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Global contingencies and economic climate risks create uncertainty for firms. To explore the impact of uncertainty on business decisions and investment behavior of firms, economic policy uncertainty, trade policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and climate policy uncertainty were combined and analyzed to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of their impact on corporate investment with a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2013 to 2022, and to further analyze the heterogeneity of the three dimensions of the type of corporate investment, the nature of the ownership system, and the type of industry. It is found that, firstly, all four types of uncertainty inhibit business investment, but the degree of inhibition varies. Secondly, economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk discourage business investment in fixed assets and financial assets but promote investment in R&D, while trade policy uncertainty does the opposite, and climate policy uncertainty discourages the three types of business investment. Thirdly, the impacts of trade and climate policy uncertainty on business investment are more variable than the other two. Finally, uncertainty can affect business investment through the financing constraint channel and the business external demand channel, and business growth opportunities can mitigate the relationship between uncertainty and business investment.
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全球性的突发事件和经济气候风险给企业带来了不确定性,为探究不确定性对企业经营决策和投资行为的影响,本文以2013-2022年中国A股上市公司为样本,结合经济政策、贸易政策、气候政策不确定性和地缘政治风险,探究其对企业投资的影响特征与作用机理,并进一步分析在企业投资类型、所有制性质与行业类型三个方面的异质性。研究发现:①四种不确定性均会抑制企业投资,但抑制程度有差异;②经济政策不确定性与地缘政治风险阻碍企业固定资产投资和金融资产投资但促进研发投资,贸易政策不确定性恰好相反,而气候政策不确定性阻碍以上三种类型企业投资;③贸易政策与气候政策不确定性对不同行业、不同产权性质企业的投资影响的差异性大于对另外两种不确定性;④不确定性能通过融资约束途径、企业外部需求渠道影响企业投资,且企业增长机会能缓解不确定性与企业投资之间的关系。
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王红,博士,湖南农业大学副教授,研究方向:涉农组织管理:
江园芳,湖南农业大学商学院硕士研究生,研究方向:企业管理,涉农组织管理:
李海玲,博士,湖南农业大学副教授,研究方向:产业政策、环境经济学、企业管理:
周萍,硕士,湖南农业大学副教授,研究方向:产业政策、企业管理。
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李海玲,博士,湖南农业大学副教授,研究方向:产业政策、环境经济学、企业管理:
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李海玲,博士,湖南农业大学副教授,研究方向:产业政策、环境经济学、企业管理:
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管理世界 ,
2022 .
38 ( 1 ): 77 - 89 ., articleTitle=经济政策不确定性与企业短债长用, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154148514679480971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=72203059, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金“环境规制与工业绿色生产转型:基于钢铁生产工序的机制与效应分析”(72203059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148514729812621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=2023JJ40336, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金““双碳”目标下钢铁行业长流程绿色发展的驱动机制与提升路径研究”(2023JJ40336), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148514817893007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=2022JJ40515, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金““双碳”目标下钢铁行业长流程绿色发展的驱动机制与提升路径研究”(2022JJ40515), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148514872418961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=2020JJ4380, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金““双碳”目标下钢铁行业长流程绿色发展的驱动机制与提升路径研究”(2020JJ4380), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148514939527827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=22YJCZH078, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学项目“环境政策推动湖南省钢铁行业‘双碳’目标实现的机制与效应研究”(22YJCZH078), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148515002442389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省教育科研基金“环境政策与钢铁企业绿色发展, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148515065356951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, awardId=22B0195, language=CN, fundingSource=基于‘生产-治污,协同视角”(22B0195), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154148510015414813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154148510023803422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, companyId=1154148510015414813, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Business School Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410125 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154148510032192031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, companyId=1154148510015414813, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南农业大学 商学院 长沙 410125)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154148512745906778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9ST6vu3gme0ih2HIxmoLFw==, figureFileBig=gknwkuKva0qigOD3kb8n/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154148512808821339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不确定性对企业投资的影响机制图, figureFileSmall=9ST6vu3gme0ih2HIxmoLFw==, figureFileBig=gknwkuKva0qigOD3kb8n/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154148512867541595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量符号 | 变量名称 | 度量方法 |
| EPU | 中国经济政策不确定性指数 | 中国经济政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({TPU}\) | 中国贸易政策不确定性指数 | 中国贸易政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({GPR}\) | 中国地缘政治风险指数 | 中国地缘政治风险指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({CPU}\) | 中国气候政策不确定性指数 | 中国气候政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| Invest | 企业投资 | (构建固定资产支付现金+构建无形资产支付现金+构建其他长期资产支付现金)/总资产 |
| fininvest | 金融资产投资 | (货币资金+交易性金融资产+可供出售金融资产+持有至到期投资及投资性房地产)/总资产 |
| fixinvest | 固定资产投资 | (固定资产+在建工程+工程物资)/总资产 |
| \({RD}\) | 研发投资 | 研发投入/总资产 |
| Growth | 企业成长性 | 企业销售收入增长率 |
| Size | 企业规模 | ln(企业总资产值) |
| Leverage | 资产负债率 | 企业总负债/总资产 |
| ROA | 资产回报率 | 净利润/总资产 |
| Gr_GDP | GDP 增长率 | (本期实际 GDP-上期实际 GDP)/上期实际 GDP |
| \({Fd}\) | 金融发展程度 | 金融贷款余额/GDP |
| \({SA}\) | 融资约束 | \(-{0.737}\mathit{{size}}+{0.043}{\mathit{{size}}}^{2}-{0.040}\mathit{{age}}\)(age 为企业经营年度) |
| Demand | 企业外部需求 | 营业收入/总资产 |
| Tobin \(Q\) | 企业成长机会 | Tobin \(O\) 指数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148512938844766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
变量定义, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量符号 | 变量名称 | 度量方法 |
| EPU | 中国经济政策不确定性指数 | 中国经济政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({TPU}\) | 中国贸易政策不确定性指数 | 中国贸易政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({GPR}\) | 中国地缘政治风险指数 | 中国地缘政治风险指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| \({CPU}\) | 中国气候政策不确定性指数 | 中国气候政策不确定性指数月度数据的算术平均值/100 |
| Invest | 企业投资 | (构建固定资产支付现金+构建无形资产支付现金+构建其他长期资产支付现金)/总资产 |
| fininvest | 金融资产投资 | (货币资金+交易性金融资产+可供出售金融资产+持有至到期投资及投资性房地产)/总资产 |
| fixinvest | 固定资产投资 | (固定资产+在建工程+工程物资)/总资产 |
| \({RD}\) | 研发投资 | 研发投入/总资产 |
| Growth | 企业成长性 | 企业销售收入增长率 |
| Size | 企业规模 | ln(企业总资产值) |
| Leverage | 资产负债率 | 企业总负债/总资产 |
| ROA | 资产回报率 | 净利润/总资产 |
| Gr_GDP | GDP 增长率 | (本期实际 GDP-上期实际 GDP)/上期实际 GDP |
| \({Fd}\) | 金融发展程度 | 金融贷款余额/GDP |
| \({SA}\) | 融资约束 | \(-{0.737}\mathit{{size}}+{0.043}{\mathit{{size}}}^{2}-{0.040}\mathit{{age}}\)(age 为企业经营年度) |
| Demand | 企业外部需求 | 营业收入/总资产 |
| Tobin \(Q\) | 企业成长机会 | Tobin \(O\) 指数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513005953632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 观测值 | 均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 标准差 |
| \({EPU}\) | 10580 | 4.3735 | 1.1389 | 7.9187 | 2.4191 |
| TPU | 10580 | 2.7487 | 0.4428 | 6.8761 | 2.1152 |
| \({GPR}\) | 10580 | 0.0069 | 0.0037 | 0.0116 | 0.0025 |
| \({CPU}\) | 10580 | 0.0007 | -0.0023 | 0.0056 | 0.0022 |
| Invest | 10580 | 0.0451 | 0.0011 | 0.1925 | 0.0393 |
| Growth | 10580 | 0.1426 | -0.4484 | 1.627 | 0.0391 |
| fininvest | 10580 | 0.2073 | 0.0295 | 0.6224 | 0.1265 |
| fixinvest | 10580 | 0.2466 | 0.0083 | 0.7090 | 0.1575 |
| \({RD}\) | 10580 | 0.0245 | 0.0002 | 0.1102 | 0.0198 |
| Size | 10580 | 22.4819 | 20.2124 | 26.5223 | 1.2577 |
| Leverage | 10580 | 0.4062 | 0.0580 | 0.8333 | 0.1853 |
| ROA | 10580 | 0.0391 | -1.1971 | 0.2003 | 0.0568 |
| Gr_GDP | 10580 | 6.6675 | -0.2000 | 11 | 2.4021 |
| \({FD}\) | 10580 | 1.5874 | 0.7977 | 2.5382 | 0.4362 |
| \({SA}\) | 10580 | 3.8453 | 3.1396 | 4.4288 | 0.2394 |
| Demand | 10580 | 0.6245 | 0.1188 | 2.2757 | 0.3701 |
| Tobin \(Q\) | 10580 | 2.1316 | 0.8346 | 7.9695 | 1.2938 |
| Cashhold | 10580 | 0.1507 | 0.0129 | 0.5553 | 0.1091 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513081451106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
主要变量描述性统计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 观测值 | 均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 标准差 |
| \({EPU}\) | 10580 | 4.3735 | 1.1389 | 7.9187 | 2.4191 |
| TPU | 10580 | 2.7487 | 0.4428 | 6.8761 | 2.1152 |
| \({GPR}\) | 10580 | 0.0069 | 0.0037 | 0.0116 | 0.0025 |
| \({CPU}\) | 10580 | 0.0007 | -0.0023 | 0.0056 | 0.0022 |
| Invest | 10580 | 0.0451 | 0.0011 | 0.1925 | 0.0393 |
| Growth | 10580 | 0.1426 | -0.4484 | 1.627 | 0.0391 |
| fininvest | 10580 | 0.2073 | 0.0295 | 0.6224 | 0.1265 |
| fixinvest | 10580 | 0.2466 | 0.0083 | 0.7090 | 0.1575 |
| \({RD}\) | 10580 | 0.0245 | 0.0002 | 0.1102 | 0.0198 |
| Size | 10580 | 22.4819 | 20.2124 | 26.5223 | 1.2577 |
| Leverage | 10580 | 0.4062 | 0.0580 | 0.8333 | 0.1853 |
| ROA | 10580 | 0.0391 | -1.1971 | 0.2003 | 0.0568 |
| Gr_GDP | 10580 | 6.6675 | -0.2000 | 11 | 2.4021 |
| \({FD}\) | 10580 | 1.5874 | 0.7977 | 2.5382 | 0.4362 |
| \({SA}\) | 10580 | 3.8453 | 3.1396 | 4.4288 | 0.2394 |
| Demand | 10580 | 0.6245 | 0.1188 | 2.2757 | 0.3701 |
| Tobin \(Q\) | 10580 | 2.1316 | 0.8346 | 7.9695 | 1.2938 |
| Cashhold | 10580 | 0.1507 | 0.0129 | 0.5553 | 0.1091 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513144365668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | -0.14}{***(-9.60) | -0.13}{***(-7.18) | | | | | | |
| TPU | | | -0.09***(-6.97) | -0.06***(-4.16) | | | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | | | -1.25}{***(-7.97) | -0.94 ***(-5.58) | | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | | | | -3.49 ***(-6.46) | -3.40}{***(-5.25) |
| Control | \({\mathrm{N}}_{0}\) | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4821 | 0.4822 | 0.4792 | 0.4801 | 0.4800 | 0.4808 | 0.4787 | 0.4807 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513194697318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
四种不确定性与企业投资的回归结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | -0.14}{***(-9.60) | -0.13}{***(-7.18) | | | | | | |
| TPU | | | -0.09***(-6.97) | -0.06***(-4.16) | | | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | | | -1.25}{***(-7.97) | -0.94 ***(-5.58) | | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | | | | -3.49 ***(-6.46) | -3.40}{***(-5.25) |
| Control | \({\mathrm{N}}_{0}\) | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4821 | 0.4822 | 0.4792 | 0.4801 | 0.4800 | 0.4808 | 0.4787 | 0.4807 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513341497959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 固定资产投资 | 金融资产投资 | 研发投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
| \({EPU}\) | \(-{0.83}^{***}\left({-{11.31}}\right)\) | \(-{0.04}\left({-{0.43}}\right)\) | 0.11 ***(10.26) |
| TPU | \({0.93}^{***}\left({9.56}\right)\) | \({0.33}^{***}\left({2.53}\right)\) | \(-{0.12}{}^{***}\left({-{8.83}}\right)\) |
| \({GPR}\) | \(-{6.20}{}^{***}\left({-{8.70}}\right)\) | \(-{2.41}{}^{***}\left({-{2.50}}\right)\) | 1.50**(14.90) |
| \({CPU}\) | \(-{2.38}\left({-{1.59}}\right)\) | \(-{8.45}{}^{***}\left({-{4.12}}\right)\) | \(-{1.00}{}^{***}\left({-{9.49}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.8734 | 0.6080 | 0.8399 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513396023912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
异质性分析: 企业投资类型, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 固定资产投资 | 金融资产投资 | 研发投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
| \({EPU}\) | \(-{0.83}^{***}\left({-{11.31}}\right)\) | \(-{0.04}\left({-{0.43}}\right)\) | 0.11 ***(10.26) |
| TPU | \({0.93}^{***}\left({9.56}\right)\) | \({0.33}^{***}\left({2.53}\right)\) | \(-{0.12}{}^{***}\left({-{8.83}}\right)\) |
| \({GPR}\) | \(-{6.20}{}^{***}\left({-{8.70}}\right)\) | \(-{2.41}{}^{***}\left({-{2.50}}\right)\) | 1.50**(14.90) |
| \({CPU}\) | \(-{2.38}\left({-{1.59}}\right)\) | \(-{8.45}{}^{***}\left({-{4.12}}\right)\) | \(-{1.00}{}^{***}\left({-{9.49}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.8734 | 0.6080 | 0.8399 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513450549865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 非国有企业 | 国有企业 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | -0.15***(-6.14) | | | | \(-{0.05}^{*}\)(-1.93) | | | |
| TPU | | -0.08***(-3.61) | | | | -0.02 (-0.67) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | -1.04 ***(-4.64) | | | | \(-{0.48}^{*}\)(-1.83) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | -4.73}{***(-5.54) | | | | -0.70 (-0.68) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4545 | 0.4519 | 0.4527 | 0.4536 | 0.5766 | 0.5761 | 0.5765 | 0.5761 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513547018858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
异质性分析: 产权性质, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 非国有企业 | 国有企业 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | -0.15***(-6.14) | | | | \(-{0.05}^{*}\)(-1.93) | | | |
| TPU | | -0.08***(-3.61) | | | | -0.02 (-0.67) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | -1.04 ***(-4.64) | | | | \(-{0.48}^{*}\)(-1.83) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | -4.73}{***(-5.54) | | | | -0.70 (-0.68) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4545 | 0.4519 | 0.4527 | 0.4536 | 0.5766 | 0.5761 | 0.5765 | 0.5761 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513605739115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 制造行业 | 非制造行业 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| \({EPU}\) | -0.14 ***(-6.61) | | | | \(-{0.12}^{*\diamond *}\)(-6.01) | | | |
| TPU | | -0.08***(-4.12) | | | | -0.04 (-1.30) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | -0.99 ***(-4.92) | | | | -0.88 (-2.89) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | -4.48***(-5.96) | | | | 0.08 (0.07) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4671 | 0.4648 | 0.4653 | 0.4662 | 0.4994 | 0.5223 | 0.5235 | 0.5219 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513668653676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
异质性分析: 行业性质, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 制造行业 | 非制造行业 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| \({EPU}\) | -0.14 ***(-6.61) | | | | \(-{0.12}^{*\diamond *}\)(-6.01) | | | |
| TPU | | -0.08***(-4.12) | | | | -0.04 (-1.30) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | -0.99 ***(-4.92) | | | | -0.88 (-2.89) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | -4.48***(-5.96) | | | | 0.08 (0.07) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4671 | 0.4648 | 0.4653 | 0.4662 | 0.4994 | 0.5223 | 0.5235 | 0.5219 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513723179629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| EPU_GM | \(-{0.12}{}^{***}\left({-{6.88}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU_GM | | \(-{0.07}^{***}\left({-{4.12}}\right)\) | | |
| \({GPR}\_ {GM}\) | | | \(-{1.01}^{***}\left({-{5.54}}\right)\) | |
| CPU_GM | | | | \(-{1.85}^{***}\left({-{3.75}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4819 | 0.4801 | 0.4808 | 0.4799 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513781899886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
稳健性检验: 更换核心变量, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| EPU_GM | \(-{0.12}{}^{***}\left({-{6.88}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU_GM | | \(-{0.07}^{***}\left({-{4.12}}\right)\) | | |
| \({GPR}\_ {GM}\) | | | \(-{1.01}^{***}\left({-{5.54}}\right)\) | |
| CPU_GM | | | | \(-{1.85}^{***}\left({-{3.75}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4819 | 0.4801 | 0.4808 | 0.4799 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513836425839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| EPU | \(-{0.12}^{***}\left({-{6.68}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU | | \(-{0.06}^{***}\left({-{3.75}}\right)\) | | |
| GPR | | | \(-{0.89}^{***}\left({-{5.27}}\right)\) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | \(-{3.60}{}^{***}\left({-{5.56}}\right)\) |
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4863 | 0.4845 | 0.4852 | 0.4855 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513928700529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
稳健性检验: 高维固定效应, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| EPU | \(-{0.12}^{***}\left({-{6.68}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU | | \(-{0.06}^{***}\left({-{3.75}}\right)\) | | |
| GPR | | | \(-{0.89}^{***}\left({-{5.27}}\right)\) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | \(-{3.60}{}^{***}\left({-{5.56}}\right)\) |
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4863 | 0.4845 | 0.4852 | 0.4855 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148513987420787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({{EPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | \(-{0.08}^{***}\left({-{4.16}}\right)\) | | | |
| \({{TPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | | \(-{0.06}^{***}\left({-{3.84}}\right)\) | | |
| GPR_ \({L}_{2}\) | | | \(-{0.64}^{***}\left({-{3.54}}\right)\) | |
| \({{CPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | | | | \(-{1.40}{}^{***}\left({-{2.46}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.5153 | 0.5149 | 0.5149 | 0.5003 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514037752437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
稳健性检验: 工具变量法, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({{EPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | \(-{0.08}^{***}\left({-{4.16}}\right)\) | | | |
| \({{TPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | | \(-{0.06}^{***}\left({-{3.84}}\right)\) | | |
| GPR_ \({L}_{2}\) | | | \(-{0.64}^{***}\left({-{3.54}}\right)\) | |
| \({{CPU}\_ L}_{2}\) | | | | \(-{1.40}{}^{***}\left({-{2.46}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.5153 | 0.5149 | 0.5149 | 0.5003 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514096472695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 融资约束 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | 2.27 ***(50.03) | | | | -0.05**(-2.18) | | | |
| \({TPU}\) | | 1.50***(35.77) | | | | -0.01 (-0.24) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | 21.20 ***(55.63) | | | | -0.08 (-0.38) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | 12.07 ***(7.00) | | | | -2.91 ***(-4.52) |
| \({SA}\) | | | | | -3.54***(-6.05) | -4.14 ***(-7.81) | -4.09***(-7.19) | -4.03 ***(-8.39) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.9429 | 0.9307 | 0.9398 | 0.9179 | 0.4849 | 0.4846 | 0.4846 | 0.4857 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514163581562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表10, caption=
中介效应检验: 融资约束, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 融资约束 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | 2.27 ***(50.03) | | | | -0.05**(-2.18) | | | |
| \({TPU}\) | | 1.50***(35.77) | | | | -0.01 (-0.24) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | 21.20 ***(55.63) | | | | -0.08 (-0.38) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | 12.07 ***(7.00) | | | | -2.91 ***(-4.52) |
| \({SA}\) | | | | | -3.54***(-6.05) | -4.14 ***(-7.81) | -4.09***(-7.19) | -4.03 ***(-8.39) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.9429 | 0.9307 | 0.9398 | 0.9179 | 0.4849 | 0.4846 | 0.4846 | 0.4857 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514264244861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 外部需求 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | 1.01 (9.47) | | | | -0.12}{**(-6.60) | | | |
| \({TPU}\) | | 0.93 (10.33) | | | | -0.06 (-3.59) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | 14.26 ***(15.51) | | | | -0.82***(-4.77) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | 3.39 (0.96) | | | | -3.37 ***(-5.21) |
| demand | | | | | \(-{0.85}^{*\diamond *}\) | -0.92 *** | -0.86*** | -0.99 *** |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.8368 | 0.8368 | 0.8388 | 0.8347 | 0.4833 | 0.4814 | 0.4819 | 0.4822 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514352325250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表11, caption=
中介效应检验: 外部需求, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 外部需求 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| EPU | 1.01 (9.47) | | | | -0.12}{**(-6.60) | | | |
| \({TPU}\) | | 0.93 (10.33) | | | | -0.06 (-3.59) | | |
| \({GPR}\) | | | 14.26 ***(15.51) | | | | -0.82***(-4.77) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | 3.39 (0.96) | | | | -3.37 ***(-5.21) |
| demand | | | | | \(-{0.85}^{*\diamond *}\) | -0.92 *** | -0.86*** | -0.99 *** |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.8368 | 0.8368 | 0.8388 | 0.8347 | 0.4833 | 0.4814 | 0.4819 | 0.4822 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514423628418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({EPU}\) | \(-{0.12}^{***}\left({-{6.77}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU | | \(-{0.05}^{***}\left({-{3.14}}\right)\) | | |
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({GPR}\) | | | \(-{0.82}^{***}\left({-{4.47}}\right)\) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | \(-{3.39}{}^{***}\left({-{5.18}}\right)\) |
| Tobin \(Q\) | \({0.04}\left({1.11}\right)\) | 0.06(1.52) | \({0.08}^{*}\left({1.77}\right)\) | \({0.02}\left({0.45}\right)\) |
| \({EPU}\times\) Tobin \(O\) | \({0.02}^{*}\left({1.76}\right)\) | | | |
| \({TPU}\times\) Tobin \(O\) | | \({0.03}{}^{***}\left({2.81}\right)\) | | |
| GPR×Tobin \(O\) | | | \({0.39}^{***}\left({3.08}\right)\) | |
| CPU×Tobin \(O\) | | | | \(-{0.85}^{*}\left({-{1.87}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4823 | 0.4805 | 0.4814 | 0.4810 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148514486542980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120998466390, language=CN, label=表12, caption=
调节效应: 企业增长机会, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({EPU}\) | \(-{0.12}^{***}\left({-{6.77}}\right)\) | | | |
| TPU | | \(-{0.05}^{***}\left({-{3.14}}\right)\) | | |
| 变量 | 企业投资 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| \({GPR}\) | | | \(-{0.82}^{***}\left({-{4.47}}\right)\) | |
| \({CPU}\) | | | | \(-{3.39}{}^{***}\left({-{5.18}}\right)\) |
| Tobin \(Q\) | \({0.04}\left({1.11}\right)\) | 0.06(1.52) | \({0.08}^{*}\left({1.77}\right)\) | \({0.02}\left({0.45}\right)\) |
| \({EPU}\times\) Tobin \(O\) | \({0.02}^{*}\left({1.76}\right)\) | | | |
| \({TPU}\times\) Tobin \(O\) | | \({0.03}{}^{***}\left({2.81}\right)\) | | |
| GPR×Tobin \(O\) | | | \({0.39}^{***}\left({3.08}\right)\) | |
| CPU×Tobin \(O\) | | | | \(-{0.85}^{*}\left({-{1.87}}\right)\) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| \(N\) | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 | 10580 |
| Adj \({R}^{2}\) | 0.4823 | 0.4805 | 0.4814 | 0.4810 |
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