestimates the equatorward meridional winds at XLON. Future studies could consider using multiple ground-based stations and a variety of observations, such as temperature, density, chemical composition for the study. Furthermore, investigating the role of seasonal and local time effects in modulating hemispheric asymmetries could provide deeper insights into thermospheric storm responses. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the storm impacts on thermospheric winds and hemispheric differences, as well as their potential physical causes.

Thermospheric winds  /  Geomagnetic storm  /  Northern and southern hemispheres  /  Mid-latitudes  /  Fabry-Perot Interferometer  /  TIEGCM model
夏新淼, 姜国英, Amoré Elsje NEL, 朱亚军, 徐寄遥, 袁韦. 南北半球中纬度地区热层风场对2018年3月18日磁暴的响应特征. 空间科学学报, 2026 , 46 (2) : 281 -289 . DOI: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039
Xinmiao XIA, Guoying JIANG, NEL Amoré Elsje, Yajun ZHU, Jiyao XU, Wei YUAN. Response of Thermospheric Winds at Mid-latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to the Geomagnetic Storm on 18 March 2018[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026 , 46 (2) : 281 -289 . DOI: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039
热层风是高层大气的重要参数, 其行为受到多种作用力的相互影响, 包括压力梯度、科里奥利力、黏滞力和离子曳力等, 这些因素共同决定了热层风的模式[14]. 在地磁扰动时期, 与焦耳加热相关的离子阻力和压力梯度增强导致的大规模风扰动会从高纬度向中低纬度传播[59]. 通过地基法布里–珀罗干涉仪(FPI)观测数据, 对地磁暴期间的全球风环流进行了大量研究[1023], 描述了不同地磁活动水平下热层风的形态.
近年来, 多项研究利用地基数据对南北半球热层风场的差异进行了深入探讨, 但基本都是利用单个地基台站或者台站网的观测数据, 而结合南北半球地基观测数据的研究较少. Yatagai等[24]利用日本和澳大利亚的全天空气辉成像仪数据, 首次研究了亚洲–大洋洲地区约250 km高度的热层夜间风的水平结构气候学, 提出北半球热层风具有明显的季节变化, 南半球的风向变化不如北半球明显. 非洲地区作为南半球中纬度的重要区域, 近年来逐渐成为热层风场研究的焦点之一. 南非Sutherland站(32.2°S, 20.48°E; 地磁纬度40.7°S)是南半球中纬度地区的重要观测站点. Ojo等[25]利用该站的FPI观测数据, 首次对2018年2月至2019年1月期间的夜间热层风场进行详细的气候学研究, 南非地区的热层风场表现出显著的季节变化. 这些研究为理解非洲地区热层风场的独特行为提供了重要依据, 但是由于观测数据的时空覆盖范围有限, 非洲地区热层风场的系统性研究仍需进一步深入, 尤其是磁暴时期南北半球中纬度地区热层风场扰动的系统性对比研究仍然不足.
XLON FPI 站(40.2°N, 117.6°E, 磁纬35°N)由中国子午工程于2010年建成[26], SAAO FPI站(32.2°S, 20.48°E, 磁纬40.7°S)是波士顿大学观测网的一部分, 于2018年建成[25]. 这两个台站为研究南北半球中纬度地区地磁暴期间热层风扰动提供了风场测量数据. 这里选择位于南北半球的两个FPI地基观测站, 通过对比分析, 探讨热层风场在磁暴事件中的响应特征及其差异.
表1给出了XLON FPI和SAAO FPI两个台站的地理位置. 其中中国子午工程的XLON FPI自2010年4月起开始运行[26]. XLON FPI 配备3个滤波通道, 用于测量不同高度的夜间气辉辐射, 分别为OH 892.0 nm (约87 km), OI 557.7 nm (约97 km)和 OI 630.0 nm (约250 km). 在每个测量周期内, 系统对天顶、北、南、东、西5个方向进行采样, 其仰角为45°. OH 892.0 nm积分时间为3 min, 风场误差为6 m·s–1; OI 557.7 nm积分时间为3 min, 风场误差为1 m·s–1; OI 630.0 nm积分时间为5 min, 风场误差为2~6 m·s–1, 经向和纬向风的时间分辨率约为 1 h[27]. XLON FPI工作原理以及风场数据处理方法的介绍, 参见文献[26,2831]. 这里分析2018年3月18日采集的 XLON FPI红线(OI 630.0 nm)风场数据.
波士顿大学观测网的SAAO FPI站于2018年建成[25]. FPI测量的是630.0 nm波长处的红线发射, 该发射是通过$ \mathrm{O}_{2}^{+} $的解离重组产生的[32]. 夜间红线辐射一般出现在大约250 km的高度, 通过以高光谱分辨率测量这种辐射的多普勒频移, 可利用FPI估算视线中性风速, 其核心光学组件包括15 mm空气间隙的标准具(反射率77%)、630.0 nm窄带滤光片(1 nm带宽)和制冷CCD探测器(–60℃工作温度), 配合稳频HeNe激光进行实时校准, SAAO FPI先观测天顶方向, 分别观测4个基点方向(北、东、南、西), 仰角为 45°, 典型的观测周期为27 min[25]. Fisher等[33]详细介绍了FPI仪器的设计和数据处理. 本文主要分析2018年3月18-19日采集的 SAAO FPI红线风场数据.
TIEGCM是美国国家大气研究中心高空观测站(NCAR/HAO)开发的电离层–热层耦合系统三维时变模型[34]. TIEGCM纳入了由Heelis或Weimer模型[35,36]导出的高纬度电场、由F10.7指数参数化的太阳极紫外线和紫外线通量[37], 以及由全球尺度波模型(GSWM)[38,39]生成的迁移和非迁移昼夜潮汐和半昼夜潮汐. 此外, 该模型还可以纳入利用宽带发射辐射测量法探测大气层(SABER)和TIDI等仪器观测到的潮汐[40,41]. 该模型地理纬度和地理经度的水平分辨率为2.5°× 2.5°, 包括57个垂直气压层, 高度约97~700 km (取决于太阳活动)[34,42]. TIEGCM每小时输出一次, 形成用于建模和分析的综合数据库. 在本文中, 选取TIEGCM 2.5版本模拟了2018年3月的热层风场数据, 并根据地基台站的经纬度在模型中选取离台站最近的点, 其中平静期选取2018年3月13日10:00 UT至14日10:00 UT的数据, 磁暴期选取2018年3月18日10:00 UT至19日10:00 UT的数据.
2018年3月18日发生了一起磁暴事件. 图1(a)所示以GSM坐标表示IMF ByBz分量, 可以看出IMF By大部分为负值, 在3月18日18:00 UT至3月19日 02:00 UT, 其主要在–4.9~2.9 nT内振荡. IMF Bz在3月18日16:00 UT左右开始南向. 图1还给出了Kp, Dst和极光带电集流AE地磁指数的变化情况, 表征了由此产生的地磁暴. 在3月18日18:00-23:00 UT同步期间, Kp指数最大达到6, 按NOAA对于磁暴的等级划分*, 此次磁暴事件为G2级(中等)磁暴事件. Dst指数表示环电流粒子的总能量, |Dst|max在50~100 nT的地磁暴被归类为中等地磁暴; |Dst|max在100~200 nT的地磁暴被归类为强地磁暴[4345]. 在此次磁暴事件中, |Dst|max约为50 nT, 按Dst指数划分, 2018年3月18日磁暴事件为中等磁暴事件. 基于AE在400~500 nT为弱地磁活动和AE在1000 nT为强地磁活动的定义, 2018年3月18日18:00 UT时发生了中等地磁活动, AE > 800 nT. 地磁指数的变化可能是受冕洞高速流的影响. 当能量沉积到地球空间系统时, 其影响预计从高纬度向低纬度传播, 从而改变地球的热层–电离层系统. 以下利用XLON和SAAO观测站获得的测量数据研究南北半球中纬度的相关变化.
图2给出了热层风在XLON台站观测值以及TIEGCM模型结果平静期内每小时的平均变化和3月18-19日的日变化情况. 其中暴时为18日18:00 UT至19日02:00 UT, 纬向风在平静期夜间主要为东向风, 最大风速在00:00 LT达到89 m·s–1, 如图2(a)所示, 模型结果在东向低估了FPI观测数据, 在西向高估了FPI观测数据, 并且由东向风转为西向风的时间模型比地基观测数据早1 h, 暴时FPI观测到的纬向风变化不明显. 在2018年3月18日00:00 LT纬向风速为23 m·s–1, 如图2(c)所示, 模型结果具有明显的向西扰动现象, 最大风速在06:00 LT左右达到–118.6 m·s–1. 如图2(b)所示, 经向风在平静期夜间主要为赤道向风, 最大风速在01:00 LT达到–47.3 m·s–1, 模型高估了FPI的经向风观测数据, 最大风速达到–86.1 m·s–1. 图2(d)表明, 在磁暴开始前, 地基观测数据和模型数据均显示了经向风有向赤道方向的增强现象, 地基观测数据显示在02:00 LT左右最大风速达到–110 m·s–1, 然而进入磁暴期后, 地基观测数据大幅减小, 模型高估了观测数据.
图2类似, 图3给出了SAAO台站以及TIEGCM模型热层风的平静期月平均变化和日变化. 图3(a)表明, 在平静期, 纬向风主要为东向风, 最大风速在23:00 LT左右达到82.6 m·s–1, 在02:00 LT左右转向为西向风, 最大风速在06:00 LT达到–47.18 m·s–1; 从图3(b)可以看出, 经向风主要为赤道向风, 最大风速在00:00 LT达到71.7 m·s–1, 模型扰动趋势与观测数据均基本一致. 图3(c)所示的磁暴期显示, 纬向风先向东增强, 最大风速在22:00 LT左右达到107.4 m·s–1, 2 h后在00:00 LT左右反转向西, 并发生了明显的风速增强现象, 最大风速在04:00 LT达到–165 m·s–1, 模型得到的纬向风由东向风转为西向风的反转时间约提前2 h, 并且明显低估了东向的观测数据; 图3(d)表明, 经向风在磁暴刚发生时先向极区方向有小幅增强, 2 h后反转向赤道方向, 并且风速明显向赤道方向增强, 最大风速在22:00 LT达到128 m·s–1, 模型结果与经向风观测数据的扰动趋势基本一致.
研究使用两个地基FPI观测数据与TIEGCM模型数据分析了2018年3月18日磁暴事件南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征. 磁暴发生时, XLON FPI处于观测后半段即02:00 LT, SAAO FPI刚开始观测即夜间20:00 LT, SAAO FPI能更好地捕捉磁暴在整个过程中热层风场的变化. 结果表明, 南半球的热层风变化比北半球更明显, 模型与观测数据在平静期的符合程度较高; 在磁暴期, 虽然热层风的模型与观测数据变化趋势基本一致, 但是在风速上存在较大差别, 尤其是SAAO台站的纬向风和XLON台站的经向风, SAAO台站纬向风向东的最大风速为107 m·s–1, 而模型为32 m·s–1; XLON台站经向风向赤道方向最大为 –35 m·s–1, 而模型为–132 m·s–1, 模型低估了SAAO台站的纬向风, 却高估了XLON台站的经向风.
在南非地区, 由于台站数量限制, 针对南非中纬度地区热层风场对磁暴响应特征的研究还不完全, Yatagai等[24]利用日本和澳大利亚的全天空气辉成像仪数据, 首次展示了亚洲–大洋洲地区约250 km高度的热层夜间风的水平结构气候学, 北半球热层风具有明显的季节变化, 南半球的风向变化不如北半球明显. Rukundo[46]使用HWM-14模式报道了在南半球, 由于半球间的季节不对称性, 平静期傍晚和早晨的风向分别为赤道向和极区向, 磁暴期间, 向赤道方向的扰动比平静期间的风更快地增强了由极区向到赤道向的逆转; 在平静期, 纬向风在北半球午夜后转为西向风, 南半球则相反, 并且暴时纬向风在两个半球的反转时间会提前, 反转的幅度会增强, 上述模拟的风场结果与之前在非洲地区的FPI测量结果一致[25,33]. 本研究使用TIEGCM模型数据也观测到部分上述现象, 在平静期, 南半球经向风傍晚为赤道向, 早晨为极区向, 但是在进入磁暴期之前, 经向风有向极区方向的小幅加速, 2 h后反转向赤道方向显著增强, SAAO地基观测数据也观测到上述现象; 为此, 研究了模型模拟的风场随时间变化的全球分布(见图46), 发现磁暴初期南半球经向风向极区方向增强和北半球经向风向赤道方向减小可能与暴前的波动结构有关. 模型得到的纬向风由东向风转为西向风的反转时间约提前2 h, 并且明显低估了向东方向的观测数据.
Huang等[16]利用XLON观测数据和HWM07模式研究了热层风场对2015年3月17-19日磁暴事件的响应特征, 报道了在磁暴期间纬向风明显向西, 经向风在磁暴初期只有向极区方向, 随着能量的持续注入, 有向南方向的激增, 并且HWM07模式结果在磁暴初期高估了观测数据, 在磁暴中后期低估了观测数据. 在本文研究中, 纬向风在暴时并未发现明显的向西扰动, 并且在磁暴开始前的4 h经向风有向赤道方向的加速, TIEGCM模型也有上述现象, 对比地磁指数的变化特征发现, AE指数在此段时间增强, Dst指数减小, 并且Bz为南向. 进入磁暴期, TIEGCM模型数据显示有明显的向赤道方向增强, 但是观测数据与模型结果之间相差较大, 模型高估了观测数据.
研究使用XLON台站(40.2°N, 117.6°E; 磁纬 35°N)和SAAO台站(32.2°S, 20.48°E; 磁纬40.7°S)观测数据以及TIEGCM模型数据, 分析了2018年3月18日磁暴事件期间南北半球中纬度地区热层风场的响应特征.
南半球的热层风变化比北半球更为显著, 并且模型结果与观测数据在平静期的吻合度较高. 然而在磁暴期间, 尽管模型结果与观测数据在风场变化趋势上基本一致, 但是二者在风速上存在显著差异. 特别是在SAAO台站的纬向风和XLON台站的经向风方面, 模型明显低估了SAAO台站东向的纬向风, 却高估了XLON台站赤道向的经向风.
此外, 研究还发现, 南半球经向风在磁暴初期表现出向极区方向的增强, 随后在2 h后显著转向赤道方向, 这一现象与地基观测数据一致. 纬向风由东向风转为西向风的反转时间在模型中提前了约2 h, 且模型明显低估了向东方向的观测数据. 这些发现与以往研究结果部分一致, 但也揭示了TIEGCM模型在模拟磁暴期间热层风场响应时的局限性. 未来的研究应结合更多台站数据和更精细的模型模拟, 全面揭示热层风场对磁暴的响应特征及其深层物理机制.

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2026年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.02.2025-0039
  • 接收时间:2025-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-07-08
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14
  • 修回日期:2025-05-22
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    1中国科学院国家空间科学中心 北京 100190
    2中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院 北京 100049
    3中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院 北京 100049
    4海南空间天气国家野外科学观测研究站 儋州 571734
    5South African National Space Agency Hermanus 7200

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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