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Objective

A health state assessment method combining deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) and adversarial domain adaptation (ADA) was proposed to address the problems of vibration signal noise interference and inconsistent data distribution under different working conditions in the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling bearings, so as to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of RUL prediction.

Methods

Firstly, a health state assessment model combining deep residual shrinkage network and adversarial domain adaptation was constructed. The performance of DRSN in avoiding noise in vibration signals and adaptively extracting bearing degradation features was utilized to build the health indicator curve. Then, ADA was used to align the distribution of health indicators between the test set and the training set, so as to eliminate the difference in data distribution under different working conditions. Finally, the health indicators output by the DRSN-ADA model were input into the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) network model, and the accurate RUL prediction of rolling bearings was realized.

Results

In the XJTU-SY dataset and engineering tests, the health indicators constructed by DRSN-ADA are superior to the comparison methods in monotonicity, robustness and correlation, with their mean values reaching 0.61, 0.97 and 0.98 respectively. The mean values of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the RUL prediction results are 2.52% and 2.19% respectively, and the average score is 0.86, which is significantly better than the DRN, principal component analysis and root mean square (RMS) methods. These results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in noise suppression and cross-working condition prediction.

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目的

针对滚动轴承剩余寿命预测中存在的振动信号噪声干扰及不同工况下数据分布偏移问题,提出一种结合深度残差收缩网络(Deep Residual Shrinkage Network, DRSN)与对抗式领域自适应(Adversarial Domain Adaptation, ADA)的健康状态评估方法,以提高寿命预测的精度与泛化能力。

方法

首先,构建了深度残差收缩网络和对抗式领域自适应健康状态评估模型,并利用DRSN可以规避振动信号中的噪声并自适应提取轴承退化特征的性能,构建了健康指标曲线;其次,利用ADA使测试集健康指标和训练集健康指标分布对齐;最后,将DRSN-ADA模型输出的健康指标输入到卷积长短时记忆(Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory, ConvLSTM)网络模型中,实现了剩余寿命预测。

结果

结果表明,在XJTU-SY数据集及工程试验中,DRSN-ADA所构建的健康指标在单调性、鲁棒性和关联性上均优于对比方法,其均值分别达0.61、0.97与0.98;寿命预测结果的均方误差与平均绝对误差均值分别为2.52%与2.19%,平均得分为0.86,显著优于ResNet、主成分分析及均方根方法,验证了该方法在噪声抑制与跨工况预测方面的有效性。

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王恒迪,男,1974年生,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为滚动轴承故障诊断与智能系统;

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王恒迪,男,1974年生,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为滚动轴承故障诊断与智能系统;

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王恒迪,男,1974年生,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为滚动轴承故障诊断与智能系统;

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articleId=1263881618599568179, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Parameters of the DRSN

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结构参数输出
输入2 560×1
卷积层(3×3,2,32)1 280×32
残差收缩模块1 3×3,2,323×3,1,32×2320×32
残差收缩模块2 3×3,2,643×3,1,64×280×64
残差收缩模块3 3×3,2,1283×3,1,128×220×128
残差收缩模块4 3×3,2,2563×3,1,256×25×256
全局均值池化1×1
输出1×1
), ArticleFig(id=1263881694843625840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881618599568179, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DRSN参数

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结构参数输出
输入2 560×1
卷积层(3×3,2,32)1 280×32
残差收缩模块1 3×3,2,323×3,1,32×2320×32
残差收缩模块2 3×3,2,643×3,1,64×280×64
残差收缩模块3 3×3,2,1283×3,1,128×220×128
残差收缩模块4 3×3,2,2563×3,1,256×25×256
全局均值池化1×1
输出1×1
), ArticleFig(id=1263881695183364467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881618599568179, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Description of rolling bearing datasets

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工况编号转速/(r/min)径向力/kN轴承序号
12 10012轴承1-1~轴承1-5
22 25011轴承2-1~轴承2-5
32 40010轴承3-1~轴承3-5
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滚动轴承数据集描述

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工况编号转速/(r/min)径向力/kN轴承序号
12 10012轴承1-1~轴承1-5
22 25011轴承2-1~轴承2-5
32 40010轴承3-1~轴承3-5
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Comparison and analysis of the health indicator performance

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测试轴承DRSN-ADAResNet均方根PCA
IMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorr
1-30.490.950.990.320.910.990.070.870.630.020.740.17
1-40.730.960.980.670.920.970.310.860.470.130.720.09
1-50.510.980.980.420.940.960.180.840.410.070.810.11
2-30.590.970.990.580.920.960.090.820.130.030.790.21
2-40.640.990.990.440.930.970.150.870.240.090.730.15
2-50.670.960.970.600.890.960.090.830.370.030.800.10
3-30.720.990.980.590.910.980.230.850.420.150.770.03
3-40.610.980.990.430.930.970.130.860.390.140.760.16
3-50.530.970.980.380.930.960.110.810.250.070.770.08
均值0.610.970.980.490.920.960.150.840.370.080.760.12
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健康指标性能对比与分析

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测试轴承DRSN-ADAResNet均方根PCA
IMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorrIMonoIRobICorr
1-30.490.950.990.320.910.990.070.870.630.020.740.17
1-40.730.960.980.670.920.970.310.860.470.130.720.09
1-50.510.980.980.420.940.960.180.840.410.070.810.11
2-30.590.970.990.580.920.960.090.820.130.030.790.21
2-40.640.990.990.440.930.970.150.870.240.090.730.15
2-50.670.960.970.600.890.960.090.830.370.030.800.10
3-30.720.990.980.590.910.980.230.850.420.150.770.03
3-40.610.980.990.430.930.970.130.860.390.140.760.16
3-50.530.970.980.380.930.960.110.810.250.070.770.08
均值0.610.970.980.490.920.960.150.840.370.080.760.12
), ArticleFig(id=1263881698350064002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881618599568179, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of remaining useful life prediction results for different health indicators

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测试轴承DRSN-ADAResNetPCA
RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分
1-32.792.361.0510.539.65-6.6913.5212.26-15.07
1-42.662.451.14.433.09-2.2111.3810.51-13.78
1-51.981.760.9213.6410.84-5.2264.7713.94-11.87
2-32.081.770.94.864.250.0412.2932.24-41.33
2-43.232.811.137.515.220.4352.4728.28-4.51
2-53.53.221.0118.3416.04-15.1349.524.38-25.9
3-32.942.270.993.572.860.5940.639.15-6.34
3-41.781.551.1512.1611.860.5726.238.01-2.39
3-51.751.551.166.966.051.3214.3310.51-4.89
均值2.522.190.863.623.150.756.505.87-0.75
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不同健康指标剩余寿命预测结果对比

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测试轴承DRSN-ADAResNetPCA
RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分
1-32.792.361.0510.539.65-6.6913.5212.26-15.07
1-42.662.451.14.433.09-2.2111.3810.51-13.78
1-51.981.760.9213.6410.84-5.2264.7713.94-11.87
2-32.081.770.94.864.250.0412.2932.24-41.33
2-43.232.811.137.515.220.4352.4728.28-4.51
2-53.53.221.0118.3416.04-15.1349.524.38-25.9
3-32.942.270.993.572.860.5940.639.15-6.34
3-41.781.551.1512.1611.860.5726.238.01-2.39
3-51.751.551.166.966.051.3214.3310.51-4.89
均值2.522.190.863.623.150.756.505.87-0.75
), ArticleFig(id=1263881698983403912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881618599568179, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Remaining useful life prediction results of the test bearing test set

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模型名称RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分
DRSN-ADA7.819.520.77
ResNet13.6117.480.64
均方根值26.5330.09-0.86
), ArticleFig(id=1263881699398640012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881618599568179, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试验轴承测试集剩余寿命预测结果

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模型名称RRMSE/%MMAE/%得分
DRSN-ADA7.819.520.77
ResNet13.6117.480.64
均方根值26.5330.09-0.86
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基于DRSN-ADA的滚动轴承寿命预测方法
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王恒迪 1 , 陈鹏 1 , 王豪馗 1 , 吴升德 2 , 马盈丰 3
机械传动 | 开发应用 2026,50(1): 184-191
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机械传动 | 开发应用 2026, 50(1): 184-191
基于DRSN-ADA的滚动轴承寿命预测方法
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王恒迪1 , 陈鹏1, 王豪馗1, 吴升德2, 马盈丰3
作者信息
  • 1.河南科技大学 机电工程学院,洛阳471003
  • 2.盐城市质量技术监督综合检验检测中心,盐城224000
  • 3.宁波中亿智能股份有限公司,宁波315701
  • 王恒迪,男,1974年生,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为滚动轴承故障诊断与智能系统;

Life prediction method of rolling bearings based on DRSN-ADA
Hengdi WANG1 , Peng CHEN1, Haokui WANG1, Shengde WU2, Yingfeng MA3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471003, China
  • 2.Yancheng Quality Technical Supervision Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Yancheng224000, China
  • 3.Ningbo Zhongyi Intelligent Co., Ltd., Ningbo315701, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.022
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目的

针对滚动轴承剩余寿命预测中存在的振动信号噪声干扰及不同工况下数据分布偏移问题,提出一种结合深度残差收缩网络(Deep Residual Shrinkage Network, DRSN)与对抗式领域自适应(Adversarial Domain Adaptation, ADA)的健康状态评估方法,以提高寿命预测的精度与泛化能力。

方法

首先,构建了深度残差收缩网络和对抗式领域自适应健康状态评估模型,并利用DRSN可以规避振动信号中的噪声并自适应提取轴承退化特征的性能,构建了健康指标曲线;其次,利用ADA使测试集健康指标和训练集健康指标分布对齐;最后,将DRSN-ADA模型输出的健康指标输入到卷积长短时记忆(Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory, ConvLSTM)网络模型中,实现了剩余寿命预测。

结果

结果表明,在XJTU-SY数据集及工程试验中,DRSN-ADA所构建的健康指标在单调性、鲁棒性和关联性上均优于对比方法,其均值分别达0.61、0.97与0.98;寿命预测结果的均方误差与平均绝对误差均值分别为2.52%与2.19%,平均得分为0.86,显著优于ResNet、主成分分析及均方根方法,验证了该方法在噪声抑制与跨工况预测方面的有效性。

滚动轴承  /  深度残差收缩网络  /  对抗式领域自适应  /  健康指标  /  寿命预测
Objective

A health state assessment method combining deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN) and adversarial domain adaptation (ADA) was proposed to address the problems of vibration signal noise interference and inconsistent data distribution under different working conditions in the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling bearings, so as to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of RUL prediction.

Methods

Firstly, a health state assessment model combining deep residual shrinkage network and adversarial domain adaptation was constructed. The performance of DRSN in avoiding noise in vibration signals and adaptively extracting bearing degradation features was utilized to build the health indicator curve. Then, ADA was used to align the distribution of health indicators between the test set and the training set, so as to eliminate the difference in data distribution under different working conditions. Finally, the health indicators output by the DRSN-ADA model were input into the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) network model, and the accurate RUL prediction of rolling bearings was realized.

Results

In the XJTU-SY dataset and engineering tests, the health indicators constructed by DRSN-ADA are superior to the comparison methods in monotonicity, robustness and correlation, with their mean values reaching 0.61, 0.97 and 0.98 respectively. The mean values of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the RUL prediction results are 2.52% and 2.19% respectively, and the average score is 0.86, which is significantly better than the DRN, principal component analysis and root mean square (RMS) methods. These results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in noise suppression and cross-working condition prediction.

Rolling bearing  /  Deep residual shrinkage network  /  Adversarial domain adaptation  /  Health indicator  /  Life prediction (编辑:李凯阳)
王恒迪, 陈鹏, 王豪馗, 吴升德, 马盈丰. 基于DRSN-ADA的滚动轴承寿命预测方法. 机械传动, 2026 , 50 (1) : 184 -191 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.022
Hengdi WANG, Peng CHEN, Haokui WANG, Shengde WU, Yingfeng MA. Life prediction method of rolling bearings based on DRSN-ADA[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2026 , 50 (1) : 184 -191 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.022
滚动轴承是机械设备中的关键基础元件,其运行状态直接关系到整机设备的可靠性与稳定性。开展滚动轴承剩余寿命(Remaining Useful Life, RUL)预测研究,有助于避免因过早维修或更换造成的资源浪费,同时通过提前预知,可有效规避突发故障与意外停机问题[1]。目前,设备剩余寿命预测方法主要分为基于物理模型与基于数据驱动两类[2]。基于物理模型的方法综合考虑外部环境、工作条件及负载变化对寿命的影响,构建描述设备运行状态与寿命消耗过程的数学模型,进而实现寿命预测。然而,该类模型的精度与可靠性严重依赖于材料特性及实际工况参数的准确性,当参数存在不确定性或难以获取时,将显著影响其预测性能。相比之下,基于数据驱动的方法从传感器采集的历史监测数据出发,运用统计学与机器学习等技术对设备的退化特征进行建模,无须深入探究复杂的失效机制,即可有效挖掘数据中蕴含的潜在特征。该方法具备使用简便、模型通用性强等优势,在实际工程中表现出较高的实用性与适用性。因此,本文选用基于数据驱动的设备剩余寿命预测方法作为研究方向。
滚动轴承剩余寿命预测中的核心环节在于构建能够有效表征轴承退化趋势的健康指标及建立可准确预估其剩余使用寿命的预测模型[3]。文井辉等[4]1877-1888将原始振动数据的峰值和均方根值作为评价轴承运转状态的指标。GEBRAEEL等[5]研究了轴承故障频率的谐波振幅,并以此为健康评价指标。孟文俊等[6]使用主成分分析(Principal Componemt Analysis, PCA)融合特征集,实现了特征集的降维,将降维的特征集作为轴承性能的退化指标。黄大荣等[7]以线性判别分析(Linear Discriminant Analysis, LDA)为手段实现了特征降维。LIAO等[8]使用自组织映射(Self-Organizing Map, SOM)网络方法构建了健康指标曲线。GUO等[9]创建了一种卷积神经网络模型,该模型可以创建健康评价指标。WU等[10]利用ResNet模型提取了一维振动信号特征,完成了健康指标构建。文井辉等[4]1877-1888利用深度残差收缩网络(Deep Residual Shrinkage Network, DRSN)消除噪声的影响,自适应提取退化特征,建立健康指标。由于滚动轴承工况不同,轴承训练集数据和测试集数据分布存在偏差,这会使得寿命预测精度下降。基于此,郭伟等[11]将生成式对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network, GAN)应用到学习训练数据的分布上,以此生成和训练数据分布相似的测试数据。陈维兴等[12]215-216利用生成式对抗网络生成故障数据,将故障数据和真实数据混合,并将混合数据作为训练集,最后利用卷积长短时记忆(Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory, ConvLSTM)网络模型通过训练实现了航空发动机的寿命预测。迁移学习下的领域自适应方法可以减弱源域和目标域数据结构的差异,增强模型在目标域上的泛化能力。ZHANG等[13]利用域适应方法,调整目标域在源域上的训练数据关系,实现寿命预测。孙通[14]15-17使用对抗式领域自适应(Adversarial Domain Adaptation, ADA)和双向长短时记忆网络(Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory, BILSTM)构建了健康状态评估模型,解决了源域和目标域数据分布差异的问题,增强了寿命预测模型的泛化能力。
针对因信号噪声干扰难以构建健康指标、因工况不同导致测试集和训练集数据分布出现偏移的问题,本文构建了DRSN-ADA健康状态评估模型,利用DRSN排除噪声干扰,自适应提取轴承退化特征,构建健康指标曲线;利用ADA使测试集健康指标和训练集健康指标分布对齐;最后,将健康指标输入到ConvLSTM中,实现了剩余寿命预测。
为增强深度残差网络(Deep Residual Network, DRN)从高噪声振动信号中提取特征信号的能力,DRSN在ResNet的整体结构不变的情况下,对ResNet里的模块进行改进,并将其命名为残差收缩模块(Residual Shrinkage Building Unit, RSBU)。RSBU作为DRSN中的核心组成部分,通过引入软阈值化和自适应阈值设置的机制,显著增强了深度残差网络在处理高噪声振动信号时的能力和特征提取能力。图1为RSBU结构图,图2为DRSN的整体结构示意图。
图1中,K为卷积层中卷积核的个数;C为通道数;W为信号长度尺寸;M为全连接层神经元的个数。
ADA借鉴GAN的对抗训练机制,将其引入领域自适应(Domain Adaptation, DA)任务中,旨在解决模型训练所用源域数据与实际应用目标域数据之间存在分布差异的问题。图3为ADA的结构图。
ADA的训练流程包含域判别器训练和目标域特征提取器训练两个阶段。域判别器训练的目的在于区分特征来源。域判别器将接收到的特征数据作为输入,然后输出一个域标签(源域或目标域)的概率[14]15-17。目标域特征提取器的训练目的是通过混淆最佳域判别器的判断,实现目标域特征提取器的优化,从而使目标域的特征数据分布和源域的特征数据分布相似。这两个阶段宗旨就是通过对抗性训练来实现域适应,即将源域和目标域的数据分布对齐,以便在目标域上实现良好的泛化能力。
卷积长短时记忆网络在传统长短时记忆网络的循环结构中引入卷积运算,有效融合了卷积神经网络在时空特征提取方面的优势[12]213图4为ConvLSTM模型结构示意图。
ConvLSTM包含许多门控单元。其中,遗忘门ft、输入门it、输出门ot、细胞信息ct、输出ht的计算式[15]分别为
ft=σ(Wf*[ht-1,xt]+bf)
it=σ(Wi*[ht-1,xt]+bi)
ot=σ(Wo*[ht-1,xt]+bo)
ct̃=tanh(Wc*[ht-1,xt]+bc)
ct=ftct-1+itc˜t
ht=ottanhct
式中,WfWiWoWc分别为各门控单元卷积计算中的卷积核;bfbibobc分别为各门控单元卷积计算中的偏置矩阵;σ为sigmoid函数;*为卷积运算;xt为当前时间点的输入;ht为当前时间点的输出;ht-1为上个时间点的输出;c˜t为当前层的输出;⊙为矩阵逐元素相乘运算。
基于DRSN-ADA健康状态评估方法,结合DRSN和ADA优点,利用DRSN能够处理振动信号中噪声的能力,自适应提取轴承退化特征,构建了能代表轴承退化特征的健康指标曲线;利用ADA不断训练域判别器与目标域特征提取器,使测试集健康指标和训练集健康指标分布对齐。模型整体结构如图5所示。
DRSN-ADA模型整体流程如下所述。
1)针对原始信号划分训练集和测试集,并将其输入到DRSN进行模型训练。
2)输入训练集振动信号,将训练好的DRSN作为源域特征提取器,提取训练集振动数据中的特征,利用DRSN的特性实现对训练集健康指标的构建。
3)将训练好的DRSN作为目标域特征提取器,提取测试集振动数据中的特征,构建测试集健康指标。
4)固定目标域特征提取器,训练域判别器,使域判别器能正确区分健康指标是来自源域还是目标域。
5)固定已经训练好的域判别器,训练目标域特征提取器,使目标域特征提取器提取的健康指标与源域的健康指标对齐,即实现测试集健康指标与训练集健康指标的分布对齐。
6)输出训练好的测试集健康指标。
综合考量试验效果和时间,DRSN选用8个残差收缩模块,采用3×3大小的卷积核,卷积核个数为32,步长为2。DRSN参数如表1所示。
XJTU-SY轴承数据集包含3类工况,每类工况5套轴承,共计15套轴承数据。试验轴承型号为LDK UER204,轴承损伤特征包括内圈磨损、外圈磨损、外圈裂损、保持架断裂等。当轴承水平或竖直方向振动信号的最大幅值超过10×AhAh为轴承在正常运行阶段的最大幅值)时,认为轴承已经完全失效,并将此作为轴承寿命终结依据。将每种工况下的前2套轴承作为训练集,后3套轴承作为测试集。数据集工况及轴承序号如表2所示。振动信号由平台上两个水平和垂直方向的振动传感器采集。试验中,传感器设置的采样频率为25.6 kHz,每间隔1 min进行1次采样,每次采样时间设置为1.28 s[16]
滚动轴承的退化趋势具有时变性,单一的特征评价指标往往无法反映特征综合表现。通常,好的特征的单调性、鲁棒性、关联性都比较好。为更好地表示轴承的退化趋势,本文以单调性、鲁棒性和关联性为标准,对健康评价指标进行评估。其中,由于轴承的退化过程是不可逆的,用单调性(IMono)来评价健康指标的单调上升和下降趋势;由于振动信号中带有噪声,用鲁棒性(IRob)评价健康指标对噪声这种异常值的抵抗能力;而关联性(ICorr)代表特征与原始信号的相关程度,在一定程度上反映特征对异常信号的敏感能力。3个评价指标表达式分别为
IMono(X)=|Num.(dxdt>0)-Num.(dxdt<0)|/K-1
ICorr(X)=|Kk=1Kxktk-(k=1Kxk)(k=1Ktk)|[Kk=1Kxk2-(k=1Kxk)2][Kk=1Ktk2-(k=1Ktk)2]
IRob(X)=[k=1Kexp(-|xk-X¯X¯|)]/K
式中,健康指标X=[x1x2,…,xK];xk为健康指标序列中第k个采样点的具体数值;tk为时间序列中第k个采样点的具体时间;K为采样点总数;X¯为健康指标序列的整体均值。
本文采用均方误差(RRMSE)、平均绝对误差(MMAE)和IEEE PHM2012挑战赛设定的平均得分SScore[17]这3项评价指标作为模型预测结果的最终评价指标。在均方误差数值和平均绝对误差数值越小、平均得分越高的情况下,模型的预测效果越好。
RRMSE=1Ni=1Ndi2
MMAE=1Ni=1Ndi
SScore=1Ni=1NAi
Ai=e-ln(0.5)(Eri/5), Eri0e+ln(0.5)(Eri/20), Eri>0
式中,di为实际值和预测值的差,di=y-y^Eri=(di/y)×100%,当di>0时为滞后预测,当di0为超前预测。超前预测有利于设备维护,滞后预测会导致轴承在使用阶段出现故障。
将XJTU-SY数据集中的训练集作为源域数据输入到DRSN-ADA模型中,将其测试集作为目标域数据输入到DRSN-ADA模型中,利用DRSN-ADA模型的特性,使测试集最终输出的健康指标与训练集的健康指标在数据分布上对齐,从而实现训练集健康指标的提取。为了直观体现DRSN-ADA模型优势,将其和ResNet模型输出的健康指标、PCA降维融合的健康指标、均方根值做对比。图6所示为轴承1-4和轴承2-5的4种健康指标曲线。由图6可知,DRSN-ADA模型提取健康指标的单调性较强。为进一步对比健康指标性能,依照第3.2节的健康评价标准进行分析。
表3所示为不同模型提取的健康指标在单调性、鲁棒性和关联性上的对比结果。由表3可知,DRSN-ADA模型输出的健康指标的单调性、鲁棒性和关联性的均值分别为0.61、0.97、0.98,均高于其他类型的健康指标。因此,DRSN-ADA模型输出的健康指标的单调性、鲁棒性和关联性更好。
为了验证DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标对轴承寿命预测的优势,将DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标、ResNet模型提取到的健康指标和均方根值这3种健康指标输入到ConvLSTM模型中进行对比。图7所示为不同健康指标对轴承1-4进行的寿命预测结果。由图7可知,DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标的剩余寿命预测结果相较于对比模型更接近真实值。
表4所示为3种健康指标对测试集进行寿命预测的评价指标。由表4可知,DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标在寿命预测上的均方误差和平均绝对误差均值分别为2.52%、2.19%,均低于另外两种模型提取到的健康指标;平均得分为0.86,为3种模型的最高得分。试验结果说明,DRSN-ADA健康指标的寿命预测效果更好。
为了进一步验证本文提出的预测方法的可行性与有效性,采用6203型轴承在寿命试验机上进行验证。该试验机采集3路温度信号、3路载荷信号,从水平方向和垂直方向采集轴承原始振动信号,输出2路模拟信号。振动传感器采样频率为25.6 kHz,每次采样时间为1.28 s,每间隔1 min进行1次采样。试验机如图8所示。
工程试验寿命预测流程遵照DRSN-ADA寿命预测方法,试验中采集的轴承数据均为全寿命数据集。选用6套6203型轴承作为试验轴承,将前2套轴承全寿命数据作为训练集,后4套轴承全寿命数据作为测试集。将DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标、ResNet模型提取得到的健康指标和均方根值这3种健康指标输入到ConvLSTM模型中进行对比。图9所示为第4套试验轴承的3种健康指标在ConvLSTM模型下的预测效果。由图9可知,DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标的预测效果更接近真实值。
表5所示为试验轴承测试集的剩余寿命预测结果误差和平均得分。由表5可知,利用DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标在寿命预测上的均方误差和绝对误差均值分别为7.81%、9.52%,均低于另外两种模型提取到的健康指标;平均得分为0.77,为3种模型的最高得分。工程试验结果说明,基于DRSN-ADA提取到的健康指标在寿命预测上的效果更好。
提出一种基于DRSN-ADA的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。利用DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标,解决了原始信号中噪声的干扰,也解决了不同工况下健康指标分布出现偏移的问题。利用XJTU-SY数据集和工程试验进行了验证。得出以下结论:
1)基于DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标在单调性、鲁棒性和关联性上均优于从ResNet网络、PCA降维融合、均方根值提取到的健康指标。
2)将不同模型提取到的健康指标输入到ConvLSTM网络模型中,基于DRSN-ADA模型提取到的健康指标在寿命预测上的均方误差和平均绝对误差最小,平均得分最高。这说明基于DRSN-ADA提取到的健康指标预测效果更好。
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2026年第50卷第1期
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doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.022
  • 接收时间:2024-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-22
  • 修回日期:2024-12-01
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    1.河南科技大学 机电工程学院,洛阳471003
    2.盐城市质量技术监督综合检验检测中心,盐城224000
    3.宁波中亿智能股份有限公司,宁波315701
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