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Article(id=1193534734505571130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, articleNumber=1672-0636（2025）01-0110-13, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736006400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-05, revisedDate=1738252800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762490455508, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762490455508, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762490455508, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762490455508, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193513023760466128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='217', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762485279264, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762498836216, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193569885797184010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193569885797184011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, issueId=1193513023760466128, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=110, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193534734807561021, articleId=1193534734505571130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, language=EN, title=Structural stability evaluation method of Underground Research Laboratory (URL) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China, columnId=1190343834849607834, journalTitle=World Nuclear Geoscience, columnName=RESEARCH ARTICALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) play a crucial role in the siting process of high-level radioactive waste disposal. A study of evaluating the structural stability of Beishan URLs site was carried out, considering regional seismic and geological environment. After over a decade of site stability evaluations，techniques were developed to identify weakly active faults in stable crustal areas and assess their seismic potential. A method for determining design seismic motions was proposed，accounting for the source，propagation path，and local site characteristics. An efficient，high-precision time-domain analysis method for deeply buried，complex URL systems was proposed，along with a rock-structure numerical model to reveal seismic performance and its impact on the structural stability of the Beishan URL. The research determined the seismic fortification intensity for the Beishan URL，provided key seismic input parameters for structural design，and presented the seismic response results, supporting the construction of a site descriptive model (SDM) and site suitability assessment for the disposal repository.

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YUN Long，male，born in 1985，senior engineer，PhD，focusing on the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste and the direction of active tectonics. E-mail：

, authorsList=YUN Long, WANG Ju, YANG Xiaoping, CHEN Su), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193535186873840123, articleId=1193534734505571130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, language=CN, title=高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价方法, columnId=1190343834992214173, journalTitle=世界核地质科学, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

地下实验室在高放废物处置库选址和确定过程中，起到了承上启下、不可或缺的作用。结合地下实验室所处北山地区的区域地震地质环境，开展高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价研究。经过十余年的场址稳定性评价工作，建立了地壳稳定区弱活动断裂的活动性鉴定和发震能力评价技术；综合考虑震源-传播路径-局部场地特性的设防地震动的确定方法；提出了大埋深复杂地下实验室系统高效高精度的整体时域分析方法；建立了岩体-结构数值分析模型，揭示其抗震性能及其对地下实验室结构稳定性的影响特征和规律。研究成果确定地下实验室的抗震设防烈度等级，提供关键的结构设计地震动输入参数，给出地下实验室的岩体-结构地震动响应结果，为下一步构建场址描述模型（Site descriptive model，SDM）和进行处置库场址适应性评价提供了支持。

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云龙，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，博士，硕导，主要从事高放废物地质处置和活动构造方向的研究。E-mail：

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云龙，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，博士，硕导，主要从事高放废物地质处置和活动构造方向的研究。E-mail：

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云龙，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，博士，硕导，主要从事高放废物地质处置和活动构造方向的研究。E-mail：

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Lithosphere, 2021b., articleTitle=Late Miocene to Quaternary development of the Jiujing basin southern Beishan block,China:Implications for the kinematics and timing of crustal reactivation north of Tibet, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193593408129299354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=65, issue=4, pageStart=825, pageEnd=838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=16, authorNames=云龙, 张进, 徐伟, journalName=地质论评, refType=null, unstructuredReference=云龙, 张进, 徐伟, 等. 甘肃北山南缘断裂的活动特征及其意义[J]. 地质论评, 2019, 65 (4):825-838., articleTitle=甘肃北山南缘断裂的活动特征及其意义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193593408188019611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=65, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=17, authorNames=YUN Long, ZHANG Jin, XU Wei, journalName=Geological Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUN Long, ZHANG Jin, XU Wei, et al. 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Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(6):1519-1529 (in Chinese)., articleTitle=Seismic response characteristics of the cavern group of the Beishan underground research laboratory for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1193593406837453704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, awardId=FZ2101-6, language=EN, fundingSource=“Analysis and Assessment of Crustal Stability for the Site Selection of Beishan Underground Research Laboratory”(FZ2101-6), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1193593406900368265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, awardId=FZ2101-6, language=CN, fundingSource=地下实验室场址地壳稳定性分析与评价研究(FZ2101-6), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193593403175826240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403184214849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403175826240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403192603458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403175826240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193593403268100931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403272295236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403268100931, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403280683845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403268100931, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193593403343598406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403347792711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403343598406, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Institute of Geology，China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403356181320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403343598406, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193593403419095882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403427484491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403419095882, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering，Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193593403431678796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, companyId=1193593403419095882, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京 100024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1193593404941628268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Regional seismotectonic map of Beishan URL site

DHF-Daquan fault；LYF-Liuyuan fault；BYF-Baiyuanshan-yueyanshan fault；JMGF-Jinmiaogou fault；HQSF-Hongqishan fault；JJF-Jiujing fault；HLSF-Hongqishan fault；TDCF-Taerwan-dengdengshan-cijiaciwo fault；JWS-Jiayuguan-Wenshushan fault；KTF-Kuantanshan fault；JTNSF-Jintananshan fault；Altyn Tagh Fault；NQLFS-North Qilianshan fault system；CMF- Changma fault；DXSF-Daxueshan fault

, figureFileSmall=TcSon1YBmMcklsRE6wNslA==, figureFileBig=vIgpli9URMIk4S31jwJ/sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405000348525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图1, caption=北山地下实验室场址区域地震构造图

DHF—大泉断裂；LYF—柳园断裂；BYF—白云山-月牙山断裂；JMGF—金庙沟断裂；HQSF—红旗山断裂；JJF—旧井断裂；HLSF—红旗山断裂；TDCF—塔尔湾—登登山—池家刺窝断裂；JWS—嘉峪关—文殊山断裂；KTF—宽滩山断裂；JTNSF—金塔南山断裂；Altyn Tagh Fault—阿尔金断裂；NQLFS—北祁连断裂系；CMF—昌马断裂；DXSF—大雪山断裂。

, figureFileSmall=TcSon1YBmMcklsRE6wNslA==, figureFileBig=vIgpli9URMIk4S31jwJ/sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405084234606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The overall technology roadmap of program, figureFileSmall=zM+U0dxPuLk0LWFI79IDeQ==, figureFileBig=vvUZuvJkKfSkaBZx4Q9I1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405147149167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究方法与路线图, figureFileSmall=zM+U0dxPuLk0LWFI79IDeQ==, figureFileBig=vvUZuvJkKfSkaBZx4Q9I1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405210063728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Plane and three-dimensional geometric distribution of Jiujing fault (modified after reference [15])

a-The structural geological map of Jiujing fault，JJF-1，JJF-2，JJF-3 and JJF-4 represent the four branches of the Jiujing fault，respectively. SYJF: Shiyuejing fault；b-Three dimensional interpretation map of Jiujing fault, JAMT-1, JAMT-2, JAMT-3 and JAMT-4 are four magnetotelluric profiles crossing the Jiujing fault.

, figureFileSmall=FpFi6fx2ie7ZIPoWCkIcnw==, figureFileBig=8oAL44qdjARG1rc7GN5HOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405285561201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图3, caption=旧井断裂平面与三维几何展布图（据参考文献[15]修改）

a—旧井断裂周边构造地质图，JJF-1、JJF-2、JJF-3和JJF-4分别代表旧井断裂的4条分支，SYJF—十月井断裂；b—旧井断裂三维解译图，JAMT-1、JAMT-2、JAMT-3和JAMT-4为穿越断裂的4条大地电磁剖面。

, figureFileSmall=FpFi6fx2ie7ZIPoWCkIcnw==, figureFileBig=8oAL44qdjARG1rc7GN5HOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405344281458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Typical offset landforms along the Jiujing fault (modified after reference [15])

a-Fault terminal facet；b-Fault vellay；c-Faulted ridge；d-Faulted gully；e、f-Satellite image and interpretation map of faulted terrace.

, figureFileSmall=NuaLCA+XzGxY32Db7uLmYQ==, figureFileBig=MQU+vZk3Avrkc0anFgN0FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405403001715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图4, caption=旧井断裂典型的断错地貌（据参考文献[15]修改）

a—断层三角面；b—断层槽谷；c—断错山脊；d—断错冲沟；e、f—断错阶地卫星影像、解译图。

, figureFileSmall=NuaLCA+XzGxY32Db7uLmYQ==, figureFileBig=MQU+vZk3Avrkc0anFgN0FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405474304884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Mw 6.5 sets earthquake scenario and Mw 7.0 sets earthquake scenario

a-Mw 6.5 sets earthquake scenario；b-Mw 7.0 sets earthquake scenario.

, figureFileSmall=979pAmO+/TfdmKU9rEs5Hw==, figureFileBig=EmXBi6UR4xaa5vixXCr47w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405533025141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Mw 6.5设定地震情景和Mw 7.0设定地震情景

a—Mw 6.5设定地震情景；b—Mw 7.0设定地震情景。

, figureFileSmall=979pAmO+/TfdmKU9rEs5Hw==, figureFileBig=EmXBi6UR4xaa5vixXCr47w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405621105526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Mw 6.5 setting seismic acceleration time history and response spectrum characteristics

PGA-Peak ground acceleration.

, figureFileSmall=mu4DQHFxihaE7ytUXjZung==, figureFileBig=sBtBF64+KL75O+UpJGnzvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405679825783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Mw 6.5设定地震加速度时程及反应谱特性

PGA—地震动峰值加速度。

, figureFileSmall=mu4DQHFxihaE7ytUXjZung==, figureFileBig=sBtBF64+KL75O+UpJGnzvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405734351736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The overall structure of the URL (with grid)

a-Model without grid；b-Model with grid.

, figureFileSmall=Qke5IfvSJ6c/fWTMabkGGQ==, figureFileBig=3TVlnYG3hWMD9EAt12Lg/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405797266297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图7, caption=区域岩体-断层-地下实验室结构模型透视图

a—不带网格；b—带网格。

, figureFileSmall=Qke5IfvSJ6c/fWTMabkGGQ==, figureFileBig=3TVlnYG3hWMD9EAt12Lg/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593405923095418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig 8, caption=Schematic diagram of characteristic points in numerical simulation of underground laboratory structure, figureFileSmall=+XRC1+LaBsHs1zzA+2RH+w==, figureFileBig=osIYhBvZtIT4P8/Fu98Mcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406002787195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图8, caption=地下实验室结构数值模拟特征点示意图, figureFileSmall=+XRC1+LaBsHs1zzA+2RH+w==, figureFileBig=osIYhBvZtIT4P8/Fu98Mcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406082478972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Acceleration distribution characteristics at different times in the model

a~h-Acceleration distribution characteristics at different times in the model.

, figureFileSmall=dTkcg9M2zGMNVq4x5zeXDw==, figureFileBig=D2N6j8z2qGgfeKlCEddofA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406137004925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图9, caption=模型内不同时刻加速度分布特性

a~h—0.05~2.0 s不同时刻加速分布。

, figureFileSmall=dTkcg9M2zGMNVq4x5zeXDw==, figureFileBig=D2N6j8z2qGgfeKlCEddofA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406191530878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Acceleration magnification factor and surface PGA distribution of shafts under Mw 6.5 and Mw 7.0 earthquakes (unit：m·s-2)

a-Acceleration magnification factor and surface PGA distribution of shafts under Mw 6.5 earthquake；b-Acceleration magnification factor and surface PGA distribution of shafts under Mw7.0 earthquake.Shaft 1-personnel hoisting shaft；shaft 2-intake shaft；shaft 3-outlet shaft

, figureFileSmall=TwtKb1JQW7i3DXsRVMCAzQ==, figureFileBig=jLZaJp6Xnm639V8DpuiN3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406254445439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图10, caption=Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下竖井加速度放大系数与地表峰值加速度分布/单位：m·s-2

a—Mw 6.5级地震作用下竖井加速度放大系数与地表峰值加速度分布；b—Mw 7.0级地震作用下竖井加速度放大系数与地表峰值加速度分布。
竖井一—人员提升井；竖井二—入风井；竖井三—出风井。

, figureFileSmall=TwtKb1JQW7i3DXsRVMCAzQ==, figureFileBig=jLZaJp6Xnm639V8DpuiN3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406308971392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Spectral characteristics of ground motion propagation of Mw 6.5 and Mw M 7.0

a-Spectral characteristics of ground motion propagation of Mw 6.5 earthquake；b-Spectral characteristics of ground motion propagation of Mw7.0 earthquake.

, figureFileSmall=0J2zSKV9VcRWza9sHp+Ifg==, figureFileBig=86ebF+/qVOCVIbhoWVOhxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406367691649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图11, caption=Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震动传播的谱特性

a—Mw 6.5级地震动传播的谱特性；b—Mw 7.0级地震动传播的谱特性。

, figureFileSmall=0J2zSKV9VcRWza9sHp+Ifg==, figureFileBig=86ebF+/qVOCVIbhoWVOhxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406422217602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Distribution of principal stress vector in underground laboratory under Mw 6.5 and Mw 7.0 earthquakes (unit：Pa)

a-Distribution of principal stress vector in the underground laboratory under Mw 6.5 earthquake；b-Distribution of principal stress vector in the underground laboratory under Mw7.0 earthquake.

, figureFileSmall=qDQVWCTrJL0/VJEQXNV1Sg==, figureFileBig=2B+E/zpQjmhbK334dRLPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406476743555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图12, caption=Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下地下实验室主应力矢量分布/单位：Pa

a—Mw 6.5级地震作用下地下实验室主应力矢量分布；b—Mw 7.0级地震作用下地下实验室主应力矢量分布。

, figureFileSmall=qDQVWCTrJL0/VJEQXNV1Sg==, figureFileBig=2B+E/zpQjmhbK334dRLPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406535463812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Relative displacement response of three vertical wells in east-west and north-south directions under the action of Mw 6.5 and Mw 7.0 earthquakes

a and b-relative displacement in east-west direction；c and d-relative displacement in north-south direction. Shaft 1-personnel lift shaft；shaft 2-intake shaft；shaft 3-outlet shaft.

, figureFileSmall=yx7n3CkCjgF5BedVAf4n+w==, figureFileBig=gL2ANuxQnQ4ZajZZ1dT1sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406594184069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图13, caption=Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下三竖井EW和SN向相对位移反应

a和b—EW向相对位移；c和d—SN向相对位移。
竖井一—人员提升井；竖井二—入风井；竖井三—出风井。

, figureFileSmall=yx7n3CkCjgF5BedVAf4n+w==, figureFileBig=gL2ANuxQnQ4ZajZZ1dT1sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406661292934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Absolute displacement distribution of underground laboratory under the action of Mw 6.5 and Mw M7.0 earthquakes (unit：m)

a-Absolute displacement distribution of underground laboratory under the action of Mw 6.5 earthquake；b-Absolute displacement distribution of underground laboratory under the action of Mw7.0 earthquake.

, figureFileSmall=EwL7KqqNLFdcPp6n6EuQww==, figureFileBig=ozROn28cKZNv1dFjMCWPfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193593406720013191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190260162528112641, articleId=1193534734505571130, language=CN, label=图14, caption=Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下地下实验室绝对位移分布 (单位：m)

a—Mw 6.5级地震作用下地下实验室绝对位移分布；b—Mw 7.0级地震作用下地下实验室绝对位移分布

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高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价方法
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云龙 1, 2 , 王驹 1, 2 , 杨晓平 3 , 陈苏 4
世界核地质科学 | 研究论文 2025,42(1): 110-122
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世界核地质科学 | 研究论文 2025, 42(1): 110-122
高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价方法
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云龙1, 2 , 王驹1, 2, 杨晓平3, 陈苏4
作者信息
  • 1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029
  • 2 中国原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029
  • 3 中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029
  • 4 北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京 100024

    • 云龙，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，博士，硕导，主要从事高放废物地质处置和活动构造方向的研究。E-mail：

Structural stability evaluation method of Underground Research Laboratory (URL) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China
YUN Long1, 2 , WANG Ju1, 2, YANG Xiaoping3, CHEN Su4
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
  • 2 CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste, Beijing 100029, China
  • 3 Institute of Geology，China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
  • 4 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering，Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.009
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摘要
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地下实验室在高放废物处置库选址和确定过程中，起到了承上启下、不可或缺的作用。结合地下实验室所处北山地区的区域地震地质环境，开展高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价研究。经过十余年的场址稳定性评价工作，建立了地壳稳定区弱活动断裂的活动性鉴定和发震能力评价技术；综合考虑震源-传播路径-局部场地特性的设防地震动的确定方法；提出了大埋深复杂地下实验室系统高效高精度的整体时域分析方法；建立了岩体-结构数值分析模型，揭示其抗震性能及其对地下实验室结构稳定性的影响特征和规律。研究成果确定地下实验室的抗震设防烈度等级，提供关键的结构设计地震动输入参数，给出地下实验室的岩体-结构地震动响应结果，为下一步构建场址描述模型（Site descriptive model，SDM）和进行处置库场址适应性评价提供了支持。

高放废物地质处置  /  北山地下实验室  /  结构稳定性  /  评价方法

Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) play a crucial role in the siting process of high-level radioactive waste disposal. A study of evaluating the structural stability of Beishan URLs site was carried out, considering regional seismic and geological environment. After over a decade of site stability evaluations，techniques were developed to identify weakly active faults in stable crustal areas and assess their seismic potential. A method for determining design seismic motions was proposed，accounting for the source，propagation path，and local site characteristics. An efficient，high-precision time-domain analysis method for deeply buried，complex URL systems was proposed，along with a rock-structure numerical model to reveal seismic performance and its impact on the structural stability of the Beishan URL. The research determined the seismic fortification intensity for the Beishan URL，provided key seismic input parameters for structural design，and presented the seismic response results, supporting the construction of a site descriptive model (SDM) and site suitability assessment for the disposal repository.

geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste  /  Beishan underground research laboratory (URL)  /  structural stability  /  evaluation method
云龙, 王驹, 杨晓平, 陈苏. 高放废物处置地下实验室结构稳定性评价方法. 世界核地质科学, 2025 , 42 (1) : 110 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.009
YUN Long, WANG Ju, YANG Xiaoping, CHEN Su. Structural stability evaluation method of Underground Research Laboratory (URL) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience, 2025 , 42 (1) : 110 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.009
正文
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高水平放射性废物（简称高放废物）具有放射性强、毒性大和半衰期长的特点，对其进行最终安全处置难度极大，面临一系列的科学、技术和工程挑战[1-3]。能否最终安全处置高放废物是关系到核工业可持续发展和环境保护的战略性课题。目前，国际上普遍认为技术可行的最终处置高放废物的方式为深地质处置，即将高放废物埋置在距地表400~1 000 m深度范围内的稳定地质体中，利用废物体、处置容器、缓冲回填材料和围岩形成的多重屏障系统，确保高放废物不会危害到生物圈[4-6]。
依据我国高放废物地质处置的整体战略规划，放废处置要经历“选址、地下实验室建设和处置库建设”三个阶段，经过三十多年的选址和论证，甘肃北山新场场址作为我国地下实验室的首选场址被确定下来，并于2021年6月正式在新场开工建设“北山地下实验室”，它是我国首座专门用于高放废物处置研究的，也是国际上首座特定场区型的地下实验室[7-11]。从区域大地构造环境来看，北山地下实验室场址位于北山—阿拉善地块、敦煌地块和青藏高原北缘的结合部位。区域地震构造环境复杂，在河西走廊内部和高原北缘强震多，虽然在北山内部还未记录到>4.7级的破坏性地震，然而近几年也有些小规模的活动断裂被发现和报道[12-14]。这些断裂如果发生地震，对整个场址及地下实验室结构的影响如何?整个地下实验室的结构形变特征如何?主要集中在哪些部位?这些问题的解答对于开展场址的适宜性和地下实验室结构的稳定性分析都有重要工程意义。为了解答这些问题，笔者从2011年至今，一直在地下实验室场址开展地震地质调查、地震安全性评价及结构稳定性数值分析等工作[15]。本文总结近十年这些工作的几个关键点进行报道，以便为下一步构建场址描述模型（Site descriptive model，SDM）和进行处置库场址适应性评价提供支持。
1 研究方法与思路
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从高放废物地质处置工程特点出发，以我国高放废物地下实验室为研究对象，通过利用野外地质调查、地球物理探测、岩石力学试验、理论计算与数值模拟分析相结合的手段，在充分调研国内外相关研究成果前提下，结合我国高放废物地下实验室场址所处区域的地震地质条件，对我国高放废物地下实验室开展结构稳定性分析研究，具体研究思路和技术路线如下：
1）充分收集整理研究区的构造地质、地震资料，分析给出区域破坏性地震和中小地震的时空分布特征，结合地貌和地震地质条件，进行新构造运动分区，开展区域地震活动评价。
2）通过卫片解译、断错地貌点野外调查和探槽开挖，结合年龄样品的测年结果，对场址近区域和附近范围内的断裂开展活动性鉴定，并重点针对影响地下实验室结构稳定性的关键断裂（旧井断裂）开展大比例尺活动断层填图，结合区域地震环境和已有统计关系，对其进行发震震级评估。
3）结合断裂活动性调查和室内岩石力学试验结果，确定震源的几何、力学参数并建立破裂模型，使用随机有限断层法对设定关键断裂（旧井断裂）发生Mw 6.5级和7.0级地震的场景进行模拟，确定设定地震情景和地震加速度时程及反应谱等地震动输入条件。
4）结合已给出的地质资料和地震动输入条件，采用无限元人工边界结合区域地震动特性作为输入方法，利用有限元方法进行数值计算，结合理论分析，构建地下实验室岩体结构数值高效、高精度分析模型。
5）分析岩体-结构在强震动条件下的地震动响应，分析地震动传播规律，给出地下实验室人员提升井、入风和排风井，以及螺旋斜坡道等主要地下结构的变形和强度参数特征。
2 研究结果
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2.1 地下实验室场址西侧关键发震构造（旧井断裂）的几何学、运动学和活动时代等关键活动性参数和潜在发生震级
旧井断裂作为距离（约13 km）场址最近的关键发震构造，估算其发震能力（潜在发震震级）对于地下实验室场址的适宜性评价和结构稳定性分析具有关键意义。而获得断裂的几何学、运动学参数及确定其活动时代是进行震级估算的前提。项目综合利用卫片解译、无人机航测、野外实地调查、槽探和典型剖面解译和宽频大地电磁侧深等方法，结合碳十四（C14）和热释光（TL）、光释光（OSL）等多种测年手段，给出旧井断裂的关键活动性参数，并结合北山地区的地震活动环及构造组合和发震震级关系，综合评估旧井断裂的发震能力。
2.1.1 旧井断裂的几何学和运动学参数
旧井断裂呈明显的线性排布，总长约22 km，总体走向NE40°~50°，倾向NW，倾角介于60°~70°之间，平面上由4条分支断裂组成，呈复杂的“Y”字形分布（图3a），各分支在地表的几何分布上表现为由北向南逐渐收敛的趋势，且向深部汇聚至一处，形成正走滑断裂典型的负花状构造（图3b）。以该断裂为界，东侧主要分布晚古生代似斑状花岗闪长岩，西侧分布二叠纪中细粒二长花岗岩，向南切穿距今241~271 Ma的小西弓韧性剪切带。此外，断裂构成花岗岩山体与两个第四系沉积盆地的边界，控制南北两个晚更新世、全新世冲洪积和风积盆地（旧井盆地和板滩盆地）的发育。断裂主体沿东侧花岗岩山体与晚第四纪洪积扇边界分布，地貌上形成断层三角面（图4a）、断层槽谷（图4b）、山脊和冲沟（图4c、d）以及断错阶地（图4f）等地貌，由此确定断裂在晚更新世以来的运动为以左旋走滑为主，兼有正断性质。
2.1.2 旧井断裂的潜在发震能力
旧井断裂是近区域长度最大、活动最强的断裂，长度22 km。野外活动断层调查结果显示，旧井盆地与新场岩体交界部位的旧井断层段上、长约10 km范围内发现一次事件的垂直位移为0.3 m，断层面上擦痕向南西侧伏，侧伏角为30°，计算得到一次事件的水平位移为 0.6 m。依据本项目开展的大地电磁探测结果，旧井断裂的深度约10 km。根据Wells and Coppersmith（1994）和冉洪流等（2011）等提出的震级（M）与断裂破裂长度（L)之间的统计关系，得出旧井断裂的潜在发震震级。此外，结合旧井断裂所在的北山地区有地震记录以来记录到的地震震级小于5.5级，且均为浅源地震，断裂活动强度远弱于青藏高原及周边的其他活动断裂，由此给出断裂未来可能的潜在发震震级为6.5级。
2.2 主要发震构造（旧井断裂）的震源参数、传播路径和局部场地特征
考虑旧井断裂距离地下实验室场址仅约13 km，基于传统衰减关系或弥散地震的地震安全性评价方法难以估计中、强地震在近场可能存在的有限断层效应、破裂方向性效应和上盘效应等近场震源效应对地下实验室结构的影响。因此，采用随机有限断层法，并基于Mw 6.5和Mw7.0的设定地震在最不利情况下可能产生的加速度时程和反应谱进行模拟，给出Mw6.5和Mw7.0的设定地震情景（图5和6），为地下实验室岩体-结构数值分析提供合理的地震动输入。
2.3 构建地下实验室岩体结构数值分析模型，给出结构强震动响应结果
通过前期地质资料的分析，结合室内试验获得的钻孔岩心物理力学参数，以地下实验室人员竖井所在的BS32孔为控制点，选取3 km×3 km及深度1.5 km的计算区域，通过大量几何整理，清理无用的点线面、融合重复的几何边界、重构整体几何模型，构建地下实验室岩体-结构数值分析模型，并利用之前给出的震源参数、传播路径和局部场地特征，设计18组模拟工况，获得地下实验室岩体-结构的地震动传播规律、应力分布和位移响应。
2.3.1 岩体-结构整体有限元模型的构建
地下实验室的有限元建模是后续结构形变分析研究的基础，构建的三维时域有限元模型具有精细化、三维化和可编辑3个典型特点。采用无限元人工边界结合区域地震动特性作为输入方法，显示有限元方法进行数值计算，多边形减缩积分单元作为网格剖分单元形式，以保证数值模型的计算精度、计算效率和计算稳定性。模型除包含岩体和结构等单元外，还囊括了F31、F34、F29-1、F33和F32等断层（图7a）。在此基础上，对几何模型进行精细化网格划分：根据输入地震动特性、空间位置和结构重要性等关键因素分别设置不同的网格疏密梯度；根据物理属性分别设置单元类型和材料参数；根据边界单元参数建立无限元人工边界；根据输入地震动和单元网格尺寸设置动力显示分析参数。最终构建岩体-结构整体有限元模型（图7b）。
2.3.2 地下实验室的岩体-结构地震动响应
2.3.2.1 地震动传播规律
地下实验室结构数值模拟特征点如图8所示，在振动初期，地震动传播与解析特性符合较好，但由于本模型内复杂断层存在及内部开孔等几何与力学特性的特异性强，地震动在到达自由地表后，体系内的加速度分布出现复杂的叠加效应，局部出现不均匀分布，且在断层地表位置加速度出现集聚现象。
Mw6.5和Mw7.0级地震作用下，竖井峰值加速度放大系数沿深度的分布见图9。人员提升井、出风井和入风井等竖井各测点沿深度方向峰值加速度放大系数最大，而3个竖井之间的峰值加速度放大系数相差甚微。在-280 m辅助试验水平深度以下，竖井沿深度方向放大系数先增大后减小；-280 m 辅助试验水平高度以上，竖井沿深度方向放大系数逐渐增大，在竖井顶部取得最大值，其加速度放大系数接近1.50。斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对各竖井加速度反应影响不大。整个模型的地表峰值加速度特征见图10a和b，结果表明：断层所在位置地表为加速度放大较为显著的位置。整个岩体-结构体系中，断层对地震动产生起到更大的放大效应。而螺旋斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对地表的峰值加速度分布影响并不显著。地震动传播的傅里叶谱对比发现，Mw6.5级地震动作用下，地下实验室各测点近EW向的加速度在1~10 Hz范围内较为发育；对比竖井SN向与EW向各测点的傅里叶谱发现：SN向上各测点频谱的低频成分更加丰富，且SN向上竖井顶部测点频谱振幅最大值对应的基本频率比EW向上的更高（图11）；Mw 7.0级地震动作用下SN向上竖井顶部测点在频段采集范围内振动的振幅出现双峰值现象，且其二阶频率较EW向上顶部测点第二幅值峰值对应的频率低。沿深度方向上，各测点振动幅值最大值比SN向和EW向都大，且各频段内主要频率清晰分布较均匀。
综上，分别从地震动传播、地震动沿深度和地表地震动峰值分布等角度展示地下实验室岩体和结构在地震动力作用下的传播规律，对比分析可知：1）竖井峰值加速度放大系数整体呈增大趋势，M7.0级地震动与M6.5级地震动同位置各测点的加速度放大系数变化并不显著；2）断层（特别是F33，F34）所在地表为加速度放大较为显著的位置，地下实验室斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对地震动传播（PGA及频谱）影响较小。
2.3.2.2 应力分布及地震稳定性分析
地下实验室结构的地震响应，其初始条件为开挖完成后的应力稳定状态。地震作用下，工程岩体及地下实验室的总应力由两部分构成：静态下的地应力和地震作用下的附加应力。Mw 6.5和Mw7.0级地震作用下，地下实验室的地震动附加主应力矢量分布分別如图12a和b所示，结果显示，由地震作用引起的附加应力总体呈现出小幅拉压状态，Mw 6.5级地震作用下，附加的动应力值较为集中在1.5~2.0 MPa之间，在-240 m辅助平台位置出现峰值点； Mw 7.0级地震作用下，附加的动应力较为集中在4.0~5.0 MPa之间，在-560 m实验平台位置出现峰值点。项目考虑已成型地下实验室地震动力特性分析，由于岩体天然水平应力以压应力为主，且实际工程开挖后的应力重分布特性未知，但可推测地震荷载附加的动拉应力远不足以造成岩体的振动损伤。
BS06号孔的地应力随深度逐渐增加的趋势，最大水平主应力介于6.94~13.89 MPa之间，最小水平主应力介于4.54~9.97 MPa之间，总体属于低应力水平；通过坐标变换将地震附加应力和静应力叠加，采用Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则判别不同岩体强度的破坏程度，得到不同震级作用下，目标岩体静-动耦合的应力水平。可以看出：采用Coulomb屈服条件计算得到的破坏面剪应力远小于屈服剪应力，可认为岩体稳定性强，振动损伤的可能性极低。
2.3.2.3 地下实验室结构位移响应
Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下，三竖井各测点EW向相对位移反应如图13a和b所示。Mw 6.5级地震作用下，水平向剪切，竖向拉压变形，结构顶底相对变形量约12 mm；Mw 7.0级地震作用下，水平向准剪切，竖向拉压变形，顶底相对变形量约40 mm。SN向相对位移反应如图13c和d所示。各竖井南SN向相对位移反应峰值基本相同，规律较为一致，随输入地震动峰值加速度增大，相对位移也在增大。此外，竖井SN向水平相对位移随着结构高度的增大也逐渐增大，在竖井顶部达到峰值。不同强度地震激励下，竖井SN向变形均呈剪切型。
Mw 6.5和Mw 7.0级地震作用下，地下实验室岩体-结构的绝对位移反应如图14所示，在Mw 6.5级和Mw 7.0级地震动输入条件下，地下实验室的整体变形特性均呈剪切型，位移较大的区域主要集中在-280 m和-560 m水平，以及与两者连接的竖井位置，整个螺旋斜坡道的变形较小。与Mw 6.5级地震相比，但在Mw 7.0级地震动输入条件下-280 m到-560 m水平段的曲率存在一个数量级的差异；模型结构位移反应对低强度岩体更为敏感，斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对结构位移反应影响较小。
通过以下三方面的分析可知：
1）地震动传播规律方面：竖井峰值加速度放大系数整体呈增大趋势，Mw 7.0级地震动与Mw 6.5级地震动同位置各测点的加速度放大系数变化并不显著；地下实验室斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对地震动传播（PGA及频谱）影响较小。
2）整体应力分布方面：由地震作用引起的附加应力总体呈现出小幅拉压状态，Mw 6.5级地震作用下，附加的动应力值较为集中在1.5~2.0 MPa之间；Mw 7.0级地震作用下，附加的动应力较为集中在4.0~5.0 MPa之间；采用Coulomb屈服条件计算得到的破坏面剪应力远小于屈服剪应力，认为岩体稳定性强，振动损伤的可能性极低。
3）从整体位移反应角度：Mw 6.5与Mw 7.0级地震动输入条件下，地下实验室整体呈现出剪切特性；模型结构位移反应对低强度岩体更为敏感，斜坡道是否穿越F29-1断层对结构位移反应影响较小。
3 结论
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通过近十年的场址地震安全性分析，针对北山地下实验室场址的特殊地质条件，笔者建立了一系列的关键技术，包括：地壳稳定区弱活动断裂的活动性鉴定和发震能力评价技术；综合考虑震源-传播路径-局部场地特性的设防地震动的确定方法；提出大埋深复杂地下实验室系统高效高精度的整体时域分析方法，建立岩体-结构数值分析模型，揭示其抗震性能及其对地下实验室结构稳定性的影响特征和规律。基于这些研究也取得一些基本认识：
1）距离场址约13 km的旧井断裂是离场址最近的能动断层，该断裂在晚更新世以来的运动以左旋走滑为主，兼有正断性质。其未来可能的最大潜在发震震级为6.5级。
2）基于Mw 6.5和Mw7.0的设定地震在最不利情况下可能产生的加速度时程和反应谱进行模拟，给出Mw6.5和Mw7.0的设定地震情景，为地下实验室岩体-结构数值分析提供合理的地震动输入。
3）地下实验室的有限元建模是后续结构形变分析研究的基础，构建的三维时域有限元模型具有精细化、三维化和可编辑3个典型特点。地下实验室的岩体-结构地震动响应结果显示：①竖井峰值加速度放大系数整体呈增大趋势，地震动传播（PGA及频谱）影响较小；②由地震作用引起的附加应力总体呈现出小幅拉压状态，采用Coulomb屈服条件计算得到的破坏面剪应力远小于屈服剪应力，显示岩体稳定性强，振动损伤的可能性极低；③地下实验室的整体位移反应呈现出剪切特性。
基金
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  • 地下实验室场址地壳稳定性分析与评价研究(FZ2101-6)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2025.01.009
  • 接收时间：2025-01-05
  • 首发时间：2025-11-07
  • 出版时间：2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-05
  • 修回日期：2025-01-31
基金
“Analysis and Assessment of Crustal Stability for the Site Selection of Beishan Underground Research Laboratory”(FZ2101-6)
地下实验室场址地壳稳定性分析与评价研究(FZ2101-6)
作者信息
    1 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029
    2 中国原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心，北京 100029
    3 中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029
    4 北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京 100024
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