Article(id=1263881612664648359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779262458243, onlineDateStr=2026-05-20, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779262458243, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779262458243, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1779262458243, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1263881604263437054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, year='2026', volume='50', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='191', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779262456241, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1779263107607, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1263884336399528882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1263884336403723187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, issueId=1263881604263437054, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1263881615206396586, articleId=1263881612664648359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, language=EN, title=Calculation of magnetic field categorization of double ring-plate magnetic gears and the effect of ring-plate spacing on performance, columnId=1263881611804795649, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Transmission, columnName=Special Topic of Magnetic Transmission, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To accurately and efficiently analyze the magnetic and dynamic characteristics of multishaft double ring-plate magnetic gears (MDRMGs), improve the working conditions of CPMG arm bearings, and extend their service life, a multishaft double-ring magnetic gear transmission structure was designed by combining magnetic gears with mechanical ring-plate gears.

Methods

A magnetic field unit classification method was proposed, and then a mathematical model for air-gap magnetic field and static torque was established, which was efficient and took the end leakage magnetic effect into account. Meanwhile, based on the Riccati transfer matrix method, a dynamic model of the eccentric shaft rotor system of MDRMG was constructed.

Results

A comparison between the magnetic field unit classification method and the finite element method shows that the results of magnetic flux density and magnetic force obtained by the two methods are highly consistent, but the calculation time of the magnetic field unit classification method is shorter. The analysis also reveals that changes in the ring-plate spacing affect the classification calculation of magnetic field units and the lumped parameters in the dynamic model, the static magnetic torque of MDRMG increases with the increase of ring-plate spacing, while the critical speed of the eccentric shaft decreases as the ring-plate spacing increases. The magnetic field unit classification method can efficiently and accurately analyze the air-gap magnetic field and torque characteristics of MDRMG. In addition, the ring-plate spacing has a certain impact on the magnetic field and dynamic performance of MDRMGs.

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目的

为准确高效地分析多轴双环磁力齿轮(Multishaft Double Ring-Plate Magnetic Gears, MDRMGs)的磁力与动力学特性,改善摆线式磁力齿轮(Cycloidal Permanent Magnetic Gear, CPMG)转臂轴承工况并延长使用寿命,将磁力齿轮与机械式环板齿轮相结合,设计了一种多轴双环磁力齿轮传动结构。

方法

提出一种磁场单元归类法,进而建立了高效且计及端部漏磁效应的气隙磁场及静态转矩数理模型;同时,基于Riccati传递矩阵法,建立了MDRMG偏心轴转子系统动力学模型。

结果

将磁场单元归类法与有限元法进行对比,发现二者所得的磁密度及磁力结果高度一致,但磁场单元归类法的计算耗时更短;分析还发现,环板间距的变化会影响磁场单元的归类计算及动力学模型中的集总参数,使得MDRMG的静态磁力转矩随环板间距的增加而增加,偏心轴的临界转速随环板间距的增加而减小。磁场单元归类法能够高效且准确地分析MDRMG的气隙磁场及转矩特性;同时,环板间距对MDRMGs的磁场和动力学性能有一定影响。

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孙凤,男,1978年生,辽宁阜新人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械系统多元驱动及其控制技术;sunfeng@sut.edu.cn。
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于家琦,男,1999年生,辽宁朝阳人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为磁力传动与驱动;

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于家琦,男,1999年生,辽宁朝阳人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为磁力传动与驱动;

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Rotor dynamics design of rotating machinery[M]. 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journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison curves of the radial and tangential magnetic density between the theoretical calculation and the finite element, figureFileSmall=Vz7mFRSvn5ADO6IZBgTzBA==, figureFileBig=pWHQsz+jvi53mK9a+wldAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263881730742694222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=CN, label=图9, caption=径向及切向磁密度理论计算与有限元对比曲线, figureFileSmall=Vz7mFRSvn5ADO6IZBgTzBA==, figureFileBig=pWHQsz+jvi53mK9a+wldAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263881735129936217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Curves of the relation between the radial and tangential magnetic density and the axial coordinate, figureFileSmall=0BeE43H4mSeLWrDfQHq3MQ==, figureFileBig=7irF5udZeLVIXj6rOe4+Dg==, tableContent=null), 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caption=MDRMG固有频率与环板间距关系曲线, figureFileSmall=/PiT4siSI5Vpn0yk+U8uGg==, figureFileBig=TroZmPYGKnEOiHgB0NGb8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263881749122134452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Parameters of the MDRMG model

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模型参数数值
中心永磁体磁极对数Pa25
环板永磁体磁极对数Pp26
环板永磁体外半径Rp2/mm80
环板永磁体内半径Rp1/mm75
中心永磁体外半径Ra2/mm71
中心永磁体内半径Ra1/mm66
中心与环板永磁圈偏心距e/mm3
环板永磁体轴向长度Lp/mm30
中心永磁体轴向长度La/mm70
环板间距L'/mm10
传动比iap-1/25
永磁圈间最小气隙长度Lg/mm1
), ArticleFig(id=1263881751068291513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MDRMG模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数数值
中心永磁体磁极对数Pa25
环板永磁体磁极对数Pp26
环板永磁体外半径Rp2/mm80
环板永磁体内半径Rp1/mm75
中心永磁体外半径Ra2/mm71
中心永磁体内半径Ra1/mm66
中心与环板永磁圈偏心距e/mm3
环板永磁体轴向长度Lp/mm30
中心永磁体轴向长度La/mm70
环板间距L'/mm10
传动比iap-1/25
永磁圈间最小气隙长度Lg/mm1
), ArticleFig(id=1263881751986844101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Discrete lumped parameters of the partial rotor

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编号长度/mm截面矩/mm4质量/g极转动惯量/(kg·mm2
112.501 017.875.550.62
212.501 017.8711.101.25
……
3101 017.875.550.62
), ArticleFig(id=1263881755333898697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

部分转子离散集总化参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号长度/mm截面矩/mm4质量/g极转动惯量/(kg·mm2
112.501 017.875.550.62
212.501 017.8711.101.25
……
3101 017.875.550.62
), ArticleFig(id=1263881755870769617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of the theoretical calculation and the finite element simulation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数理论计算/(rad/s)有限元仿真/(rad/s)相对误差/%
14274172.3
21 5651 6002.2
32 2122 4108.2
), ArticleFig(id=1263881756210508247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263187878914834467, articleId=1263881612664648359, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

理论计算与有限元仿真结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数理论计算/(rad/s)有限元仿真/(rad/s)相对误差/%
14274172.3
21 5651 6002.2
32 2122 4108.2
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双环磁力齿轮磁场归类计算及环板间距影响分析
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于家琦 , 刘东宁 , 孙凤 , 赵芳 , 赵川 , 赵海宁 , 徐方超 , 李思奇
机械传动 | 磁传动专题 2026,50(1): 77-86
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机械传动 | 磁传动专题 2026, 50(1): 77-86
双环磁力齿轮磁场归类计算及环板间距影响分析
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于家琦 , 刘东宁, 孙凤, 赵芳, 赵川, 赵海宁, 徐方超, 李思奇
作者信息
  • 沈阳工业大学 机械工程学院,沈阳110870
  • 于家琦,男,1999年生,辽宁朝阳人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为磁力传动与驱动;

通讯作者:

孙凤,男,1978年生,辽宁阜新人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械系统多元驱动及其控制技术;sunfeng@sut.edu.cn。
Calculation of magnetic field categorization of double ring-plate magnetic gears and the effect of ring-plate spacing on performance
Jiaqi YU , Dongning LIU, Feng SUN, Fang ZHAO, Chuan ZHAO, Haining ZHAO, Fangchao XU, Siqi LI
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang110870, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.010
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目的

为准确高效地分析多轴双环磁力齿轮(Multishaft Double Ring-Plate Magnetic Gears, MDRMGs)的磁力与动力学特性,改善摆线式磁力齿轮(Cycloidal Permanent Magnetic Gear, CPMG)转臂轴承工况并延长使用寿命,将磁力齿轮与机械式环板齿轮相结合,设计了一种多轴双环磁力齿轮传动结构。

方法

提出一种磁场单元归类法,进而建立了高效且计及端部漏磁效应的气隙磁场及静态转矩数理模型;同时,基于Riccati传递矩阵法,建立了MDRMG偏心轴转子系统动力学模型。

结果

将磁场单元归类法与有限元法进行对比,发现二者所得的磁密度及磁力结果高度一致,但磁场单元归类法的计算耗时更短;分析还发现,环板间距的变化会影响磁场单元的归类计算及动力学模型中的集总参数,使得MDRMG的静态磁力转矩随环板间距的增加而增加,偏心轴的临界转速随环板间距的增加而减小。磁场单元归类法能够高效且准确地分析MDRMG的气隙磁场及转矩特性;同时,环板间距对MDRMGs的磁场和动力学性能有一定影响。

磁力齿轮  /  磁场单元归类法  /  磁力转矩  /  Riccati传递矩阵  /  临界转速
Objective

To accurately and efficiently analyze the magnetic and dynamic characteristics of multishaft double ring-plate magnetic gears (MDRMGs), improve the working conditions of CPMG arm bearings, and extend their service life, a multishaft double-ring magnetic gear transmission structure was designed by combining magnetic gears with mechanical ring-plate gears.

Methods

A magnetic field unit classification method was proposed, and then a mathematical model for air-gap magnetic field and static torque was established, which was efficient and took the end leakage magnetic effect into account. Meanwhile, based on the Riccati transfer matrix method, a dynamic model of the eccentric shaft rotor system of MDRMG was constructed.

Results

A comparison between the magnetic field unit classification method and the finite element method shows that the results of magnetic flux density and magnetic force obtained by the two methods are highly consistent, but the calculation time of the magnetic field unit classification method is shorter. The analysis also reveals that changes in the ring-plate spacing affect the classification calculation of magnetic field units and the lumped parameters in the dynamic model, the static magnetic torque of MDRMG increases with the increase of ring-plate spacing, while the critical speed of the eccentric shaft decreases as the ring-plate spacing increases. The magnetic field unit classification method can efficiently and accurately analyze the air-gap magnetic field and torque characteristics of MDRMG. In addition, the ring-plate spacing has a certain impact on the magnetic field and dynamic performance of MDRMGs.

Magnetic gear  /  Magnetic field unit classification method  /  Magnetic torque  /  Riccati transfer matrix  /  Critical speed
于家琦, 刘东宁, 孙凤, 赵芳, 赵川, 赵海宁, 徐方超, 李思奇. 双环磁力齿轮磁场归类计算及环板间距影响分析. 机械传动, 2026 , 50 (1) : 77 -86 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.010
Jiaqi YU, Dongning LIU, Feng SUN, Fang ZHAO, Chuan ZHAO, Haining ZHAO, Fangchao XU, Siqi LI. Calculation of magnetic field categorization of double ring-plate magnetic gears and the effect of ring-plate spacing on performance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2026 , 50 (1) : 77 -86 . DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.010
磁力齿轮将主、从动轮齿不同磁极对数的磁体磁场耦合成气隙磁场[1],可形成输入与输出轴之间的传动比特性[2],具有无接触传动、噪声低、振动小、易维护、无需润滑及过载保护等优点[3-4]
文献[5]首次提出同心式磁力齿轮结构,也称磁场调制型磁力齿轮(Field Modulated Magnetic Gear, FMMG),通过调磁环匹配内、外永磁圈之间的谐波磁场数,可实现高转矩密度及高稳定性运行[6]。文献[7-9]利用子域法与磁标位的结合,建立了FMMG二维数理模型,但求解各子域间的边界条件时忽略了永磁体的端部漏磁,导致其长径比较小时的计算结果与实际结果存在较大偏差(相对误差大于13%)。文献[10-11]利用等效磁网格法建立了FMMG二维及三维磁场和转矩数理模型,但其计算精度依赖网格划分数量,过多的网格数量导致所占用的计算资源较大[12]。另外,FMMG结构特点[13-14]为“三转子两气隙”,且调磁块数量为各磁环磁极对数之和,不仅导致其转矩密度随传动比增加而降低,限制了传动比的提高(传动比小于12),还导致其制造与装配难度均较大。
文献[15]提出一种摆线式磁力齿轮(Cycloidal Permanent Magnetic Gear, CPMG)结构,齿轮运动轨迹的周期性变化形成了时变气隙长度的偏心磁场,可获得比FMMG更高的传动比(大于20)及转矩密度[16]。文献[17]运用边界摄动法对CPMG气隙磁场进行解析计算,但其偏心率较大时的计算结果存在明显误差。文献[18]采用分式线性变换法解析计算CPMG气隙磁场,相比于摄动法,保证了偏心率较大时结果的有效性,但其依然无法进行三维解析计算。文献[19]利用磁矢位建立了计及端部效应的偏心气隙磁场和电磁转矩三维数理模型,虽然其计算结果比二维计算结果更准确,但该模型存在大量的积分运算,占用较大的计算资源。文献[20]利用矢量磁位法建立了二维气隙磁场数理模型,为三轴以上环板磁力齿轮分析提供了思路。另外,CPMG为单层气隙的偏心转子结构[21],该特点使其转臂轴承受较大的不平衡磁拉力,导致其可靠性较低、使用寿命较短。
为改善CPMG转臂轴承工况并延长使用寿命,本文将磁力齿轮与机械式环板齿轮相结合,提出一种多轴双环磁力齿轮(Multishaft Double Ring-Plate Magnetic Gear, MDRMG)传动结构。根据少极差原理,环板与中心永磁圈之间形成相互耦合的偏心气隙磁场,可实现大传动比传动;两片并列布置且互成180°相位角的环板永磁圈,可平衡偏心轴承受的径向磁力与环板惯性力;此外,转臂轴承位于环板外侧,使其设计尺寸容许空间较大,可选择更适合的轴承尺寸,适应不同负载条件,延长其使用寿命。
MDRMG转矩特性主要由气隙磁场分布及其磁密度大小所决定,而环板与中心磁极较小的长径比存在不可忽略的漏磁效应,且二者不同的轴向长度也增加了求解气隙磁场的复杂性。为此,本文提出磁场单元归类法。对环板与中心永磁圈间的磁场及磁力作用进行划分归类,建立了精确且高效的MDRMG三维磁力数理模型;考虑到两环板永磁圈并列布置时,不同环板间距对应不同中心永磁圈轴向长度及两偏心轴段间长度,影响磁场单元的归类计算及偏心轴转子动力学分析的问题,不仅建立了磁力模型,还建立了偏心轴转子系统的动力学模型,分析了环板间距变化对磁力转矩、径向磁力、临界转速及固有频率的影响。
图1所示为MDRMG机械结构。MDRMG主要由中心永磁圈与环板永磁圈两部分构成。其中,中心永磁圈由中心轴、中心轭铁及中心永磁体(磁极对数为Pa)组成;环板永磁圈由ξ个偏心距相等的偏心轴(ξ3)、并列布置且互成180°相位角的环板1与环板2及环板永磁体(磁极对数为Pp)组成。
MDRMG主要结构参数如表1所示。
图2所示为环板1与中心永磁圈之间的位置关系。
图2中,OpOa分别为环板1及中心永磁圈的中心;β为环板1与中心永磁圈在最小气隙处因偏离平衡位置而形成的磁偏角。
设环板永磁圈绕Oa进行公转的角速度为ωp,中心永磁圈绕Oa进行自转的角速度为ωa。根据少齿差行星齿轮传动通式ioap=ωop/ωap=(ωo-ωp)/(ωa-ωp),当环板永磁圈只做圆周平动时,ωo=0,则ioap=1/(1-iap)=Pa/Pp。由此可以推导出,MDRMG中心轴输入转速与偏心轴输出转速的传动比iap
iap=Pa-PpPa=-Pp-PaPa
由式(1)可知,当中心永磁圈绕点Oa以角速度ωa输入时,环板与中心永磁圈形成时变偏心谐波磁场,环板永磁圈在磁力与偏心轴的限位作用下绕点Oa以角速度ωp做平面圆周运动,进而通过转臂轴承实现ξ个偏心轴的同步输出,形成MDRMG的大传动比特性。另外,图1中的环板1、环板2并列布置在偏心轴上,且偏心轴的两个偏心轴段互成180°相位角,使得两片环板所受径向磁力与惯性力相反,可有效地抵消偏心轴因受力而产生的变形,保证偏心轴旋转过程中重心的平衡,提高运行稳定性。
为准确且高效地获得MDRMG气隙磁密度分布及其形成的磁力大小,本文提出一种磁场单元归类法。将环板与中心永磁圈之间不同的磁场作用位置划分为多种类型,求解同一类型的磁荷作用;再将所有类型的磁荷作用进行叠加,以建立计及永磁体端部漏磁效应的三维磁力模型。
图3所示为MDRMG单元划分。图3中,nm分别为环板与中心永磁圈沿轴向等距划分的数量;δ为二者沿圆周方向的等分数量;LpLa分别为环板与中心永磁体的轴向长度,则有La/m=Lp/n
图3Oa为原点建立坐标系Oa-XaYaZa,并设中心永磁圈(内、外)表面单元的径向、圆周及轴向坐标分别为r1(12)θ1(12)z1(12),环板永磁圈(内、外)表面单元的径向、圆周及轴向坐标分别为r2(12)θ2(12)z2(12),则环板与中心永磁圈上的任意表面单元的位置坐标可表示为
z1(12)=Laj1/mz2(12)=Lpj2/nr1(12)=Ra(12)r2(12)=Rp(12)2+e2-2eRp(12)cos(2πk/δ-ωpt)θ1(12)=2πk/δθ2(12)=2πk/δ+arccosRp(12)-ecos(2πk/δ-ωpt)Rp(12)2+e2-2πRp(12)cos(2πk/δ-ωpt)
式中,k=12δj1=12mj2=12n
设点P(riθizi)为MDRMG气隙中心处的任意磁场考察点;r为环板与中心永磁圈任意单元面之间的矢径;R(abk)为点P至任意单元面的矢径;ereθez分别为坐标系Oa-XaYaZa下径向、圆周及轴向的单位矢量,则有
r=[r2(12)-r1(12)]er+[θ2(12)-θ1(12)]eθ+Lpj2/n-Laj1/mez
R(abk)=(ri-rab)er+(θi-θab)eθ+[Lp(j3-j12)/n]ez
式中,j3=12ma=1,2;b=1,2;zi=Lpj3/n
根据磁荷点间的作用磁密度与磁力通式B=qabr/4πμ0|r|3F=q1(12)q2(12)r/(4πμ0|r|3),可获得MDRMG任意单元面至点P处的磁密度b与任意单元面间的磁力f,分别为
b=[qabR(abk)]/4πμ0{rab2(k)+ri2-2rirab(k)cos[θi-θab(k)]+[zi-zab(j12)]}23/2
f=(q1(12)q2(12)r)/4πμ0{r1(12)2(k)+r2(12)2(k)+[z1(12)(k)-z2(12)(k)]2-2r1(12)r2(12)cos[θ1(12)(k)-θ2(12(k)]}3/2
式中,q11q12分别为中心永磁圈内、外表面的单位磁荷量;q21q22分别为环板永磁圈内、外表面的单位磁荷量;μ0为真空磁导率。
图3可知,当圆周角不变时,式(3)及式(4)中的径向及圆周分量均为定值。此时,rR(abk)仅与不同位置的轴向分量有关。因此,式(5)及式(6)中的bf值也均与轴向分量有关。
λ为考察点P与任意永磁圈单元面间的轴向序号差(即j3-j12)或两个永磁圈单元面间的轴向序号差(即j2-j1)。保持λ不变,不同位置考察点和单元面间的R(abk)及两个永磁圈单元面间的r始终保持相等,此时,不同作用位置计算出的bf值均保持相等。根据各单元面间磁场和磁力作用的位置差异,以环板1与中心永磁圈为例,获得的磁场与磁力单元归类划分分别如图4图5所示。
图4中,将MDRMG气隙磁密度划分为bIbIIbIIIbIV共4类。其中,bIλ=0时两个单元面之间形成的磁密度分量;bII0<λ<n/2的磁密度分量;bIIIn/2λ<n-1的磁密度分量;bIVn-1λm-1的磁密度分量。因此,分别计算出bIbIIbIIIbIV等4类磁密度并进行叠加,即可获得MDRMG总气隙磁密度。
图5中,将MDRMG磁力划分为fIfIIfIII共3类。其中,fIλ=0时两个单元面之间产生的磁力;fII0<λn-1的磁力;fIIIn-1<λm-1的磁力。由于不同位置下的fI均相等,且λ相同时,fIIfIII也均相等,因此,3种磁力叠加,可计算出MDRMG总磁力。
设环板与中心永磁圈的永磁体磁化强度分别为MpMa;其等效磁荷面密度分别为σpσa;中心与环板永磁圈的内表面积分别为Aa1Ap1;中心与环板永磁圈的外表面积分别为Aa2Ap2。则永磁圈内、外表面的单位磁荷量分别为
q1η=σaAaηmδ=(-1)η2πμ0MaRaηLamδq2η=σpApηnδ=(-1)η2πμ0MpRpηLpnδη=12
由于考察点P在不同轴向坐标时,其磁密度可分为环板与中心永磁圈共同形成与中心永磁圈单独形成两种(图4),若设环板与中心永磁圈单元面在任意轴向坐标上的所有单元面对点P形成的径向与切向磁密度分别为brbθ,中心永磁圈在任意轴向坐标上的所有单元面对点P形成的径向与切向磁密度分别为br'bθ',则将式(7)代入式(5)中,可计算出brbθbr'bθ',分别为
br=a=12b=12k=1δqab{ri-rab(k)cos[θi-θab(k)]}4πμ0[R(abk)]3
bθ=a=12b=12k=1δqabrab(k)sin[θi-θab(k)]4πμ0[R(abk)]3
br'=b=12k=1δq1b{ri-r1b(k)cos[θi-θ1b(k)]}4πμ0[R(1bk)]3
bθ'=b=12k=1δq1br1b(k)sin[θi-θ1b(k)]4πμ0[R(1bk)]3
根据图4中的气隙磁场单元归类,可将式(8)~式(11)中任意点P位置所形成的径向及切向磁密度整合成总气隙磁密度。用矩阵B1rB1θ(1×m矩阵)表示环板1与中心永磁圈在所有考察点P处的径向及切向磁密度,可得
[B1r]=[BIrBIr']+λ=1n/2[BIIr(λ)  BIIr'(λ)  BIIr(λ)]+        λ=n/2+1n-1[BIIIr(λ)  BIIIr'(λ)  BIIIr(λ) BIIIr(λ)]+          λ=nm-1[BIVr(λ)  BIVr'(λ)  BIVr(λ)]
[B1θ]=[BIθBIθ']+λ=1n/2[BIIθ(λ) BIIθ'(λ) BIIθ(λ)]+         λ=n/2+1n-1[BIIIθ(λ)  BIIIθ'(λ)  BIIIθ(λ)  BIIIθ(λ)]+           λ=nm-1[BIVθ(λ)  BIVθ'(λ)  BIVθ(λ)]
式中,BIrBIθ均为1×n矩阵且各元素分别为bIrbIθBIr'BIθ'均为1×(m-n)矩阵且各元素分别为bIr'bIθ'BIIr(λ)BIIθ(λ)均为1×λ矩阵且各元素分别为bIIrbIIθBIIr'(λ)BIIθ'(λ)均为1×(n-λ)矩阵且各元素分别为2bIIr2bIIθBIIr(λ)BIIθ(λ)均为1×(m-n)矩阵,且1至(m-n-λ)列元素分别为2bIIr'2bIIθ'(m-n-λ+1)λ列分别为bIIr'bIIθ'BIIIr(λ)BIIIθ(λ)均为1×n-λ矩阵且各元素分别为bIIIrbIIIθBIIIr'(λ)BIIIθ'(λ)均为1×(2λ-n)零阵;BIIIr(λ)BIIIθ(λ)均为1×n-λ矩阵且各元素分别为bIIIrbIIIθBIIIr(λ)BIIIθ(λ)均为1×(m-n)矩阵,且1至(m-n-λ)列元素分别为2bIIr'2bIIθ'(m-n-λ+1)λ列分别为bIIr'bIIθ'BIVr(λ)BIVθ(λ)均为1×λ零阵;BIVr'(λ)BIVθ'(λ)均为1×n矩阵且各元素分别为bIVrbIVθBIVr(λ)BIVθ(λ)均为1×(m-n-λ)矩阵且各元素分别为bIVr'bIVθ'
同理,利用图4所示的气隙磁场归类可求出环板2与中心永磁圈间的径向及切向气隙磁密度矩阵B2rB2θ,即
B2rθ=B1rθ×0001001001001000m×m
根据磁场叠加原理,可获得MDRMG径向及切向气隙磁密度BrBθ,分别为
[Br]=[B1r]+[B2r][Bθ]=[B1θ]+[B2θ]
设环板1与中心永磁圈在任意轴向坐标上的所有圆周单元面间的径向及切向磁力分别为frfθ,根据式(3)及式(6)可得
frθ=a=12b=12k=1δq1aq2brrθ4πμ0r3
rr=r1acos[θ1a(k)-ωpt]-r2bcos[θ2b(k)-ωpt]
rθ=r1asin[θ1a(k)-ωpt]-r2bsin[θ2b(k)-ωpt]
与求解B1rB1θ的方法相同,根据图5所示的磁力归类方式,由式(16)可求得环板1与中心永磁圈间的径向及切向总磁力F1rF1θ,分别为
F1r=nfIr+λ=1n-1[2n-λ)fIIr(λ)]+λ=nm-1[εfIIIr(λ)]
F1θ=nfIθ+λ=1n-1[2n-λ)fIIθ(λ)]+λ=nm-1[εfIIIθ(λ)]
式中,fIrfIθ分别为fI径向及切向分量;fIIr(λ)fIIθ(λ)分别为fII径向及切向分量;fIIIr(λ)fIIIθ(λ)分别为fIII径向及切向分量。当m-n<n时,ε=m-λm-nnnλ<m-n时,ε=nm-nnm-nλm-1时,ε=m-λ
另外,由于环板1与环板2间的参数完全相同,因此,环板2与中心永磁圈间的总径向磁力F2r=F1r,且总切向磁力F2θ=F1θ。进而可求得中心永磁圈所受电磁转矩Ti=(F1θ+F2θ)Rr2
环板间距L'变化,不仅会改变上述磁力模型中的单元划分数m,影响其计算结果,还会使偏心轴的两个偏心轴段间距发生变化,改变偏心轴转子的质量与刚度,从而影响其动力学特性。为此,本节利用Riccati传递矩阵建立动力学模型,以分析L'与MDRMG临界转速间的关系。
图6所示为图1中的MDRMG偏心轴离散划分模型,表2所示为图6所得的部分转子离散集总化参数。其中,计及惯量的刚性圆盘离散数量为31,计及刚度的弹性轴段数量为30。
设截面单元状态矢量中的弯矩、剪力、位移及挠度分别为MQXA,并将MQ划分为矩阵gXA划分为矩阵h,则第i个截面单元与第i+1个截面单元间的关系[22-23]
ghi+1=u11u12u21u22ighi
式中,u11u12u21u22分别为表2所得的离散集总化参数与转速ωp的函数矩阵。
将Riccati变换gi=sihi代入式(21)中,可得
gi+1=(u11S+u12)i(u21S+u22)i-1hi+1
对比可知,Riccati传递矩阵Si递推计算式为
Si+1=(u11S+u12)i(u21S+u22)
综上,对于右端截面i+1,有gi+1=Si+1hi+1;由于右端为自由端,当偏心轴发生临界振动时,边界条件为gi+1=0及hi+1≠0。则式(23)的非零解条件为
S
式(24)即为系统频率方程,其解为转子临界转速。
为验证磁场单元归类法的有效性,取磁偏角β=0°时所有点P(riθizi)处的BrBθ理论计算[式(15)所得]与三维有限元法(3-D Finite Element Method, 3-D FEM)仿真结果进行对比,分别如图7图8所示。
图7图8可知,Br随着圆周角θi增加呈先减弱后增加趋势,而Bθ变化趋势与Br相反。这是由于在式(2)及式(3)中,环板与中心永磁圈间的气隙长度与圆周角θi呈正弦变化关系,导致其空气磁阻随θi增加呈先增大后减小趋势。因此,径向充磁的永磁体使得Br变化趋势与空气磁阻变化相反。另外,磁力线总是通过最小的磁阻路径,使得空气磁阻较大时的Br逐渐转化成Bθ。因此,Bθ呈先增加后减小趋势。
另外,由于环板1、环板2间隔180°相位角偏心布置且二者参数完全相同,因此,zi∈[0,30] mm内的BrBθ曲面与zi∈[40,70] mm内的相差180°相位角,且二者分布状态完全相同。
为进一步验证磁场单元归类法的准确性,取环板1的中截面(zi=15 mm)的BrBθ进行对比,如图9所示。由图9可知,BrBθ在圆周范围内的理论计算与有限元仿真结果变化趋势高度一致(相对误差小于等于7%),验证了磁场单元归类法[式(15)]的准确性。
图10所示为θi=180°时的BrBθzi的关系曲线。
图10可知,随着轴向坐标zi增加,BrBθ均呈现“上升-持平-下降-持平-上升-持平-下降”的变化趋势。这是因为当zi=0 mm时,点P位于永磁体轴向端部,其端部漏磁效应导致BrBθ均较小;随着点P远离端部,二者逐渐增大并使BrBθ在端部漏磁较小处趋于稳定;当点P接近环板1永磁体的另一端时,BrBθ又因漏磁增大而减小;当P点位于两环板间距处(即zi∈[30,40] mm)时,由于其距离两环板均较远,较大的气隙磁阻使此处的BrBθ均远小于环板与中心永磁圈气隙处磁密度。综上证明,利用磁场单元归类法建立的磁场模型可计及端部漏磁效应。
另外,在环板间距处的有限元结果略大于理论计算结果。这是因为磁场单元归类法计算磁场时仅考虑了环板与中心永磁圈之间的相互作用,未考虑两环板永磁圈间的影响关系;但两环板间距较大,导致径向充磁的两环板永磁圈相互影响有限。因此,理论与仿真结果差距较小。
图11所示为磁偏角β转过中心永磁圈的一对磁极角度时,MDRMG静态转矩Ti及径向磁力Fr的有限元仿真与理论计算结果对比。
图11中,TiFr的理论计算与有限元仿真结果均高度重合,且为关于β的正弦周期曲线。这种周期性变化是由环板与中心永磁圈的永磁体正负交错排列所引起的;随着磁偏角β增大,环板永磁体受力的方向会经历从径向到切向的变化,并且这种变化与正负磁极的分布呈周期性对应。
另外,有限元仿真所得的Ti最大、最小值分别为±148.69 Nm,Fr的最大、最小值分别为1 876.66 N及-1 792.72 N;理论计算所得的Ti最大、最小值分别为±150.32 N·m,Fr的最大、最小值分别为1 796.52 N及-1 726.64 N。有限元仿真与理论计算结果的平均相对误差小于等于4%,验证了式(19)及式(20)的正确性。
当环板间距L'变化时,任意单元的位置坐标发生改变,引起式(15)及式(20)所求的磁密度及磁力变化。因此,为分析L'TiFr的影响,取其在[0,40] mm变化范围内的TiFr峰值进行研究,结果如图12所示。
图12可知,当L'逐渐增大时,TiFr峰值近似成线性增大且增长量较小。这是由于L'增大时,中心永磁圈沿轴向划分的数量m增大,式(19)及式(20)中第三类磁力fIII的系数ε也增大,进而TiFr增大;但产生fIII的环板与中心永磁圈单元面间的矢径较大,使得式(16)的计算结果较小,TiFr峰值虽有增长但增长量较小。
图13所示为L'递增时理论计算时间与有限元仿真时间的对比。
图13可知,随着L'增加,磁场单元归类法所用计算时长远小于有限元仿真。这是因为增大L'时,中心永磁圈与环板永磁圈耦合面积增加,使仿真中的网格数量及归类法中的轴向单元数量m均增加,但m的增大仅改变式(19)及式(20)中的磁力分量系数值,而不影响其迭代关系。因此,L'不变时,本文所提算法的计算速度快于有限元法;且L'增加时,其所节省的计算时间越来越多。
图14所示为将表2数据代入式(26)所得的偏心轴转速ωp与剩余量det Si+1的曲线,表3所示为由图14所得的临界转速计算数据与有限元仿真结果的对比。
图14表3可知,式(26)所得的偏心轴转子前3阶临界角速度与有限元仿真结果相对误差较小,验证了本文所建MDRMG偏心轴转子系统动力学模型的正确性。
图15图16所示分别为L'增大时,其与偏心轴临界转速及MDRMG前6阶固有频率间的变化关系。
图15图16可知,L'增加时,偏心轴转子临界转速与MDRMG固有频率逐渐降低。这是因为L'增大时,图6L'段内离散的盘轴单元数量增加,使偏心轴的质量分布改变,转动惯量增大,其挠性增加、刚度降低。这种变化增加了转子重心与旋转轴线的不重合度,从而产生了更大的周期性变化的离心力。当离心力的变化频率与转子的固有频率接近时,转子将发生剧烈振动,进一步降低临界转速。
1)MDRMG利用偏心结构和磁极差,使环板1、环板2与中心永磁圈间形成偏心谐波磁场,产生不均匀的磁力作用;当磁极相对位置改变时,径向磁力逐渐转变为切向磁力,从而可实现高转矩及大传动比传动特性。此外,不仅MDRMG可将中心永磁圈产生的不平衡径向磁力分配到多个偏心轴上,其双环板结构还保证了偏心轴重心的平衡,减少了由不平衡力引起的振动和磨损,延长了转臂轴承寿命,提高了工作稳定性。
2)利用磁场单元归类法计算得到的MDRMG气隙磁密度及磁力可依据单元面的不同作用位置,将气隙磁密度分为bIbIIbIIIbIV等4类,磁力分为fIfIIfIII等3类。通过计算同种类型的磁密度与磁力并进行叠加,可建立计及漏磁效应的MDRMG气隙磁密度与磁力模型,避免了复杂的积分运算,节省了计算时间;并且随着模型计算量的增加,磁场单元归类法所用时间远小于有限元法所用时间,大幅提高了磁力齿轮分析效率。
3)MDRMG的BrBθ随气隙长度与磁极相对位置的改变而产生周期性变化。当磁偏角β=0°时,Br最大、Bθ最小;随着气隙长度增加,Br逐渐转化成Bθ。另外,由于环板1、环板2之间存在180°相位角,二者的BrBθ分别相差180°相位。
4)环板间距L'增加,会增大环板与中心永磁圈磁力作用的单元面数量,导致MDRMG的TiFr有增大趋势。但因单元面间矢径较大,单元面间空气磁阻较大,TiFr的增长量较小。另外,L'的增大会改变偏心轴的质量分布,增加转动惯量与转子挠性,降低其刚度,导致MDRMG固有模态与偏心轴临界转速降低。
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2026年第50卷第1期
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doi: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.01.010
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
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    沈阳工业大学 机械工程学院,沈阳110870

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孙凤,男,1978年生,辽宁阜新人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为机械系统多元驱动及其控制技术;sunfeng@sut.edu.cn。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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