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评《海洋观测的本体论反思与方法论重构》的理论突破与实践引领
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评《海洋观测的本体论反思与方法论重构》的理论突破与实践引领
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严小军1, 2,
作者信息
  • 1浙江海洋大学 海洋科学与技术学院 浙江舟山 316022
  • 2浙江海洋大学 国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心 浙江舟山 316022
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严小军, 研究员, E-mail:
COMMENT ON THE THEORETICAL BREAKTHROUGH AND PRACTICAL LEADERSHIP OF ONTOLOGICAL REFLECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN MARINE OBSERVATION
Xiao-Jun YAN1, 2,
Affiliations
  • 1Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • 2National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
出版时间: 2026-05-30
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严小军. 评《海洋观测的本体论反思与方法论重构》的理论突破与实践引领. 海洋与湖沼, 2026 , 57 (3) : 826 -827 .
Xiao-Jun YAN. COMMENT ON THE THEORETICAL BREAKTHROUGH AND PRACTICAL LEADERSHIP OF ONTOLOGICAL REFLECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN MARINE OBSERVATION[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 826 -827 .
从观测中来, 到观测中去, 是海洋科学知识来源与应用目标的核心主题。在海洋科学从认知走向预测与管理的深刻转型期, 观测体系的先进程度, 从根本上决定了我们对海洋理解的深度与治理的效能(Kaidarova et al, 2023)。孙松研究员及其团队发表的《海洋观测的本体论反思与方法论重构——从“均匀性预设”到“问题驱动的异质性认知”》(孙松等, 2026a)一文, 并非一般意义上的技术探讨, 而是一次触及海洋观测根本逻辑的哲学反思与系统性理论重建。文章敏锐地揭示出, 当前海洋观测面临“数据丰盈”与“决策有效”之间的显著脱节(Morrison, 2024; Sonnewald et al, 2021), 其症结正在于指导观测实践的认知前提存在偏差——不自觉地建立在将海洋视为均匀、渐变系统的“均质化假设”之上。以此为突破口, 该文完成了一次从批判性解构到建设性重构的思想跨越, 为中国乃至全球下一代海洋观测体系的演进, 提供了坚实的理论奠基与哲学思辨。
首先, 文章在理论层面实现了从“前提批判”到“新本体论确立”的重要跃升。作者创造性地引入“陆‑海异质性同构”的阐释框架, 有力论证了海洋在本质上是一个由关键过程所主导的“异质性景观”。与陆地生态相似, 海洋的结构与功能并非均匀铺展, 而是高度聚集于特定的“资源富集区”(如上升流、锋面)与“风险聚集区”(如缺氧区、河口), 其状态演变往往由突发、短暂却具有全局性影响的“脉冲事件”(如极端天气、藻华暴发、陆源输入脉冲)所驱动。这一“异质性本体论”的确立, 从根本上动摇了依据规则网格与固定频率进行“无差别普查”的合理性。它深刻揭示, 忽视空间异质与过程的关键性, 将导致对核心生态机制与重大风险信号的系统性遗漏——这正是海量数据难以转化为有效决策知识的结构性根源。
其次, 在方法论层面, 文章推动了从“任务执行”到“问题与目标双轮驱动”的范式转型。基于新的本体论认知, 作者构建了“科学问题/管理目标—关键过程—观测设计”的严密逻辑链条。观测设计的起点由此发生了根本转向: 不再始于完成预设的标准化任务清单, 而是始于对具体前沿科学问题(如“陆架‑边缘海物质交换如何调控近海生态系统?”)或紧迫管理需求(如“如何实现养殖区生态灾害的早期预警?”)的精准界定。进而, 逆向推导出解析该问题所必须捕获的关键过程, 并据此定制观测对象、尺度与技术组合。这一转型, 使观测从一项常规“业务工作”, 升维为具有明确知识增进与决策支撑导向的“战略性科研工程”, 确保有限的观测资源能够精准配置于认知与实践的“锋刃”之上。
最后, 文章前瞻性地勾勒出面向未来的三大方法论支柱, 呈现出鲜明的智能化特征。为应对海洋“流体介质”带来的独特挑战, 文章系统提出了极具操作性的三大路径:
(1) 网络重构: 以“动态自适应感知网络”替代静态观测网格。这意味着观测平台(如浮标、滑翔器)能够依据模型预测或实时感知的信号(如温度锋面、叶绿素聚集区), 主动调整观测位点与频次, 实现对关键过程与目标的智能追踪与聚焦。
(2) 逻辑升华: 以“全链条过程解析”替代孤立的“假设检验”。强调观测设计应致力于揭示生态过程“驱动—响应—反馈”的完整机制链条, 而非满足于对环境因子与生物变量间相关性的表象描述, 从而为构建具有因果推断能力的预测模型奠定基础。
(3) 效能跃迁: 实现“实时同化与预测决策”的智能闭环。推动观测数据流与数值模型的实时融合与双向优化, 使观测不仅能刻画现状, 更能持续改进预测精度, 并直接为动态管理决策(如灾害应急响应、渔业资源实时调控)提供近实时支撑。
综上所述, 孙松研究员的论文有值得业界重视并开展讨论的重大意义, 是一次将海洋观测从积累数据转向解决问题的战略架构性思考。既从第一性原理出发开展了哲学层面的本体论反思, 又从重大国家需求的目标导向进行了工程实践层面的方法论设计, 为破解海洋观测领域长期存在的“数据过剩”与“决策失据”并存之困, 提供了清晰而深刻的理论路线图。这不仅是对广大海洋科技工作者的重要思想启迪, 更是对国家级科研规划、重大观测基础设施布局以及海洋综合管理的重要战略建言。这篇文章, 与其姊妹篇《海洋生态系统健康的目标驱动式评估体系》(孙松等, 2026b)及《从滞后到实时: 海洋健康评估的生物整合观测新范式》(孙松等, 2026c)一道, 共同构成了一个逻辑自洽、层层递进的学术思想体系。可以预见, 以该文所秉持的“异质性认知”与“问题/目标双驱动”理念为引领, 必将推动我国的海洋观测事业从规模扩展迈入“精准、高效、智能”的高质量发展新阶段, 从而为真正构建“透明海洋”、保障海洋生态文明与可持续发展, 夯实最为关键的感知基石。

参考文献 引证文献
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孙松, 臧文潇, 孙晓霞, , 2026a. 海洋观测的本体论反思与方法论重构——从“均匀性预设”到“问题驱动的异质性认知” [J]. 海洋与湖沼, 57(3): 582-588.
孙松, 臧文潇, 孙晓霞, , 2026b. 海洋生态系统健康的目标驱动式评估体系[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 57(3): 589-598.
孙松, 孙晓霞, 臧文潇, , 2026c. 从滞后到实时:海洋健康评估的生物整合观测新范式[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 57(3): 599-605.
KAIDAROVA A, GERALDI N R, WILSON R P, et al, 2023. Wearable sensors for monitoring marine environments and their inhabitants [J]. Nature Biotechnology, 41: 1208-1220.
MORRISON L, 2024. The Future of Ocean Observation: Leveraging Real-Time Data to Enable Responsive Action [C]. OCEANS 2024-Halifax: 1-7. doi: 10.1109/OCEANS55160. 2024.10753787.
SONNEWALD M, LGUENSAT R, JONES D C, et al, 2021. Bridging observations, theory and numerical simulation of the ocean using machine learning [J]. Environmental Research Letters, 16(7): 073008.
2026年第57卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2026-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-08-06
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2026-05-05
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    1浙江海洋大学 海洋科学与技术学院 浙江舟山 316022
    2浙江海洋大学 国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心 浙江舟山 316022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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