Article(id=1292187185516667866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11693/hyhz20260300074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774713600000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-29, revisedDate=1777478400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1786011032703, onlineDateStr=2026-08-06, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786011032703, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786011032703, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786011032703, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1292187163098112845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='579', pageEnd='830', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786011027358, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786013993148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=582, endPage=588, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1292187185818657755, articleId=1292187185516667866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=EN, title=ONTONOLOGICAL REFLECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN MARINE SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION: FROM THE “PRESUMPTION OF HOMOGENEITY” TO “PROBLEM-DRIVEN RECOGNITION OF HETEROGENEITY”, columnId=1292187164138303612, journalTitle=Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, columnName=PERSPECTIVES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
There is a significant disconnection between the richness of data and the effectiveness of decision-making in current marine observation practices. This study argues that the root cause lies in the “ontological” bias and “methodological” mismatch in the logic that guides observation design. We first examine the “uniformity assumption” that views the ocean as a spatially homogeneous and temporally gradual system. Based on the “land-sea heterogeneity isomorphism” framework, we demonstrate that the ocean is essentially a heterogeneous landscape dominated by key dynamic processes, characterized by “resource-rich areas”, “risk-concentrated areas”, and “pulsatile events” that drive their changes. These local, transient, and nonlinear threshold processes often dominate the function and evolution of coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Traditional “mission-oriented” or “undifferentiated census” observations, which ignore this essence, lead to systematic omissions of core processes and key risk signals. Based on this, we propose a fundamental shift in the marine science observation paradigm: from “routine observation-driven alone” to “a combination of routine observation and scientific questions/management goal-driven”. We construct a logical framework of “scientific questions/management goals-key processes-observation requirements”, and systematically expound on three methodological breakthroughs to address the “fluid medium” characteristics of the ocean: building a “dynamic adaptive perception network” to replace fixed grids, establishing “full-chain process analysis” to replace isolated hypothesis testing, and achieving an intelligent closed loop of “real-time assimilation and predictive decision-making”. This study aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical pathway from ontological cognition to methodological practice to build the next generation of “precise, efficient, and applicable” marine science observation systems.
, authors=Song SUN
1, 2, 3, Wen-Xiao ZANG
1, Xiao-Xia SUN
1, 2, 3, Fang ZHANG
1, 3, Nan WANG
1, 3, authorsList=Song SUN, Wen-Xiao ZANG, Xiao-Xia SUN, Fang ZHANG, Nan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1292187189102797792, articleId=1292187185516667866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=CN, title=海洋科学观测的本体论反思与方法论重构——从“均匀性预设”到“问题驱动的异质性认知”, columnId=1292187164280909950, journalTitle=海洋与湖沼, columnName=观点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
当前海洋观测在数据丰富性与决策有效性之间存在显著脱节。作者认为, 其根源在于指导观测设计的底层逻辑存在“本体论”偏差与“方法论”错配。作者首先审视了将海洋视为空间上均质、时间上渐变的系统的“均匀性预设”, 并基于“陆-海异质性同构”框架, 论证海洋在本质上是一个由关键动态过程主导的异质景观, 其特征表现为“资源富集区”、“风险聚集区”及驱动其变化的“脉冲性事件”。近海与海岸带生态系统的功能与演变, 常由这些局部、短暂且具有非线性阈值效应的过程所主导。传统“任务导向”或“无差别普查”式观测因忽视此本质, 导致对核心过程与关键风险信号的系统性遗漏。基于此, 该文提出海洋科学观测范式的根本转向: 从“单纯例行观测驱动”转向“例行观测与科学问题/管理目标双驱动相结合”。作者构建了“科学问题/管理目标—关键过程—观测需求”的逻辑框架, 并系统阐述了应对海洋“流体介质”特性的三大方法论突破: 构建“动态自适应感知网络”以取代固定网格, 确立“全链条过程解析”以替代孤立的假设检验, 以及实现“实时同化与预测决策”的智能闭环。该文旨在为构建“精准、高效、适用”的下一代海洋科学观测体系, 提供从本体论认知到方法论实践的完整理论路径。
, authors=孙松
1, 2, 3, 臧文潇
1, 孙晓霞
1, 2, 3, 张芳
1, 3, 王楠
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1Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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1Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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1Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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1中国科学院海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学实验室 山东青岛 266071
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从“均质化网格普查”到“异质性靶向侦查”注: a~c为基于“均质性幻象”的网格式观测设计。无论面对何种景观(山峰、峡谷、丘陵、平原、沟壑、溪流、春季花林、夏季暴雨山谷), 均采用统一、规则的观测网格(蓝色网线与红点)。这种设计隐含了“系统性质均匀变化”的错误前提, 导致观测资源(红点)在信息冗余区(如平原)过度密集, 而在驱动系统的关键结构与过程区(如山脊、峡谷、河道、生态过渡带)严重不足或完全缺失, 从而系统性遗漏核心信息。d~f为基于“异质性认知”与问题驱动的靶向式观测设计。观测网络(红点)的布局严格遵循景观的异质性特征与待解决的科学/管理问题(如花期预测、洪水预警、生态评估)。观测资源被优先部署到功能核心区与过程敏感带(如雪线、坡面径流路径、河道断面、植被边界)。这体现了“观测耦合于过程”的新范式, 能以更高的效率捕捉系统的关键状态与突变信号
, figureFileSmall=gGK17kWBHh/s/xo/Od+fTA==, figureFileBig=dowCX9J7MXXx/RHCKeMrDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187194547003419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187185516667866, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
A heteromorphic isomorphic relationship between ocean and land in a macroscopic pattern
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| 维度 | “均质性”预设下的海洋意象 | “异质性”预设下的海洋意象 | 对观测设计的根本启示 |
|---|
| 空间结构 | 均匀的、连续渐变的“流体”或“平原” | 斑块镶嵌、峰谷交错的“山地景观” | 应放弃均匀网格, 有针对性地加密观测“峰”与“谷” |
| 时间动态 | 线性的、缓慢的、可预测的“趋势” | 非线性的、脉冲的、充满阈值的“节律与突变” | 应放弃固定频率, 使采样率匹配关键过程的脉冲节奏 |
| 系统主导者 | 广袤的“背景平原” | 局地的“资源峰”与“风险谷” | 观测资源应从“背景普查”向“关键靶区”倾斜 |
| 核心信息载体 | 区域平均值与长期趋势 | 空间极值、时间突变事件及其阈值 | 评价指标应从“均值”转向“极值”与“过程速率” |
), ArticleFig(id=1292187194614112284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187185516667866, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
海洋与陆地在宏观格局上的异质性同构关系
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| 维度 | “均质性”预设下的海洋意象 | “异质性”预设下的海洋意象 | 对观测设计的根本启示 |
|---|
| 空间结构 | 均匀的、连续渐变的“流体”或“平原” | 斑块镶嵌、峰谷交错的“山地景观” | 应放弃均匀网格, 有针对性地加密观测“峰”与“谷” |
| 时间动态 | 线性的、缓慢的、可预测的“趋势” | 非线性的、脉冲的、充满阈值的“节律与突变” | 应放弃固定频率, 使采样率匹配关键过程的脉冲节奏 |
| 系统主导者 | 广袤的“背景平原” | 局地的“资源峰”与“风险谷” | 观测资源应从“背景普查”向“关键靶区”倾斜 |
| 核心信息载体 | 区域平均值与长期趋势 | 空间极值、时间突变事件及其阈值 | 评价指标应从“均值”转向“极值”与“过程速率” |
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