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在全球气候变化加剧背景下，极端高温、干旱、强降雨、低温冻害等气候事件对农业生产稳定性、农田基础设施运行和农户生计安全形成持续冲击。与此同时，农村人口老龄化不断加深，农业劳动力结构、农户技术采纳能力、农田基础设施管护能力和灾后恢复能力均受到影响，使农业韧性建设面临新的现实约束。本文从农村人口老龄化与极端气候风险叠加的视角出发，分析老龄化影响农业气候韧性的作用机制，指出当前农业韧性建设中存在气候风险变化与老龄农户经验决策不匹配、农田基础设施管护薄弱、适老化农技供给不足、保险金融支持不精准、多主体协同不足等问题，并提出优化农业国土空间布局、完善高标准农田建管机制、发展适老化社会化服务、强化气候预警与农技服务、健全农业保险和金融支持、构建多主体协同治理体系等路径，以期为极端气候下农业韧性提升和乡村振兴提供参考。

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