Article(id=1149642864403067256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1149642860972130684, articleNumber=1002-980X(2025)04-0025-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1002-980X.J23090302, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720886400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752025818204, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752025818204, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752025818204, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752025818204, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149642860972130684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, year='2025', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752025817384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758098883950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175115148403552408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1149642860972130684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175115148403552409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1149642860972130684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149642865271288188, articleId=1149642864403067256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, language=EN, title=Influencing Factors of the Academic Talents' Mobility in China, columnId=1149642862083621246, journalTitle=Journal of Technology Economics, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Scientifically identifying the influencing factors of the talents' mobility is the foundation for China to build a world-class talent center and innovation highland, as well as to optimize the regional distribution of talent resources. By analyzing the influencing factors of the academic talents' mobility in China using micro-data of 2004 Changjiang Scholars, the following empirical conclusions can be obtained. A higher level of economic development creates a pull factor, and a higher level of consumption expenditure creates a push factor for the mobility of academic talents. Convenient living and high-quality air create pull factors for the mobility of academic talents. High-ranking institutions are easier to gather talents, but in the areas and institutions with a higher level of innovation development, the academic talents flow more. The academic talents have a strong preference for working in their hometown. At different individual stages, the career development factors and hometown both have a relatively stable influence on the mobility decision, however the economic and social environmental factors are found to have different influences. By revealing the influencing factors of the academic talents' mobility, and the similarities and differences in the impact of various factors at academic talents' different career stages, the researches of the academic talents' mobility have been enriched. Meanwhile, references have been provided for the government to scientifically implement policies to attract academic talents to gather and guide them to flow orderly.
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科学识别科技领军人才流动的影响要素,是中国建设世界重要人才中心与创新高地、优化区域人才资源分布格局的基础。本文基于2004名教育部长江学者特聘教授的微观数据,分析中国科技领军人才流动的影响要素。实证结果表明:较高的经济发展水平对人才流动形成拉力,较高的消费支出对人才流动形成推力;便捷的生活和优质空气对人才流动形成拉力;高排名机构更容易集聚人才,但具有较高创新发展水平的地区和机构,人才的流动性也越强;乡土对人才流动具有拉力作用;在不同职业阶段,职业发展要素与乡土偏好对学者流动的影响表现出相对稳定的趋势,而经济与社会环境要素却呈现出显著差异。通过揭示科技领军人才流动的影响要素及不同职业阶段各类要素对人才流动影响作用的异同,丰富了科技人才流动领域的相关研究,也为政府基于客观规律科学施策以吸引人才集聚和引导人才有序流动提供了参考。
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柳瑛(1985—),博士,对外经济贸易大学北京对外开放研究院,科研处副研究员,研究方向:人才流动、科技人才、科技政策;
苏丽锋(1976—),博士,对外经济贸易大学北京对外开放研究院,国家对外开放研究院教育与开放经济研究中心教授,研究方向:人才政策、高等教育;
史薇(1955—),博士,对外经济贸易大学北京对外开放研究院,国家对外开放研究院教育与开放经济研究中心教授,研究方向:科技政策、开放教育。
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苏丽锋(1976—),博士,对外经济贸易大学北京对外开放研究院,国家对外开放研究院教育与开放经济研究中心教授,研究方向:人才政策、高等教育;
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1 对外经济贸易大学北京对外开放研究院, 北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1175111270681428851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175111270689817460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, companyId=1175111270681428851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Department of Scientific Research Administration, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175111270694011765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, companyId=1175111270681428851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 对外经济贸易大学科研处, 北京 100029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1175111272690500515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类属性 | 规模 | 占比(%) |
| 流动占比 | 总样本 | 2004人 | |
| 有流动经历 | 935人 | 46.7 |
| 入选长江后有流动 | 226人 | 11.3 |
| 无流动经历 | 1069人 | 53.3 |
| 流动频次 | 总频次 | 1536次 | |
| 入选前流动 | 1066次 | 69.4 |
| 入选后流动 | 266次 | 30.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111272799552422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
流动基本情况统计
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分类属性 | 规模 | 占比(%) |
| 流动占比 | 总样本 | 2004人 | |
| 有流动经历 | 935人 | 46.7 |
| 入选长江后有流动 | 226人 | 11.3 |
| 无流动经历 | 1069人 | 53.3 |
| 流动频次 | 总频次 | 1536次 | |
| 入选前流动 | 1066次 | 69.4 |
| 入选后流动 | 266次 | 30.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111272875049894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量、含义及代码 | 样本数 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
| 是否流动(flow) | 5052 | 0.496 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 经济环境要素 | 经济发展水平(ln_pgdp) | 4437 | 10.782 | 0.496 | 9.543 | 11.730 |
| 居民消费水平(ln_cpi) | 4437 | 9.667 | 0.274 | 9.272 | 10.087 |
| 社会环境要素 | 生活便捷度(soc_conv) | 4437 | 18.442 | 19.782 | 0.310 | 52.285 |
| 空气质量(ln_air) | 4437 | 11.164 | 0.811 | 6.719 | 13.164 |
| 职业发展要素 | 区域创新发展(ln_inno) | 4437 | 10.147 | 1.201 | 4.852 | 11.669 |
| 机构排名(org_rank) | 5052 | 90.545 | 135.215 | 1.000 | 600.000 |
| 机构科研质量(org_res) | 4836 | 1.183 | 0.405 | 0.300 | 2.000 |
| 归土偏好 | 乡土偏好(birth_work) | 3253 | 0.354 | 0.478 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 母校偏好(edu_work) | 5052 | 0.594 | 0.491 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 控制变量 | 年龄(age) | 4644 | 45.305 | 10.542 | 20.000 | 64.000 |
| 所属机构工作年限(work_year) | 5052 | 12.293 | 9.753 | 0.000 | 42.000 |
| 研究领域(res_area) | 5052 | 0.776 | 0.417 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 流动偏好(fl_lover) | 5052 | 0.191 | 0.393 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111272992490407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
各变量含义、代码与描述性统计
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| 变量、含义及代码 | 样本数 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
| 是否流动(flow) | 5052 | 0.496 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 经济环境要素 | 经济发展水平(ln_pgdp) | 4437 | 10.782 | 0.496 | 9.543 | 11.730 |
| 居民消费水平(ln_cpi) | 4437 | 9.667 | 0.274 | 9.272 | 10.087 |
| 社会环境要素 | 生活便捷度(soc_conv) | 4437 | 18.442 | 19.782 | 0.310 | 52.285 |
| 空气质量(ln_air) | 4437 | 11.164 | 0.811 | 6.719 | 13.164 |
| 职业发展要素 | 区域创新发展(ln_inno) | 4437 | 10.147 | 1.201 | 4.852 | 11.669 |
| 机构排名(org_rank) | 5052 | 90.545 | 135.215 | 1.000 | 600.000 |
| 机构科研质量(org_res) | 4836 | 1.183 | 0.405 | 0.300 | 2.000 |
| 归土偏好 | 乡土偏好(birth_work) | 3253 | 0.354 | 0.478 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 母校偏好(edu_work) | 5052 | 0.594 | 0.491 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 控制变量 | 年龄(age) | 4644 | 45.305 | 10.542 | 20.000 | 64.000 |
| 所属机构工作年限(work_year) | 5052 | 12.293 | 9.753 | 0.000 | 42.000 |
| 研究领域(res_area) | 5052 | 0.776 | 0.417 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 流动偏好(fl_lover) | 5052 | 0.191 | 0.393 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273109930921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | 模型(5) |
| ln_pgdp | -1.77 ${{6}^{*}}^{**}$ (0.185) | | | | -1.478*** (0.296) |
| ln_cpi | 2.682*** (0.322) | | | | 2.984*** (0.759) |
| soc_conv | | -0.009*** (0.003) | | | -0.036*** (0.009) |
| ln_air | | 0.092 (0.069) | | | 0.203** (0.094) |
| ln_inno | | | 0.279*** (0.056) | | 0.210* (0.111) |
| org_rank | | | 0.010*** (0.001) | | 0.010*** (0.002) |
| org_res | | | 2.277*** (0.357) | | 3.193*** (0.473) |
| birth_work | | | | -0.282* (0.149) | -0.978*** (0.219) |
| edu_work | | | | 1.307*** (0.161) | 1.243*** (0.191) |
| age | -0.329*** (0.012) | -0.302*** (0.011) | -0.334*** (0.013) | -0.300*** (0.014) | -0.318*** (0.016) |
| work_year | -0.069*** (0.009) | -0.089*** (0.009) | -0.049*** (0.011) | -0.123*** (0.011) | -0.061*** (0.014) |
| res_area | -2.320*** (0.150) | -2.362*** (0.148) | -2.354*** (0.156) | -2.420*** (0.165) | -2.309*** (0.186) |
| fl_lover | 2.058*** (0.187) | 2.123*** (0.184) | 2.402*** (0.203) | 1.896*** (0.210) | 2.593*** (0.272) |
| _cons | 10.452*** (2.210) | 15.448*** (0.952) | 11.070*** (0.767) | 16.211*** (0.676) | -4.735 (6.024) |
| obs | 4105 | 4105 | 3907 | 3092 | 2662 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.6885 | 0.6696 | 0.6943 | 0.6595 | 0.7053 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273269314475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
各类影响因素与人才流动的基本回归结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | 模型(5) |
| ln_pgdp | -1.77 ${{6}^{*}}^{**}$ (0.185) | | | | -1.478*** (0.296) |
| ln_cpi | 2.682*** (0.322) | | | | 2.984*** (0.759) |
| soc_conv | | -0.009*** (0.003) | | | -0.036*** (0.009) |
| ln_air | | 0.092 (0.069) | | | 0.203** (0.094) |
| ln_inno | | | 0.279*** (0.056) | | 0.210* (0.111) |
| org_rank | | | 0.010*** (0.001) | | 0.010*** (0.002) |
| org_res | | | 2.277*** (0.357) | | 3.193*** (0.473) |
| birth_work | | | | -0.282* (0.149) | -0.978*** (0.219) |
| edu_work | | | | 1.307*** (0.161) | 1.243*** (0.191) |
| age | -0.329*** (0.012) | -0.302*** (0.011) | -0.334*** (0.013) | -0.300*** (0.014) | -0.318*** (0.016) |
| work_year | -0.069*** (0.009) | -0.089*** (0.009) | -0.049*** (0.011) | -0.123*** (0.011) | -0.061*** (0.014) |
| res_area | -2.320*** (0.150) | -2.362*** (0.148) | -2.354*** (0.156) | -2.420*** (0.165) | -2.309*** (0.186) |
| fl_lover | 2.058*** (0.187) | 2.123*** (0.184) | 2.402*** (0.203) | 1.896*** (0.210) | 2.593*** (0.272) |
| _cons | 10.452*** (2.210) | 15.448*** (0.952) | 11.070*** (0.767) | 16.211*** (0.676) | -4.735 (6.024) |
| obs | 4105 | 4105 | 3907 | 3092 | 2662 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.6885 | 0.6696 | 0.6943 | 0.6595 | 0.7053 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273365783469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 增加控制变量 | 替换核心解释变量 |
| ln_pgdp/ln_pwage | -1.478*** (0.296) | -2.819*** (0.593) |
| ln_cpi | 2.984*** (0.759) | 4.423*** (0.611) |
| soc_conv/num_worker3 | -0.036*** (0.009) | -0.019*** (0.004) |
| ln_air | 0.203** (0.094) | 0.306*** (0.093) |
| ln_inno/res_num | 0.210* (0.111) | 0.166*** (0.038) |
| org_rank | 0.010*** (0.002) | 0.011*** (0.002) |
| org_res | 3.193*** (0.473) | 3.373*** (0.476) |
| birth_work | -0.978*** (0.219) | -1.005*** (0.218) |
| edu_work | 1.243*** (0.191) | 1.205*** (0.196) |
| age | -0.318*** (0.016) | -0.321*** (0.017) |
| work_year | -0.061*** (0.014) | -0.069*** (0.014) |
| res_area | -2.309*** (0.186) | -2.404*** (0.185) |
| fl_lover | 2.593*** (0.272) | 2.614*** (0.273) |
| work_time | -1.478*** (0.296) | — |
| oversea | -4.735 (6.024) | — |
| _cons | 2.984*** (0.759) | -2.995 (6.177) |
| obs | 2662 | 2662 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.7165 | 0.7049 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273495806894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
稳健性检验回归结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 增加控制变量 | 替换核心解释变量 |
| ln_pgdp/ln_pwage | -1.478*** (0.296) | -2.819*** (0.593) |
| ln_cpi | 2.984*** (0.759) | 4.423*** (0.611) |
| soc_conv/num_worker3 | -0.036*** (0.009) | -0.019*** (0.004) |
| ln_air | 0.203** (0.094) | 0.306*** (0.093) |
| ln_inno/res_num | 0.210* (0.111) | 0.166*** (0.038) |
| org_rank | 0.010*** (0.002) | 0.011*** (0.002) |
| org_res | 3.193*** (0.473) | 3.373*** (0.476) |
| birth_work | -0.978*** (0.219) | -1.005*** (0.218) |
| edu_work | 1.243*** (0.191) | 1.205*** (0.196) |
| age | -0.318*** (0.016) | -0.321*** (0.017) |
| work_year | -0.061*** (0.014) | -0.069*** (0.014) |
| res_area | -2.309*** (0.186) | -2.404*** (0.185) |
| fl_lover | 2.593*** (0.272) | 2.614*** (0.273) |
| work_time | -1.478*** (0.296) | — |
| oversea | -4.735 (6.024) | — |
| _cons | 2.984*** (0.759) | -2.995 (6.177) |
| obs | 2662 | 2662 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.7165 | 0.7049 |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273613247408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 入选前流动 (logit) | 入选后流动 (logit) | 入选后流动 (cloglog) |
| 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) |
| ln_pgdp | -0.994*** (0.347) | -2.116** (0.880) | -1.516*** (0.583) |
| ln_cpi | 3.597*** (0.852) | 1.195 (2.395) | 0.930 (1.925) |
| soc_conv | -0.045*** (0.010) | -0.040 (0.030) | -0.029 (0.025) |
| ln_air | -0.315** (0.149) | 0.910*** (0.276) | 0.805*** (0.204) |
| ln_inno | -0.016 (0.134) | 0.195 (0.333) | -0.097 (0.266) |
| org_rank | 0.008*** (0.002) | 0.019*** (0.005) | 0.014*** (0.004) |
| org_res | 2.577*** (0.491) | 6.850*** (1.550) | 5.573*** (1.230) |
| birth_work | -0.934*** (0.235) | -2.256** (0.917) | -1.198* (0.694) |
| edu_work | 1.214*** (0.209) | 0.712 (0.591) | 0.351 (0.435) |
| age | -0.306*** (0.020) | -0.384*** (0.074) | -0.283*** (0.056) |
| work_year | -0.080*** (0.017) | 0.062 (0.072) | 0.065 (0.053) |
| res_area | -2.339*** (0.202) | -2.065*** (0.756) | -1.580** (0.632) |
| fl_lover | 2.669*** (0.322) | 2.743*** (0.611) | 2.266*** (0.494) |
| _cons | -7.065 (6.621) | 10.338 (20.332) | 6.145 (16.358) |
| obs | 2295 | 367 | 367 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.7134 | 0.7244 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1175111273697133490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1149642864403067256, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同职业阶段各类要素与流动的基本回归结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 入选前流动 (logit) | 入选后流动 (logit) | 入选后流动 (cloglog) |
| 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) |
| ln_pgdp | -0.994*** (0.347) | -2.116** (0.880) | -1.516*** (0.583) |
| ln_cpi | 3.597*** (0.852) | 1.195 (2.395) | 0.930 (1.925) |
| soc_conv | -0.045*** (0.010) | -0.040 (0.030) | -0.029 (0.025) |
| ln_air | -0.315** (0.149) | 0.910*** (0.276) | 0.805*** (0.204) |
| ln_inno | -0.016 (0.134) | 0.195 (0.333) | -0.097 (0.266) |
| org_rank | 0.008*** (0.002) | 0.019*** (0.005) | 0.014*** (0.004) |
| org_res | 2.577*** (0.491) | 6.850*** (1.550) | 5.573*** (1.230) |
| birth_work | -0.934*** (0.235) | -2.256** (0.917) | -1.198* (0.694) |
| edu_work | 1.214*** (0.209) | 0.712 (0.591) | 0.351 (0.435) |
| age | -0.306*** (0.020) | -0.384*** (0.074) | -0.283*** (0.056) |
| work_year | -0.080*** (0.017) | 0.062 (0.072) | 0.065 (0.053) |
| res_area | -2.339*** (0.202) | -2.065*** (0.756) | -1.580** (0.632) |
| fl_lover | 2.669*** (0.322) | 2.743*** (0.611) | 2.266*** (0.494) |
| _cons | -7.065 (6.621) | 10.338 (20.332) | 6.145 (16.358) |
| obs | 2295 | 367 | 367 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.7134 | 0.7244 | |
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