Article(id=1292187231855333413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11693/hyhz20250300088, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743350400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-31, revisedDate=1746806400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1786011043752, onlineDateStr=2026-08-06, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786011043752, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786011043752, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786011043752, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1292187163098112845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='579', pageEnd='830', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786011027358, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786013993148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=767, endPage=776, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1292187232706777126, articleId=1292187231855333413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=EN, title=COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS AND BENTHIC ECOLOGICAL QUALITY EVALUATION IN GELIGANG OF NORTHERN LIAODONG BAY IN SUMMER, columnId=1292187198095384612, journalTitle=Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, columnName=ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the characteristics of the macrobenthic community and its benthic ecological quality in Geligang, a typical intertidal flat in northern Liaodong Bay, 12 stations (including non-harvesting areas, Mactra veneriformis harvesting areas, and Solen grandis harvesting areas) were deployed in the area in June 2024, and macrobenthic fauna and environmental factors were surveyed. Results show that (1) a total of 35 species of macrobenthos were identified, mainly Crustacea (14 species), Mollusca (10 species), and Polychaeta (9 species), of which five species dominated, including Potamocorbula laevis and M. veneriformis; and the community mean abundance and biomass are 163.67 ind./m2 and 284.47 g/m2 respectively. (2) The cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that the community similarity between non-harvesting area and M. veneriformis harvesting area was high, while that in the S. grandis harvesting area sits as a separate unit. (3) The Abundance-Biomass Curve (ABC) shows that the macrobenthic community structure in the intertidal flat was stable. The Mantel’s test showed that chlorophyll a and water temperature were important factors on the changes in local macrobenthic community. (4) The benthic ecological quality assessment based on AMBI and M-AMBI indices showed that only a few sites (e.g., No.3) were in moderate or severe disturbance status, and the overall benthic habitat quality was in good condition. The M-AMBI index was better adapted than the single index under the disturbance of mechanized harvesting. This study revealed the benthic ecological status in the intertidal flat, provided a scientific basis for balancing shellfish resource development and habitat protection, and suggested to prioritize the use of the M-AMBI index for long-term monitoring and management assessment.

, authors=Ang LI1, 2, Xiao-Wei XU3, Su-Yan XUE1, 2, Jia-Qi LI1, 2, Lu-Lei LIU1, 2, Yu-Ze TANG1, 2, Long-Zhen LIU1, 2, Ling ZHU1, 2, Yu-Ze MAO1, 2, , authorsList=Ang LI, Xiao-Wei XU, Su-Yan XUE, Jia-Qi LI, Lu-Lei LIU, Yu-Ze TANG, Long-Zhen LIU, Ling ZHU, Yu-Ze MAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-Ze MAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1292187236229992501, articleId=1292187231855333413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=CN, title=辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗夏季大型底栖动物群落结构与生境质量评价, columnId=1292187198254768166, journalTitle=海洋与湖沼, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落特征及其生境质量状况, 于2024年6月在蛤蜊岗海域布设12个站点(含非采捕区、四角蛤蜊采捕区及大竹蛏采捕区), 开展大型底栖动物和环境因子调查。结果显示: (1) 共鉴定出大型底栖动物35种, 以甲壳类(14种)、软体动物(10种)和多毛类(9种)为主, 优势种包括光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)等5种, 群落平均丰度和生物量分别为163.67 ind./m2和284.47 g/m2。(2) 聚类分析与多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明, 非采捕区与四角蛤蜊采捕区群落相似性较高, 而大竹蛏采捕区群落单独归为一支。(3) 丰度-生物量比较曲线(ABC)结果显示群落结构整体稳定, 未受显著干扰。Mantel检验结果显示叶绿素a和水温是影响蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落结构的重要环境因子。(4) 基于AMBI与M-AMBI指数的生境质量评估结果表明, 仅个别站点(如3号)受中度或重度扰动, 底栖生境质量整体处于良好状态, 且M-AMBI指数在机械化采捕扰动下的适应性优于单一指数。研究结果揭示了蛤蜊岗底栖生态现状, 为平衡贝类资源开发与生境保护提供了科学依据, 建议优先采用M-AMBI指数进行长期监测与管理评估。

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李昂, 研究实习员, E-mail:

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毛玉泽, 博士生导师, 研究员, E-mail:
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figureFileBig=fWmcXKD+oa1QVKO3b35jNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244425662599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The macrobenthos abundance (a) and biomass (b) in Geligang (an intertidal flat), figureFileSmall=VhMTFwrkjV5r0PN4ZDmYUA==, figureFileBig=E7wdtPs29j+6OBEra5Re5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244509548680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蛤蜊岗丰度(a)和生物量(b)分布图, figureFileSmall=VhMTFwrkjV5r0PN4ZDmYUA==, figureFileBig=E7wdtPs29j+6OBEra5Re5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244572463241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Hierarchical clustering (a) and NMDS (b) of macrobenthos in Geligang (an intertidal flat), figureFileSmall=BsXqByYAwlGnGID0bbROxg==, figureFileBig=Z9s3bZfcnoCXrG7Q7L+AwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244668932234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=图4, caption=大型底栖动物聚类(a)和NMDS分析(b), figureFileSmall=BsXqByYAwlGnGID0bbROxg==, figureFileBig=Z9s3bZfcnoCXrG7Q7L+AwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244845093003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Abundance-biomass comparison curves of macrobenthos in Geligang (an intertidal flat), figureFileSmall=3BnWBXNnV9tsmBEOndVVLQ==, figureFileBig=RPHPLKbhhdjgVgi0tMsxLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187244916396172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=图5, caption=蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物ABC曲线

注: a. 非采捕区ABC曲线; b. 四角蛤蜊采捕区ABC曲线; c. 大竹蛏采捕区ABC曲线; d. 蛤蜊岗ABC曲线

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AMBI and M-AMBI index classification and benthic ecological quality

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AMBI值扰动等级M-AMBI值生境质量状况
0.0<AMBI≤1.2无扰动0.77<M-AMBI≤1高等
1.2<AMBI≤3.3轻度扰动0.53<M-AMBI≤0.77良好
3.3<AMBI≤5.0中度扰动0.38<M-AMBI≤0.53一般
5.0<AMBI≤6.0重度扰动0.20<M-AMBI≤0.38较差
6.0<AMBI≤7.0极端扰动0<M-AMBI≤0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1292187245528764563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AMBIM-AMBI指数分级及生境质量状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AMBI值扰动等级M-AMBI值生境质量状况
0.0<AMBI≤1.2无扰动0.77<M-AMBI≤1高等
1.2<AMBI≤3.3轻度扰动0.53<M-AMBI≤0.77良好
3.3<AMBI≤5.0中度扰动0.38<M-AMBI≤0.53一般
5.0<AMBI≤6.0重度扰动0.20<M-AMBI≤0.38较差
6.0<AMBI≤7.0极端扰动0<M-AMBI≤0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1292187246795444374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Environmental factors in Geligang (an intertidal flat)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子对照区四角蛤蜊采捕区大竹蛏采捕区
中值粒径/μm73.055±14.701b81.515±38.114b160.435±13.866a
水温/℃24.600±0.141a24.833±0.207a23.800±0.529b
盐度27.825±0.346b28.332±0.066a28.245±0.103a
pH7.925±0.007b8.023±0.036a8.075±0.024a
溶解氧/(mg/L)6.765±0.064a6.577±0.241a6.960±0.191a
水深/m1.650±0.778a2.900±1.105a3.375±1.493a
叶绿素a/(μg/L)5.645±0.134a6.720±2.655a7.833±1.167a
), ArticleFig(id=1292187246866747543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

蛤蜊岗环境因子数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子对照区四角蛤蜊采捕区大竹蛏采捕区
中值粒径/μm73.055±14.701b81.515±38.114b160.435±13.866a
水温/℃24.600±0.141a24.833±0.207a23.800±0.529b
盐度27.825±0.346b28.332±0.066a28.245±0.103a
pH7.925±0.007b8.023±0.036a8.075±0.024a
溶解氧/(mg/L)6.765±0.064a6.577±0.241a6.960±0.191a
水深/m1.650±0.778a2.900±1.105a3.375±1.493a
叶绿素a/(μg/L)5.645±0.134a6.720±2.655a7.833±1.167a
), ArticleFig(id=1292187246942245016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Species checklist of macrobenthos in Geligang (an intertidal flat)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名拉丁名类群中文名拉丁名类群
纽虫Nemertea sp.纽形动物轮双眼钩虾Ampelisca cyclops甲壳类
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae多毛类胶州湾凹板钩虾Caviplaxus jiaozhouwanensis甲壳类
索沙蚕Lumbrinereis sp.多毛类日本浪漂水虱Cirolana japonensis甲壳类
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.多毛类三叶针尾涟虫Diastylis tricincta甲壳类
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys oligobranchia多毛类钩虾Gammarus sp.甲壳类
多鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys polybranchia多毛类刘氏拟钩虾Gammaropsis liuruiyu甲壳类
拟特须虫Paralacydonia paradoxa多毛类滩拟猛钩虾Harpiniopsis vadiculus甲壳类
尖锥虫Scoloplos sp.多毛类二齿半尖额涟虫Hemileucon bidentatus甲壳类
巴氏钩毛虫Sigambra bassi多毛类细螯虾Leptochela gracilis甲壳类
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata多毛类糠虾Mysidacea sp.甲壳类
双壳类幼体Bivalvia larva软体动物东方长眼虾Ogyrides orientalis甲壳类
纵肋饰孔螺Decorifera matusimana软体动物尖齿拳蟹Philyra acutidens甲壳类
四角蛤蜊Mactra veneriformis软体动物极地蚤钩虾Pontocrates altamarimus甲壳类
彩虹明樱蛤Moerella iridescens软体动物霍氏三强蟹Tritodynamia horvathi甲壳类
秀丽织纹螺Nassarius festivus软体动物舌形贝Lingula sp.腕足动物
织纹螺Nassarius sp.软体动物
纵肋织纹螺Nassarius variciferus软体动物
扁玉螺Neverita didyma软体动物
光滑河篮蛤Potamocorbula laevis软体动物
脆壳理蛤Theora fragilis软体动物
), ArticleFig(id=1292187247068074137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物物种名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名拉丁名类群中文名拉丁名类群
纽虫Nemertea sp.纽形动物轮双眼钩虾Ampelisca cyclops甲壳类
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae多毛类胶州湾凹板钩虾Caviplaxus jiaozhouwanensis甲壳类
索沙蚕Lumbrinereis sp.多毛类日本浪漂水虱Cirolana japonensis甲壳类
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.多毛类三叶针尾涟虫Diastylis tricincta甲壳类
寡鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys oligobranchia多毛类钩虾Gammarus sp.甲壳类
多鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys polybranchia多毛类刘氏拟钩虾Gammaropsis liuruiyu甲壳类
拟特须虫Paralacydonia paradoxa多毛类滩拟猛钩虾Harpiniopsis vadiculus甲壳类
尖锥虫Scoloplos sp.多毛类二齿半尖额涟虫Hemileucon bidentatus甲壳类
巴氏钩毛虫Sigambra bassi多毛类细螯虾Leptochela gracilis甲壳类
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata多毛类糠虾Mysidacea sp.甲壳类
双壳类幼体Bivalvia larva软体动物东方长眼虾Ogyrides orientalis甲壳类
纵肋饰孔螺Decorifera matusimana软体动物尖齿拳蟹Philyra acutidens甲壳类
四角蛤蜊Mactra veneriformis软体动物极地蚤钩虾Pontocrates altamarimus甲壳类
彩虹明樱蛤Moerella iridescens软体动物霍氏三强蟹Tritodynamia horvathi甲壳类
秀丽织纹螺Nassarius festivus软体动物舌形贝Lingula sp.腕足动物
织纹螺Nassarius sp.软体动物
纵肋织纹螺Nassarius variciferus软体动物
扁玉螺Neverita didyma软体动物
光滑河篮蛤Potamocorbula laevis软体动物
脆壳理蛤Theora fragilis软体动物
), ArticleFig(id=1292187247151960218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Ecological group and dominance of dominant species of macrobenthos in Geligang (an intertidal flat)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优势种生态分组优势度
光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)EG Ⅴ0.114
四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)EG Ⅰ0.072
多鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys polybranchia)EG Ⅱ0.067
寡节甘吻沙蚕(Glycinde gurjanovae)EG Ⅱ0.038
中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)EG Ⅲ0.032
), ArticleFig(id=1292187247219069083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物优势种生态分组及优势度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优势种生态分组优势度
光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)EG Ⅴ0.114
四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)EG Ⅰ0.072
多鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys polybranchia)EG Ⅱ0.067
寡节甘吻沙蚕(Glycinde gurjanovae)EG Ⅱ0.038
中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)EG Ⅲ0.032
), ArticleFig(id=1292187247298760860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Species diversity indices

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站点H'DJ'd
12.4390.7460.7341.201
22.1990.6450.6621.064
31.2780.3390.3701.121
43.1890.8750.9221.519
52.9550.7940.7561.765
63.0050.8120.8121.703
72.3630.7450.7880.966
83.0710.8670.9241.343
93.3630.8840.9381.721
101.8680.6450.8040.733
112.2360.7760.9630.832
122.7810.8050.8771.333
), ArticleFig(id=1292187247374258333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187231855333413, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站点H'DJ'd
12.4390.7460.7341.201
22.1990.6450.6621.064
31.2780.3390.3701.121
43.1890.8750.9221.519
52.9550.7940.7561.765
63.0050.8120.8121.703
72.3630.7450.7880.966
83.0710.8670.9241.343
93.3630.8840.9381.721
101.8680.6450.8040.733
112.2360.7760.9630.832
122.7810.8050.8771.333
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辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗夏季大型底栖动物群落结构与生境质量评价
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李昂 1, 2 , 徐晓玮 3 , 薛素燕 1, 2 , 李加琦 1, 2 , 刘鲁雷 1, 2 , 唐玉泽 1, 2 , 刘龙镇 1, 2 , 朱玲 1, 2 , 毛玉泽 1, 2,
海洋与湖沼 | 研究论文 2026,57(3): 767-776
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海洋与湖沼 |研究论文 2026 , 57 (3) : 767 -776
辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗夏季大型底栖动物群落结构与生境质量评价
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李昂1, 2 , 徐晓玮3, 薛素燕1, 2, 李加琦1, 2, 刘鲁雷1, 2, 唐玉泽1, 2, 刘龙镇1, 2, 朱玲1, 2, 毛玉泽1, 2,
作者信息
  • 1海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室(中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所) 山东青岛 266071
  • 2青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东青岛 266237
  • 3自然资源部北海海域海岛中心 山东青岛 266061
通讯作者:
毛玉泽, 博士生导师, 研究员, E-mail:
作者简介:

李昂, 研究实习员, E-mail:

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS AND BENTHIC ECOLOGICAL QUALITY EVALUATION IN GELIGANG OF NORTHERN LIAODONG BAY IN SUMMER
Ang LI1, 2 , Xiao-Wei XU3, Su-Yan XUE1, 2, Jia-Qi LI1, 2, Lu-Lei LIU1, 2, Yu-Ze TANG1, 2, Long-Zhen LIU1, 2, Ling ZHU1, 2, Yu-Ze MAO1, 2,
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 2Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
  • 3North Sea Marine and Island Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
出版时间: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20250300088
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为探究辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落特征及其生境质量状况, 于2024年6月在蛤蜊岗海域布设12个站点(含非采捕区、四角蛤蜊采捕区及大竹蛏采捕区), 开展大型底栖动物和环境因子调查。结果显示: (1) 共鉴定出大型底栖动物35种, 以甲壳类(14种)、软体动物(10种)和多毛类(9种)为主, 优势种包括光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)等5种, 群落平均丰度和生物量分别为163.67 ind./m2和284.47 g/m2。(2) 聚类分析与多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明, 非采捕区与四角蛤蜊采捕区群落相似性较高, 而大竹蛏采捕区群落单独归为一支。(3) 丰度-生物量比较曲线(ABC)结果显示群落结构整体稳定, 未受显著干扰。Mantel检验结果显示叶绿素a和水温是影响蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落结构的重要环境因子。(4) 基于AMBI与M-AMBI指数的生境质量评估结果表明, 仅个别站点(如3号)受中度或重度扰动, 底栖生境质量整体处于良好状态, 且M-AMBI指数在机械化采捕扰动下的适应性优于单一指数。研究结果揭示了蛤蜊岗底栖生态现状, 为平衡贝类资源开发与生境保护提供了科学依据, 建议优先采用M-AMBI指数进行长期监测与管理评估。

蛤蜊岗  /  潮间带滩涂  /  大型底栖动物  /  M-AMBI  /  底栖生境质量评价

To investigate the characteristics of the macrobenthic community and its benthic ecological quality in Geligang, a typical intertidal flat in northern Liaodong Bay, 12 stations (including non-harvesting areas, Mactra veneriformis harvesting areas, and Solen grandis harvesting areas) were deployed in the area in June 2024, and macrobenthic fauna and environmental factors were surveyed. Results show that (1) a total of 35 species of macrobenthos were identified, mainly Crustacea (14 species), Mollusca (10 species), and Polychaeta (9 species), of which five species dominated, including Potamocorbula laevis and M. veneriformis; and the community mean abundance and biomass are 163.67 ind./m2 and 284.47 g/m2 respectively. (2) The cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that the community similarity between non-harvesting area and M. veneriformis harvesting area was high, while that in the S. grandis harvesting area sits as a separate unit. (3) The Abundance-Biomass Curve (ABC) shows that the macrobenthic community structure in the intertidal flat was stable. The Mantel’s test showed that chlorophyll a and water temperature were important factors on the changes in local macrobenthic community. (4) The benthic ecological quality assessment based on AMBI and M-AMBI indices showed that only a few sites (e.g., No.3) were in moderate or severe disturbance status, and the overall benthic habitat quality was in good condition. The M-AMBI index was better adapted than the single index under the disturbance of mechanized harvesting. This study revealed the benthic ecological status in the intertidal flat, provided a scientific basis for balancing shellfish resource development and habitat protection, and suggested to prioritize the use of the M-AMBI index for long-term monitoring and management assessment.

Geligang  /  intertidal flat  /  macrobenthos  /  M-AMBI  /  benthic ecological quality assessment
李昂, 徐晓玮, 薛素燕, 李加琦, 刘鲁雷, 唐玉泽, 刘龙镇, 朱玲, 毛玉泽. 辽东湾北部蛤蜊岗夏季大型底栖动物群落结构与生境质量评价. 海洋与湖沼, 2026 , 57 (3) : 767 -776 . DOI: 10.11693/hyhz20250300088
Ang LI, Xiao-Wei XU, Su-Yan XUE, Jia-Qi LI, Lu-Lei LIU, Yu-Ze TANG, Long-Zhen LIU, Ling ZHU, Yu-Ze MAO. COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS AND BENTHIC ECOLOGICAL QUALITY EVALUATION IN GELIGANG OF NORTHERN LIAODONG BAY IN SUMMER[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 767 -776 . DOI: 10.11693/hyhz20250300088
大型底栖动物是海洋食物链的重要一环, 通过物质循环与能量传递维系着水生食物网的稳定性(李晓静等, 2017; 贾胜华等, 2025)。大型底栖动物群落结构对环境变化敏感且迁移能力有限, 常被用作评估生境质量与人为干扰效应的生物指标, 其已成为生态系统健康评价和环境监测的重要指示生物(Birk et al, 2012; Rakocinski, 2012; 裴文豪等, 2023; 杨玉澍等, 2024)。近年来, 基于大型底栖动物开发的多元评价方法, 如丰度-生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线) (Warwick et al, 1994)、AZTI海洋生物指数(AMBI)和多变量AMBI (M-AMBI) (Borja et al, 2011), 已在河口与近海生境质量评估中广泛应用(Pelletier et al, 2018; Marín et al, 2023; Han et al, 2025), 但在高强度人类活动干扰区域的适用性仍需深入探讨。
蛤蜊岗位于辽东湾北部, 是由辽河和双台子河冲击而成的典型潮间带滩涂, 面积约10 000 hm2 (王金叶等, 2016), 以四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)和大竹蛏(Solen grandis)等贝类资源著称, 被誉为“渤海金滩”(姜娓娓等, 2024)。该区域不仅是北方重要的贝类养殖基地, 还在维持滨海湿地生态功能中发挥重要作用。然而, 过度捕捞与机械化采捕可能导致底栖生境退化, 尽管农业农村部自2013年起对部分机械化采捕设备实施管控, 但相关环境效应研究仍显不足, 制约了资源保护与产业发展的协同优化。
目前国际上有关贝类采捕机械对生态影响的研究较多(Hall et al, 1997; Morello et al, 2005), 主要包括机械化采捕对理化环境、生物的影响及生态系统的恢复时间(Barnette, 2001), 而国内相关报道较少(母刚等, 2020)。此外, 单一生物指数(如香农-维纳多样性指数)在复杂干扰场景下的评价稳健性存疑(王桂营等, 2021), 亟需结合多指标综合评价以提升评估精度。基于此, 本研究于2024年6月对蛤蜊岗布设非采捕区、四角蛤蜊采捕区及大竹蛏采捕区共12个站点, 通过分析大型底栖动物群落结构特征, 结合ABC曲线、AMBI和M-AMBI指数综合评价生境质量, 以期为贝类资源可持续发展及管理提供科学依据。
蛤蜊岗范围为北纬40°35′53.52″~40°48′0.00″、东经121°48′15.25″~121°55′08.48″, 底质以粉砂质黏土为主, 潮汐类型为不规则半日潮。研究区域共分为非采捕区(站点1~2)、四角蛤蜊采捕区(站点3~8)和大竹蛏采捕区(站点9~12), 共布设12个站点(图1)。除大竹蛏采捕区外其他区域均会出现干露, 四角蛤蜊采捕区和大竹蛏采捕区均使用拖曳水冲齿耙耙刺渔具进行机械化采收作业。调查取样于2024年6月大潮期间开展, 确保潮汐条件一致。
各站点采用0.025 m2的抓斗式采泥器进行沉积物采样, 每个站点重复采样4次, 合并后采样总面积为0.1 m2。样品经0.5 mm筛网冲洗后, 筛选出来的大型底栖动物置于95%乙醇溶液固定后带回实验室进行物种鉴定和个体称重。现场采用美国维赛公司便携多参数水质测量仪YSI ProDSS现场测量水体盐度(Sal)、水温(Temp)、溶解氧(DO)及pH等环境因子; 采用SM-5A便携式声纳测深仪测定水深(Dep); 叶绿素a (chl a)经0.45 μm的醋酸纤维滤膜过滤后采用分光光度法测定; 采集表层0~5 cm沉积物带回实验室, 用Mastersizer 3000激光粒度分析仪测定中值粒径(MD)。
优势种通过优势度指数(Y)筛选, 计算公式如式(1)所示。
Y = fi × pi,
式中, pi=ni /N, pi为第i种的个体数量占样品总数量的比例, ni为第i种的个体数量, N代表所有物种的个体总数, fi为第i种在全部站点的出现频率, Y≥0.02的物种为优势种。
多样性指数包括香农-维纳指数(H′)、辛普森指数(D)、均匀度指数(J′)和丰富度指数(d), 计算公式如式(2)~式(5)所示。
H'=-i=1S(pilog2pi)
D=1-i=1Spi2
J'=H'/log2S
d=(S-1)/log2N
式中, S为总物种数。H'≥3.0, 生境质量状况为清洁状态; 2.0≤H'<3.0, 生境质量状况为轻度污染; 1.0≤H'<2.0, 生境质量状况为中度污染; H'<1.0, 生境质量状况为重度污染(蔡立哲等, 2002)。
对大型底栖动物丰度数据进行lg(x+1)转换, 基于Bray-Curtis相似性系数进行聚类(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析, 用胁迫系数(stress)进行效果评估, stress< 0.2时, 表示具有一定解释意义(Khalaf et al, 2002)。采用相似性分析(Anosim)和相似性百分比分析(Simper)分别分析群落组间差异的显著性和物种贡献率(吴强等, 2018)。
用于分析大型底栖生物群落受到的干扰程度。当丰度曲线与生物量曲线出现一次或多次的相交, 表明大型底栖动物群落受到强烈干扰; 而当丰度曲线一直低于生物量曲线, 则表明其未受到明显干扰(陈晨等, 2016; 刘颖等, 2021)。
AMBI将大型底栖动物分为5个生态组, 包括EG Ⅰ(干扰敏感种)、EG Ⅱ(干扰不敏感种)、EG Ⅲ (干扰耐受种)、EG Ⅳ (二阶机会种)和EG Ⅴ(一阶机会种) (丁敬坤等, 2021)。M-AMBI是包含H'指数物种丰度和AMBI指数的综合指数, 评价标准参照丁敬坤等(2021) (表1)。
环境因子使用SPSS 170进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA), 事后检验方法选择Tukey HSD, 以P<0.05为差异显著, P<0.01为差异极显著。使用ArcGis 10.2完成站点图制作, 使用origin 2024完成其他图片制作。使用R 3.6.2完成优势种和多样性指数计算, 使用Primer 6.0完成群落结构分析, AMBI和M-AMBI指数计算均使用AMBI 6.0 (http: //ambi.azti.es/)完成, 参考AMBI软件2024年10月发布的物种目录划分大型底栖动物生态组。使用“LinkET”包完成Mantel检验, 以分析不同类群大型底栖动物与环境因子之间的相关性。
本次调查的环境因子如表2所示, 大竹蛏采捕区的中值粒径显著高于对照区和四角蛤蜊采捕区(P<0.05), 而温度显著低于对照区和四角蛤蜊采捕区(P<0.05); 对照区的盐度和pH显著低于四角蛤蜊采捕区和大竹蛏采捕区(P<0.05), 其他环境因子在不同区域之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
共鉴定出大型底栖动物35种, 主要包括甲壳类(14种)、软体动物(10种)和多毛类(9种), 纽形动物和腕足动物各为1种, 具体物种见表3。优势种共5种, 如表4所示。各站点大型底栖动物生态组组成情况如图2所示。
大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量空间分布如图3所示。其中平均丰度为163.67 ind./m2, 丰度最高的为3号站点, 484 ind./m2; 丰度最低的为11号站点, 仅为28 ind./m2。大型底栖动物平均生物量为284.47 g/m2, 生物量最高的站点为5号, 达到了1114.50 g/m2; 生物量最低的站点为10号站点, 仅为0.28 g/m2
本文根据调查到的各站点物种丰度的Bray-Curtis距离进行聚类分析(图4), 结果显示, 在33.2%相似度水平上, 非采捕区和四角蛤蜊采捕区归为a组, 大竹蛏采捕区归为b组。NMDS结果显示stress为0.07, 具有一定解释度。两组间差异具有统计学意义(ANOSIM, R=0.838, P<0.01)。Simper分析结果显示, a组主要贡献种为四角蛤蜊和寡节甘吻沙蚕, 贡献率分别为18.82%和17.14%, 组内平均相似性为47.05%; b组组内平均相似性为39.63%, 主要贡献种为多鳃齿吻沙蚕和滩拟猛钩虾(Harpiniopsis vadiculus), 贡献率分别为40.50%和13.42%。
ABC曲线结果显示, 丰度曲线一直处于生物量曲线下方(图5), 且中间无相交现象发生, 表明蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落结构稳定, 环境干扰对其群落结构影响较小。
蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物的H'DJ'd表5所示。H'平均值为2.56, 最高值为9号站点, 为3.36, 最低值为3号站点, 为1.28。D平均值为0.74, 最高值为9号站点, 为0.88, 最低值为3号站点, 为0.34。J'平均值为0.80, 最高值为11号站点, 为0.96, 最低值为3号站点, 为0.37。d平均值为1.28, 最高值为5号站点, 为1.77, 最低值为10号站点, 为0.73。H'指数结果显示有4个站点生境质量状况为清洁状态, 6个站点生境质量状况为轻度污染, 2个站点生境质量状况为中度污染。
Mantel检验结果显示, 软体动物群落与叶绿素a显著相关(P<0.05); 甲壳类群落与水温显著相关(P<0.05), 纽形动物、多毛类和腕足动物等群落与环境因子无显著相关性(图6)。
对6月的大型底栖动物进行AMBI和M-AMBI指数分析, 结果如图7所示。6月AMBI值的范围为0.300~5.322, 均值为2.088, 结果显示有2个站点为无扰动状态, 8个站点为轻度扰动状态, 2号为中度扰动状态, 3号为重度扰动状态。M-AMBI值的范围为0.424~0.900, 均值为0.707, 结果显示有5个站点生态环境状况为高等状态, 6个站点为良好状态, 只有3号为一般状态。
本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物35种, 低于Li等(2024)调查的物种数(46种), 但高于Zhang等(2016)调查的物种数(29种)。Li等(2024)Zhang等(2016)等调查的物种类群以软体动物为主, 其次为甲壳类和多毛类; 而本次调查物种类群以甲壳类为主, 其次为软体动物和多毛类, 反映出该区域大型底栖动物有小型化的趋势, 即小体型的底栖动物物种类群比例增加, 山东近岸及桑沟湾等典型海域也存在这种趋势(刘旭东等, 2021; 李文豪等, 2024)。但不同海域大型底栖动物小型化趋势的形成原因并不完全相同, 如造成江苏北部近岸海域大型底栖动物小型化趋势的原因可能是周边海洋工程建设和紫菜养殖等环境扰动(于世豪等, 2025), 而本研究可能与水产养殖及环境污染有关。蛤蜊岗曾是中国北方文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)资源的主要分布区之一, 但受捕捞强度过大、苗种补充不足、病害等原因影响, 文蛤资源量严重衰竭, 已无法形成规模产量(柳圭泽等, 2020)。随着文蛤资源的衰退, 四角蛤蜊和光滑河蓝蛤等滩涂贝类的丰度、生物量和分布面积迅速增加, 已演变为新的优势种 (王金叶等, 2016), 与本研究调查结果一致。在养殖过程中可实行轮捕轮放的生产方式, 并进行苗种人工增殖放流, 以实现贝类资源的可持续利用。
大型底栖动物群落受多种环境因素影响, 彭松耀等(2017)研究发现, 水深、底层水温和盐度是影响黄海大型底栖动物优势种分布的主要因素; 宋晨等(2022)研究发现, 与舟山海域大型底栖动物群落最相关的环境因子为水深和盐度。Mantel检验结果显示, 叶绿素a和水温是影响蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落变化的重要因子。叶绿素a是浮游植物的重要组成部分, 其浓度常用于指示浮游植物生物量(孙绍庆等, 2025), 浮游植物残渣或分解产生的碎屑是软体动物的主要食物来源(李曌等, 2023)。另外, 水温是制约大型底栖动物的最主要环境因子(谭颖等, 2021), 其生长、代谢和繁殖等生理活动受水温影响较大(Dudgeon, 1985)。
H'指数、AMBI指数和M-AMBI指数评价结果均显示3号站点受扰动较大, 该区域为陆海交界处的潮间带, 受人类活动和干扰影响严重, 河流带来大量污染物(如过量营养盐、有机污染物和重金属等) (李文庆, 2015; Zhu et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2024)汇集于此, 导致该区域受污染状况严重。同时由于该区域贝类资源丰富, 机械化采捕作业强度大, 也可能导致底栖生境受到破坏。对东海宁波近岸海域捕捞活动的研究发现, 夏季休渔期的大型底栖动物群落未受干扰, 而休渔前和休渔后则受到了干扰(Liu et al, 2021)。在葡萄牙南部沿海的研究发现, 未进行捕捞作业的区域的物种数量、丰度和生物多样性指数均显著高于进行捕捞作业的区域, 但进行高强度捕捞作业的区域显著高于进行中强度捕捞作业的区域(Gaspar et al, 2009)。这表明可能有一些耐受性强的物种在捕捞活动影响下受益, 其数量变得更多, 而敏感物种的密度则大幅下降(Sampaio et al, 2022)。在本研究中, 3号站点大型底栖动物功能组主要由EG Ⅱ和EG Ⅴ组成, 与上述观点一致。
不同的生物指数在评估相同区域时会出现不同的结果(王桂营等, 2021), 当一个群落中分类群或个体较少时, 就会出现H'对底栖生态质量的低估和AMBI对底栖生态环境的高估 (Borja et al, 2005; Zhang et al, 2023), 进而导致生物指数稳健性降低。如H'指数结果显示10号站点为中度污染, 而AMBI和M-AMBI的评价结果分别为无扰动和良好。因此, 生物指数的选择在一定程度上决定了底栖生境质量评价的准确性(Munari et al, 2010)。为解决这个问题, Muxika等(2007)将AMBI指数、物种丰富度和多样性相结合, 得到了M-AMBI指数。相比于其他单因子指数, M-AMBI指数更能合理有效地评估底栖生境质量(Lu et al, 2021; 王桂营等, 2021)。生态分组会影响M-AMBI指数的稳健性, 因为物种有时在不同区域对同一压力污染源表现出不同的耐受性(Gillett et al, 2015; Pelletier et al, 2018), 在单一区域应用中需要对EG值进行额外校准。
M-AMBI结果显示除3号站点外, 四角蛤蜊采捕区和大竹蛏采捕区底栖质量均为良好和高等状态, 这表明长期机械化采捕对蛤蜊岗底栖生境质量可能影响较小, 但后续应进行长期跟踪调查, 以减少季节性变化对群落的影响, 并结合多种理化指标(水质、沉积物性质等), 以提高评估的准确性和合理性。同时在实际生产操作过程中, 应考虑轮捕轮放的增养殖方式, 减少机械化采收对底栖环境的影响, 使蛤蜊岗海域生态系统健康可持续发展。
调查共鉴定出35种大型底栖动物, 优势种以多毛类和软体动物为主。聚类分析将大型底栖动物群落分为两组, 群落物种组成主要受中值粒径和水温影响。ABC曲线显示蛤蜊岗大型底栖动物群落结构整体稳定, 未受显著干扰。H'指数、AMBI指数和M-AMBI指数评估显示, 仅个别站点显示中度或重度扰动状态, 底栖生境质量整体处于良好状态。相比于H'指数和AMBI指数, M-AMBI指数更适合该区域的生境质量评价。

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doi: 10.11693/hyhz20250300088
  • 接收时间:2025-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-08-06
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31
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    1海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室(中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所) 山东青岛 266071
    2青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东青岛 266237
    3自然资源部北海海域海岛中心 山东青岛 266061

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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