Article(id=1276897075291886109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, issueId=1276896822652174534, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13205/j.hjgc.202603018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768406400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-15, revisedDate=1770566400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-09, acceptedDate=1771948800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-25, onlineDate=1782365586350, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1774108800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782365586350, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782365586350, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782365586350, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276896822652174534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='206', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774108800000', pubDateStr='2026-03-22', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782365526116, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782722557449, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1278394320713589676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, issueId=1276896822652174534, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1278394320713589677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, issueId=1276896822652174534, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=197, endPage=205, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276897075509989919, articleId=1276897075291886109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, language=EN, title=Response relationships between carbon and nitrogen characteristics of coastal wetlands and socioeconomic development: a case study of Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, China, columnId=null, journalTitle=Environmental Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Coastal wetland ecosystems are intrinsically linked to regional socioeconomic development. However, the internal response relationship between these two systems remains unclear. This study took Dongtai City as a study case and used systematic field sampling and multi-source data integration. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the coupled relationships among socioeconomic development, river surface water quality, and sediment carbon and nitrogen characteristics. The results indicated that over the past five years, both the socioeconomic level and urbanization rate of Dongtai City have increased steadily. Water quality exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations, while a marked declining trend in total nitrogen (TN) was observed. Meanwhile, total organic carbon (TOC) and TN contents in coastal wetland sediments showed minor fluctuations. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that socioeconomic development indirectly regulated TOC and TN contents in coastal wetlands (path coefficient = 0.1, P < 0.05) by influencing the surface water pollution load of rivers (path coefficient = -0.33, P < 0.001). This study elucidated the internal nexus between macro-socioeconomic drivers and micro-nutrient characteristics in coastal wetlands, providing a scientific foundation for the synergistic advancement of ecological conservation and the marine economy.

, authors=null, authorsList=Penghui LI, Dawei WANG, Na HUANG, Yilan JIANG, Yifei JIA, Shaowei YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276897079293252149, articleId=1276897075291886109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, language=CN, title=滨海湿地碳氮特征与社会经济发展的响应关系解析:以江苏省东台市为例, columnId=1276897041909420377, journalTitle=环境工程, columnName=碳中和技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

滨海湿地生态环境与区域社会经济发展密切关联,但二者间的内在响应关系尚未明确。以东台市为例,通过系统的野外采样与多源数据收集,结合偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM),解析社会经济发展、河流地表水水质及沉积物碳氮特征三者的耦合关系。结果表明:近5年东台市社会经济与城镇化率均稳步增加,地表水水质呈显著季节性波动特征,其中,TN表现出明显下降趋势。滨海湿地沉积物有机碳与TN含量呈小幅波动。PLS-SEM结果显示:社会经济的发展通过影响河流地表水污染负荷(路径系数=-0.33,P<0.001)间接调节滨海湿地的有机碳和TN含量(路径系数=0.1,P<0.05)。研究揭示了宏观社会经济发展与滨海湿地微观营养盐特征之间的内在关联,可为滨海湿地生态保护与海洋经济协同发展提供科学参考。

, authors=

李鹏辉(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水环境保护研究。

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王大伟(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为水污染控制、水资源开发及污染环境修复研究。
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李鹏辉(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水环境保护研究。

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李鹏辉(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水环境保护研究。

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total nitrogen contents in sediments and WQI, figureFileSmall=2FxgO7KaFpChzy+VD4mf2A==, figureFileBig=PkpxE+q2nzCSHPZgdNECWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277266651422786154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=CN, label=图8, caption=沉积物有机碳及全氮含量与WQI的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=2FxgO7KaFpChzy+VD4mf2A==, figureFileBig=PkpxE+q2nzCSHPZgdNECWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277266651481506411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=PLS-SEM model of socioeconomic impact pathways on surface water quality and sediment carbon and nitrogen (SRMR = 0.068 < 0.08), figureFileSmall=Rm/eGm5OcL3eee8mrhkfbw==, figureFileBig=kyVxoarrPMh2Nc/AxhYGOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277266651548615276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=CN, label=图9, caption=PLS-SEM模型:社会经济因素对地表水水质和沉积物碳氮的影响路径(SRMR=0.068 < 0.008)

注: 橙色和蓝色分别表示正向影响和负向影响;线条粗细程度代表路径系数值大小。

, figureFileSmall=Rm/eGm5OcL3eee8mrhkfbw==, figureFileBig=kyVxoarrPMh2Nc/AxhYGOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277266651603141229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Information on national monitoring sections of surface water in Dongtai City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面河流断面属性考核地方
草堰大桥通榆河国考东台市、大丰区
富民桥东台河国考、入海河流东台市
泰东大桥泰东河国考东台市
), ArticleFig(id=1277266651674444398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

东台市地表水国考断面信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面河流断面属性考核地方
草堰大桥通榆河国考东台市、大丰区
富民桥东台河国考、入海河流东台市
泰东大桥泰东河国考东台市
), ArticleFig(id=1277266651745747567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Weights and normalized values of water quality indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 ωi qi
100806040200
DO0.2>7.5>6>5>3≥2<2
CODMn0.2<2<4<6<10<15≥15
NH3-N0.2<0.15<0.5<1.0<1.5<2.0≥2.0
TN0.2<0.2<0.5<1.0<1.5<2.0≥2.0
TP0.2<0.02<0.1<0.2<0.3<0.4≥0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1277266651821245040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

水质指标的权重值ωi和归一化值qi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 ωi qi
100806040200
DO0.2>7.5>6>5>3≥2<2
CODMn0.2<2<4<6<10<15≥15
NH3-N0.2<0.15<0.5<1.0<1.5<2.0≥2.0
TN0.2<0.2<0.5<1.0<1.5<2.0≥2.0
TP0.2<0.02<0.1<0.2<0.3<0.4≥0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1277266651900936817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Proportions of surface water quality classes in Dongtai City during the monitoring period

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Ⅰ类Ⅱ类III类Ⅳ类Ⅴ类劣Ⅴ类

注:各项占比经四舍五入处理,合计略大于100%。

占比/%0.1723.4937.3425.727.435.86
), ArticleFig(id=1277266651980628594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

东台市监测期内地表水水质等级占比统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Ⅰ类Ⅱ类III类Ⅳ类Ⅴ类劣Ⅴ类

注:各项占比经四舍五入处理,合计略大于100%。

占比/%0.1723.4937.3425.727.435.86
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滨海湿地碳氮特征与社会经济发展的响应关系解析:以江苏省东台市为例
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李鹏辉 1, 2 , 王大伟 1, 2 , 黄娜 1, 2 , 蒋一兰 1, 2 , 贾亦飞 3 , 袁少伟 4, 5
环境工程 | 碳中和技术与工程 2026,44(3): 197-205
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环境工程 |碳中和技术与工程 2026 , 44 (3) : 197 -205
滨海湿地碳氮特征与社会经济发展的响应关系解析:以江苏省东台市为例
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[Author(id=1277266637380256303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lipenghui0203@hhu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277266637812269618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, authorId=1277266637380256303, language=EN, stringName=Penghui LI, firstName=Penghui, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China
2Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277266637917127219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1273696621738037261, articleId=1276897075291886109, authorId=1277266637380256303, language=CN, stringName=李鹏辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1河海大学 环境学院,南京 210098
2河海大学 浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京 210098, bio={"content":"

李鹏辉(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水环境保护研究。

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李鹏辉(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水环境保护研究。

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李鹏辉1, 2 , 王大伟1, 2 , 黄娜1, 2, 蒋一兰1, 2, 贾亦飞3, 袁少伟4, 5
作者信息
  • 1河海大学 环境学院,南京 210098
  • 2河海大学 浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京 210098
  • 3北京林业大学 生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083
  • 4安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,合肥 230088
  • 5安徽省水科学与智慧水利重点实验室,合肥 230088
通讯作者:
王大伟(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为水污染控制、水资源开发及污染环境修复研究。
Response relationships between carbon and nitrogen characteristics of coastal wetlands and socioeconomic development: a case study of Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, China
Penghui LI1, 2 , Dawei WANG1, 2 , Na HUANG1, 2, Yilan JIANG1, 2, Yifei JIA3, Shaowei YUAN4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China
  • 3School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
  • 4Anhui and Huaihe River Water Resource Research Institute,Hefei 230088,China
  • 5Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy,Hefei 230088,China
出版时间: 2026-03-22 doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603018
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滨海湿地生态环境与区域社会经济发展密切关联,但二者间的内在响应关系尚未明确。以东台市为例,通过系统的野外采样与多源数据收集,结合偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM),解析社会经济发展、河流地表水水质及沉积物碳氮特征三者的耦合关系。结果表明:近5年东台市社会经济与城镇化率均稳步增加,地表水水质呈显著季节性波动特征,其中,TN表现出明显下降趋势。滨海湿地沉积物有机碳与TN含量呈小幅波动。PLS-SEM结果显示:社会经济的发展通过影响河流地表水污染负荷(路径系数=-0.33,P<0.001)间接调节滨海湿地的有机碳和TN含量(路径系数=0.1,P<0.05)。研究揭示了宏观社会经济发展与滨海湿地微观营养盐特征之间的内在关联,可为滨海湿地生态保护与海洋经济协同发展提供科学参考。

社会经济  /  滨海湿地  /  有机碳  /  总氮  /  影响路径

Coastal wetland ecosystems are intrinsically linked to regional socioeconomic development. However, the internal response relationship between these two systems remains unclear. This study took Dongtai City as a study case and used systematic field sampling and multi-source data integration. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the coupled relationships among socioeconomic development, river surface water quality, and sediment carbon and nitrogen characteristics. The results indicated that over the past five years, both the socioeconomic level and urbanization rate of Dongtai City have increased steadily. Water quality exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations, while a marked declining trend in total nitrogen (TN) was observed. Meanwhile, total organic carbon (TOC) and TN contents in coastal wetland sediments showed minor fluctuations. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that socioeconomic development indirectly regulated TOC and TN contents in coastal wetlands (path coefficient = 0.1, P < 0.05) by influencing the surface water pollution load of rivers (path coefficient = -0.33, P < 0.001). This study elucidated the internal nexus between macro-socioeconomic drivers and micro-nutrient characteristics in coastal wetlands, providing a scientific foundation for the synergistic advancement of ecological conservation and the marine economy.

socioeconomic  /  coastal wetlands  /  organic carbon  /  total nitrogen  /  impact pathways
李鹏辉, 王大伟, 黄娜, 蒋一兰, 贾亦飞, 袁少伟. 滨海湿地碳氮特征与社会经济发展的响应关系解析:以江苏省东台市为例. 环境工程, 2026 , 44 (3) : 197 -205 . DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603018
Penghui LI, Dawei WANG, Na HUANG, Yilan JIANG, Yifei JIA, Shaowei YUAN. Response relationships between carbon and nitrogen characteristics of coastal wetlands and socioeconomic development: a case study of Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2026 , 44 (3) : 197 -205 . DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603018
滨海湿地作为海陆交互作用的过渡性生态系统,为人类提供了许多重要的生态系统服务12,其兼具净化水质、维护生物多样性等生态功能,同时承载着水产养殖、旅游开发等多元经济价值,是生态保护与经济发展的核心区域3。然而,过去社会经济快速发展期间,人类活动排放的氮磷污染物经河流输入,导致湿地水质恶化、沉积物理化性质改变、生态功能退化等系列环境问题2。这打破了生态环境与经济发展的平衡关系,制约滨海湿地区域经济价值的可持续性4。因此,解析社会经济发展与滨海湿地的内在联系,对持续维系其生态与经济价值至关重要。
滨海湿地作为人类改造最为密集的地区之一,正经历由人口增长、城市扩张和快速经济发展驱动的转变5。然而,受经济增长与滨海湿地保护矛盾的制约,现有研究多聚焦于社会经济发展与滨海湿地土地开发之间的关联,却忽视了宏观经济变化对滨海湿地沉积物微观环境因子的潜在影响。滨海湿地沉积物碳、氮含量是衡量湿地生态功能与营养循环的核心指标,不仅反映局地微生物代谢与沉积过程,也在一定程度上记录了流域尺度陆源输入的长期影响68。河流作为陆源物质输运的主要通道,携带大量溶解态与颗粒态碳、氮营养盐汇入湿地,调控碳、氮的埋藏与迁移转化过程910。同时,河流水质污染状况是区域社会经济发展的间接表征。宏观社会经济变化并非直接作用于沉积物碳氮,而是通过改变流域污染排放结构与河流水质状况等途径,间接影响陆源碳氮向湿地系统的输入与分配11。因此,系统厘清社会经济发展通过河流水质介导滨海湿地微观生态演变的响应关系,对保障滨海湿地生态与经济价值至关重要。然而,目前对于宏观社会经济变化与滨海湿地微观营养盐之间内在联系的理解仍然是有限的。
研究区域东台市是我国东部典型的河网平原型滨海城市之一,沿海经济是其特色产业之一。区域内条子泥湿地作为世界自然遗产地,具有显著的生态价值与研究意义。本研究系统收集了东台市近5年社会经济发展数据及地表水国控断面水质数据,结合滨海湿地沉积物的野外采样与实验室分析,整合水质综合评价方法,将沉积物碳氮视为社会-水环境耦合系统的“响应出口变量”,构建社会经济发展、地表水水质与滨海湿地生态系统三者间的影响路径模型,旨在揭示三者间的潜在响应关系,以期为我国沿海城市实现社会经济发展与滨海湿地环境保护的协同推进提供科学依据。
东台市位于江苏省中部沿海,盐城市最南端,地处长江三角洲北翼(32°33′N—32°57′N、120°07′E—120°53′E),产业结构以农业、海洋渔业、新能源与制造业为主。该区域属典型的滨海冲积平原,是“河网-滩涂-湿地-近海”复合过渡带。沉积物采样区位于东台市沿海的条子泥湿地(32°43′N—32°53′N、120°53′E—121°3′E),核心区面积约1.2万ha,是典型的淤泥质潮间带湿地,拥有全球面积最大的连续潮间带湿地景观,是东亚-澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的关键枢纽12。汇入湿地的主要河流为梁垛河、方塘河和东台河,污染来源以养殖尾水、农田退水及生活污水为主。在陆海连续体格局、活跃经济活动及较高政策干预强度的背景下,该区域为研究社会经济发展、河流外源输入与滨海湿地沉积物碳氮响应关系提供了具有代表性的案例场景。
东台市各项社会经济数据,包括地区生产总值、第一产业增加值、第二产业增加值、人均地区生产总值、年末总人口、城镇化率等,均收集自《东台统计年鉴(2020—2024年)》。
地表水水质数据来源为国家地表水水质自动监测实时数据发布系统(www.cnemc.cn),国考断面信息见表1。监测指标包括pH、溶解氧(DO,mg/L)、电导率(μS/cm)、浊度(NTU)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn,mg/L)、氨氮(NH3-N,mg/L)、总氮(TN,mg/L)、总磷(TP,mg/L),数据时间为2020年11月—2025年9月。
沉积物样品采集于江苏省东台市弶港镇沿海条子泥湿地(图1),各采样点以100 m间隔布设,分别于2021年(357份样品)、2023年(108份)及2024年(55份)的不同季节开展采样。采用PVC管采集表层沉积物(0~20 cm),样品经自然风干后研磨并过100目筛,TOC和TN指标用1 mol/L HCl预处理以完全去除碳酸盐,并在60 ℃下干燥。使用元素分析仪(Elementar Vario EL)测定沉积物TOC和TN含量。
采用水质综合指数法(water quality index,WQI)对东台市国控断面水质进行定量评价,具体计算方法见式(1)。
WQI=i=1nωiqii=1nωi
式中:ωi为第i个指标的权重;qi为第i个指标的归一化值。选取DO、CODMn、NH3-N、TN和TP作为评价指标,参照GB 3838—2022《地表水环境质量标准》为qi赋值(表2)。
构建偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)解析社会经济发展、地表水环境与沉积物碳氮特征之间的相互关系。使用SmartPLS 4软件(4.1.1.2)构建模型,对数据进行分析。模型设置社会经济因子、地表水理化条件、地表水污染负荷及沉积物碳氮含量等潜在变量。基于研究目标,提出以下主要路径假设:社会经济因子对地表水理化条件和地表水污染负荷产生直接影响;地表水污染负荷进一步影响沉积物碳氮含量;同时,引入离岸距离作为变量,探讨其对沉积物碳氮含量的直接作用,以表征河流的空间扩散效应。设定地区生产总值、第一产业增加值、第二产业增加值、人均地区生产总值、城镇化率为社会经济的观测变量,DO、电导率为地表水理化指标的观测变量,CODMn、NH3-N、TN、TP为地表水污染负荷的观测变量,TOC和TN为沉积物碳氮含量的观测变量。模型拟合优度采用标准化残差均方根(SRMR)进行评价,SRMR值越小,表示模型拟合效果越好。
2020—2024年间,东台市经济社会发展呈显著稳健增长态势。该市地区生产总值从约921.4亿元升至近1190.9亿元(图2),年均增长率达6.62%。第一、二产业增加值分别从142.5亿元、331.9亿元增长至183.4亿元、412.7亿元,产业规模持续扩张。值得注意的是,2020—2024年人口呈减少趋势,年末总人口从约108.9万人回落至约101.7万人。这导致人均地区生产总值显著增加,从10.36万元提升到13.46万元。同时,城镇化水平稳步提升,近5年东台市城镇化率从59.05%左右持续上升至62.22%。综合来看,东台市整体呈经济规模稳步增加、城镇化进程持续推进、人口总量小幅回落发展特点。
依托临海区位优势,滩涂经济已是东台市的支柱性特色产业。2023年,东台市海洋地区生产总值约266亿元,占东台市地区生产总值的23.8%,而且单位海洋地区生产总值用海面积下降16.61%,集约化利用水平显著提升。因此,强化河流水质管控与滨海湿地生态质量修复,不仅是维护生态平衡的必然要求,更是推动海洋经济高质量发展的核心路径。
对地表水的常规指标进行分析,结果如图3所示。可知:pH、DO和电导率呈显著季节性周期变化趋势。具体来说,8月至次年1月呈明显上升趋势,2月至次年7月逐渐下降。pH在7.2~8.2内波动,DO的变化幅度较大,在1.5~11 mg/L内波动。同样,电导率在300~1300 μS/cm内波动。浊度在2021年期间出现过多次极端高值(>150 NTU),但在2022年以后逐渐趋于平稳。
考虑到东台市水产养殖业较为普遍,重点分析了国控断面地表水水质中营养盐等相关的主要污染指标,如图4所示。可知:2020—2024年,CODMn整体水平较平稳,主要在2~4 mg/L波动(r=-0.07)。其中,2021年8月、2023年8月和2024年8月有明显的峰值。NH3-N浓度的波动与CODMn的变化有相同趋势,极端峰值的出现时间点基本吻合。尽管长期趋势线呈小幅增加趋势(r=0.09),但这一变化主要由少数极端峰值事件驱动(如2023年中期与2024年中期),在非峰值时段,该指标始终维持在相对较低水平。值得注意的是,TN虽然峰值浓度仍然较高,但整体呈明显下降趋势(r=-0.37)。NH3-N、TN和TP的峰值时间点具有高度的同步性,这主要是由于季节性的差异。夏季降雨充沛,地表径流冲刷农田、畜禽养殖区和城市地表,携带大量污染物进入地表水体1315。此外,夏季气温高,处于微生物最适生长区间,沉积物和水体中微生物(如藻类、细菌)对污染物的分解和代谢速率显著提升,加速营养物质的释放和循环1617
地表水水质是评判水环境质量的关键依据,其中河流作为连接陆地与滨海湿地的重要纽带,其水质优劣直接关乎滨海湿地生态系统的稳定18。东台市地表水国考断面监测数据(表3)显示:研究期间该区域水质总体以GB 3838—2022Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类为主,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质累计占比达61.0%,水环境质量总体良好。
本研究计算了地表水水质的WQI值,结果如图5所示。可知:WQI值多在60~80波动,表明水质整体处于“良好”等级。然而,WQI曲线在每年5—8月常出现剧烈的下行趋势,这与前述污染物浓度的峰值时间高度吻合,进一步证实了东台市地表水在夏季易发生水质恶化,这可能与夏季气温高导致生物活性增强,或雨季降雨径流将陆地污染物冲入水体有关。
基于条子泥滨海湿地2021年5月—2024年4月的长期采样监测结果(图6)可知:研究区域沉积物中TOC与TN含量呈时间波动性特征。TOC含量主要集中在0.3%~0.6%范围内,TN含量则主要在0.02%~0.04%内波动。从时间序列来看,2021年夏季(7月)有机碳与全氮含量均出现明显的峰值,随后呈波动态势。2023年,有机碳与全氮含量趋于平稳。TOC与TN含量在时间上的变化可能受季节性径流输入及微生物的分解强度等因素影响19
条子泥滨海湿地沉积物TOC与TN含量的中值及均值均随离岸距离的增加呈逐步下降趋势(图7),在空间分布上表现出显著的“近岸高、远岸低”的梯度特征。在近岸区域,沉积物受陆源输入影响较大,有机质堆积明显,含量维持在较高水平;在深水区域沉积物有机碳与全氮含量显著降低。这种空间分布格局表明,陆源输送可能是该区域沉积物碳、氮富集的主要贡献者。
将条子泥滨海湿地采样月份的沉积物碳、氮含量与同期陆域WQI指数进行了线性回归分析,结果见图8。可知:沉积物有机碳及全氮含量均与WQI指数呈负相关(TOC:r=-0.23;TN:r=-0.55),表明陆域地表水综合质量越好,沉积物中的碳氮含量相对越低,为条子泥滨海湿地沉积物的碳氮积累受陆源入海水质的驱动提供了进一步支撑。
东台市近5年的社会经济发展态势稳中向好,城镇化率逐步推进。然而经济的发展对水环境的影响是多重的,取决于经济发展的阶段。经典环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)揭示了经济增长与环境质量间的倒“U”形关系:在拐点前,环境压力随经济增长而上升;而跨越拐点后,环境压力将随产业结构转型、环境治理等缓解,经济与污染脱钩20。结合东台市近5年国控断面的水质数据发现,东台市地表水水质指标较为平稳,呈典型的季节周期性变化。从WQI指数分析结果看,地表水水质整体较好,水质低于Ⅳ类的点位占比较低。此外,TN的含量有逐渐下降趋势,这归因于东台农业和养殖产业废水排放的有效控制。东台市是全国畜牧大县,近年来不断提高畜禽粪污综合利用率,推动解决畜禽养殖面源污染等问题21。此外,东台生态环境局和农业农村局联合出台《东台市畜禽养殖污染防治规划》(2021—2025年)等相关政策,努力实现生态环保与畜牧产业双赢22。这些政策的实施不仅强化了农业和养殖业废水的达标排放,还降低了地表水中的氮、磷等污染负荷。研究显示,2010年后盐城市氮、磷排放与经济增长明显脱钩23。因此,推测东台市的社会经济发展可能已迈入EKC曲线的后半下降阶段,即在经济增长的同时,部分地表水环境污染呈下降趋势,表现出一定程度的“脱钩”特征。
东台市作为典型的滨海城市,陆地河流携带的污染物经水体扩散,直接改变了邻近滨海湿地沉积物的理化性质。而湿地沉积物的环境质量,又进一步调控着潮滩贝类、海螺类等底栖海产品的产量与品质。更为关键的是,条子泥湿地作为中国黄(渤)海候鸟栖息地的核心区域,于2019年被列入世界自然遗产名录。以此为契机,东台市依托观鸟等特色生态项目,大力发展旅游经济,推动滨海湿地的生态资源向经济价值的转化。同时,东台市于2022年启动“退渔还湿”生态保护政策,持续推进湿地生态修复。2022年,全市共有107.8 km2的养殖区域完成生态化转型,转变为湿地。截至2025年,该转化面积已增至151.7 km2。东台市出台的一系列举措有效改善了滨海湿地的生态环境,为候鸟等野生动物提供了优良的栖息繁衍生境2425
对东台的社会经济、河流的国控断面水质数据和沉积物的理化性质构建了PLS-SEM模型,结果如图9所示。可知:社会经济对地表水理化条件具有显著的正向影响(路径系数=0.32,P<0.001)。这表明随着东台市经济实力的增长,政府环境治理投入增加,从而改善了地表水的水质状况。此外,社会经济对地表水污染负荷呈显著负向影响(路径系数=-0.33,P<0.001)。这与前文分析一致,社会经济的发展带动了环境政策或措施的有效实施,实现了地表水污染负荷的削减26。在经济增长的同时,氮、磷等污染负荷反而下降,反映了典型的经济增长与污染排放的“脱钩”现象。
东台市河流直接汇入条子泥滨海湿地及附近区域,构成陆源物质输送的重要通道。PLS-SEM结果显示:地表水污染负荷对沉积物碳氮含量具有正向促进作用(路径系数=0.1,P<0.05),表明河流外源输入是影响湿地碳、氮富集的重要因素之一。同样,地表水理化条件对沉积物碳、氮含量的影响并不显著(路径系数=0.09,P>0.05)。上述结果表明,滨海湿地保留了河流入海养分元素的少部分,这部分保留对沉积物碳、氮含量的影响有限。并且,DO和电导率并不直接影响沉积物中碳氮的含量。考虑到外源输入对滨海湿地碳、氮含量的影响可能较大,在模型中引入了地理因子“离岸距离”,结果表明其对沉积物碳氮含量具有显著的负向影响(路径系数=-0.2,P<0.001),即距离海岸线越远(向近海方向),受陆源排污及人类活动影响越小,沉积物的养分富集程度也随之降低27
研究期内,条子泥湿地正处于持续生态修复阶段。“退渔还湿”工程重塑了湿地水文连通条件与沉积过程背景。已有研究表明,生态修复措施可能改变滨海湿地沉积物碳、氮的埋藏与再分配格局28。在此背景下,结合本研究结果可知,滨海湿地沉积物碳、氮特征的变化不仅受到湿地生态修复工程的调节,也显著受到河流外源输入的影响。尤其在区域经济发展与环境治理同步推进的阶段,陆域污染控制与滨海湿地修复等治理措施共同作用于物质输移与沉积过程,进而综合影响了滨海湿地沉积物碳、氮特征的变化。
本研究通过“社会经济-地表水水质-沉积物响应”的分析框架,分析了社会经济发展通过水环境过程影响滨海湿地生态特征的传导机制:
1)东台市近5年经济发展稳步前进,城镇化率逐渐提升,但人口数量有小幅下降。国控断面地表水质指标中,pH、DO和电导率呈季节性周期波动,氮污染负荷随着时间的增加有小幅下降。
2)解析了东台市社会经济发展、地表水水质与滨海湿地沉积物碳、氮含量的相互作用路径,证实地表水污染负荷是连接社会经济发展与滨海湿地沉积物碳氮特征的关键纽带,为滨海湿地保护与可持续发展提供了科学依据。

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doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603018
  • 接收时间:2026-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2026-03-22
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-15
  • 修回日期:2026-02-09
  • 录用日期:2026-02-25
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    1河海大学 环境学院,南京 210098
    2河海大学 浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京 210098
    3北京林业大学 生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083
    4安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,合肥 230088
    5安徽省水科学与智慧水利重点实验室,合肥 230088

通讯作者:

王大伟(1989—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为水污染控制、水资源开发及污染环境修复研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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