Article(id=1292187325325403065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11693/hyhz20250300077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=1752163200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1786011066037, onlineDateStr=2026-08-06, pubDate=1780070400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786011066037, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786011066037, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786011066037, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1292187163098112845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, year='2026', volume='57', issue='3', pageStart='579', pageEnd='830', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780070400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786011027358, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786013993148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1292199602611056778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, issueId=1292187163098112845, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=785, endPage=794, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1292187325522535354, articleId=1292187325325403065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=EN, title=ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL QUALITY IN THE YELLOW RIVER ESTUARY DURING WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION BASED ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY, columnId=1292187198095384612, journalTitle=Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, columnName=ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Yellow River Estuary as a vital ecological bridge linking freshwater and marine ecosystems, with its ecological health significantly impacted by the Yellow River water and sediment regulation project. To assess the environmental ecological quality of the estuary during this regulation period, data on macrobenthos and bottom water environmental factors were collected on three occasions throughout the 2023 water and sediment regulation phase. Four indices—AMBI, M-AMBI, BOPA, and Shannon-Wiener diversity—were employed to gauge the ecological status of the estuary. To reconcile the discrepancies in evaluation standards among these biological indices, an endeavor was made to establish a comprehensive biological index (CBI) using the entropy weight method. This approach aimed to unify the evaluation criteria across the four indices. Furthermore, the Nemerow Comprehensive Water Quality Evaluation Index (P) was introduced to validate the results. The survey revealed a total of 133 macrobenthos species belonging to five taxa, with polychaetes and mollusks emerging as the dominant groups. Notable shifts were observed in the macrobenthos community structure across the three periods: before, during, and after the water and sediment regulation. During the regulation period, the benthic ecological quality of the Yellow River Estuary was generally classified as “moderate” or “mildly polluted”. Pollution levels intensified at stations nearer to the estuary, indicating poorer ecological quality in these areas. The CBI exhibited a strong correlation with bottom water environmental factors and aligned well with the findings of the comprehensive water quality evaluation index. The evaluation grades for the ecological status at each monitoring station were distinctly stratified, demonstrating that the CBI method, constructed using the entropy weight method for various biological indices, is a viable tool for assessing the environmental ecological quality of the Yellow River Estuary. These research findings offer fresh perspectives for evaluating the environmental ecological quality of this crucial estuary.

, authors=Guang-Xin CUI, Shao-Wen LI, Xiao-Min ZHANG, Fan LI, authorsList=Guang-Xin CUI, Shao-Wen LI, Xiao-Min ZHANG, Fan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1292187327917482947, articleId=1292187325325403065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, language=CN, title=调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量评价——基于大型底栖动物群落特征, columnId=1292187198254768166, journalTitle=海洋与湖沼, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄河口海域联结淡水和海水生态系统, 其生态质量受黄河调水调沙工程影响较大。为评价调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量, 采用2023年调水调沙期间3次采集的黄河口海域大型底栖动物、底层水环境因子等数据, 利用AMBI、M-AMBI、BOPA及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对该海域环境生态质量进行评价; 针对不同生物指数评价标准不统一的问题, 尝试对4种生物指数利用熵权法构建综合生物指数(CBI)来统一评价标准, 同时引入内梅罗水质综合评价指数(P)进行结果验证。结果表明, 本次调查共采集134种大型底栖动物, 分属5个类群, 其中多毛类和软体动物为主要优势种, 调水调沙前、中、后3个时期大型底栖动物群落结构发生显著变化。调水调沙期间黄河口海域底栖生态质量总体处于中等状态, 其中河口附近站位更易受到干扰, 生态质量状况较差。CBI指数与底层水环境因子相关性较高, 且与水质综合评价指数结果较为一致, 对各监测站位的生态状况评价等级分层明显, 表明利用熵权法对各生物指数构建的综合生物指数法可用于黄河口海域环境生态质量评价。研究结果为黄河口海域环境生态质量评价提供了新思路。

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崔广鑫, 研究实习员, E-mail:

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李凡, 研究员, E-mail:
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Journal of Cleaner Production, 294: 126291., articleTitle=Impact of the Water–Sediment Regulation Scheme on the phytoplankton community in the Yellow River estuary, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1292187328160752580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1292187328173335493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, companyId=1292187328160752580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1292187328190112710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, companyId=1292187328160752580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 山东烟台 264006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1292187329834279909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Sampling stations in the sea area of the Yellow River Estuary, figureFileSmall=KY6MLQcnV6mPWwLziCn9wA==, figureFileBig=i3MiErk6DtrtFRHiDa27qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187329897194470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=图1, caption=黄河口海域调查站位, figureFileSmall=KY6MLQcnV6mPWwLziCn9wA==, figureFileBig=i3MiErk6DtrtFRHiDa27qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187330077549543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in macrobenthic species abundance (ind./m²) (a) and dominant species distribution (b) in the Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation, figureFileSmall=SmrqZyimTvxtC9l0TjqGeA==, figureFileBig=d9nGaHUGGsVPAW4w+sb1xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187330136269800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=图2, caption=调水调沙期间黄河口海域大型底栖生物物种丰度(ind./m2)变化(a)及优势物种丰度(ind./m2)分布(b)

注: P1: 多毛类; P2: 节肢动物; P3: 软体动物; P4: 棘皮动物; P5: 其他类。Sp1: 巴氏钩毛虫; Sp2: 中国不倒翁虫; Sp3: 寡节甘吻沙蚕; Sp4: 棘刺锚参; Sp5: 江户明樱蛤; Sp6: 马丽亚瓷光螺; Sp7: 内肋蛤; Sp8: 日本管角贝; Sp9: 头吻沙蚕; Sp10: 细长涟虫; Sp11: 小瘤犹帝虫

, figureFileSmall=SmrqZyimTvxtC9l0TjqGeA==, figureFileBig=d9nGaHUGGsVPAW4w+sb1xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187331788825577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Diversity index of large benthic animal communities in the vicinity of the Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation period, figureFileSmall=uAggIr3XY3WuQFXZjqMDKA==, figureFileBig=YKKwtxXkO106pyFjg2c3uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187331872711658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=图3, caption=调水调沙期间黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落多样性指数, figureFileSmall=uAggIr3XY3WuQFXZjqMDKA==, figureFileBig=YKKwtxXkO106pyFjg2c3uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187331939820523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Ecological quality indices for the Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation, figureFileSmall=W1Hhfhhm6bPtd9dGFHSrOQ==, figureFileBig=sRFeZOQut1glBgeCwZBGmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187332002735084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=图4, caption=调水调沙期间黄河口海域生态质量评价指数, figureFileSmall=W1Hhfhhm6bPtd9dGFHSrOQ==, figureFileBig=sRFeZOQut1glBgeCwZBGmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1292187332057261037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation criteria for water quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
内梅罗指数清洁Ⅰ较清洁Ⅱ轻度污染Ⅲ中度污染Ⅳ重度污染Ⅴ
P0~0.60.6~1.01~2.62.6~5P>5
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332115981294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

水质综合评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
内梅罗指数清洁Ⅰ较清洁Ⅱ轻度污染Ⅲ中度污染Ⅳ重度污染Ⅴ
P0~0.60.6~1.01~2.62.6~5P>5
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332195673071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Ecological evaluation criteria for Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指数中等较差
M-AMBI0.77~1.000.53~0.770.38~0.530.20~0.380~0.2
H'>43~42~31~20~1
AMBI0~1.21.2~3.33.3~5.05.0~6.06.0~7.0
BOPA0~0.460.46~0.140.14~0.200.20~0.270.27~0.30
CBI0.8~10.6~0.80.4~0.60.2~0.40~0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332258587632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调水调沙期间黄河口海域生态质量评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指数中等较差
M-AMBI0.77~1.000.53~0.770.38~0.530.20~0.380~0.2
H'>43~42~31~20~1
AMBI0~1.21.2~3.33.3~5.05.0~6.06.0~7.0
BOPA0~0.460.46~0.140.14~0.200.20~0.270.27~0.30
CBI0.8~10.6~0.80.4~0.60.2~0.40~0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332321502193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Similarity and species turnover rate of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow River Estuary

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
比较时期ABE/%CCR2P
M1~M2275333.750.480.0640.04
M2~M3315237.350.480.0760.01
M1~M3354543.750.400.0980.01
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332384416754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落相似性及种群更替率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
比较时期ABE/%CCR2P
M1~M2275333.750.480.0640.04
M2~M3315237.350.480.0760.01
M1~M3354543.750.400.0980.01
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332447331315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Changes of environmental variables in Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子调水调沙前期调水调沙中期调水调沙后期
DO/(mg/L)7.52±0.446.36±0.276.52±0.58
pH8.22±0.068.37±0.048.14±0.1
DIP/(μg/L)0.003±0.0010.005±0.0010.003±0.002
DIN/(μg/L)0.33±0.10.31±0.20.16±0.13
COD/(mg/L)0.14±0.011.41±0.321.35±0.39
Oil/(mg/L)0.04±0.010.03±0.010.02±0.01
As/(mg/L)2.78±0.143.05±0.133.06±0.2
Cd/(mg/L)0.14±0.010.15±0.030.13±0.01
Cu/(mg/L)2.45±0.152.51±0.152.65±0.12
Hg/(mg/L)0.04±0.010.05±0.010.04±0.01
Pb/(mg/L)1.18±0.091.63±0.181.19±0.07
Zn/(mg/L)33.21±3.6438.31±2.8637.75±2.27
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332531217396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境因子变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子调水调沙前期调水调沙中期调水调沙后期
DO/(mg/L)7.52±0.446.36±0.276.52±0.58
pH8.22±0.068.37±0.048.14±0.1
DIP/(μg/L)0.003±0.0010.005±0.0010.003±0.002
DIN/(μg/L)0.33±0.10.31±0.20.16±0.13
COD/(mg/L)0.14±0.011.41±0.321.35±0.39
Oil/(mg/L)0.04±0.010.03±0.010.02±0.01
As/(mg/L)2.78±0.143.05±0.133.06±0.2
Cd/(mg/L)0.14±0.010.15±0.030.13±0.01
Cu/(mg/L)2.45±0.152.51±0.152.65±0.12
Hg/(mg/L)0.04±0.010.05±0.010.04±0.01
Pb/(mg/L)1.18±0.091.63±0.181.19±0.07
Zn/(mg/L)33.21±3.6438.31±2.8637.75±2.27
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332598326261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Spearman correlation coefficients between CBI indices and environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期CBIAsCdCODCuHgPbpHZnDIPDOOilDIN
M1 CBI0.130.35-0.27-0.09-0.12-0.20-0.58-0.12-0.240.09-0.030.22
M2 CBI0.64*0.320.67*-0.41-0.200.33-0.310.190.59*0.15-0.38-0.24
M3 CBI0.32-0.480.39-0.06-0.450.450.68*-0.100.180.23-0.67*0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332661240822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CBI指数与环境因子的Spearman相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期CBIAsCdCODCuHgPbpHZnDIPDOOilDIN
M1 CBI0.130.35-0.27-0.09-0.12-0.20-0.58-0.12-0.240.09-0.030.22
M2 CBI0.64*0.320.67*-0.41-0.200.33-0.310.190.59*0.15-0.38-0.24
M3 CBI0.32-0.480.39-0.06-0.450.450.68*-0.100.180.23-0.67*0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332753515511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of environmental ecological quality assessment in the Yellow River Estuary during water and sediment discharge regulation

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时期H'BOPAAMBIM-AMBICBIP
状态状态状态状态状态状态
M12.42中等0.121.990.800.58中等1.09轻度污染
M22.23中等0.17中等2.310.770.59中等1.31轻度污染
M32.53中等0.17中等2.14中等0.800.47中等1.01轻度污染
), ArticleFig(id=1292187332820624376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1291416733694918677, articleId=1292187325325403065, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时期H'BOPAAMBIM-AMBICBIP
状态状态状态状态状态状态
M12.42中等0.121.990.800.58中等1.09轻度污染
M22.23中等0.17中等2.310.770.59中等1.31轻度污染
M32.53中等0.17中等2.14中等0.800.47中等1.01轻度污染
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调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量评价——基于大型底栖动物群落特征
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崔广鑫 , 李少文 , 张孝民 , 李凡
海洋与湖沼 | 研究论文 2026,57(3): 785-794
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海洋与湖沼 |研究论文 2026 , 57 (3) : 785 -794
调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量评价——基于大型底栖动物群落特征
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崔广鑫 , 李少文, 张孝民, 李凡
作者信息
  • 1山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 山东烟台 264006
通讯作者:
李凡, 研究员, E-mail:
作者简介:

崔广鑫, 研究实习员, E-mail:

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL QUALITY IN THE YELLOW RIVER ESTUARY DURING WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION BASED ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY
Guang-Xin CUI , Shao-Wen LI, Xiao-Min ZHANG, Fan LI
Affiliations
  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
出版时间: 2026-05-30 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20250300077
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黄河口海域联结淡水和海水生态系统, 其生态质量受黄河调水调沙工程影响较大。为评价调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量, 采用2023年调水调沙期间3次采集的黄河口海域大型底栖动物、底层水环境因子等数据, 利用AMBI、M-AMBI、BOPA及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对该海域环境生态质量进行评价; 针对不同生物指数评价标准不统一的问题, 尝试对4种生物指数利用熵权法构建综合生物指数(CBI)来统一评价标准, 同时引入内梅罗水质综合评价指数(P)进行结果验证。结果表明, 本次调查共采集134种大型底栖动物, 分属5个类群, 其中多毛类和软体动物为主要优势种, 调水调沙前、中、后3个时期大型底栖动物群落结构发生显著变化。调水调沙期间黄河口海域底栖生态质量总体处于中等状态, 其中河口附近站位更易受到干扰, 生态质量状况较差。CBI指数与底层水环境因子相关性较高, 且与水质综合评价指数结果较为一致, 对各监测站位的生态状况评价等级分层明显, 表明利用熵权法对各生物指数构建的综合生物指数法可用于黄河口海域环境生态质量评价。研究结果为黄河口海域环境生态质量评价提供了新思路。

调水调沙  /  底栖动物群落  /  生态质量  /  综合生物指数  /  黄河口海域

The Yellow River Estuary as a vital ecological bridge linking freshwater and marine ecosystems, with its ecological health significantly impacted by the Yellow River water and sediment regulation project. To assess the environmental ecological quality of the estuary during this regulation period, data on macrobenthos and bottom water environmental factors were collected on three occasions throughout the 2023 water and sediment regulation phase. Four indices—AMBI, M-AMBI, BOPA, and Shannon-Wiener diversity—were employed to gauge the ecological status of the estuary. To reconcile the discrepancies in evaluation standards among these biological indices, an endeavor was made to establish a comprehensive biological index (CBI) using the entropy weight method. This approach aimed to unify the evaluation criteria across the four indices. Furthermore, the Nemerow Comprehensive Water Quality Evaluation Index (P) was introduced to validate the results. The survey revealed a total of 133 macrobenthos species belonging to five taxa, with polychaetes and mollusks emerging as the dominant groups. Notable shifts were observed in the macrobenthos community structure across the three periods: before, during, and after the water and sediment regulation. During the regulation period, the benthic ecological quality of the Yellow River Estuary was generally classified as “moderate” or “mildly polluted”. Pollution levels intensified at stations nearer to the estuary, indicating poorer ecological quality in these areas. The CBI exhibited a strong correlation with bottom water environmental factors and aligned well with the findings of the comprehensive water quality evaluation index. The evaluation grades for the ecological status at each monitoring station were distinctly stratified, demonstrating that the CBI method, constructed using the entropy weight method for various biological indices, is a viable tool for assessing the environmental ecological quality of the Yellow River Estuary. These research findings offer fresh perspectives for evaluating the environmental ecological quality of this crucial estuary.

water and sediment discharge regulation  /  macrobenthic community  /  ecological quality  /  comprehensive biological index  /  Yellow River Estuary sea area
崔广鑫, 李少文, 张孝民, 李凡. 调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量评价——基于大型底栖动物群落特征. 海洋与湖沼, 2026 , 57 (3) : 785 -794 . DOI: 10.11693/hyhz20250300077
Guang-Xin CUI, Shao-Wen LI, Xiao-Min ZHANG, Fan LI. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL QUALITY IN THE YELLOW RIVER ESTUARY DURING WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION BASED ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2026 , 57 (3) : 785 -794 . DOI: 10.11693/hyhz20250300077
黄河口海域处于海陆交汇处, 是联结淡水与海水系统的生态纽带, 独特的地理位置使其具有复杂的理化环境和多样的生态系统(Li et al, 2024, Hu et al, 2024)。黄河调水调沙工程将黄河干流的泥沙于每年6月开始集中输送入海, 短时大量淡水、营养盐、泥沙等物质的输入会对黄河口海域的生态环境产生较大影响(Li et al, 2011; Liu, 2015)。目前, 针对调水调沙对黄河口海域影响的研究多集中于浮游动物(Liu et al, 2023)、浮游植物(Zhang et al, 2021)、重金属(Chen et al, 2021)、沉积环境(赵玉庭等, 2024)等生物资源和环境因子方面, 在对调水调沙期间黄河口海域生态质量变化方面的研究大部分采用单一生物指数法对生态质量进行评价(Ren et al, 2016; Li et al, 2020)。
大型底栖动物是黄河口海域生态系统中重要的底层组成部分, 水-沉积物界面的物质交换对其摄食、活动、繁殖等具有较大影响(McGoff et al, 2013)。同时大型底栖动物的活动范围有限, 对海洋环境因子变化敏感(Ryu et al, 2011), 作为海洋环境生态质量评价的指示物种, 能够准确反映生态环境变化(Bae et al, 2018)。对生态环境质量进行评价的大型底栖生物指数主要有Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(耿世伟等, 2012)、BOPA (Benthic Opportunistic Polychaetes Amphipods)指数(Dauvin et al, 2007)、BENTIX指数(Simboura et al, 2002)、AMBI指数(Borja et al, 2000)、M-AMBI指数(Muxika et al, 2007)等, 上述生物指数的构建在海洋环境生态质量评价中单独使用均能取得较好的效果。但考虑到评价海域地理环境和资源情况的差别以及各生物指数评价标准的不同, 在对同一海域环境生态质量评价时, 不同的生物指数可能会产生相异的结果。熵权法则可以通过熵值衡量各生物指数的有效信息, 合理确定各指标的权重, 从而计算出综合生物指数(comprehensive biological index, CBI)来构建统一的评价标准(宋景辉等, 2020; 姚琦等, 2024)。
目前黄河口海域环境生态质量评价研究大多采用单一生物指数评价法(李少文等, 2017; 张嵩等, 2017), 且对调水调沙期间黄河口海域环境生态质量变化的研究较少, 因此, 研究内容主要为: (1) 确定调水调沙期间大型底栖动物群落特征, 并分析其前、中、后期的时空变化; (2) 利用4种生物指数对黄河口海域环境生态质量进行评价, 尝试利用熵权法构建CBI进行生态质量评价, 并结合内梅罗指数验证CBI的可行性。研究结果有助于扩展黄河口海域环境生态质量评价方法, 为黄河调水调沙工程科学实施提供参考。
2023年调水调沙前期(6月15~20日)、中期(7月14~17日)、后期(8月15~28日)于黄河口海域设置12个调查站位, 进行3个航次的大型底栖动物及底层水环境因子调查, 调查范围为119°06′00″~119°40′41″E、37°30′00″~38°13′12″N, 调查区域及站位分布见图1。调查站位均使用0.05 m2抓斗式采泥器采集4次底泥, 底泥样品在0.5 mm套筛中现场清洗, 生物样品经5%甲醛海水溶液固定后带回实验室进行分类鉴定。
同步测定监测站位底层水(海底基质上2 m)环境因子如下: 溶解氧(DO)、pH、COD、无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(DIP)、石油类质量浓度(Oil)、重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg、As)。样品采集和分析均按照《海洋调查规范》(GB/T 12763—2007)执行。
调水调沙后期C2站位仅采集到2种大型底栖动物, 故后续数据分析中不考虑该站位。不同调查时期的群落优势种根据物种优势度指数(Y)确定(徐兆礼等, 1989), Y≥0.02时, 该物种确定为优势种。
Y=(ni/Nfi
种群更替率E和Jaccard群落组成相似性指数(Coefficient of Community, CC)来反映调水调沙期间大型底栖动物群落的物种更替变化(崔培东等, 2024):
E=A/(A+B) ,
CC=Ss/(Sj+Sk-Ss),
式中, ni指第i种的个体数, N为所有站位大型底栖动物的总个体数目, fi表示该物种在各站位中的出现频率; A为两个监测期间出现的不同物种数目, B为出现的相同物种数目; Ss为两个监测期间共有种类数, SjSk分别表示两个监测期间各自拥有的种类数。定义CC为0~0.25时群落间极不相似; 0.25~0.50时群落间不相似; 0.50~0.75时群落间相似, 0.75~1.00时群落间极相似。
利用置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)对不同监测时期大型底栖动物群落结构进行显著性检验, 相似百分比分析(SIMPER)检验群落结构变化的主要贡献物种, 分析前对物种数据进行lg(x+1)转换, 以降低极端值的影响, 上述分析使用R 4.3.3软件Vegan包完成。
计算调水调沙不同时期大型底栖动物的物种多样性指数, 包括Shannon-Weiner指数(H') (Shannon, 1948)、Margalef丰富度指数(d) (Margalef, 1958)、Pielou均匀度指数(J') (Pielou, 1966)、Simpson指数(D) (Simpson, 1949), 公式如下所示:
H'=-i=1sPiln Pi
d=(S-1)/lnN ,
J'=H'/lnS,
D=1-i=1S(ni/N)2
式中, S为底泥样品中大型底栖动物种类总数, Pi为第i种底栖动物的个体数与底泥样品中底栖动物总个体数的比值, N为所有站位大型底栖动物总个体数, ni为第i种的个体数, 上述指数计算使用R 4.3.3软件Vegan包完成。
利用内梅罗指数(Nemerow, 1974)对监测海域底层12个水质指标进行综合评价, 内梅罗指数是基于水体环境单因子污染指数所计算的水体综合污染指数, 能有效反映水体生态环境变动。根据调查海域功能区划分, 监测站位B2、C2、C3、D2、D3、E2、E3位于海洋保护区采用《海水水质标准》(GB3097—1997)中的一类水质标准, B4、C4、D4、E4位于农业养殖区采用二类水质标准, B3位于港口区采用四类水质标准。计算公式如下:
Pi=CiSi 
P=pmax2+pavg22 ,
式中, Pi为单因子污染指数, Ci为第i种污染物的实测浓度, Si为第i类污染物的评价标准浓度, P为内梅罗指数, pmaxpavg为单因子污染指数的最大值和平均值。内梅罗指数评价标准见表1
采用BOPA指数、H'指数、AMBI指数和M-AMBI指数对各监测站位进行生态质量评价。
BOPA (benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods, 底栖动物多毛类机会种和端足目动物)指数低时表示环境良好, 其值增加表明环境退化; H' (Shannnon-Wiener)物种多样性指数, 其值越大表明生态环境越好; AMBI指数根据底栖动物对扰动耐受度的不同分为5类进行计算: AMBI=[(0×EGⅠ%)+(1.5×EGⅡ%)+(3×EGⅢ%)+(4.5×EGⅣ%)+(6×EGⅤ%)]/100; 其中EGⅠ为干扰敏感型物种丰度, EGⅡ为干扰不敏感型物种丰度, EGⅢ为干扰耐受型物种丰度, EGⅣ为二阶机会物种丰度, EGⅤ为一阶机会物种丰度。M-AMBI指数是在AMBI指数的基础上考虑物种丰度和物种多样性指数通过因子分析所得, AMBI和M-AMBI指数由AMBI V6.0软件计算完成(https: //ambi.azti.es; 采用2022年5月物种清单)。调水调沙期间监测站位各指数生态质量评价标准见表2。BOPA指数公式如下:
BOPA=lgfpfA+1+1
式中, fp为底泥样品中多毛类机会种的个体数与大型底栖动物总个体数的比值; fA为底泥样品中端足目动物个体数与大型底栖动物总个体数的比值。
通过熵权法对BOPA、H'、AMBI和M-AMBI四种指数确定各生物指数的权重, 各指数加权计算后累加得到综合指数CBI, 尝试根据CBI值在0~1的范围内五等分来确定调水调沙期间的生态质量评价标准, 生态质量评价标准划定依次为优、良、中等、较差、差5种状态(表2)。CBI指数计算过程如下(姚琦等, 2024):
(1) 各指数进行极差法标准化处理
zij=Xij-Xmin/Xmax-Xmin(正向指标)Xmax-Xij/Xmax-Xmin(负向指标) ,pij=ziji=1nzij
(2) 评价指标信息熵计算
ej=-1lnni=1nPijln Pij
(3) 计算信息熵冗余度
dj=1-ej 
(4) 确定评价指标熵权
wj=dji=1mdj
(5) 综合生物指数CBI
CBI=i=1nwjzij
式中, Xijzij分别为第i个监测点的第j种生物指数、标准值, XmaxXmin分别为该站位所有生物指数中的最大值和最小值, pij为第i个监测点在第j种生物指数下所占比重, ej为第j种生物指数的熵, 其值越小, 说明指标变异程度越高, 提供的信息量越多, dj表示第j种生物指数的差异系数, 差异系数越大表明该指标的有效信息越多, wj表示第j种生物指数的权重, CBI为综合指数。数据处理由Excell(2016)和R 4.3.3软件Vegan包完成。
调水调沙期间黄河口海域3次调查共鉴定大型底栖动物134种, 包括多毛类44种、棘皮动物4种、节肢动物39种、软体动物41种、其他类6种; 调水调沙前、中、后期鉴定物种数分别为80种、83种、78种。调水调沙期间物种丰度(ind./m2)变化见图2a。
采用物种优势度指数(Y)确定群落中的优势种, 前期优势物种主要为寡节甘吻沙蚕(Glycinde gurjanovae)、细长涟虫(Iphinoe tenera)、马丽亚瓷光螺(Eulima maria)、江户明樱蛤(Moerella jedoensis)、巴氏钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)、日本管角贝(Siphonodentalium japonicum), Y值分别为0.14、0.06、0.05、0.04、0.03、0.02; 中期优势种主要为寡节甘吻沙蚕、江户明樱蛤、细长涟虫、日本管角贝、棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)、内肋蛤(Endopleura lubrica), Y值分别为0.15、0.06、0.04、0.04、0.03、0.03; 后期优势物种寡节甘吻沙蚕、日本管角贝、江户明樱蛤、头吻沙蚕(Glycera capitata)、小瘤犹帝虫(Cryptonome parvecarunculata)、巴氏钩毛虫、中国不倒翁虫(Sternaspis chinensis), Y值分别为0.06、0.03、0.03、0.03、0.03、0.02、0.02, 调水调沙期间优势种更替不明显。3次调查期间优势物种丰度(ind./m2)分布见图2b。
Jaccard指数计算结果显示调水调沙期间大型底栖动物群落间CC均处于0.25~0.50, 表现为不相似(表3)。调查期间种群更替率平均值为38.28%, 种群更替较为明显, 前期与中期种群更替率为33.75%, 相异物种为27种; 中期与后期的种群更替率为37.35%, 相异物种为31种; 前期与后期种群更替率达43.75%, 相异物种为35种(表3)。
PERMANOVA分析显示调水调沙各时期群落结构具有显著性差异P<0.05 (表3), SIMPER结果显示前期与中期群落的平均相异性为72.27%, 中期与后期为76.43%, 前期与后期为78.72%, 累计贡献率超过50%的分歧种主要为多毛类和软体动物。
调查期间黄河口海域的物种丰富度指数(d')、物种均匀度指数(J')及Simpson指数(D)变化不明显。前、中、后期物种丰富度指数分别为4.48±0.85、4.42±1.26和4.55±0.82; 均匀度指数分别为0.82±0.12、0.76±0.11和0.88±0.05; Simpson指数分别为0.85±0.11、0.80±0.12和0.89±0.02 (图3)。
底层水环境因子监测结果见表4, 利用内梅罗指数对黄河口海水环境质量进行评价, 结果显示, 调水调沙前、中、后期的平均得分为1.09、1.31和1.01, 总体处于轻度污染状态。前期58.33%的站位处于轻度污染状态; 中期仅B4站位处于清洁状态; 后期海水环境有所好转, 50%的站位处于清洁或较清洁状态。监测期间各站位得分及评价状况见图4a。
通过Shannon-Weiner指数(H')对各监测站位进行生态质量评价, 前期监测站位H'的平均值为2.42, 最低值出现在B4为1.42, 91.67%的站位为中等, 生态质量总体表现为中等; 中期平均值为2.23, 其中B3、B4、C4、D2四个站位的H'值低于2.0, 生态质量评价为较差, 其他站位处于中等状态, 占总站位的66.67%; 后期平均值为2.53, 所有站位H'值均高于2.0, 生态质量评价为中等(图4b)。
前、中、后期的BOPA指数平均值分别为0.12、0.17和0.17, 监测海域生态质量3个时期总体评价为良、中等、中等。前期最低值出现在B3站位, 为0.21, 处于较差状态; 中期D2站位状态为差, B4和E2处于较差状态, 处于中等和良状态站位占比为41.67%、33.33%; 后期仅D3和E3两个站位状态为良, 36.36%和45.45%的站位处于中等和较差状态(图4c)。
3次监测的AMBI平均值分别为1.99、2.32、2.14。前期B4站位状态为优, 其他站位均为良; 中期B4和D2站位评价为中等, 其他站位均为良, 占比83.33%; 后期所有监测站位均处于良好状态(图4d)。监测期间M-AMBI平均值为0.80、0.74和0.78, 调水调沙期间各监测站位评价等级均为优或良。前期66.67%的站位评价为优, 33.33%为良; 中期仅D2站位处于较差状态, 评价为优、良站位分别占比为58.33%、33.33%; 后期各站位均评价为优(72.73%)或良(27.27%), 见图4e。
对4种评价指数通过熵权法建立综合评价指数(CBI), 前、中、后期的CBI平均得分为0.58、0.59和0.47, 总体评价等级均为中等。前期最低分出现在B3站位, 为0.08, 评价等级为差, B2和C2站位处于较差状态, C4处于中等状态, 优或良站位占比为66.67%; 中期D2站位评价为差, B4、E2处于较差状态, B3处于中等状态, 其他站位为优或良; 后期B4为差, 4个站位处于较差状态, 占比为36.36%, 中等状态站位2个, 占比为18.18%, 其他站位评价为良, 占比36.36% (图4f)。
CBI综合生物指数与水环境因子的Spearman相关性分析结果见表5, 中期CBI指数与重金属As、COD、DIP呈显著正相关关系; 后期CBI指数与pH具有显著正相关关系, 而与石油类呈显著负相关。CBI指数与内梅罗指数评价结果一致, 显示黄河口海域在调水调沙期间整体处于中等状态(表6), CBI指数与环境因子的相关性较高, 且与内梅罗指数对黄河口海域环境整体评价结果一致, 这在一定程度上能够验证本次通过熵权法构建黄河口海域环境生态质量评价综合生物指数的可行性。
黄河调水调沙工程开始后, 黄河入海水径流量和输沙量在短时间内会大量增加, 对黄河口海域的生态环境造成冲击(Kong et al, 2015), 海水环境和沉积物特性的改变会影响大型底栖动物群落结构(Yazdani Foshtomi et al, 2015)。本次调查中, 调水调沙前期与中期大型底栖生物的种群更替率为33.75%, 群落组成的平均相异性为72.27%, 中期与后期的种群更替率为37.35%, 群落组成平均相异性为78.72%, 表明调水调沙期间的大型底栖动物群落结构变化较大。通常, 调水调沙期间所带来的大量泥沙、悬浮物等会对黄河口海域的底质类型和粒径分布产生较大影响(Liu et al, 2012; 赵玉庭等, 2024), 但调水调沙对海底基质的改变作用尚未明确, 并且底栖动物群落结构的变化具有迟滞效应, 需要长期的监测以摸清群落变化对生态环境变化的响应规律。调水调沙对黄河口海域生态环境的改变会对大型底栖生物的生长、繁殖等活动造成影响, 尤其是生态环境变差时会促进多毛类等机会物种的增殖(Pearson et al, 1978)。本次调查黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落组成以多毛类(33%)、节肢动物(29%)和软体动物(31%)为主, 2008年和2009年黄河口海域的大型底栖动物中多毛类的占比仅为10.94% (王志忠等, 2014), 群落中多毛类物种的增加表明黄河口海域受干扰严重, 生态质量变差。调水调沙前、中、后期中寡节甘吻沙蚕均为优势物种, 而多毛类是环境污染和人为扰动后的先锋物种, 2013~2014年的调查(李少文等, 2015; 张嵩等, 2017)显示, 黄河口海域的优势物种主要是江户明樱蛤, 江户明樱蛤主要出现在清洁海域, 本次调查中多毛类物种在群落中的优势地位也从一定程度上表明近年来黄河口海域受到的污染较为严重。
调水调沙期间, 黄河径流的大量水沙输入为黄河口海域带来丰富的营养物质。然而, 过量营养输入会加剧黄河口海域富营养化状态(孙珊等, 2019; Wang et al, 2021)。内梅罗指数评价结果显示, 调水调沙前期处于清洁状态的站位占比为16.67%, 中期最低为8.33%, 后期最高为41.67%, 调水调沙开始后黄河口海域清洁站位数量下降, 于中期达到最低值, 这种变化趋势说明调水调沙带来的大量营养盐、重金属等物质严重干扰了该海域的生态环境, 加剧了海洋污染, 在中期达到峰值, 污染程度在调水调沙后期得到缓解。从空间上看, 将站位根据距离入海口远近分为近(B2、C2、D2、E2)、稍远(B3、C3、D3、E3)、远(B4、C4、D4、E4)三组, 其内梅罗指数分别为1.76±0.09、1.11±0.31、0.62±0.10, 调查区域站位受污染情况从入海口向海洋延伸出现递减的趋势, 这可能与沙质的快速沉降有关, 表明调水调沙对黄河口海域水体环境的影响范围有限。
生态质量评价的关键在于适合的评价方法, 许多研究者在黄河口海域环境生态质量评价方面做出尝试并取得了相应的成效, 如浮游植物生物完整性指数(牛明香等, 2025)、鱼类生物完整性指数(张芮等, 2017)、H'多样性指数(张嵩等, 2017)、水质评价指数(Wang et al, 2022)等。由于评价方法设计原理和评价标准的差异, 不同的评价方法可能会产生相异的评价结果(Luo et al, 2014)。本研究中, H'多样性指数与内梅罗指数的评价结果相同, 显示黄河口海域生态质量评价等级为中等, M-AMBI与AMBI指数评价结果分别为优和良, 各单一生物指数的评价结果差别较大, 这与吴海燕等(2018)的研究结果相似。生物指数主要依赖于底栖动物群落结构的变化来反映生态质量变化, 本次调查中, 调水调沙期间黄河口生态质量M-AMBI和AMBI指数评价等级为Ⅰ和Ⅱ, 而内梅罗指数评价等级为Ⅲ, 这种差异性可能与底栖生物群落对环境因子变化响应的迟滞效应有关(张敏等, 2015; Bae et al, 2018; Li et al, 2023), 因此单一的生物指数很难及时反映海域生态环境受扰动程度。利用熵权法构建CBI指数对调水调沙3个时期黄河口海域的生态质量进行评价, 结果显示, 3次调查中该海域的生态质量等级均为中等, 评价结果与内梅罗指数评价结果相契合, 并且CBI指数与As、COD、DIP等环境因子具有显著相关性(P<0.05), 这表明CBI指数适用于黄河口海域生态质量评价。底栖生物群落的变化受环境长期累积变化的影响(程曦等, 2009; 张心科等, 2025), 利用底栖动物生物指数对调水调沙期间黄河口海域生态质量进行评价需要长期的监测数据支撑。
(1) 2023年调水调沙期间黄河口海域大型底栖动物优势种更替不明显, 多为小型个体生物; 群落结构在调水调沙期间发生显著改变, 主要分歧种以多毛类和软体动物为主。
(2) 本次调查调水调沙期间黄河口海域生态质量总体处于“中等”或“轻度污染”状态; 生态质量评价等级呈现距离河口越远越好的趋势。
(3) 基于熵权法构建的综合生物指数评价黄河口海域生态质量状况为“中等”, CBI指数与底层水环境因子相关性较高, 评价结果总体上与水质综合评价指数结果较为一致, CBI生物指数在黄河口海域生态质量评价中相较于单一生物指数评价对环境扰动变化敏感, 对各监测站位生态质量等级区分更明显, 适用于黄海口海域生态质量评价。

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doi: 10.11693/hyhz20250300077
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-08-06
  • 出版时间:2026-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27
  • 修回日期:2025-07-11
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    1山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 山东烟台 264006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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