Article(id=1263881621221064869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726156800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-13, revisedDate=1732291200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779262460284, onlineDateStr=2026-05-20, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779262460284, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779262460284, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1779262460284, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1263881604263437054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, year='2026', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='191', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779262456241, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1779263107607, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1263884336399528882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1263884336403723187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1263881628452044986, articleId=1263881621221064869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, language=EN, title=Dynamic modeling and characteristics research of low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmission systems, columnId=1263881617894945455, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Transmission, columnName=Theory·Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To address the issues of crawling and poor motion stability in low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmissions, a dynamic model of the above conveyor chain transmissions was established based on multi-body dynamic theory, and the research on dynamic characteristics was carried out, aiming to provide guidance for enhancing the stability of such conveyor chain transmission systems.

Methods

By considering the structural characteristics of low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmission systems and the effects of conveying loads, the mechanical properties of the conveyor chain nodes were simulated using Hooke’s law, and a dynamic model with 107 degrees of freedom of the conveyor chain was constructed. The modal superposition method was adopted to solve the dynamic model, the dynamic characteristics of the low-speed and heavy-load conveyor chain were obtained, and the influence laws of the slack side sag and the tight side friction force of the conveyor chain on the transmission speed variation were studied.

Results

The results show that reducing the slack side sag and decreasing the friction coefficient between the conveyor and the guide rail can effectively reduce the occurrence of the crawling phenomenon in conveyor chain transmission and improve the motion stability of the conveyor chain transmission systems.

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目的

针对低速重载输送链传动存在的爬行现象及运动平稳性差的问题,基于多刚体动力学理论,建立了低速重载输送链传动动力学模型,开展了动力学特性研究,为提高低速重载输送链传动系统的平稳性提供参考。

方法

考虑低速重载输送链传动系统的结构特点及输送载荷的影响,利用胡克定律模拟输送链节点的力学特性,构建了输送链107自由度动力学模型;采用模态叠加法对动力学模型进行求解,得到了低速重载输送链的动力学特性,研究了输送链的松边悬垂度和紧边摩擦力对传动速度变化的影响规律。

结果

结果表明,降低松边悬垂度、减小链条与导轨间的摩擦因数,可有效减少输送链传动爬行现象的产生,提高输送链传动系统的运动平稳性。

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陈立锋,男,1977年生,湖南新邵人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械传动、汽车系统动力学、智能汽车;

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陈立锋,男,1977年生,湖南新邵人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械传动、汽车系统动力学、智能汽车;

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陈立锋,男,1977年生,湖南新邵人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械传动、汽车系统动力学、智能汽车;

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Mechanical Management and Development200318(6):11-13., articleTitle=Analysis of chain drive, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263881642737844523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263881642842702126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, companyId=1263881642737844523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan411201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263881642934976816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, companyId=1263881642737844523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南科技大学 机电工程学院,湘潭411201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1263881667756868083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=States of the “water ripple”, figureFileSmall=h0SS2jic6F/p3iH/b+TtTw==, figureFileBig=tTry+7Y6fgSyLvWis+lY7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263881668692197884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, language=CN, label=图1, caption=“水波纹”状态

(a)同心圆状水波纹 (b)泡状水波纹

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Main parameters of the conveyor chain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称参数指标
输送距离/m23.8
输送链类型双边链
链条型号ISO 20A-1
单位链条的质量q/(kg/m)3.8
链轮齿数z20
从动轮布置角度δ/(°)40~90
链条传动速度v/(m/s)0.02
平均载荷/kg7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1263881687885333097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

输送链的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称参数指标
输送距离/m23.8
输送链类型双边链
链条型号ISO 20A-1
单位链条的质量q/(kg/m)3.8
链轮齿数z20
从动轮布置角度δ/(°)40~90
链条传动速度v/(m/s)0.02
平均载荷/kg7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1263881689013600879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Values of the coefficient Kf

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δ/(°)0~4040~90
Kf42
), ArticleFig(id=1263881689969902201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881621221064869, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

系数Kf的值

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δ/(°)0~4040~90
Kf42
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低速重载输送链传动系统动力学建模及特性研究
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陈立锋 , 张俊博 , 肖钊
机械传动 | 理论研究 2026,50(1): 87-91
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机械传动 | 理论研究 2026, 50(1): 87-91
低速重载输送链传动系统动力学建模及特性研究
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陈立锋 , 张俊博, 肖钊
作者信息
  • 湖南科技大学 机电工程学院,湘潭411201
  • 陈立锋,男,1977年生,湖南新邵人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械传动、汽车系统动力学、智能汽车;

Dynamic modeling and characteristics research of low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmission systems
Lifeng CHEN , Junbo ZHANG, Zhao XIAO
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan411201, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.011
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目的

针对低速重载输送链传动存在的爬行现象及运动平稳性差的问题,基于多刚体动力学理论,建立了低速重载输送链传动动力学模型,开展了动力学特性研究,为提高低速重载输送链传动系统的平稳性提供参考。

方法

考虑低速重载输送链传动系统的结构特点及输送载荷的影响,利用胡克定律模拟输送链节点的力学特性,构建了输送链107自由度动力学模型;采用模态叠加法对动力学模型进行求解,得到了低速重载输送链的动力学特性,研究了输送链的松边悬垂度和紧边摩擦力对传动速度变化的影响规律。

结果

结果表明,降低松边悬垂度、减小链条与导轨间的摩擦因数,可有效减少输送链传动爬行现象的产生,提高输送链传动系统的运动平稳性。

输送链传动  /  平稳性  /  爬行现象  /  动力学  /  模态叠加
Objective

To address the issues of crawling and poor motion stability in low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmissions, a dynamic model of the above conveyor chain transmissions was established based on multi-body dynamic theory, and the research on dynamic characteristics was carried out, aiming to provide guidance for enhancing the stability of such conveyor chain transmission systems.

Methods

By considering the structural characteristics of low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmission systems and the effects of conveying loads, the mechanical properties of the conveyor chain nodes were simulated using Hooke’s law, and a dynamic model with 107 degrees of freedom of the conveyor chain was constructed. The modal superposition method was adopted to solve the dynamic model, the dynamic characteristics of the low-speed and heavy-load conveyor chain were obtained, and the influence laws of the slack side sag and the tight side friction force of the conveyor chain on the transmission speed variation were studied.

Results

The results show that reducing the slack side sag and decreasing the friction coefficient between the conveyor and the guide rail can effectively reduce the occurrence of the crawling phenomenon in conveyor chain transmission and improve the motion stability of the conveyor chain transmission systems.

Conveyor chain transmission  /  Stability  /  Crawling phenomenon  /  Dynamic  /  Modal superposition
陈立锋, 张俊博, 肖钊. 低速重载输送链传动系统动力学建模及特性研究. 机械传动, 2026 , 50 (1) : 87 -91 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.011
Lifeng CHEN, Junbo ZHANG, Zhao XIAO. Dynamic modeling and characteristics research of low-speed and heavy-duty conveyor chain transmission systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2026 , 50 (1) : 87 -91 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.011
低速重载输送链传动存在爬行现象,输送过程中常出现速度波动,导致液体、软质材料在输送过程中经常出现“水波纹”现象,严重影响产品的质量。因此,提高低速重载输送链传动的平稳性具有重要的工程意义。如图1所示,常见的表面“水波纹”有同心圆状、泡状。同心圆状水波纹的特征是在材料上以某一处为中心、以波纹状向四面扩散;泡状水波纹的特征是在材料表面形成凸起或浮块状波纹,使得铝锭表面凹凸不平,有时会形成夹层[1]
输送链传动的速度波动是出现水波纹故障的主要原因。由于输送链传动的松边垂度和摩擦力等因素,链节在输送过程中可能会出现周期性的加速或减速,从而在输送材料表面产生波动。当链条与支撑面之间的摩擦力较大时会加剧速度波动,从而加重水波纹现象;悬垂度变化时,链条在传动过程中容易出现不均匀的张力变化,进一步加剧速度波动。
滚子链传动的运行平稳性问题一直是链传动的研究热点,广大学者对此进行了深入研究。刘雨等[2]结合实际工作特点,基于RecurDyn建立了滚子链传动的多体动力学模型,研究了滚子链传动的平稳性问题,并提出改善滚子输送链爬行现象的措施。林玲[3]建立了输送链动力学模型,分析了输送链运行平稳性的主要影响因素。宋福贵等[4]提出,采用链轮-凸轮补偿机构和链条导向机构可有效地消除爬行现象。JIANG等[5]采用试验方法研究了不同链轮位置下链传动的动态特性,得到了链条转速、载荷和表面状态对链振动具有激励作用的结论。宋明伟等[6]针对煤矿输送链传动不均匀及振动冲击较大等问题,建立了输送链传动等效机构和运动理论模型,研究了输送链传动的动态特性。黄重辉等[7]从相位角的角度研究了输送链的多边形效应,分析了从动链轮的角速度变化规律。刘毅等[8]利用Adams软件对链传动进行了动力学仿真分析,指出多边形效应是导致链条运动速度变化的重要因素之一。赵俊天等[9]研究了链节磨损对远距离输送链速度的影响规律,指出链节变化将对链条产生较大的振动激励力。马超超等[10]对输送链的链轮-链条配合间隙影响规律进行了研究,并对其进行优化,使最大总传动误差相比于优化前减小了28.923%。王存飞[11]研究了不同齿厚链轮的振动磨损导致的速度波动现象,并对特殊点进行了分析,找出输送链齿厚应避免的特殊情况。卢建富等[12]对输送链的工况及其结构失效原因进行了分析,提出优化改进方法,有效延长了输送链的使用寿命,并提高了其速度的平稳性。
目前,对链传动动力学特性的研究大多考虑了整体链传动的多边形效应及齿形等因素的影响,针对输送带与机架间的摩擦力对速度变化的影响规律的研究鲜见报道,而摩擦力对链传动的动力学特性有重要的影响。为此,本文基于多刚体动力学理论,利用集总参数法建立链传动107自由度动力学模型,开展松边悬垂度与摩擦因数对输送链平稳性影响规律的研究,对输送链传动的设计具有重要意义。
结合输送链传动系统的结构特点,依据图2所示输送链结构,对模型做出如下假设。
1)输送机的链传动系统为双边链,且输送链为左右对称结构。因此,搭建模型时选择其中一侧的链条和链轮为研究对象。
2)研究对象为输送链传动,对链传动系统影响不大的部件忽略不计。
3)输送物料在输送段均匀分布。
输送链的主要参数如表1所示。
根据物理等效模型和假设,将输送链传动系统简化成一个多自由度离散系统;驱动装置以速度v带动链条在导轨上沿水平方向运动,将每7个链节之间的连接等效为一个弹簧系统,将输送链系统分为107个节点,其力学方程符合胡克定律。根据输送链实际工况,前6个节点无货物运输,无工作载荷,货物从第7节点开始被运输,至第106节点时离开输送链。链传动动力学模型如图3所示。
对输送链在运行过程中受到工作载荷的一段相邻链节进行分析,各运动链节以相同的速度运动。其链节动力学简化模型如图4所示。
图4所示链节中,i为主动件;j为从动件;xixj分别为主动件和从动件的坐标;mimj分别为输送链节ij的质量;MiMj分别为输送货物ij的质量;f为动摩擦因数;Fs为松边张力;Fd为驱动力;Ff为滑动摩擦力;k为链节的连接刚度系数。则主动件i和从动件j的动力学方程分别为
(mi+Mi)x¨i=Fd-k(xi-xj)-Ff(mj+Mj)x¨j=k(xi-xj)-Fs-Ff
图2所示的输送链结构简化为107个链节单元,基于式(1)建立链传动系统的107自由度动力学模型,表示为
[M]x¨+[K]x=F
其中,质量矩阵[M]、刚度矩阵[K]、载荷向量F的表达式分别为
M=m1'0000m2'0000m106'0000m107'
K=k-k0000-k2k-k0000-k2k0000002k-k0000-k2k-k0000-kk
F=F1,F2,F3,,F106,F107Τ
其中,
mi'=mii=1,2,,6i=107Mi+mii=7,8,,105,106
Fi=Fd-migfi=1-migfi=2,3,4,5,6-(Mi+mi)gfi=7,8,,105,106-migf-Fsi=107
式中,g为重力加速度。
已知链节型号,其输送链节距为L;横截面积为A。将链节用杆单元替代,则用杆单元替代的链节的等效连接刚度系数k'为
k'=EAL
式中,E为用杆单元替代的链节的等效弹性模量。
由于主从动轮的摆放位置不同,松边垂度不同,而由松边垂度引起的松边张力的大小与链条的松边垂度及传动的布置方式有关。该松边张力Fs可按求悬索张力的方法13求得,表达式为
Fs=g(qa28f ')3+(qa2)29.8qa28f '=9.8Kfqa
式中,a为链条的中心距;f '为链条的悬垂度;Kf为系数,可以根据两轮中心连线与水平线的夹角(松边倾斜角)δ表2中选取。
松边倾斜角δ的变化会影响悬索张力Fs的大小,从而引起速度的波动。
链传动系统动力学模型是一个多自由度微分方程。本文采用模态叠加法对其进行求解,即通过坐标变换{x}={q},将物理坐标{x}转换到模态空间下的坐标{q}{q}={q1q1q107}。模态空间下的系统振动微分方程为
mi'q¨i+kqi=fpii=1,2,,107
式中,fpi为模态空间下的广义力。式(5)的解为
qi(t)=qi(0)cosωnit+qi0ωnisinωnit+1ωni040fpiτsinωni(t-τ)dτi=1,2,,107
式中,ωni为系统的固有频率,ωni=k/mit为时间,此处取0~40 s;qi(0)为初始时刻qi的值。
根据输送链系统实际工况,链条型号为ISO 20A-1,设置其初速度为1.2 m/min,主从动链轮齿数均为20,且链传动的前6个节点无货物运输,无工作载荷,输送链从第7个节点到第106个节点运输的货物质量均为7.5 kg,设定仿真时间为40 s,仿真步数为4 000。利用Matlab软件仿真平台,考虑松边悬垂度和摩擦因数的影响,得到了第6(主动轮端)、第50(中间节点)和第100(从动轮端)节点处链节的运动速度,其速度变化如图5所示。
图5可知,第6节点处的速度波动幅值为0.03 m/s,第50节点和第100节点处的速度波动幅值均为0.024 m/s。由此可见,低速重载输送链传动在主动轮端的速度波动幅度大于从动轮端。
为了考察链传动松边悬垂度对链传动速度变化的影响规律,本文对从动轮端链条斜度(松边倾斜角)δ分别为40°和90°时的链节速度变化进行比较,速度波动幅值的仿真结果如图6所示。由图6可知,松边倾斜角δ=40°时,输送链主动轮端节点、中间节点、从动轮端节点的速度波动分别为0.023 6、0.019 6、0.019 0 m/s;松边倾斜角δ=90°时,输送链主动轮端节点、中间节点、从动轮端节点的速度波动分别为0.016 8、0.013 4、0.014 1 m/s;相比松边倾斜角δ=40°,δ=90°时整个输送链的速度波动幅度减小,主要原因是松边张力Fs的变化幅度减小。因此,对于低速重载输送链传动,从动轮端链条垂直布置可提高输送链传动的平稳性,有益于减少材料“水波纹”现象的产生。
链条与支撑之间的摩擦也是影响链传动平稳性的因素之一。为了探讨摩擦因数对链传动速度变化的影响,本文分别取摩擦因数f为0.04和0.07两种工况,通过仿真分析得到输送链传动第6节点(主动轮端)的速度变化情况,结果如图7所示。由图7可知,链轮以一定速度转动,当摩擦因数较大时,链节的速度波动幅度较大,其最大幅值达到了0.036 m/s,链传动存在明显的爬行现象;当减小输送链与导轨间的摩擦因数后,链节的速度波动幅度变小,其最大幅值仅为0.026 m/s。因此,减小支撑件与输送链之间的摩擦因数,可以有效降低速度波动幅度,从而减少爬行现象的产生,使输送链传动系统的平稳性提高,从而在一定程度上减少材料“水波纹”现象的出现。
针对滚子输送链传动过程中常见的由速度波动导致爬行现象出现这一问题,建立了链传动动力学模型,并运用模态叠加法,对滚子输送链传动的动力学方程进行了仿真求解,得出以下结论:
1)当松边轮布置方式采用垂直90°布置时,能够减小松边垂度引起的张力Fs,从而在一定程度上减少爬行现象的发生,提高系统平稳性。
2)在载荷及其他工况一定的条件下,减小支撑件与输送链之间的摩擦因数,可以明显地降低速度波动幅度,减少低速爬行现象的出现,使输送链传动系统的平稳性提高。
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doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.011
  • 接收时间:2024-09-13
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-13
  • 修回日期:2024-11-23
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    湖南科技大学 机电工程学院,湘潭411201
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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