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Article(id=1276897056945996571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, issueId=1276897056350405403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20250140, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749225600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782365581976, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782365581976, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782365581976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782365581976, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276897056350405403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, year='2026', volume='24', issue='3', pageStart='261', pageEnd='428', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782365581834, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782367082282, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276903349781926250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, issueId=1276897056350405403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276903349781926251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, issueId=1276897056350405403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=400, endPage=412, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276897060368548637, articleId=1276897056945996571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, language=EN, title=The measurement on concentration change of carbon dioxide over the nest entrance of Odontotermes formosanus （shiraki）, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using portable CO₂ detectors to locate tunnel entrances and nests of the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus （Shiraki） in agricultural， forestry， and water conservancy facilities facilitates rapid nest localization and enables scientific control measures.Using a special portable carbon dioxide detection device， the detection area was set up in the serious occurrence plot of O. formosanus. The device was used to detect the ground carbon dioxide concentration， and the concentration anomaly point was excavated to verify the nests and nests entrance of O. formosanus. In addition， the carbon dioxide gas source point at the entrance of the simulated termite nest was set up to determine the concentration diffusion range of carbon dioxide under different wind speeds and wind directions. The device used in the environment with atmospheric wind speed of 0~0.12 m/s can quickly detect abnormal points of carbon dioxide concentration （ termite nest entrance， decayed dead wood or leaves ）. After excavation， it is confirmed that the carbon dioxide concentration at the entrance of the ant road is above 0.10%. In simulations of the carbon dioxide gas source， at wind speeds of 0， 0.1， 0.2， 0.4， 0.8， 1.6， and 3.2 m/s， the downwind distance from the source point to where the CO₂ concentration reaches 0.05% is 0.4， 1.0， 1.0， 0.6， 0.4， 0.2， and 0 m， respectively. The distance from the site with a concentration of more than 0.05% in the crosswind direction to the gas source point is 0.4， 0.4， 0.2， 0.2， 0 and 0 m， respectively. The distance between the abnormal site of carbon dioxide concentration and the gas source point is significantly affected by wind direction and wind speed. The portable carbon dioxide detection device can easily detect the abnormal value of carbon dioxide concentration at the entrance of the termite nest in the termite occurrence site. Combined with wind speed， wind direction， measuring point distance， etc.， the position of the O. formosanus nests entrance can be quickly detected after eliminating interference factors.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zhenhui JIN, Dianxuan WANG, Weidong CHEN, Xinwang CHEN, Xuqin LIN, Jiawei CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276897062176293683, articleId=1276897056945996571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, language=CN, title=黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口上二氧化碳浓度检测研究, columnId=0, journalTitle=中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用便捷式二氧化碳检测仪探测农林水利等场所土栖性害虫黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus（Shiraki）蚁道口及其巢穴有助于快速定位蚁巢进而进行科学治理。利用特制便携式二氧化碳检测装置，在黑翅土白蚁严重发生地块设定检测区域，用该装置进行地面上二氧化碳浓度检测，对浓度异常点挖掘验证蚁巢蚁道口。另外设置模拟蚁道口的二氧化碳气源点，测定不同风速、风向下二氧化碳浓度扩散范围。大气风速0~0.12 m/s环境下所用装置可快速检测出蚁道口、腐败枯木或树叶处附近地面上二氧化碳浓度异常点位，挖掘后证实蚁道口处的二氧化碳浓度均在0.10%以上。模拟风速0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s和二氧化碳气源时，气源点下风方向可检测到对应风速下二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上的位点至气源点的距离分别为0.4、1.0、1.0、0.6、0.4、0.2和0.0 m，侧风方向二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上的位点至气源点的距离相应为0.4、0.4、0.2、0.2、0.2、0.0和0.0 m，二氧化碳浓度异常位点与气源点的间距受风向和风速影响显著。便携式二氧化碳检测装置可方便检测到土栖白蚁发生场所蚁道口处二氧化碳浓度异常值，结合风速、风向、测点距离等，排除干扰因素后可快速检测黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口位置。

, authors=

金振辉（1999—），硕士生，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究。E-mail：

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王殿轩（1962—），博士，教授，主要从事储藏物昆虫及害虫综合治理研究。E-mail：
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金振辉（1999—），硕士生，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究。E-mail：

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金振辉（1999—），硕士生，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究。E-mail：

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Yangling：Northwest A & F University，2019. （in Chinese）, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276897083273642951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庄晓东，谢军龙，侯佳鑫，等. 静风条件下CO2重气扩散数值模拟研究［J］. 工程热物理学报，2022，43（6）：1512-1518., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276897083349140424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHUANG Xiaodong，XIE Junlong，HOU Jiaxin，et al. 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Carbon dioxide concentration and wind speed and direction at entrance of termite nests and rotten wood sites in area A

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
A1蚁道口点50.0846±0.000 640.05±0.004东风
A2蚁道口点250.0869±0.000 560.08±0.012东风
A3蚁道口点300.1151±0.001 040.09±0.007东风
A4蚁道口点50.0703±0.000 980.11±0.024东风
A5蚁道口点50.0955±0.000 090.03±0.001东风
A6蚁道口点100.0816±0.000 090.13±0.007东风
A7蚁道口点150.0867±0.000 190.01±0.001东北风
A8蚁道口点100.0854±0.000 070.10±0.038东风
A9蚁道口点200.0941±0.000 180.09±0.012东北风
F1腐败枯木点100.0988±0.000 43
F2腐败枯木点250.0961±0.000 210.02±0.003东北风
F3腐败枯木点200.1155±0.000 12
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074666931065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

A区蚁道口和腐败枯木点的二氧化碳浓度及对应风速风向

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
A1蚁道口点50.0846±0.000 640.05±0.004东风
A2蚁道口点250.0869±0.000 560.08±0.012东风
A3蚁道口点300.1151±0.001 040.09±0.007东风
A4蚁道口点50.0703±0.000 980.11±0.024东风
A5蚁道口点50.0955±0.000 090.03±0.001东风
A6蚁道口点100.0816±0.000 090.13±0.007东风
A7蚁道口点150.0867±0.000 190.01±0.001东北风
A8蚁道口点100.0854±0.000 070.10±0.038东风
A9蚁道口点200.0941±0.000 180.09±0.012东北风
F1腐败枯木点100.0988±0.000 43
F2腐败枯木点250.0961±0.000 210.02±0.003东北风
F3腐败枯木点200.1155±0.000 12
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074729845626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Carbon dioxide concentration and wind speed and direction at entrance of termite nests and rotten wood sites in area B

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
B1蚁道口点100.0835±0.000 190.12±0.013东北风
B2蚁道口点250.1043±0.000 080.07±0.024北风
B3蚁道口点100.0868±0.000 250.11±0.016东北风
B4蚁道口点100.0766±0.000 620.09±0.003东北风
B5蚁道口点50.1132±0.000 130.07±0.004东北风
B6蚁道口点100.0859±0.000 480.11±0.019东北风
B7蚁道口点200.0431±0.000 070.06±0.002东风
B8蚁道口点150.0422±0.000 280.13±0.025东北风
B9蚁道口点200.1258±0.000 110.01±0.011北风
B10蚁道口点150.1123±0.000 300.04±0.010东风
B11蚁道口点00.1117±0.000 100.04±0.014东北风
F4腐败枯木点100.1258±0.000 180.07±0.006东风
F5腐败枯木点50.1151±0.000 110.10±0.027东风
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074788565883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

B区蚁道口和腐败枯木点的二氧化碳浓度及对应风速风向

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
B1蚁道口点100.0835±0.000 190.12±0.013东北风
B2蚁道口点250.1043±0.000 080.07±0.024北风
B3蚁道口点100.0868±0.000 250.11±0.016东北风
B4蚁道口点100.0766±0.000 620.09±0.003东北风
B5蚁道口点50.1132±0.000 130.07±0.004东北风
B6蚁道口点100.0859±0.000 480.11±0.019东北风
B7蚁道口点200.0431±0.000 070.06±0.002东风
B8蚁道口点150.0422±0.000 280.13±0.025东北风
B9蚁道口点200.1258±0.000 110.01±0.011北风
B10蚁道口点150.1123±0.000 300.04±0.010东风
B11蚁道口点00.1117±0.000 100.04±0.014东北风
F4腐败枯木点100.1258±0.000 180.07±0.006东风
F5腐败枯木点50.1151±0.000 110.10±0.027东风
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074864063356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Carbon dioxide concentration and wind speed and direction at entrance of termite nests and rotten wood sites in area C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
C1蚁道口点200.1384±0.000 280.12±0.025西南风
C2蚁道口点300.0424±0.000 630.14±0.032西南风
C3蚁道口点100.0826±0.000 230.14±0.010西南风
C4蚁道口点50.0416±0.000 280.09±0.000西南风
C5蚁道口点100.1243±0.000 410.06±0.006西南风
C6蚁道口点50.0939±0.000 370.01±0.011西南风
C7蚁道口点150.0873±0.000 140.10±0.024西南风
C8蚁道口点100.1473±0.000 140.12±0.036西南风
C9蚁道口点50.0452±0.000 740.04±0.002西南风
C10蚁道口点50.0432±0.000 760.15±0.058西南风
F6腐败枯木点50.1139±0.000 21
F7腐败枯木点50.1207±0.000 090.08±0.009西南风
F8腐败枯木点100.1071±0.000 270.15±0.013西南风
F9腐败枯木点150.1289±0.000 380.03±0.004西南风
F10腐败枯木点50.1245±0.000 350.11±0.031西南风
F11腐败枯木点100.1021±0.000 120.07±0.002西南风
F12腐败枯木点200.5730±0.000 000.13±0.040西南风
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074926977917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

C区蚁道口和腐败枯木点的二氧化碳浓度及对应风速风向

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
C1蚁道口点200.1384±0.000 280.12±0.025西南风
C2蚁道口点300.0424±0.000 630.14±0.032西南风
C3蚁道口点100.0826±0.000 230.14±0.010西南风
C4蚁道口点50.0416±0.000 280.09±0.000西南风
C5蚁道口点100.1243±0.000 410.06±0.006西南风
C6蚁道口点50.0939±0.000 370.01±0.011西南风
C7蚁道口点150.0873±0.000 140.10±0.024西南风
C8蚁道口点100.1473±0.000 140.12±0.036西南风
C9蚁道口点50.0452±0.000 740.04±0.002西南风
C10蚁道口点50.0432±0.000 760.15±0.058西南风
F6腐败枯木点50.1139±0.000 21
F7腐败枯木点50.1207±0.000 090.08±0.009西南风
F8腐败枯木点100.1071±0.000 270.15±0.013西南风
F9腐败枯木点150.1289±0.000 380.03±0.004西南风
F10腐败枯木点50.1245±0.000 350.11±0.031西南风
F11腐败枯木点100.1021±0.000 120.07±0.002西南风
F12腐败枯木点200.5730±0.000 000.13±0.040西南风
), ArticleFig(id=1276897074989892478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Carbon dioxide concentration and wind speed and direction at entrance of termite nests and rotten wood sites in area D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
D1蚁道口点200.0496±0.000 330.16±0.037西南风
D2蚁道口点250.0824±0.000 060.13±0.074西南风
D3蚁道口点250.0900±0.000 180.10±0.028西南风
D4蚁道口点200.0815±0.000 130.01±0.007西南风
D5蚁道口点150.1201±0.000 110.13±0.030西南风
D6蚁道口点200.1137±0.000 290.06±0.011西南风
D7蚁道口点100.1091±0.000 150.01±0.000西南风
F13腐败枯木点250.1440±0.000 27
F14腐败枯木点200.1257±0.000 490.17±0.041西南风
F15腐败枯木点50.5730±0.000 000.20±0.065西南风
L1裸露蚁巢100.5730±0.000 000.11±0.015西南风
L2裸露蚁巢50.2314±0.000 060.05±0.003西南风
), ArticleFig(id=1276897075057001343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577071032668183, articleId=1276897056945996571, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

D区蚁道口、腐败枯木点和裸露蚁巢的二氧化碳浓度及对应风速风向

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标记点测点至蚁道口间距/cm二氧化碳浓度/%风速/（m/s）风向
D1蚁道口点200.0496±0.000 330.16±0.037西南风
D2蚁道口点250.0824±0.000 060.13±0.074西南风
D3蚁道口点250.0900±0.000 180.10±0.028西南风
D4蚁道口点200.0815±0.000 130.01±0.007西南风
D5蚁道口点150.1201±0.000 110.13±0.030西南风
D6蚁道口点200.1137±0.000 290.06±0.011西南风
D7蚁道口点100.1091±0.000 150.01±0.000西南风
F13腐败枯木点250.1440±0.000 27
F14腐败枯木点200.1257±0.000 490.17±0.041西南风
F15腐败枯木点50.5730±0.000 000.20±0.065西南风
L1裸露蚁巢100.5730±0.000 000.11±0.015西南风
L2裸露蚁巢50.2314±0.000 060.05±0.003西南风
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黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口上二氧化碳浓度检测研究
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金振辉 1 , 王殿轩 1 , 陈卫东 2 , 陈新望 2 , 林旭勤 2 , 陈嘉玮 2
中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文） | 2026,24(3): 400-412
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中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文） | 2026 , 24 (3) : 400 -412
黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口上二氧化碳浓度检测研究
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金振辉1 , 王殿轩1 , 陈卫东2, 陈新望2, 林旭勤2, 陈嘉玮2
作者信息
  • 1河南工业大学 粮食和物资储备学院，河南 郑州 450001
  • 2湖南通达生物科技有限公司，湖南 长沙 410200
通讯作者:
王殿轩（1962—），博士，教授，主要从事储藏物昆虫及害虫综合治理研究。E-mail：
The measurement on concentration change of carbon dioxide over the nest entrance of Odontotermes formosanus （shiraki）
Zhenhui JIN1 , Dianxuan WANG1 , Weidong CHEN2, Xinwang CHEN2, Xuqin LIN2, Jiawei CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food and Strategic Reserves， Henan University of Technology， Zhengzhou450001， China
  • 2Hunan Tongda Biotechnology Co.， Ltd， Changsha410200， China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20250140
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摘要
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采用便捷式二氧化碳检测仪探测农林水利等场所土栖性害虫黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus（Shiraki）蚁道口及其巢穴有助于快速定位蚁巢进而进行科学治理。利用特制便携式二氧化碳检测装置，在黑翅土白蚁严重发生地块设定检测区域，用该装置进行地面上二氧化碳浓度检测，对浓度异常点挖掘验证蚁巢蚁道口。另外设置模拟蚁道口的二氧化碳气源点，测定不同风速、风向下二氧化碳浓度扩散范围。大气风速0~0.12 m/s环境下所用装置可快速检测出蚁道口、腐败枯木或树叶处附近地面上二氧化碳浓度异常点位，挖掘后证实蚁道口处的二氧化碳浓度均在0.10%以上。模拟风速0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s和二氧化碳气源时，气源点下风方向可检测到对应风速下二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上的位点至气源点的距离分别为0.4、1.0、1.0、0.6、0.4、0.2和0.0 m，侧风方向二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上的位点至气源点的距离相应为0.4、0.4、0.2、0.2、0.2、0.0和0.0 m，二氧化碳浓度异常位点与气源点的间距受风向和风速影响显著。便携式二氧化碳检测装置可方便检测到土栖白蚁发生场所蚁道口处二氧化碳浓度异常值，结合风速、风向、测点距离等，排除干扰因素后可快速检测黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口位置。

黑翅土白蚁  /  二氧化碳  /  浓度检测  /  风速  /  距离

Using portable CO₂ detectors to locate tunnel entrances and nests of the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus （Shiraki） in agricultural， forestry， and water conservancy facilities facilitates rapid nest localization and enables scientific control measures.Using a special portable carbon dioxide detection device， the detection area was set up in the serious occurrence plot of O. formosanus. The device was used to detect the ground carbon dioxide concentration， and the concentration anomaly point was excavated to verify the nests and nests entrance of O. formosanus. In addition， the carbon dioxide gas source point at the entrance of the simulated termite nest was set up to determine the concentration diffusion range of carbon dioxide under different wind speeds and wind directions. The device used in the environment with atmospheric wind speed of 0~0.12 m/s can quickly detect abnormal points of carbon dioxide concentration （ termite nest entrance， decayed dead wood or leaves ）. After excavation， it is confirmed that the carbon dioxide concentration at the entrance of the ant road is above 0.10%. In simulations of the carbon dioxide gas source， at wind speeds of 0， 0.1， 0.2， 0.4， 0.8， 1.6， and 3.2 m/s， the downwind distance from the source point to where the CO₂ concentration reaches 0.05% is 0.4， 1.0， 1.0， 0.6， 0.4， 0.2， and 0 m， respectively. The distance from the site with a concentration of more than 0.05% in the crosswind direction to the gas source point is 0.4， 0.4， 0.2， 0.2， 0 and 0 m， respectively. The distance between the abnormal site of carbon dioxide concentration and the gas source point is significantly affected by wind direction and wind speed. The portable carbon dioxide detection device can easily detect the abnormal value of carbon dioxide concentration at the entrance of the termite nest in the termite occurrence site. Combined with wind speed， wind direction， measuring point distance， etc.， the position of the O. formosanus nests entrance can be quickly detected after eliminating interference factors.

Odontotermes formosanus  /  carbon dioxide  /  concentration detection  /  wind speed  /  distance
金振辉, 王殿轩, 陈卫东, 陈新望, 林旭勤, 陈嘉玮. 黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口上二氧化碳浓度检测研究. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）, 2026 , 24 (3) : 400 -412 . DOI: 10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20250140
Zhenhui JIN, Dianxuan WANG, Weidong CHEN, Xinwang CHEN, Xuqin LIN, Jiawei CHEN. The measurement on concentration change of carbon dioxide over the nest entrance of Odontotermes formosanus （shiraki）[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2026 , 24 (3) : 400 -412 . DOI: 10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20250140
正文
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1　研究背景
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土栖性白蚁是农林生产、水库堤坝、果树山林、通讯电缆设备、房屋建筑、仓库设施等的重要害虫，其造成的危害与损失严重［1-2］。土栖性白蚁发生与危害具有很强的隐蔽性、反复性和长期性，白蚁及其巢穴极易诱发建筑散浸、渗漏、跌窝，甚至跌垮［3-5］。我国每年因白蚁危害造成的经济损失大约为20亿~25亿元［6-7］，其对农林设施、堤坝水库等的毁损更是难以用经济数据衡量［8］。土白蚁属（Odontotermes）为大白蚁亚科（Macrotermitine）中物种丰富的一个属，在世界范围内有199种被详细记录，遍及整个东亚地区［9］。土白蚁属害虫筑巢于地下或土垄中，对农林设施、堤坝等危害严重。黑翅土白蚁是土白蚁属中的优势种［10］，是土栖性白蚁的代表性物种［11］。隐蔽性发生的白蚁巢穴检测发现困难［12］，采用便捷方法探测农林和水利复杂环境中的黑翅土白蚁蚁道口及巢穴有助于快速定位蚁巢，进而进行科学治理。土栖性白蚁的防治主要采用挖巢法、化学药剂法、物理防治法和堤坝灌浆法等［13-14］，这些方法的应用前提和关键是准确探测到白蚁巢穴位置［15］。白蚁巢穴探测中所用技术原理及适用特点有所不同，其改进提高和探索研究也一直在不断进行中［16］。现实生产中主要依靠经验判断、挖掘寻巢等，找到蚁巢后再对其用化学药剂防治［17］。农林、堤坝等场所寻找白蚁巢穴更多需要经验与技巧，如发现白蚁蚁路、虫蛀痕迹、白蚁排泄物、分飞孔等［18］，如此不仅费工费时，还容易出现误判以致误工和浪费［19］。探测白蚁巢穴的研究一直受到高度关注。声频探测仪通过接收蚁巢中透射出的特定声波进行检测，其应用效果受环境复杂度影响大［20］。探地雷达通过巢穴与周围土体介电常数差识别和定位巢穴，其影像特征和规模计算受地层深度、地质干扰、数据解释复杂度等影响［21-22］。高密度电阻率法基于白蚁巢穴与周边土壤电阻率差异测定水库大坝白蚁巢穴，其所用仪器复杂、布设繁琐、探测时间长、结果解译复杂、设备成本较高［23-24］。放射性同位素碘-131和金-198标记或追踪白蚁确定巢穴位置相对灵敏，但放射性同位素的安全保护需求高、设备成本高、操作复杂、过程周期长等制约其推广［25-27］。根据微动信号面波频散特征反向推演获得地下波速分布信号可探测白蚁巢穴位置，通过剪切波谐振频率对地下介质波阻抗变化敏感性进行地下地质体成像也有应用于白蚁巢穴探测研究，其应用受白蚁巢穴的差异及其覆盖面影响大，检测效率有待提高［28-30］。依赖人工查找巢穴等仍是当前寻找土白蚁巢穴的主要途径。大量白蚁生物群体集中于地下巢穴中，其生命活动代谢的二氧化碳在巢穴内积累而浓度很高，大白蚁亚科（Macrotermitine）中的Macrotermes michaelseni白蚁巢内二氧化碳浓度可达6%［31］。利用白蚁巢穴及与之连通的蚁道口二氧化碳浓度异常探测白蚁巢穴具有潜力［32］，用负压器具抽取土白蚁巢内的二氧化碳气体可跟踪蚁巢位置［33］。在白蚁巢穴外或蚁道口快速和有效检测二氧化碳浓度的研究缺少。本研究制作一套包括持握杆、保护罩、过滤节、导气管、二氧化碳检测仪等组成的便携式二氧化碳检测装置，对黑翅土白蚁发生园林地域进行了二氧化碳浓度检测、二氧化碳浓度异常现场勘察和蚁道口挖掘验证，模拟蚁道口气源二氧化碳浓度下不同风速、风向时该装置对周围二氧化碳浓度的检测效果，以期为黑翅土白蚁蚁道口及巢穴的快速检测提供参考。
2　试验简介
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2.1　便携式二氧化碳检测装置
测试所用便携式检测装置由持握杆、保护罩、过滤节、导气管、二氧化碳检测仪等组成，其中配置的二氧化碳检测仪有效量程为0~0.5730%，响应时间10 s、精度0.0001%，内置气泵真空度3 kPa，电池容量1000 mAh，工作电压12 V，内置抽气泵，总重量2 kg。二氧化碳检测仪抽气端连接PVC导气软管（内径6 mm），PVC软管与其他部件可快速密封连接。气体取样端置于具有过滤粉尘功能的过滤节内，过滤节外设圆柱钢网保护罩（外径5 cm，底端和侧面开直径3 mm孔网），以便在地表扫描探测时防止杂草杂物进入。PVC软管可固定于持握杆上。持握杆带塑胶把手的不锈钢伸缩管（直径1 cm），见图1。
2.2　测试验证地划分与蚁道口检测
测试验证地为已知黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus（Shiraki）发生严重的湖南省长沙市的某一道路南侧的绿化带。根据现场和黑翅土白蚁习性将其划分成4个特征不同的检测区（A、B、C和D）。每区取长10 m，宽7 m的长方形，彼此平行。每个区按照隔0.5 m纵横划线，其交点上地表处设为二氧化碳浓度检测点。其中，A区为平坦绿化带，北邻城市道路，南邻背阴坡；B区为背阴坡，北边与A区间隔10 m，由南向北地势逐渐下降；C区为向阳坡，在B区南侧间隔20 m；D区为平坦绿化带，在C区南侧间隔10 m，再往南为田地（见图2）。每区共设检测点280个。每点定位检测30 s，每点进行3次平行检测，每间隔1 min后检测下一个点位。每次检测二氧化碳浓度同时用HT9825型热敏式风速仪（量程0.01~25 m/s）记录测量点等高处的风速与风向。
2.3　蚁道口模拟二氧化碳气源条件下的气体扩散度测定
选取东西长3 m、南北宽2 m的平坦开阔绿化草坪区域，区内按纵横间隔共设176个气体检测点（见图3）。模拟二氧化碳气源点设置包括550 mL的PE塑料瓶、密闭连接的2根直径5 mm塑料软管及相应截止夹、通过其中1根软管连接的二氧化碳压缩气体（纯度99.999%）钢瓶、气体流量调节阀门等。另1根软管一端连接埋入地下20 cm的塑料瓶，另一端与地面平齐作为模拟二氧化碳气源点。在气源点1.0 m处等距离放置2台功率40 W的风扇，使其至气源点时的风向近于平行由西向东。前期实地探测时发现黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口内二氧化碳浓度在0.20%左右，因此打开钢瓶阀门调节控制软管内二氧化碳气源浓度至0.20%±0.02%，每次逐点检测纵横间隔交点地表处的二氧化碳浓度，测点时间间隔3 min，进行3次平行检测，同时检测记录二氧化碳检测点的风速风向，风扇风速分别为0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s。
3　试验结果与分析
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3.1　平坦绿化带区测点二氧化碳浓度及巢穴蚁道口位置分布
平坦绿化带A区在东风或东北风、风速0~0.13 m/s、温度28~37 ℃时280个测量点二氧化碳浓度分布见图4，二氧化碳浓度值最大0.1155%，最小0.0396%，其中浓度0.10%~0.15%的点2个（A3和F3），0.05%~0.10%的点32个。人工挖掘后证实A1—A9共9处有蚁道口，蚁道口及近处14个点的二氧化碳浓度大于0.05%。另有2处浓度大于0.05%的点因腐败枯木导致二氧化碳检测值偏高，还有1个浓度达0.15%的F3点也是腐败枯木存在处。跨边界挖掘探测了区域A边缘处无蚁道口和腐败枯木但存在二氧化碳浓度大于0.05%的位点，发现二氧化碳浓度异常由探测区域外存在的蚁道口或腐败枯木引起。结合A区各蚁道口、枯木腐败点处二氧化碳浓度、风速和风向与附近测点二氧化碳浓度值发现，A1、A3、A6、A7、A8和F2点下风方向测点的二氧化碳扩散范围更广，而A2、A4、A5、F1和F3点附近高二氧化碳浓度值在分布上似乎未受风向影响，A9点南侧区域受风速风向变化影响导致其浓度也大于0.05%。A区其他测点的二氧化碳浓度均在大气正常二氧化碳浓度范围内。
表1显示，在东风（少数点东风偏北）风速0.01~0.13 m/s环境中，发现距蚁道口5~30 cm范围内检测点的二氧化碳浓度值大多数相接近，说明风速0.13 m/s以下时风力基本不影响使用该检测装置正常检测发现蚁道口，或在此风速下在蚁道口附近30 cm范围内检测二氧化碳浓度可较容易探测到蚁道口，进而找到巢穴。表中A3和F3点二氧化碳浓度明显较高，与其蚁道口较接近蚁巢和腐败枯木量较多有关。另外，结合图4，还可见到单独一个蚁道口或附近有多个蚁道口共存时，附近的若干检测点也可检测到相近的二氧化碳浓度，进一步说明二氧化碳逸出蚁道口后可扩散的范围在低风速时是多方向的。
3.2　南高北低坡地绿化带区测点二氧化碳浓度及巢穴蚁道口位置分布
图5显示，在东风或东北风、风速0~0.16 m/s、温度29~38 ℃时，南高北低坡地绿化带B区多个检测点位二氧化碳浓度差异显著，二氧化碳浓度值最大0.1258%，最小0.0394%。二氧化碳浓度0.10%以上的B2、B5、B9、B10和B11点为蚁道口点，F4和F5点为腐败枯木点，挖掘验证B7和B8蚁道口二氧化碳浓度处于大气水平且连接的蚁巢为无黑翅土白蚁存活的弃巢。另有二氧化碳浓度0.05%~0.10%的测点位置接近蚁道口或腐败枯木点。其他测点二氧化碳浓度小于0.05%或接近正常大气水平。跨边界挖掘探测区域B边缘处无蚁道口和腐败枯木但存在二氧化碳浓度大于0.05%的位点，同样发现二氧化碳浓度异常由探测区域外存在的蚁道口或腐败枯木引起。从近蚁道口或腐败枯木点附近的二氧化碳浓度高于0.05%的测点看，B3、B4和B6点的下风方向测点二氧化碳扩散范围更广，B1、B2、B5、B7、B8、B9、B10、B11、F4和F5点周围未见风速风向对二氧化碳扩散范围检测造成差异性影响。
表2显示了图5中浓度异常点二氧化碳浓度数值、测点至蚁道口间距和对应风速记录。在东北风居多（个别点北风）、风速0.03~0.12 m/s环境中，蚁道口检测点（B1、B3、B4和B6）的二氧化碳浓度值在0.087%以下，挖掘这些点发现蚁道口距蚁巢距离较远，还有的蚁道口和腐败枯木点（B2、B5、B9—B11、F4、F5）的二氧化碳浓度值在0.104%以上，附近多个检测点的浓度也相应较高，这与其蚁道口较接近蚁巢和腐败枯木量较多有关。风速0.12 m/s以下时风力不影响检测装置正常检测发现蚁道口。
3.3　北高南低坡地绿化带区测点二氧化碳浓度及巢穴蚁道口位置分布
图6显示，西南风向风速0~0.18 m/s、温度28~37 ℃时北高南低坡地绿化带C区部分测点二氧化碳浓度差异显著，其值最大0.5730%，最小0.0394%，浓度在0.10%以上的测点有14个。挖掘证实其中二氧化碳浓度在0.05%~0.10%的C3、C6和C7点为蚁道口，浓度0.10%~0.15%的C1、C5和C8点也有蚁道口。挖掘后还发现弃巢蚁道口C2、C4、C9和C10点的二氧化碳浓度接近大气正常水平，巢内无存活白蚁。F12点二氧化碳浓度高达0.5730%，F6—F11点二氧化碳浓度在0.10%~0.15%，均为腐败枯木枯叶大量存在处。C区北侧和东侧边缘存在大量二氧化碳浓度超过0.05%的测点，通过跨边界的挖掘探测，推测该现象可能与C区北侧边界外存在大量蚁道口，以及东侧区域的腐败枯木有关。从C区蚁道口附近测点的二氧化碳浓度高于0.05%的测点看，未见西南风向和风速对二氧化碳扩散范围和距离造成差异性影响，但C区腐败枯叶点的二氧化碳浓度值均高于0.10%，是判断是否为黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口的重点排查与考虑因素。
图6中蚁道口和腐败枯木点的二氧化碳数值及对应风速记录见表3。西南风风速0.01~0.15 m/s时，蚁道口检测点（C3、C6和C7）的二氧化碳浓度值在0.087%以下，挖掘发现这些点蚁道口距蚁巢距离较远，风速0.15 m/s以下的风力差异对正常浓度检测影响不明显。在表3所列其他非弃巢连接的蚁道口和腐败枯木点二氧化碳浓度值在0.107%以上，附近检测点也检测到较高的二氧化碳浓度，这些与蚁道口较接近蚁巢和腐败枯木量较多有关，尤其是F12点腐败枯木堆积更多，检测发现该点二氧化碳浓度高达0.573%（仪器上限值）。
3.4　近田地平坦绿化带区测点二氧化碳浓度及巢穴蚁道口位置分布
近邻田地的平坦绿化带D区的二氧化碳浓度值、蚁道口、腐败枯木和裸露蚁巢点分布见图7。在西南风向、风速0~0.2 m/s、温度28~37 ℃时，区内280个测点中二氧化碳浓度值最大为0.5730%，最小为0.0390%，其中二氧化碳浓度0.10%以上的点共有11个。挖掘查看发现，二氧化碳浓度0.05%~0.15%的D2—D7点为蚁道口，浓度0.10%~0.15%的F13—F15点为腐败枯木处，浓度0.10%以上点（L2）甚至0.5730%以上点（L1）处还有裸露蚁巢。跨边界挖掘探测区域D边缘二氧化碳浓度大于0.05%的位点同样发现二氧化碳浓度异常由探测区域外存在的蚁道口或腐败枯木引起。另有黑翅土白蚁弃巢（D1），内无存活白蚁，其蚁道口处二氧化碳浓度为大气正常水平。
D区各蚁道口、枯木腐败点和裸露蚁巢处二氧化碳浓度、风速和风向见表4，在西南风风速0.01~0.16 m/s时，蚁道口检测点（D2—D4）的二氧化碳浓度值在0.09%以下，尤其是D1点（周边20 cm检测）的浓度在0.05%以下，挖掘发现这些点蚁道口距蚁巢距离较远，风速0.16 m/s时对二氧化碳浓度检测值差异影响并不明显。在0.01~0.13 m/s风力下D5—D7点二氧化碳浓度达0.11%以上，这些蚁道口较接近蚁巢。风速达0.2 m/s时F15腐败枯木点的二氧化碳浓度也高达0.573%的仪器上限值。
3.5　模拟二氧化碳气源下风速风向对检测结果的影响
3.5.1　下风方向不同距离测点的二氧化碳浓度
由图8可知，风速0.1和0.2 m/s时下风方向可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的距离最大，0.0和0.4 m/s以上风速时可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的距离随风速增加而减小，3.2 m/s风速时检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的距离又减小至0.0 m。二氧化碳浓度为0.20%时气源部位（0.0 m）地表处的浓度测值随0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s的风速增大略有变小。图9显示，在风速分别为0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s时，气源浓度为0.20%情况下，气源点下风方向检测二氧化碳浓度达到0.05%以上时，其点与气源点的距离相应为0.4、1.0、1.0、0.6、0.4、0.2和0.0 m。
3.5.2　侧风方向不同距离测点的二氧化碳浓度
由图10可知，侧风方向离气源0.2 m处二氧化碳浓度不足0.08%，风速0.1 m/s以下时侧风方向可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度点的最大距离仅0.4 m，风速0.2、0.4和0.8 m/s时可检测到0.05%以上点的距离相近。气源上方地表处二氧化碳浓度检测值随0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s的风速增大略有变小。图9显示，风源下1.0 m设气源点时和气源浓度为0.2%情况下，风速分别为0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s时，与风向垂直方向上检测到二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上点至气源的距离相应为0.4、0.4、0.2、0.2、0.2、0.0和0.0 m。
3.6　结果分析
白蚁巢穴二氧化碳浓度一般在0.5%以上，甚至高达6.5%，有的可达20%［34］。白蚁巢穴内所形成的空隙、廊道等物理结构可通过热浮力和风压差将巢内气体运输到外部环境［35-36］。研究发现黑翅土白蚁巢中高浓度二氧化碳可释放至蚁道口，并会在此处因空间放大而快速稀释。黑翅土白蚁蚁道口处上方地表二氧化碳浓度远高于正常大气水平，多在0.05%以上，甚至高达0.573%。通过便携式二氧化碳检测装置检测白蚁巢穴附近或蚁道口上方地表的二氧化碳浓度，结合风速、风向、环境情况下的浓度异常，寻迹和判断白蚁巢穴可行。土白蚁更倾向于选择远离人类活动频繁区域的自然地貌区［37］，而黑翅土白蚁巢穴位置也与其生活习性、环境需求、地貌特征、建筑、交通等特征密切相关［38］。从现场根据二氧化碳浓度偏高点较多、毗邻城市交通道路挖掘到白蚁巢穴数量相对少于远离道路而邻近田野发现的巢穴数量看，黑翅土白蚁筑巢似有远离人类频繁活动区的行为。
植物或森林砍伐后的几年内，地表二氧化碳浓度会显著升高［39］，土壤微生物分解有机物释放二氧化碳会导致地表二氧化碳浓度升高［40］，本文检测现场腐败树木和树叶处二氧化碳浓度偏高，是现场判断白蚁巢穴的重点排查与考虑因素。
二氧化碳是一种典型的重气体［41］，在测试验证地蚁道口挖掘探测发现：蚁道口和蚁巢距离越远，蚁道口二氧化碳浓度越低；蚁道口和蚁巢距离越近，蚁道口二氧化碳浓度越高。无风条件下二氧化碳只受重力影响迅速沉降，模拟试验气源0.20%浓度时扩散距离仅为0.4 m左右。同样气源二氧化碳浓度0.20%时，可检测到异常二氧化碳浓度（明显高于大气中正常值，本文设为0.05%以上）的距离受风速、风向、检测距离的影响明显。下风方向风速0.1 m/s和0.2 m/s时可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的距离最大，无风或风速大于0.4 m/s时可检测至异常浓度值的距离缩短，风速大于3.2 m/s时即使下风方向0.2 m难以检测到异常的二氧化碳浓度值。同样气源浓度、距离和风速时侧风方向可检测到的二氧化碳浓度值显著减小。比较侧风方向检测浓度值显著小于下风方向的检测结果，逆风方向上浓度值会随气源距离衰减更大。建议现场利用二氧化碳浓度值判断蚁道口或蚁巢位置时，对浓度值异常点进行逆风方向二氧化碳追踪检测，会更利于快速查找到存在的蚁道口。同样气源地表上方水平距离进行二氧化碳浓度检测时，检测值随0.0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6和3.2 m/s的风速增大略有变小。实际检测出现二氧化碳浓度值异常时，应综合风速、风向、附近可能存在蚁道口的距离以及环境干扰因素等快速比较分析判断。
现场检测中A区、B区和D区的风速均在0.16 m/s以下时，蚁道口近处或腐木点高二氧化碳点近处的二氧化碳浓度差异不明显，浓度较高（0.10%~0.15%）的浓度点也多对应就近的腐木点。C区西南风最大达0.18 m/s时，部分测点二氧化碳浓度差异显著。模拟二氧化碳气源检测中，风速0.2 m/s的下风方向可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的距离最大为1.0 m，风速0.1 m/s以下侧风方向可检测到0.05%以上二氧化碳浓度的最大距离仅0.4 m。现场和模拟气源检测说明，环境风速小于0.16 m/s时，蚁道口0.5 m范围内可检测二氧化碳浓度0.05%以上（较空气稍高），可借此初步判断蚁道口的存在。风速大于0.18 m/s以上时，蚁道口附近的二氧化碳浓度不易检测，如此风速下其下风方向二氧化碳浓度达0.05%以上，可逆风向查找蚁道口。此风速下其侧风和逆风向二氧化碳浓度不易检测到。
4　结论
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本文通过便携式二氧化碳检测装置对黑翅土白蚁巢穴蚁道口进行现场检测与模拟气源试验，探究风速、风向等环境因素对蚁道口二氧化碳扩散特征的影响，得到以下结论：
（1）便携式装置的有效性验证：在风速≤0.12 m/s环境下，该装置可快速定位二氧化碳浓度≥0.05%的异常点位（蚁道口或腐败枯木），实测蚁道口二氧化碳浓度均高于0.10%。现场挖掘验证表明，蚁道口与蚁巢距离越近，地表检测浓度越高（可达0.573%），该方法为蚁巢定位提供了可靠技术手段。
（2）风速风向对检测范围的影响规律：模拟气源实验表明，下风方向可检测到二氧化碳浓度≥0.05%的最远距离随风速变化呈非线性关系，风速0.1~0.2 m/s时有效检测距离最大为1.0 m，而风速≥3.2 m/s时有效检测距离归零。侧风方向检测范围显著受限（最大距离≤0.4 m），且逆风方向浓度衰减更快。实际检测时可在风速<0.2 m/s时进行以提高异常点发现效率。
（3）干扰因素排除与精准定位：城市绿化带中蚁巢偏好顺序为向阳坡＞近田地平坦带＞背阴坡＞毗邻公路区。腐败枯木可导致二氧化碳浓度异常升高（最高达0.573%），是蚁巢判定的主要干扰源。结合风速风向分析，对浓度异常点实施逆风方向追踪检测，后经人工探测可有效区分蚁道口与腐败枯木，显著提升蚁巢定位精度。

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2026年第24卷第3期
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doi: 10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20250140
  • 接收时间：2025-06-07
  • 首发时间：2026-06-25
  • 出版时间：2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-07
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    1河南工业大学 粮食和物资储备学院，河南 郑州 450001
    2湖南通达生物科技有限公司，湖南 长沙 410200

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王殿轩（1962—），博士，教授，主要从事储藏物昆虫及害虫综合治理研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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