Article(id=1153628120604205132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1153628118079230798, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1002-980X.J24032904, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711641600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752975977325, onlineDateStr=2025-07-20, pubDate=1728489600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752975977325, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752975977325, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752975977325, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153628118079230798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, year='2024', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='139', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752975976724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757554700466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172832677435683713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1153628118079230798, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172832677435683714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, issueId=1153628118079230798, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153628121002664014, articleId=1153628120604205132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, language=EN, title=Enterprise
ESG and Enterprise Innovation Efficiency : A Re-examination from the Perspective of Resource Allocation, columnId=1149284495636906656, journalTitle=Journal of Technology Economics, columnName=Technology Economics Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
ESG is an important breakthrough in the process of moving towards sustainable development and promoting high-quality development at the micro enterprise level, which is also an important realization way to promote the sustainable development of the capital market. A reasonable assessment of the innovation value effect of ESG is of great significance for accelerating the construction of a scientific and technological powerhouse at the new development stage. Grounded in the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2021, the empirical results using the individual fixed effect model show that, firstly, corporate ESG performance can strengthen corporate innovation efficiency and possess the efficiency improvement effect of corporate innovation, and the conclusion of the study still holds after a series of robustness tests and consideration of endogeneity issues. Second, corporate ESG performance improves corporate innovation efficiency through the triple mechanism of strengthening corporate R&D investment, alleviating corporate financing constraints, and reducing corporate agency costs, and it improves corporate innovation efficiency through R&D incentives and cost-saving effects. Third, there is heterogeneity in the improvement effect of corporate ESG on corporate innovation efficiency, which is more obvious in the sample enterprises with higher degree of marketization, private enterprises and overseas executives. The findings provide empirical references for the optimization of innovation resource allocation based on ESG strategic change in the new development stage.
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ESG作为微观企业层面迈向可持续发展进程与推动高质量发展的重要突破口,也是推动资本市场可持续发展的重要实现方式,合理评估 ESG的创新价值效应对于新发展阶段加快建设科技强国具有重要意义。本文以2012—2021年沪深A股上市公司为实证研究样本,基于个体固定效应模型进行实证检验结果表明:第一,企业 ESG 表现能够强化企业创新效率,具备企业创新的效率改善效应,在系列稳健性检验和考虑内生性问题后研究结论依然成立;第二,企业 ESG 表现通过强化企业研发投入、缓解企业融资约束及降低企业代理成本三重作用机制提高企业创新效率,即以研发激励和成本节约效应改善企业创新效率;第三,企业 ESG 对企业创新效率的改善效应存在异质性,表现为在市场化程度更高、民营企业和具有海外高管的样本企业中的促进效应更为明显。本文为新发展阶段立足ESG战略变革引领创新资源配置优化提供经验参考。
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阳镇,博士,中国社会科学院工业经济研究所副研究员,中国企业管理研究会常务理事,研究方向:技术创新与企业可持续发展:
王越,中国人民大学财政金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:财税政策与企业创新。
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5 ( 5 ): 100 - 120 ., articleTitle=因果推断经验研究中的中介效应与调节效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1154148523265216589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=王小鲁, 胡李鹏, 樊纲, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王小鲁 , 胡李鹏 , 樊纲 . 中国分省份市场化指数报告 [M]. 北京 : 社会科学文献出版社 ,
2021 ., articleTitle=中国分省份市场化指数报告, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1154148520203375596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, awardId=1400-202357346A-1-1-ZN, language=CN, fundingSource=国家电网公司科技项目“基于监管与经营目标协同的电网企业战略决策支撑关键技术研究”(1400-202357346A-1-1-ZN), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148520266290158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, awardId=2024QQJH107, language=CN, fundingSource=中国社会科学院“青启计划”项目“中国式现代化进程中的ESG 驱动机制研究”(2024QQJH107), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1154148520333399024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, awardId=24AGL018, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金重点项目“支撑企业新质生产力的创新模式与创新政策研究”(24AGL018), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154148514532676432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154148514541065041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, companyId=1154148514532676432, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 中国社会科学院 工业经济研究所 北京 100006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154148516298478439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154148516306867047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, companyId=1154148516298478439, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3 中国人民大学 财政金融学院 北京 100872)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154148518508876722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=I4ln/rc2QkIdtSQY7rLeWQ==, figureFileBig=u70mu5XHogbiE/VzwpGFiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154148518567596980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
企业年均创新效率变化趋势图, figureFileSmall=I4ln/rc2QkIdtSQY7rLeWQ==, figureFileBig=u70mu5XHogbiE/VzwpGFiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154148518626317239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 变量定义 |
| 被解释变量 | 企业创新效率 | InnoEff | 每单位研发投入的专利申请总量 |
| 解释变量 | 企业 ESG | ESG | 华证 ESG 评级 |
| 中介变量 | 研发投入 | \({RD}\) | 研发费用/营业收入 |
| 融资成本 | COS | 企业利息支出/总负债 |
| 代理成本 | \({AC}\) | 管理费用/营业收入 |
| 控制变量 | 企业规模 | Size | \(\ln \left(\text{总资产}\right)\) |
| 资产负债率 | Lev | 总负债/总资产 |
| 现金流比率 | Cashflow | 总负债/总资产 |
| 营收增长率 | Growth | 本年营业收入/上一年营业收入-1 |
| 总资产净收益率 | ROA | 净利润/总资产 |
| 企业成立年份 | FirmAge | \(\ln \left(\text{当年年份一企业成立年份+1}\right)\) |
| 董事人数 | Board | \(\ln \left({\text{董事人数}+ 1}\right)\) |
| 独立董事比例 | Indep | 独立董事/董事人数 |
| 两职合一 | Dual | 如果 CEO 和董事长为同一人,则取1 , 否则取0 |
| 第一大股东持股比例 | Top 1 | 第一大股东持股数量/总股数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148518697620410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
主要变量及测度方法, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 变量定义 |
| 被解释变量 | 企业创新效率 | InnoEff | 每单位研发投入的专利申请总量 |
| 解释变量 | 企业 ESG | ESG | 华证 ESG 评级 |
| 中介变量 | 研发投入 | \({RD}\) | 研发费用/营业收入 |
| 融资成本 | COS | 企业利息支出/总负债 |
| 代理成本 | \({AC}\) | 管理费用/营业收入 |
| 控制变量 | 企业规模 | Size | \(\ln \left(\text{总资产}\right)\) |
| 资产负债率 | Lev | 总负债/总资产 |
| 现金流比率 | Cashflow | 总负债/总资产 |
| 营收增长率 | Growth | 本年营业收入/上一年营业收入-1 |
| 总资产净收益率 | ROA | 净利润/总资产 |
| 企业成立年份 | FirmAge | \(\ln \left(\text{当年年份一企业成立年份+1}\right)\) |
| 董事人数 | Board | \(\ln \left({\text{董事人数}+ 1}\right)\) |
| 独立董事比例 | Indep | 独立董事/董事人数 |
| 两职合一 | Dual | 如果 CEO 和董事长为同一人,则取1 , 否则取0 |
| 第一大股东持股比例 | Top 1 | 第一大股东持股数量/总股数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148518773117885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量名 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 1/4 分位 | 中位数 | 3/4 分位 | 最大值 |
| InnoEff | 21780 | 0.168 | 0.083 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.179 | 0.226 | 0.341 |
| ESG | 21780 | 4.103 | 1.115 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 5.000 | 6.000 |
| \({RD}\) | 19040 | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.019 | 0.03 | 0.276 |
| COS | 19621 | 0.019 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.017 | 0.028 | 0.063 |
| \({AC}\) | 21780 | 0.170 | 0.132 | 0.012 | 0.080 | 0.133 | 0.215 | 0.735 |
| Size | 21780 | 22.23 | 1.271 | 19.89 | 21.32 | 22.04 | 22.94 | 26.02 |
| Lev | 21780 | 0.413 | 0.198 | 0.055 | 0.254 | 0.405 | 0.559 | 0.898 |
| Cashflow | 21780 | 0.048 | 0.065 | -0.152 | 0.010 | 0.047 | 0.086 | 0.229 |
| Growth | 21780 | 0.167 | 0.365 | -0.552 | -0.019 | 0.112 | 0.268 | 2.235 |
| ROA | 21780 | 0.040 | 0.064 | -0.225 | 0.014 | 0.039 | 0.072 | 0.208 |
| FirmAge | 21780 | 2.887 | 0.332 | 1.609 | 2.708 | 2.944 | 3.135 | 3.497 |
| Board | 21780 | 2.133 | 0.195 | 1.609 | 1.946 | 2.197 | 2.197 | 2.639 |
| Indep | 21780 | 0.376 | 0.054 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.364 | 0.429 | 0.571 |
| Dual | 21780 | 0.297 | 0.457 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Top1 | 21780 | 0.334 | 0.145 | 0.089 | 0.222 | 0.312 | 0.428 | 0.729 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148518844421055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
主要变量描述性统计, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量名 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 1/4 分位 | 中位数 | 3/4 分位 | 最大值 |
| InnoEff | 21780 | 0.168 | 0.083 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.179 | 0.226 | 0.341 |
| ESG | 21780 | 4.103 | 1.115 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 5.000 | 6.000 |
| \({RD}\) | 19040 | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.019 | 0.03 | 0.276 |
| COS | 19621 | 0.019 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.017 | 0.028 | 0.063 |
| \({AC}\) | 21780 | 0.170 | 0.132 | 0.012 | 0.080 | 0.133 | 0.215 | 0.735 |
| Size | 21780 | 22.23 | 1.271 | 19.89 | 21.32 | 22.04 | 22.94 | 26.02 |
| Lev | 21780 | 0.413 | 0.198 | 0.055 | 0.254 | 0.405 | 0.559 | 0.898 |
| Cashflow | 21780 | 0.048 | 0.065 | -0.152 | 0.010 | 0.047 | 0.086 | 0.229 |
| Growth | 21780 | 0.167 | 0.365 | -0.552 | -0.019 | 0.112 | 0.268 | 2.235 |
| ROA | 21780 | 0.040 | 0.064 | -0.225 | 0.014 | 0.039 | 0.072 | 0.208 |
| FirmAge | 21780 | 2.887 | 0.332 | 1.609 | 2.708 | 2.944 | 3.135 | 3.497 |
| Board | 21780 | 2.133 | 0.195 | 1.609 | 1.946 | 2.197 | 2.197 | 2.639 |
| Indep | 21780 | 0.376 | 0.054 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.364 | 0.429 | 0.571 |
| Dual | 21780 | 0.297 | 0.457 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Top1 | 21780 | 0.334 | 0.145 | 0.089 | 0.222 | 0.312 | 0.428 | 0.729 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148518936695746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| ESG | \({0.003}^{***}\left({6.834}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(4.268) | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({4.330}\right)\) |
| Size | | \({0.023}{}^{***}\left({19.777}\right)\) | \({0.023}{}^{***}\left({19.549}\right)\) |
| Lev | | \(-{0.008}^{*}\left({-{1.779}}\right)\) | \(-{0.008}^{*}\left({-{1.766}}\right)\) |
| Cashflow | | \(-{0.013}^{*}\left({-{1.808}}\right)\) | \(-{0.013}^{*}\left({-{1.775}}\right)\) |
| Growth | | 0.000 (0.005) | 0.000 (0.001) |
| ROA | | \({0.001}\left({0.159}\right)\) | \({0.000}\left({0.044}\right)\) |
| FirmAge | | \(-{0.009}\left({-{1.494}}\right)\) | \(-{0.008}\left({-{1.297}}\right)\) |
| Board | | | \({0.002}\left({0.460}\right)\) |
| Indep | | | \(-{0.016}\left({-{1.212}}\right)\) |
| Dual | | | 0.002 (1.572) |
| Top1 | | | 0.007(0.990) |
| Constant | \({0.155}^{***}\left({80.849}\right)\) | \(-{0.319}^{***}\left({-{10.655}}\right)\) | \(-{0.320}{}^{***}\left({-{9.840}}\right)\) |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 企业固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.685 | 0.694 | 0.694 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519012193220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
企业 ESG 对企业创新效率的基准回归结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| ESG | \({0.003}^{***}\left({6.834}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(4.268) | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({4.330}\right)\) |
| Size | | \({0.023}{}^{***}\left({19.777}\right)\) | \({0.023}{}^{***}\left({19.549}\right)\) |
| Lev | | \(-{0.008}^{*}\left({-{1.779}}\right)\) | \(-{0.008}^{*}\left({-{1.766}}\right)\) |
| Cashflow | | \(-{0.013}^{*}\left({-{1.808}}\right)\) | \(-{0.013}^{*}\left({-{1.775}}\right)\) |
| Growth | | 0.000 (0.005) | 0.000 (0.001) |
| ROA | | \({0.001}\left({0.159}\right)\) | \({0.000}\left({0.044}\right)\) |
| FirmAge | | \(-{0.009}\left({-{1.494}}\right)\) | \(-{0.008}\left({-{1.297}}\right)\) |
| Board | | | \({0.002}\left({0.460}\right)\) |
| Indep | | | \(-{0.016}\left({-{1.212}}\right)\) |
| Dual | | | 0.002 (1.572) |
| Top1 | | | 0.007(0.990) |
| Constant | \({0.155}^{***}\left({80.849}\right)\) | \(-{0.319}^{***}\left({-{10.655}}\right)\) | \(-{0.320}{}^{***}\left({-{9.840}}\right)\) |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 企业固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.685 | 0.694 | 0.694 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519075107783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| InnoEff \({f}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) |
| ESG | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.458}\right)\) | | |
| \({ESG}_{2}\) | | \({0.003}^{***}\left({3.034}\right)\) | \({0.003}^{***}\left({2.707}\right)\) |
| Constant | \(-{0.316}^{***}\left({-{8.362}}\right)\) | \(-{0.323}^{***}\left({-{9.922}}\right)\) | \(-{0.319}^{***}\left({-{8.433}}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.666 | 0.694 | 0.666 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519175771080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
稳健性检验: 替换被解释变量 & 解释变量, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| InnoEff \({f}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) |
| ESG | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.458}\right)\) | | |
| \({ESG}_{2}\) | | \({0.003}^{***}\left({3.034}\right)\) | \({0.003}^{***}\left({2.707}\right)\) |
| Constant | \(-{0.316}^{***}\left({-{8.362}}\right)\) | \(-{0.323}^{***}\left({-{9.922}}\right)\) | \(-{0.319}^{***}\left({-{8.433}}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.666 | 0.694 | 0.666 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519255462860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| ESG | \({0.002}^{***}\left({4.344}\right)\) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.886}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.999) | 0.002 ***(4.248) |
| Inagdp | \(-{0.004}^{*}\left({-{1.935}}\right)\) | \(-{0.007}^{***}\left({-{2.769}}\right)\) | \(-{0.005}^{**}\left({-{2.049}}\right)\) | |
| sgdp | \(-{0.014}\left({-{1.076}}\right)\) | \(-{0.007}\left({-{0.571}}\right)\) | \(-{0.017}\left({-{1.225}}\right)\) | |
| Infc | \({0.001}\left({0.856}\right)\) | \({0.000}\left({0.197}\right)\) | \({0.002}\left({0.854}\right)\) | |
| DID_carbon | | | | \({0.000}\left({0.146}\right)\) |
| Constant | \(-{0.287}^{***}\left({-{6.107}}\right)\) | \(-{0.239}{}^{***}\left({-{4.796}}\right)\) | \(-{0.271}{}^{***}\left({-{5.309}}\right)\) | \(-{0.320}{}^{***}\left({-{9.778}}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 城市固定效应 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
| 是否剔除直辖市样本 | 否 | 否 | 是 | 否 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.694 | 0.697 | 0.677 | 0.694 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 17350 | 21655 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519339348943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
稳健性检验: 排除城市因素对结果的影响, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| ESG | \({0.002}^{***}\left({4.344}\right)\) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.886}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.999) | 0.002 ***(4.248) |
| Inagdp | \(-{0.004}^{*}\left({-{1.935}}\right)\) | \(-{0.007}^{***}\left({-{2.769}}\right)\) | \(-{0.005}^{**}\left({-{2.049}}\right)\) | |
| sgdp | \(-{0.014}\left({-{1.076}}\right)\) | \(-{0.007}\left({-{0.571}}\right)\) | \(-{0.017}\left({-{1.225}}\right)\) | |
| Infc | \({0.001}\left({0.856}\right)\) | \({0.000}\left({0.197}\right)\) | \({0.002}\left({0.854}\right)\) | |
| DID_carbon | | | | \({0.000}\left({0.146}\right)\) |
| Constant | \(-{0.287}^{***}\left({-{6.107}}\right)\) | \(-{0.239}{}^{***}\left({-{4.796}}\right)\) | \(-{0.271}{}^{***}\left({-{5.309}}\right)\) | \(-{0.320}{}^{***}\left({-{9.778}}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 城市固定效应 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
| 是否剔除直辖市样本 | 否 | 否 | 是 | 否 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.694 | 0.697 | 0.677 | 0.694 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 17350 | 21655 |
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| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEf \({f}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) |
| ESG | 0.003 ***(6.834) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.988}\right)\) | \({0.003}^{***}\left({5.813}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.423) |
| L. Size | | 0.014**(10.873) | | \({0.015}^{***}\left({9.748}\right)\) |
| L. Lev | | \(-{0.010}^{*}\left({-{1.929}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.013}^{**}\left({-{2.140}}\right)\) |
| L. Cashflow | | \(-{0.009}\left({-{1.195}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.012}\left({-{1.268}}\right)\) |
| L. Growth | | 0.001 (0.442) | | \({0.001}\left({0.543}\right)\) |
| L. ROA | | \({0.045}^{***}\left({4.547}\right)\) | | \({0.042}^{***}\left({3.639}\right)\) |
| L. FirmAge | | \(-{0.001}\left({-{0.160}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.001}\left({-{0.116}}\right)\) |
| L. Board | | \({0.009}^{*}\left({1.852}\right)\) | | \({0.012}^{**}\left({2.031}\right)\) |
| L. Indep | | \(-{0.006}\left({-{0.375}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.000}\left({-{0.007}}\right)\) |
| L. Dual | | \({0.003}^{**}\left({2.326}\right)\) | | \({0.004}^{**}\left({2.223}\right)\) |
| L. Top1 | | \({0.006}\left({0.674}\right)\) | | 0.004(0.409) |
| Constant | \({0.155}^{***}\left({80.849}\right)\) | \(-{0.168}^{***}\left({-{4.258}}\right)\) | \({0.195}^{***}\left({87.394}\right)\) | \(-{0.147}^{***}\left({-{3.227}}\right)\) |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.685 | 0.703 | 0.657 | 0.675 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 17911 | 21780 | 17911 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519477760981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
稳健性检验: 控制变量滞后一期, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEf \({f}_{2}\) | InnoEff \({}_{2}\) |
| ESG | 0.003 ***(6.834) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({3.988}\right)\) | \({0.003}^{***}\left({5.813}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.423) |
| L. Size | | 0.014**(10.873) | | \({0.015}^{***}\left({9.748}\right)\) |
| L. Lev | | \(-{0.010}^{*}\left({-{1.929}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.013}^{**}\left({-{2.140}}\right)\) |
| L. Cashflow | | \(-{0.009}\left({-{1.195}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.012}\left({-{1.268}}\right)\) |
| L. Growth | | 0.001 (0.442) | | \({0.001}\left({0.543}\right)\) |
| L. ROA | | \({0.045}^{***}\left({4.547}\right)\) | | \({0.042}^{***}\left({3.639}\right)\) |
| L. FirmAge | | \(-{0.001}\left({-{0.160}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.001}\left({-{0.116}}\right)\) |
| L. Board | | \({0.009}^{*}\left({1.852}\right)\) | | \({0.012}^{**}\left({2.031}\right)\) |
| L. Indep | | \(-{0.006}\left({-{0.375}}\right)\) | | \(-{0.000}\left({-{0.007}}\right)\) |
| L. Dual | | \({0.003}^{**}\left({2.326}\right)\) | | \({0.004}^{**}\left({2.223}\right)\) |
| L. Top1 | | \({0.006}\left({0.674}\right)\) | | 0.004(0.409) |
| Constant | \({0.155}^{***}\left({80.849}\right)\) | \(-{0.168}^{***}\left({-{4.258}}\right)\) | \({0.195}^{***}\left({87.394}\right)\) | \(-{0.147}^{***}\left({-{3.227}}\right)\) |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.685 | 0.703 | 0.657 | 0.675 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 17911 | 21780 | 17911 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519540675544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| \({QR}\_ {25}\) | QR_50 | \({QR}\_ {75}\) | QR_90 |
| ESG | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({2.831}\right)\) | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({4.127}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.254) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({2.637}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519599395802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
稳健性检验: 分位数回归, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff | InnoEff |
| \({QR}\_ {25}\) | QR_50 | \({QR}\_ {75}\) | QR_90 |
| ESG | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({2.831}\right)\) | 0.002 \({}^{***}\left({4.127}\right)\) | 0.002 ***(3.254) | \({0.002}^{***}\left({2.637}\right)\) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519666504668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) |
| ESG | InnoEff |
| Mean_ESG | 0.879 ***(90.305) | |
| ESG | | 0.003 ***(2.596) |
| Constant | -3.328 ***(-7.129) | -0.341***(-7.532) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.650 | 0.015 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519725224926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
内生性检验, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) |
| ESG | InnoEff |
| Mean_ESG | 0.879 ***(90.305) | |
| ESG | | 0.003 ***(2.596) |
| Constant | -3.328 ***(-7.129) | -0.341***(-7.532) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.650 | 0.015 |
| 样本量 | 21780 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519792333792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| \({RD}\) | COS | \({AC}\) |
| ESG | \({0.000}^{***}\left({3.083}\right)\) | \(-{0.001}^{***}\left({-{9.225}}\right)\) | \(-{0.002}^{***}\left({-{3.988}}\right)\) |
| Constant | 0.121 ***(14.864) | \(-{0.030}{}^{***}\left({-{4.519}}\right)\) | 0.765 ***(15.071) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.851 | 0.649 | 0.825 |
| 样本量 | 18819 | 19505 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519846859746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
机制检验, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| \({RD}\) | COS | \({AC}\) |
| ESG | \({0.000}^{***}\left({3.083}\right)\) | \(-{0.001}^{***}\left({-{9.225}}\right)\) | \(-{0.002}^{***}\left({-{3.988}}\right)\) |
| Constant | 0.121 ***(14.864) | \(-{0.030}{}^{***}\left({-{4.519}}\right)\) | 0.765 ***(15.071) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.851 | 0.649 | 0.825 |
| 样本量 | 18819 | 19505 | 21780 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148519918162916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| 市场化程度高 | 市场化程度低 | 国有企业 | 民营企业 | 海归高管 | 非海归高管 |
| ESG | 0.002 ***(3.251) | 0.002*(1.875) | 0.001 (0.897) | 0.002 ***(3.506) | 0.002**(2.219) | 0.002 (1.578) |
| Constant | -0.338***(-8.160) | -0.252}{***(-3.918) | -0.370}{***(-5.595) | -0.342***(-8.619) | -0.300***(-5.604) | -0.304***(-4.172) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.707 | 0.687 | 0.740 | 0.673 | 0.698 | 0.652 |
| 样本量 | 13435 | 7334 | 6626 | 15124 | 12736 | 8613 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154148520006243302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120045056339983, articleId=1153628120604205132, language=CN, label=表10, caption=
异质性分析, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| 市场化程度高 | 市场化程度低 | 国有企业 | 民营企业 | 海归高管 | 非海归高管 |
| ESG | 0.002 ***(3.251) | 0.002*(1.875) | 0.001 (0.897) | 0.002 ***(3.506) | 0.002**(2.219) | 0.002 (1.578) |
| Constant | -0.338***(-8.160) | -0.252}{***(-3.918) | -0.370}{***(-5.595) | -0.342***(-8.619) | -0.300***(-5.604) | -0.304***(-4.172) |
| Controls | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 企业固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 调整后的 \({R}^{2}\) | 0.707 | 0.687 | 0.740 | 0.673 | 0.698 | 0.652 |
| 样本量 | 13435 | 7334 | 6626 | 15124 | 12736 | 8613 |
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