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Article(id=1193534735432516291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, articleNumber=1672-0636（2025）01-0146-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733673600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-09, revisedDate=1735401600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762490455729, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762490455729, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762490455729, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762490455729, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193513023760466128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='217', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762485279264, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762498836216, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193569885797184010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193569885797184011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=146, endPage=154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193534735675785926, articleId=1193534735432516291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, language=EN, title=Investigation and study on environmental radon concentration around the Beishan URL, columnId=1190343834849607834, journalTitle=World Nuclear Geoscience, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A year-long investigation of air radon concentration at Beishan URL site and its surrounding areas was carried out using solid-state nuclear track detectors at 24 points，with quarterly sampling and measurements conducted. The results indicated that the annual radon concentration in the region ranged from 10 to 64 Bq·m-3，with a geometric mean (GM) of 27 Bq·m-3. The overall radon levels exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with the highest concentrations occurring from April to June and the lowest from January to March. The differences in radon concentrations between different areas were small and remained relatively stable. Construction disturbances in the active construction zones had a localized impact on radon concentrations，but due to favorable air diffusion conditions，this effect did not result in a widespread increase in radon levels. This suggests that the direct impact of human activities on regional radon concentrations is limited. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis，a significant positive correlation was observed between temperature and radon concentrations，with radon levels increasing as temperatures rose at most measurement points. In contrast，the influence of wind speed on radon concentrations was more complex，with considerable variability in correlation across different points，likely influenced by other factors，warranting further investigation. This study provides data support and practical insights for long-term radon monitoring and health risk assessment at the Beishan URL.

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XIA Zitong，male，born in 1984，senior engineer，focusing on environmental impact assessment and radiation environmental monitoring. E-mail：

, authorsList=XIA Zitong, LING Hui, FAN Wenzhe, XIAO Sanjun), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193535053272678609, articleId=1193534735432516291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, language=CN, title=北山地下实验室场区及周边环境空气氡浓度水平调查研究, columnId=1190343834992214173, journalTitle=世界核地质科学, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=采用径迹法对北山地下实验室场区和周边区域的空气氡浓度进行为期一年的调查，查明区域的氡浓度本底水平，分析人为活动和气象因素对氡浓度的影响。结果表明，区域空气氡浓度范围介于10~64 Bq·m-³之间，平均值为27 Bq·m-³，场区外、科研管理区和运行维护区的氡浓度水平差异较小，人为活动对区域氡浓度的影响较为有限；根据皮尔逊相关系数分析结果，氡浓度与温度呈正相关，不同季节的氡浓度差异与温度相关性分析结果一致；风速对氡浓度的影响较为复杂，两者没有表现出明显的相关性。本研究为北山地下实验室的氡气长期监测及健康风险评估提供数据支撑和经验反馈。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dUO4oz3b17gj84lztKaLYg==, magXml=fByXT7bqJtLyYRi+yscsyQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zrOn4shcLp5bGs8SY1VI7g==, pdfFileSize=3158242, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+Tdyci+C4prLBoKEbH6e2g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KYqj9giKqjxuRtxu7BuZcA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

夏子通，男，1984年生，高级工程师，主要从事环境影响评价和辐射环境监测。E-mail：

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夏子通，男，1984年生，高级工程师，主要从事环境影响评价和辐射环境监测。E-mail：

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夏子通，男，1984年生，高级工程师，主要从事环境影响评价和辐射环境监测。E-mail：

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authorNames=王驹, 苏锐, 陈亮, journalName=世界核地质科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王驹, 苏锐, 陈亮, 等. 中国高放废物地质处置地下实验室场址筛选[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2022, 39(1):1-13., articleTitle=中国高放废物地质处置地下实验室场址筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193535058150654225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Ju, SU Rui, CHEN Liang, journalName=World Nuclear Geoscience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Ju, SU Rui, CHEN Liang, et al. 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Building and Environment, 2018, 144(10):66-71., articleTitle=Simultaneous determination of the radon diffusion coefficient and the free radon production rate from compact porous emanation media, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1193535057873830158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, awardId=科工二司[2020]194号资助, language=EN, fundingSource=China Atomic Energy Authority(科工二司[2020]194号资助), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1193535057936744719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, awardId=科工二司[2020]194号资助, language=CN, fundingSource=中国国家原子能机构核设施退役与放射性废物治理专项(科工二司[2020]194号资助), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193535053465616595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053474005204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053465616595, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology，Beijing 100029，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053478199509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053465616595, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193535053545308374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053553696983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053545308374, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste，Beijing 100029，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053562085592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053545308374, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193535053616611545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053625000154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053616611545, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 University of South China，Hengyang 421001，China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193535053629194460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, companyId=1193535053616611545, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 南华大学，湖南 衡阳 421001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1193535055474688252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The schematic diagram of the radon detector, figureFileSmall=htr+SXQGCZiUgVgWENjlXg==, figureFileBig=+Tdyci+C4prLBoKEbH6e2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535055529214205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=图1, caption=氡探测器示意图, figureFileSmall=htr+SXQGCZiUgVgWENjlXg==, figureFileBig=+Tdyci+C4prLBoKEbH6e2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535055663431934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Radon detector sampling points diagram

Radon detector sampling points

, figureFileSmall=sIxQTrsq9rgKp+2tRFzJ0A==, figureFileBig=1fA7HYZMo0OAffUhXk14Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535055751512319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氡探测器布点示意图

氡探测器布放点位

, figureFileSmall=sIxQTrsq9rgKp+2tRFzJ0A==, figureFileBig=1fA7HYZMo0OAffUhXk14Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535055814426880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of radon concentration results across four quarters in different areas

a-Period 1(January to March)；b-Period 2(April to June)；c-Period 3(July to September)；d-Period 4(October to December).

, figureFileSmall=+FDj9v3rAo/HFSamlwQPqQ==, figureFileBig=mESD10yAQ5fzX0zP3WlGrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535055919284481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同场区各期次累积氡浓度测量对比

a—第1期（1—3月）；b—第2期（4—6月）；c—第3期（7—9月）；d—第4期（10—12月）。

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BSD-Radon sampling points

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BSD-氡气采样点位

, figureFileSmall=iqjfhvi9WbZDNbr2enzm1Q==, figureFileBig=6J/MTABc7SIXMnwzZnfTkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193535057399873800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relative deviation statistics of parallel samples for radon concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 测量位置 测量值/（Bq·m-3） 相对偏差/%
第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
1 BSD-01 19 48 16 19 19.05 8.00 27.03 11.11
BSD-01① 23 52 21 17
2 BSD-02 20 — 31 28 10.53 — 6.67 16.39
BSD-02① 18 — 29 33
3 BSD-03 13 — 19 22 16.67 — 5.13 14.63
BSD-03① 11 — 20 19
4 BSD-04 18 41 27 30 15.38 5.00 0.00 6.90
BSD-04① 21 39 27 28
5 BSD-05 25 28 38 35 7.69 16.39 0.00 10.81
BSD-05① 27 33 38 39
6 BSD-11 19 36 18 16 30.00 2.82 18.18 11.76
BSD-11① 14 35 15 18
7 BSD-12 11 18 18 19 24.00 15.38 0.00 11.11
BSD-12① 14 21 18 17
8 BSD-15 32 32 — 49 13.33 14.49 — 13.04
BSD-15① 28 37 — 43
9 BSD-16 27 — 30 34 5.41 — 6.45 9.23
BSD-16① 29 — 32 31
), ArticleFig(id=1193535057483759881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氡浓度平行样相对偏差统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 测量位置 测量值/（Bq·m-3） 相对偏差/%
第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
1 BSD-01 19 48 16 19 19.05 8.00 27.03 11.11
BSD-01① 23 52 21 17
2 BSD-02 20 — 31 28 10.53 — 6.67 16.39
BSD-02① 18 — 29 33
3 BSD-03 13 — 19 22 16.67 — 5.13 14.63
BSD-03① 11 — 20 19
4 BSD-04 18 41 27 30 15.38 5.00 0.00 6.90
BSD-04① 21 39 27 28
5 BSD-05 25 28 38 35 7.69 16.39 0.00 10.81
BSD-05① 27 33 38 39
6 BSD-11 19 36 18 16 30.00 2.82 18.18 11.76
BSD-11① 14 35 15 18
7 BSD-12 11 18 18 19 24.00 15.38 0.00 11.11
BSD-12① 14 21 18 17
8 BSD-15 32 32 — 49 13.33 14.49 — 13.04
BSD-15① 28 37 — 43
9 BSD-16 27 — 30 34 5.41 — 6.45 9.23
BSD-16① 29 — 32 31
), ArticleFig(id=1193535057546674442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Radon concentration measurement results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 布点数量 编号 1~3月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 4~6月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 7~9月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 10~12月测值/
（Bq·m-3）
范围值 均值 范围值 均值 范围值 均值 范围值 均值
场区外 17 BSD-01~BSD-17 11~32 18.4 18~54 32.5 16~64 28.6 16~54 29.3
科研管理区 3 BSD-18~BSD-20 11~21 14.7 22~46 30.7 17~24 19.7 16~26 20
运行维护区 4 BSD-21~BSD-24 10~31 17.3 22~54 36.3 17~43 26 19~41 25
), ArticleFig(id=1193535057613783307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

氡浓度测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 布点数量 编号 1~3月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 4~6月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 7~9月测值/
（Bq·m-3）		 10~12月测值/
（Bq·m-3）
范围值 均值 范围值 均值 范围值 均值 范围值 均值
场区外 17 BSD-01~BSD-17 11~32 18.4 18~54 32.5 16~64 28.6 16~54 29.3
科研管理区 3 BSD-18~BSD-20 11~21 14.7 22~46 30.7 17~24 19.7 16~26 20
运行维护区 4 BSD-21~BSD-24 10~31 17.3 22~54 36.3 17~43 26 19~41 25
), ArticleFig(id=1193535057689280780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

ANOVA results of radon concentration in different areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场区 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性
场区外 科研管理区 3.69 0.35 1.04 0.87 10.92 0.19 10.59 0.13
运行维护区 1.10 0.75 -5.04 0.37 4.59 0.52 4.84 0.43
科研
管理区		 场区外 -3.69 0.35 -1.04 0.87 -10.92 0.19 -10.59 0.13
运行维护区 -2.58 0.59 -6.08 0.43 -6.33 0.52 -5.75 0.49
运行
维护区		 场区外 -1.10 0.75 5.04 0.37 -4.59 0.52 -4.84 0.43
科研管理区 2.58 0.59 6.08 0.43 6.33 0.52 5.75 0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1193535057764778253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534735432516291, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各区域空气氡浓度单因素方差分析（ANOVA）结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场区 第1期 第2期 第3期 第4期
平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性 平均值差值 显著性
场区外 科研管理区 3.69 0.35 1.04 0.87 10.92 0.19 10.59 0.13
运行维护区 1.10 0.75 -5.04 0.37 4.59 0.52 4.84 0.43
科研
管理区		 场区外 -3.69 0.35 -1.04 0.87 -10.92 0.19 -10.59 0.13
运行维护区 -2.58 0.59 -6.08 0.43 -6.33 0.52 -5.75 0.49
运行
维护区		 场区外 -1.10 0.75 5.04 0.37 -4.59 0.52 -4.84 0.43
科研管理区 2.58 0.59 6.08 0.43 6.33 0.52 5.75 0.49
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北山地下实验室场区及周边环境空气氡浓度水平调查研究
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夏子通 1 , 凌辉 1, 2 , 范文哲 1 , 贺三军 3
世界核地质科学 | 研究论文 2025,42(1): 146-154
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世界核地质科学 | 研究论文 2025, 42(1): 146-154
北山地下实验室场区及周边环境空气氡浓度水平调查研究
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夏子通1 , 凌辉1, 2, 范文哲1, 贺三军3
作者信息
  • 1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029
  • 2 中国国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029
  • 3 南华大学，湖南 衡阳 421001

    • 夏子通，男，1984年生，高级工程师，主要从事环境影响评价和辐射环境监测。E-mail：

Investigation and study on environmental radon concentration around the Beishan URL
XIA Zitong1 , LING Hui1, 2, FAN Wenzhe1, XIAO Sanjun3
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology，Beijing 100029，China
  • 2 CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste，Beijing 100029，China
  • 3 University of South China，Hengyang 421001，China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012
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摘要
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采用径迹法对北山地下实验室场区和周边区域的空气氡浓度进行为期一年的调查，查明区域的氡浓度本底水平，分析人为活动和气象因素对氡浓度的影响。结果表明，区域空气氡浓度范围介于10~64 Bq·m-³之间，平均值为27 Bq·m-³，场区外、科研管理区和运行维护区的氡浓度水平差异较小，人为活动对区域氡浓度的影响较为有限；根据皮尔逊相关系数分析结果，氡浓度与温度呈正相关，不同季节的氡浓度差异与温度相关性分析结果一致；风速对氡浓度的影响较为复杂，两者没有表现出明显的相关性。本研究为北山地下实验室的氡气长期监测及健康风险评估提供数据支撑和经验反馈。
氡  /  北山地下实验室  /  皮尔逊相关系数  /  花岗岩  /  固体径迹法

A year-long investigation of air radon concentration at Beishan URL site and its surrounding areas was carried out using solid-state nuclear track detectors at 24 points，with quarterly sampling and measurements conducted. The results indicated that the annual radon concentration in the region ranged from 10 to 64 Bq·m-3，with a geometric mean (GM) of 27 Bq·m-3. The overall radon levels exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with the highest concentrations occurring from April to June and the lowest from January to March. The differences in radon concentrations between different areas were small and remained relatively stable. Construction disturbances in the active construction zones had a localized impact on radon concentrations，but due to favorable air diffusion conditions，this effect did not result in a widespread increase in radon levels. This suggests that the direct impact of human activities on regional radon concentrations is limited. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis，a significant positive correlation was observed between temperature and radon concentrations，with radon levels increasing as temperatures rose at most measurement points. In contrast，the influence of wind speed on radon concentrations was more complex，with considerable variability in correlation across different points，likely influenced by other factors，warranting further investigation. This study provides data support and practical insights for long-term radon monitoring and health risk assessment at the Beishan URL.

radon  /  Beishan URL  /  Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient  /  granite  /  solid state nuclear track detector
夏子通, 凌辉, 范文哲, 贺三军. 北山地下实验室场区及周边环境空气氡浓度水平调查研究. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42 (1) : 146 -154 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012
XIA Zitong, LING Hui, FAN Wenzhe, XIAO Sanjun. Investigation and study on environmental radon concentration around the Beishan URL[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42 (1) : 146 -154 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012
正文
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北山地下实验室位于中国甘肃省西北部的戈壁荒漠区，是中国首个用于高水平放射性废物处置研发的地下实验室，对我国核工业的可持续发展具有重要意义[1-3]。北山地下实验室所在区域的主要岩性为花岗岩，其中富含铀、镭等的天然核素在衰变过程中会释放出氡气，为保障施工和科研人员的安全健康，地下主体工程的施工过程中，排风系统会将氡气排放至地表环境，以降低地下施工区的氡浓度水平[4]。
氡是天然辐射剂量的主要来源之一，特别是在花岗岩地区或者在花岗岩体中开展大型工程施工活动会增加氡气的释放量，导致周边环境氡浓度升高。秦春艳等人[5]通过对北京和广东地区的氡浓度及地质背景的研究发现，氡浓度与地表岩性之间具有一定关联性，花岗岩出露区域的室内氡浓度显著高于其他岩性地区；甘光元、熊川宝和连相宇[6-8]等对花岗岩隧道施工过程中的氡浓度水平进行监测，认为隧道内的氡浓度显著高于区域本底水平，尤其在通风条件不畅的情况下，氡气浓度会明显升高。北山地下实验室作为典型的花岗岩体地下工程，地表爆破和地下开挖等人为活动会破坏局部环境氡浓度平衡，这种干扰是否会对区域环境氡浓度本底水平产生影响应该予以关注[9]，同时，作为高放废物处置研究的重要实验室，在运营前开展区域氡浓度本底调查，对于准确评估公众剂量至关重要。本研究针对地下实验室场区及其周边区域开展地表环境氡浓度的系统测量，旨在厘清区域氡浓度的本底水平，探讨不同场区之间的浓度差异及其成因，分析人为活动对氡浓度的影响，并结合当地气象因素进行相关性研究，研究结果可为北山地下实验室未来运营后氡气的长期监测与辐射剂量评估提供科学依据和经验参考。
1 概况
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北山地下实验室场址所在区域总体属低山丘陵地形，北部为较连续的山地，区域无常年性河流，只有季节洪水形成的沟系，降水量小，蒸发量大，干燥多风，植被稀少，冬冷夏热，属典型的大陆性气候。区域土层较薄，基岩裸露，土地以风沙土为主，没有可供耕作的土地，土地类型为低产草地，地下实验室半径15 km范围内地表自然环境及人居环境条件较为简单。
地下实验室的主要建设内容包括地下工程及辅助系统、地下现场实验研究平台设施、场区地表实验设施及配套设施和场外辅助工程等，地表工程分为科研管理区和运行维护区两个场区，两个场区直线距离约1 km。地下工程位于运行维护区，采用“螺旋斜坡道+三竖井+两层平巷”结构形式，深度560 m，设置-560 m和-280 m 两个实验水平及相关实验硐室，在本次调查周期内，科研管理区工程设施已经全部建成，运行维护区地表工程和地下工程同步施工。
2 方法与材料
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2.1 测量方法
氡浓度的测量方法包括瞬时测量法、累积测量法、连续测量法等[10]，α径迹法作为累积测量方法，由于经济可靠性而被广泛应用于户外空气中的长期氡浓度调查研究，该方法可以减少外部因素带来的影响，使所测结果能较真实地代表所测点测量期间氡浓度平均水平[11-16]。
本次调查采用的测量设备是南华大学自行研制的氡被动式累积剂量计，内置CR-39固体核径迹片（10 mm×10 mm），将其放在密封的累积测量盒里面（直径60 mm，高30 mm），探测器布设时间为90 d左右，布设高度约1.5 m。回收的径迹片拿到实验室进行蚀刻，采用的蚀刻温度条件为70 ℃，蚀刻液为6.5 mol·L-1的KOH溶液，蚀刻时间为10 h。
2.2 点位布设
调查范围设定为场址中心5 km内，按场区内、外分别进行布点，场区内包括运行维护区和科研管理区，共布设7个点位，场区外共布设17个点位，点位按4个方位并兼顾主导风向进行布设（图2）。为确保测量数据的准确性和稳定性，随机选取9个点位进行平行点位采集和测量，平行样设置数量大于总样品数量的30 %，满足质保要求。
3 结果与讨论
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3.1 空间一致性分析
本次调查历时一年，按季度分4期进行采样与测量，根据平行样测量结果，各期平行样测量的相对偏差均不高于30 %（表1），测量结果具有良好的稳定性和可靠性，满足研究需求。根据测量结果（表2），区域氡浓度范围介于10~64 Bq·m-3之间，平均值为27 Bq·m-3；场区外的氡浓度范围介于11~ 64 Bq·m-3之间，平均值为28 Bq·m-3，科研管理区的氡浓度范围介于11~46 Bq·m-3之间，平均值为21 Bq·m-3，运行维护区的氡浓度范围介于10~54 Bq·m-3之间，平均值为26 Bq·m-3，不同场区的氡浓度平均水平相差不大。
根据各期次累积氡浓度测量对比（图2），各场区的氡浓度在空间上的波动较为一致，整体处于相对稳定状态，且均在第2期（4—6月）达到峰值。运行维护区在第2期的平均浓度最高，场区外次之，科研管理区最低，但整体差距不大。场区外的氡浓度范围变化最大，全年平均值也较高，科研管理区的氡浓度全年相对稳定且较低，运行维护区的氡浓度在第2期显著升高，随后在第3和第4期有所下降但仍然比科研管理区高，不排除与施工活动有关。
3.2 人为活动影响分析
人为活动对环境氡浓度的影响主要体现在施工过程中的岩石开挖和井下通风，尤其在螺旋斜坡道施工过程中，隧道内的氡气会经通风系统排放到地表环境中，从而扰动区域空气氡浓度平衡。为评估井下通风排氡过程对地面环境氡浓度的潜在影响，需要对隧道内的空气氡浓度进行监测，本文通过瞬时法伴随斜坡道施工同步进行氡气测量，从坡道出口起，按照每100 m设置一个监测点，共采集30组数据，测量期间隧道内通风系统工作正常。
根据螺旋斜坡道空气氡浓度测量结果（图4），隧道内空气氡浓度随坡道里程的变化呈现动态波动，测量值范围为11.4~160.0 Bq·m⁻³。在通风系统正常工作的情况下，隧道内空气氡浓度均值显著高于地面环境氡浓度水平，氡气在隧道开挖过程中大量积聚，并通过排风系统输送至地表环境。为进一步验证井下排氡对地表区域氡浓度水平的影响，需结合正在施工的运行维护区场区、已经施工完毕的科研管理区及场区外环境进行不同期次的氡浓度差异显著性分析，进而明确施工活动对环境氡浓度平衡的干扰程度。
基于单因素方差分析（ANOVA）,对场区外、科研管理区和运行维护区在各期次空气氡浓度的差异性进行检验（表3），各期次调查结果的p值均大于0.05，各区域在不同季度的氡浓度差异均未达到统计显著性，但是局部范围内的人为活动对氡浓度的影响依然可以通过趋势变化得以体现。
运行维护区作为施工活动相对频繁的场区，其氡浓度在第2期显著升高，平均值达到36.3 Bq·m⁻³，较科研管理区和场区外偏高，这种变化不排除与施工过程中地表扰动、地下挖掘及通风排氡措施的实施有关。然而，由于区域空气扩散和大气混合条件较好，这种施工活动导致的局部氡浓度升高未能在大范围内显现，反映出自然扩散在均衡区域氡浓度方面的重要作用。科研管理区氡浓度全年较低且波动幅度小，由于该场区施工活动已经全部结束，地表扰动减少，对局部氡气释放的影响作用很小。通过两个场区的氡浓度对比，人为活动对区域整体氡浓度的影响较为有限，主要体现在局部范围内的短期波动影响。
3.3 季节性变化的影响分析
从各期次的氡浓度统计情况来看（图5），氡浓度的区域平均水平呈现明显的季节性变化趋势。其中，4至6月氡浓度最高，其次为7月至12月，最低水平出现在1月至3月，这种季节性变化可能与气温和大气扩散条件的动态变化密切相关。冬季和早春（1月至3月）气温较低，逆温现象阻碍地面大气中的氡向高空迁移和扩散，使得氡气主要在近地表积聚，夏、秋季（4月至12月），随着气温升高，氡气释放速率加快，同时良好的大气扩散条件促进氡气的迁移，特别是第3和第4期氡浓度的显著升高，可能与气温波动、季节性气候变化和空气扩散条件等因素共同作用有关。
3.4 相关性分析
皮尔逊相关系数（Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient）是用于度量两组数据的变量之间的线性相关程度的典型方法，在环境科学领域主要应用于分析气象因素与污染物浓度、气候变化影响等之间的关系，通过皮尔逊相关系数研究氡浓度与当地温度和风速之间的相关性，气象数据来源于北山地下实验室自建气象站。
根据氡浓度-温度-风速相关性矩阵关系（图6），场区外、科研管理区和运行维护区的测点内部呈现较强的正相关性，表明这些点位受相似的外部因素影响在同一区域呈现出较为一致的变化趋势。场区外的点位与科研管理区和运行维护区的点位之间总体表现为负相关，科研管理区和运行维护区的点位之间表现出中等至强的正相关性，表明科研管理区和运行维护区的氡浓度可能受到人为或施工活动的影响。
在所有24个监测点位中，有22个点位的温度与氡浓度的相关性在统计上显著（p<0.05），这表明温度是影响氡浓度的重要因素。温度的平均相关系数（r值）为0.362，标准差为0.192，显示出温度与氡浓度间存在中等程度的正相关关系。这意味着随着温度的升高，氡浓度呈上升趋势，可能是由于高温促进氡的释放。有13个监测点位的风速与氡浓度的相关性在统计上显著（p<0.05），显示风速的影响在不同点位之间存在较大的差异性。风速的平均相关系数（r值）为0.123，标准差为0.182，表明风速对氡浓度的整体影响较弱，且在部分点位呈现负相关关系，反映出风速对测值的影响较为复杂，且可能与其他因素共同作用，需进一步研究。
4 结论
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1）采用径迹法对北山地下实验室场区及周边开展了为期一年的空气氡浓度调查，结果显示：区域氡浓度范围介于10~64 Bq·m-³之间，平均值为27 Bq·m-³，整体氡浓度水平呈现出明显的季节性变化，4月至6月期间浓度最高，而1月至3月最低。
2）不同场区之间的氡浓度差异较小且保持相对稳定，场区外，科研管理区和运行维护区的氡浓度在不同季节和工程活动背景下的整体变化趋势相似，且各区域间的氡浓度差异未达到统计显著性。第2期调查结果显示运行维护区的氡浓度较其他区域有所升高，不排除与施工扰动有关，然而，由于良好的空气扩散条件，这一局部升高未在更大范围内显现，表明人为活动对区域氡浓度的直接影响较为有限。
3）相关性分析结果显示，温度与氡浓度有显著正相关性，大部分点位的氡浓度随着温度的上升而升高，而风速对氡浓度的影响较为复杂，且不同点位之间的相关性差异较大，可能受到其他综合因素的影响，需进一步研究。
基金
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  • 中国国家原子能机构核设施退役与放射性废物治理专项(科工二司[2020]194号资助)
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012
  • 接收时间：2024-12-09
  • 首发时间：2025-11-07
  • 出版时间：2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-09
  • 修回日期：2024-12-29
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China Atomic Energy Authority(科工二司[2020]194号资助)
中国国家原子能机构核设施退役与放射性废物治理专项(科工二司[2020]194号资助)
作者信息
    1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029
    2 中国国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029
    3 南华大学，湖南 衡阳 421001
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hdzkx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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