Article(id=1249065617832219115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, issueId=1249065613306569569, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750953600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1756742400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-02, onlineDate=1775730049808, onlineDateStr=2026-04-09, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775730049808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775730049808, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775730049808, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1249065613306569569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775730048728, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1775730148042, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1249066029947757306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, issueId=1249065613306569569, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1249066029951951611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, issueId=1249065613306569569, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=142, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1249065618050322936, articleId=1249065617832219115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, language=EN, title=Effects of P on microstructures and properties of directionally solidified superalloy DZ125, columnId=1249065616670396851, journalTitle=Journal of Aeronautical Materials, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The directionally solidified superalloy DZ125 is widely used as turbine blades in aero-engines. This work investigates the influence of phosphorus(P)on the microstructure, mechanical properties and crack susceptibility of DZ125 alloy. The results indicate that P primarily segregates at grain boundaries in DZ125 alloy and has little effect on γ′ phases, γ+γ′ eutectic and carbides in the alloy. When P content reaches 0.008% (mass fraction, the same below) P-rich phases form in the interdendritic regions during casting, which subsequently dissolve back into the matrix during heat treatment.When the P content is no more than 0.0039%, P shows no obvious effects on the room-temperature tensile properties or the stress rupture life at 980℃/235 MPa. However, it has a significant impact on the stress rupture life at 760℃/805 MPa: the alloy with 0.0039% P exhibits a 37% decrease in stress rupture life at 760℃/805 MPa compared to the alloy with 0.0013% P, due to the segregation of P at grain boundaries weakens the grain boundaries. When the P content reaches 0.011%, the intergranular cracks appear in the DZ125 alloy hollow turbine blades during directionally solidified process. The main reason for the increase of crack susceptibility is excessive enrichment of P at grain boundaries and precipitation of P-rich phases nearby grain boundaries, which leads to grain boundary weakening and crack initiation.

, correspAuthors=Chengbo XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Journal of Aeronautical Materials. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jinxia SONG, Chihang JIANG, Yongwang KANG, Chengbo XIAO, Liwu JIANG, Ming LI, Shenglong DAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1249065621791642258, articleId=1249065617832219115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, language=CN, title=P对定向凝固高温合金DZ125组织和性能的影响, columnId=1249065616850751931, journalTitle=航空材料学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

定向凝固高温合金DZ125在航空发动机上广泛用作涡轮叶片,本工作研究微量元素P对DZ125合金微观组织、力学性能和裂纹倾向性的影响。结果表明:P元素在DZ125合金中主要偏聚在晶界处,对合金中γ′、γ+γ′共晶、碳化物等影响很小。当P含量达到0.008%(质量分数,下同)时,铸态合金在枝晶间形成了富P相,热处理后富P相回溶消失;当P含量不超过0.0039%时,P对DZ125合金的室温拉伸性能及980 ℃/235MPa 持久寿命没有明显影响,但对760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命有明显影响,P含量为0.0039%的合金760 ℃/805MPa持久寿命相较于P含量为0.0013%的合金下降了37%,这是由于较高含量的P元素在晶界偏聚导致晶界弱化所致。当P含量达到0.011%时,DZ125合金空心涡轮叶片在定向凝固过程中出现了明显的沿晶裂纹。DZ125合金裂纹倾向性增加的主要原因是过量的P在晶界富集,并析出富P相,导致晶界弱化和裂纹萌生。

, correspAuthors=肖程波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
肖程波(1970—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为高温合金的成分设计与精密铸造工艺,联系地址:北京市81信箱发展计划部(100095),E-mail:
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result of P, figureFileSmall=jqnDN823TMn9dD97BYHl1g==, figureFileBig=g/RftEkY7eqATao1oZSeLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249065630104753076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, articleId=1249065617832219115, language=CN, label=图9, caption=110P合金涡轮叶片裂纹情况 (a)宏观形貌;(b)荧光检测结果;(c)裂纹附近的富P相及其P元素面分布图, figureFileSmall=jqnDN823TMn9dD97BYHl1g==, figureFileBig=g/RftEkY7eqATao1oZSeLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249065630197027767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, articleId=1249065617832219115, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Compositions of precipitated phases in as cast DZ125 alloy with various P contents(mass fraction/%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyPhaseCBPAlTiCrCoNiMoHfTaW
9PTaC7.238.451.091.15.12.6511.3255.597.47
9PHfC7.192.220.691.084.5955.3523.525.37
9PM3B28.180.4420.572.876.4525.832.1833.48
39PTaC7.248.151.321.125.532.9211.4153.598.71
39PHfC7.002.000.550.854.9652.6027.524.51
39PM3B28.020.4919.232.975.9522.272.8138.26
80PPhase rich in P3.007.250.120.641.636.4532.8545.341.641.08
2.988.940.181.101.778.0934.780.4538.322.400.7
), ArticleFig(id=1249065630276719549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, articleId=1249065617832219115, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同P含量铸态DZ125合金中析出相的成分(质量分数/%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyPhaseCBPAlTiCrCoNiMoHfTaW
9PTaC7.238.451.091.15.12.6511.3255.597.47
9PHfC7.192.220.691.084.5955.3523.525.37
9PM3B28.180.4420.572.876.4525.832.1833.48
39PTaC7.248.151.321.125.532.9211.4153.598.71
39PHfC7.002.000.550.854.9652.6027.524.51
39PM3B28.020.4919.232.975.9522.272.8138.26
80PPhase rich in P3.007.250.120.641.636.4532.8545.341.641.08
2.988.940.181.101.778.0934.780.4538.322.400.7
), ArticleFig(id=1249065630356411327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, articleId=1249065617832219115, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Average sizes of γ′ phases in dendrite region of heat treated DZ125 alloy with various contents of P

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyAverage size/nm
9P344.11±69.73
13P334.61±79.04
19P337.45±59.37
39P348.73±63.27
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不同P含量DZ125合金热处理态枝晶干区域γ′相的平均尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyAverage size/nm
9P344.11±69.73
13P334.61±79.04
19P337.45±59.37
39P348.73±63.27
), ArticleFig(id=1249065630591292359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024468962553931, articleId=1249065617832219115, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effect of P on the cracking tendency of DZ125 alloy hollow turbine blade

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyP/10−6Number of
blades casted
Number of blades
with cracks
Number of cracks
in each blade
Length of each
crack/mm
9P912000
80P8012000
110P1101242-33-6
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P元素对DZ125合金空心涡轮叶片裂纹倾向性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AlloyP/10−6Number of
blades casted
Number of blades
with cracks
Number of cracks
in each blade
Length of each
crack/mm
9P912000
80P8012000
110P1101242-33-6
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P对定向凝固高温合金DZ125组织和性能的影响
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宋尽霞 1 , 姜驰航 2 , 康永旺 1 , 肖程波 1, * , 蒋立武 2 , 李明 1 , 戴圣龙 1
航空材料学报 | 研究论文 2025,45(5): 142-149
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航空材料学报 | 研究论文 2025, 45(5): 142-149
P对定向凝固高温合金DZ125组织和性能的影响
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宋尽霞1, 姜驰航2, 康永旺1, 肖程波1, * , 蒋立武2, 李明1, 戴圣龙1
作者信息
  • 1中国航发北京航空材料研究院 先进高温结构材料重点实验室,北京 100095
  • 2北京科技大学 国家材料服役安全中心,北京 100083

通讯作者:

肖程波(1970—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为高温合金的成分设计与精密铸造工艺,联系地址:北京市81信箱发展计划部(100095),E-mail:
Effects of P on microstructures and properties of directionally solidified superalloy DZ125
Jinxia SONG1, Chihang JIANG2, Yongwang KANG1, Chengbo XIAO1, * , Liwu JIANG2, Ming LI1, Shenglong DAI1
Affiliations
  • 1Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory,AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China
  • 2National Center for Materials Service Safety,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000116
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定向凝固高温合金DZ125在航空发动机上广泛用作涡轮叶片,本工作研究微量元素P对DZ125合金微观组织、力学性能和裂纹倾向性的影响。结果表明:P元素在DZ125合金中主要偏聚在晶界处,对合金中γ′、γ+γ′共晶、碳化物等影响很小。当P含量达到0.008%(质量分数,下同)时,铸态合金在枝晶间形成了富P相,热处理后富P相回溶消失;当P含量不超过0.0039%时,P对DZ125合金的室温拉伸性能及980 ℃/235MPa 持久寿命没有明显影响,但对760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命有明显影响,P含量为0.0039%的合金760 ℃/805MPa持久寿命相较于P含量为0.0013%的合金下降了37%,这是由于较高含量的P元素在晶界偏聚导致晶界弱化所致。当P含量达到0.011%时,DZ125合金空心涡轮叶片在定向凝固过程中出现了明显的沿晶裂纹。DZ125合金裂纹倾向性增加的主要原因是过量的P在晶界富集,并析出富P相,导致晶界弱化和裂纹萌生。

P元素  /  DZ125合金  /  微观组织  /  力学性能  /  裂纹倾向性

The directionally solidified superalloy DZ125 is widely used as turbine blades in aero-engines. This work investigates the influence of phosphorus(P)on the microstructure, mechanical properties and crack susceptibility of DZ125 alloy. The results indicate that P primarily segregates at grain boundaries in DZ125 alloy and has little effect on γ′ phases, γ+γ′ eutectic and carbides in the alloy. When P content reaches 0.008% (mass fraction, the same below) P-rich phases form in the interdendritic regions during casting, which subsequently dissolve back into the matrix during heat treatment.When the P content is no more than 0.0039%, P shows no obvious effects on the room-temperature tensile properties or the stress rupture life at 980℃/235 MPa. However, it has a significant impact on the stress rupture life at 760℃/805 MPa: the alloy with 0.0039% P exhibits a 37% decrease in stress rupture life at 760℃/805 MPa compared to the alloy with 0.0013% P, due to the segregation of P at grain boundaries weakens the grain boundaries. When the P content reaches 0.011%, the intergranular cracks appear in the DZ125 alloy hollow turbine blades during directionally solidified process. The main reason for the increase of crack susceptibility is excessive enrichment of P at grain boundaries and precipitation of P-rich phases nearby grain boundaries, which leads to grain boundary weakening and crack initiation.

P element  /  DZ125 alloy  /  microstructure  /  mechanical property  /  crack susceptibility
宋尽霞, 姜驰航, 康永旺, 肖程波, 蒋立武, 李明, 戴圣龙. P对定向凝固高温合金DZ125组织和性能的影响. 航空材料学报, 2025 , 45 (5) : 142 -149 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000116
Jinxia SONG, Chihang JIANG, Yongwang KANG, Chengbo XIAO, Liwu JIANG, Ming LI, Shenglong DAI. Effects of P on microstructures and properties of directionally solidified superalloy DZ125[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2025 , 45 (5) : 142 -149 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000116
高温合金作为一种能够在高温及复杂应力环境下长期稳定工作的高性能材料,是制造航空发动机涡轮叶片等核心部件的关键材料,其性能直接影响发动机的效率和安全性。在高温合金生产过程中,由于原材料带入以及熔炼、铸造过程中的污染[1-2],合金中通常含有数十种微量元素,影响合金凝固、偏析行为及最终的组织性能,研究表明除Bi、Te、Se、Pb、Ag、Sn等痕量杂质元素显著降低高温合金性能外,O、N、S、Si、P等元素对合金性能也有明显影响[3-8],其中P元素在铸造高温合金中通常被认为是有害的杂质元素,而适量添加P元素对于很多变形高温合金是有益的。P元素在高温合金中具有双重作用,一方面,P 偏聚于晶界,可以增加晶界结合力,抑制晶界扩散,改变晶界析出相形貌,从而提高晶界强度、改善合金性能。如适量P在718合金和718Plus合金中在晶界偏析,抑制δ相的析出,从而显著改善合金持久性能[9-10];P在镍基铸造高温合金中偏聚到枝晶间和晶界,抑制高温下晶界的扩散,使合金950 ℃持久性能在P含量为0.017%(质量分数,下同)时达到峰值[11];P含量为0.013%的Ni-Fe基合金在晶界形成富Nb、P的析出相,抑制晶界变形,使700 ℃/333 MPa蠕变寿命相比于P含量为0.0008%的合金提高了30倍[12]。此外,P也可以偏聚于位错等晶内缺陷处,钉扎位错,起到一定的固溶强化作用,从而提高合金性能,但P含量过高将导致沿晶断裂[13-15]。另一方面,P 增加合金的凝固偏析,促进元素偏析和有害相析出[16-18],如P在铸造IN718合金中促进Laves相析出,使650 ℃/620 MPa持久性能随P含量增加而下降[16];对于高γ′相含量合金,P含量升高导致γ/γ′共晶含量增加,γ/γ′相界面强度下降,裂纹源增加,导致合金强度下降[17-18]
因此,P在高温合金中的作用十分复杂,与P的含量、合金体系、多元素交互作用密切相关。DZ125合金是北京航空材料研究院在20世纪90年代研制成功的第一代定向凝固高温合金,是我国同类合金中性能水平最高的合金之一,在先进涡扇、涡轴航空发动机上广泛用作涡轮叶片材料。按照HB 7762—2015的规定,DZ125合金中允许存在不超过0.01%的P,目前DZ125合金中的P含量通常不超过0.001%,但较高的P含量对 DZ125 合金的组织和性能影响并不清楚。本工作研究微量元素P对DZ125合金微观组织、力学性能和裂纹倾向性的影响,可为DZ125合金成分的进一步优化和性能提升提供理论依据,保障DZ125合金涡轮叶片服役的安全性、可靠性。
本工作所采用的定向凝固高温合金DZ125的名义成分为:0.1C、8.9Cr、10.0Co、7.0W、2.0Mo、5.2Al、3.8Ta、1.0Ti、1.5Hf、0.015B,其余为Ni(质量分数/%)。以2000 kg VIDP真空感应炉熔炼的合金锭为基础,在试棒定向凝固时分别加入不同含量的P-Fe,制备成尺寸为ϕ15 mm×170 mm的定向试棒,所采用的定向凝固工艺为浇注温度1510 ℃、壳型温度1510 ℃、抽拉速率7 mm/min。采用辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)检测试棒中的P含量,分别为0.0009%、0.0013%、0.0019%和0.0039%,分别标记为9P、13P、19P和39P合金。然后进行标准热处理,热处理制度为:1180 ℃/2 h+1230 ℃/3 h,空冷+1100 ℃/4 h,空冷+870 ℃/20 h,空冷。将热处理后的试棒分别加工成力学性能试样,测试其室温拉伸性能、760 ℃/805 MPa和980 ℃/235 MPa持久性能,研究P元素含量变化对DZ125合金力学性能的影响。此外,采用25 kg真空感应熔炼炉制备P含量分别为0.008%和0.011%的DZ125合金锭,分别标记为80P和110P合金,浇铸定向凝固空心涡轮叶片,采用荧光渗透检查叶片表面裂纹情况,并与9P合金浇铸的涡轮叶片进行对比,研究P对DZ125合金裂纹倾向性的影响。
将不同P含量的铸态和热处理态试棒进行线切割、研磨、抛光后制备成金相试块,并用体积比为33∶33∶33∶1的硝酸(HNO3)、冰醋酸(C2H4O2)、去离子水(H2O)和氢氟酸(HF)的混合液进行腐蚀,采用Zeiss光学显微镜(OM)、Zeiss Merlin Compact型场发射扫描电镜(SEM)进行显微组织分析,通过MIPAR软件定量分析合金中碳化物的面积分数和γ′相的平均尺寸;利用JXA-8530FPLUS型电子探针进行合金析出相的微区成分分析;利用Leap 5000 XR型三维原子探针(3D-APT)和FEI F200X型透射电镜及所带能谱对晶界处P元素的偏聚行为进行分析,研究P元素在DZ125合金中的存在形式。
图1是9P和39P合金的铸态组织,可见,两种P含量合金的铸态显微组织相似,均为典型的枝晶结构,主要由γ、γ′、γ+γ′共晶、碳化物组成,其中γ+γ′共晶组织呈花瓣状,分布在枝晶间;碳化物主要是TaC和HfC(表1),含量约1.2%,形态以块状为主,少量呈骨架状。此外,合金枝晶间区域存在少量的块状硼化物,主要分布在共晶周围,与MC碳化物共生,含有较高含量的W、Mo、Cr,但不含P(表1)。因此当P含量达到0.0039%,DZ125合金的铸态显微组织未出现明显的改变,也未形成富P相。但当P含量提高到0.008%时,DZ125合金在枝晶间出现了极少量富P相(图2),有两种形态:一种呈块状,和HfC共生,其P含量为7.25%,Hf含量为45.34%;另一种单独在共晶边缘析出,呈不规则形状,其P含量更高(8.94%),Hf含量则稍低(38.24%)。这两种富P相的结构有待进一步分析。
热处理之后不同P含量DZ125合金的微观组织相似,因此图3仅给出39P合金的热处理态显微组织。可见,与铸态合金相比,共晶显著回溶,碳化物均发生了退化,块状和条状碳化物边缘处开始溶解,体积变小,骨架状碳化物转变为颗粒状和块状,但其分布仍保持骨架状,并在晶界上析出了链状的碳化物,这种弥散的颗粒状碳化物可以钉扎晶界,阻碍位错的运动和晶界的滑动,改善合金的力学性能。热处理后不同P含量DZ125合金的γ′相尺寸(表2)、形态相似,其中枝晶干区域γ′相形状较规则,呈立方状均匀排列在γ基体中,平均尺寸约为0.34 μm。对于高P合金,其铸态组织中的富P相经过热处理后回溶消失,在热处理态80P和110P合金中均未发现富P相。
采用三维原子探针对39P合金的晶界成分进行表征,图4图5分别为39P合金晶界及其附近区域的3D-APT结构分布以及P元素的成分分布。结果表明,39P合金的晶界宽度约为20 nm,晶界一侧为γ′相,一侧为γ基体,Mo、B、C、P等元素均在晶界偏聚,晶界处的P含量明显高于γ′相,而γ基体中几乎不含P。高P的110P合金中P元素在晶界处偏聚得更加明显(图5)。
图6为不同P含量DZ125合金的室温拉伸性能和持久性能。可以看出,当P含量不超过0.0039%时,P元素对合金室温拉伸性能和980 ℃/235 MPa高温持久寿命的影响不明显,其室温抗拉强度和伸长率随着P含量的增加呈现一定的波动性。但P含量对合金760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命有明显影响:当P含量从0.0009%提高到0.0013%,合金的760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命从96 h提高到112 h;之后随P含量提高,持久寿命不断降低,当P含量达到0.0039%时,39P合金的760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命为59.78 h,与9P合金相比下降幅度为37.7%。
图7展示了9P、39P合金在760 ℃/805 MPa条件下的断口形貌,可见两种合金的宏观断口均无明显的颈缩现象,主要由裂纹萌生扩展区和剪切唇组成,其持久断裂方式为混合型断裂,裂纹萌生扩展区内可以观察到大量小的类解理面和韧窝,韧窝底部分布着碳化物颗粒,同时在39P合金的断口中部可见枝晶断裂形貌。对于9P和13P合金,二次裂纹主要在MC碳化物与基体的界面处产生(图8(a)、(b)),研究表明,在持久拉伸过程中,位错在MC碳化物与γ基体界面处发生塞积,且MC碳化物与γ基体之间的非共格晶面导致界面能显著升高,从而在应力作用下促进了MC碳化物与基体界面的剥离[19]。这种二次裂纹的萌生特征表明760 ℃时9P合金的晶界强度高于晶内强度。而39P合金中出现了较多与应力方向垂直的沿晶裂纹(图8(c)),表明其晶界强度低于晶内强度,此时晶界是影响合金断裂的主要原因,这与39P合金断口上出现枝晶断裂形貌是一致的,这说明与9P合金相比,39P合金的晶界强度降低。如前所述,DZ125合金中的P元素主要偏聚于晶界位置。Liu等[20]通过第一性原理计算发现,当P含量较低时,P原子与Ni原子之间形成强度较大共价键,增强晶界的结合力;当P含量较高时,由于P原子之间的相互作用,P在晶界的偏聚将会导致晶界脆化。因此,对于13P合金,少量P偏聚在晶界,可以起到一定的强化晶界作用;而对于39P合金,较高含量的P元素在晶界偏聚导致晶界弱化,是其760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命下降的主要原因。但是P元素在晶界偏聚并没有导致39P合金980 ℃/235 MPa高温持久性能的下降,这是由于P对持久性能的影响与P和氧的相互作用密切相关[10],P在晶界的偏聚会增强晶界抵抗氧入侵的能力,保护晶界不受氧原子和氧化物的侵蚀,从而提高持久寿命。DZ125合金在980 ℃时会发生明显氧化,而760 ℃时的氧化程度轻微。因此在980 ℃/235 MPa高温持久条件下,P元素在晶界偏聚导致晶界弱化,同时也增强晶界抵抗氧入侵的能力,在二者的共同作用下,P对DZ125合金的高温持久性能影响很小。
采用3种P含量的DZ125合金浇铸空心涡轮叶片,其表面裂纹情况如表3图9所示,可以看出不同P含量合金制备的叶片在裂纹形成方面呈现明显差异:采用9P和80P合金制备的叶片均未发现裂纹,而采用110P合金制备的12件叶片中,有4件(占比33%)叶片在叶盆面靠近叶尖处出现明显的纵向沿晶裂纹,裂纹长度约为3~6 mm。因此当DZ125合金中P元素含量达到0.011%时,DZ125合金空心涡轮叶片的裂纹倾向性显著增加。如图5所示,110P合金中P元素在晶界偏聚明显;同时从叶片沿晶裂纹附近取样进行透射电镜分析发现存在富P相(图9),其P含量达到5.35%。因此,过量的P在晶界偏聚,并析出富P相,二者共同作用导致晶界弱化和裂纹萌生,是110P合金涡轮叶片发生沿晶开裂的主要原因。
(1)P含量不超过0.0039%时铸态DZ125合金中未形成富P相,P元素主要偏聚在晶界。当P含量达到0.008%时,铸态合金在枝晶间形成了富P相,富P相在热处理后回溶消失。
(2)当P含量不超过0.0039%时,P对DZ125合金的室温拉伸性能及980 ℃/235 MPa持久寿命影响很小,但对合金760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命有明显影响,39P合金760 ℃/805 MPa持久寿命相较于9P合金下降了37.7%,其下降的主要原因是较高含量的P元素在晶界偏聚导致晶界弱化。
(3)当P含量达到0.011%时,过量的P在晶界偏聚,并析出富P相,使DZ125合金空心涡轮叶片的裂纹倾向性明显增加。
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2025.000116
  • 接收时间:2025-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-04-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27
  • 录用日期:2025-09-02
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    1中国航发北京航空材料研究院 先进高温结构材料重点实验室,北京 100095
    2北京科技大学 国家材料服役安全中心,北京 100083

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肖程波(1970—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为高温合金的成分设计与精密铸造工艺,联系地址:北京市81信箱发展计划部(100095),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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