Article(id=1148989443861701317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, issueId=1148989441470952447, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692892800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-25, revisedDate=1709136000000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751870030607, onlineDateStr=2025-07-07, pubDate=1714406400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751870030607, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751870030607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751870030607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1148989441470952447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, year='2024', volume='5', issue='2', pageStart='217', pageEnd='395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751870030037, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057315553, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1149774973969068078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, issueId=1148989441470952447, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1149774973969068079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, issueId=1148989441470952447, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=239, endPage=253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149999706538602536, articleId=1148989443861701317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, language=EN, title=Progress with the application of synthetic biology in designing of cancer vaccines, columnId=1149894683619635652, journalTitle=Synthetic Biology Journal, columnName=Invited Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The central dogma of biology, which delineates the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, along with the principles of cellular immunology, provides a foundational understanding for harnessing the power of synthetic biology to combat cancer. The application of synthetic biology in the design and production of novel tumor vaccines marks a pivotal advance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This study delves into the cutting-edge development in the creation of therapeutic tumor vaccines, with a particular focus on two critical components: antigen selection and vaccine design. The request for more precise and effective tumor vaccines has garnered the attention of researchers globally. These vaccines are designed to target tumor-specific antigens or those related to tumor growth and survival pathways. Traditional approaches to antigen selection have typically involved targeting specific genes with tumors. However, the advent of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry has revolutionized this process by enabling the screening of novel antigens, thereby enhancing the precision and immunogenicity of vaccines. In recent years, the landscape of tumor vaccines has been significantly broadened by the engineering of vaccines through various platforms. These include DNA-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines, viral or bacterial vector vaccines, and cell-based vaccines. These innovative approaches offer a stark contrast to traditional peptide vaccines, significantly amplifying the immune response against a variety of tumor types. The versatility of synthetic biology allows for the customization of vaccines to target a wide array of tumor antigens, thereby potentiating a more robust and targeted immune reaction. The progress made in synthetic biology is not only refining existing vaccine strategies but also accelerating the pace of experimental research in tumor vaccines. This rapid advancement holds the promise of continually improving the clinical therapeutic effects of these vaccines. As researchers continue to unravel the complexities of tumor immunology and synthetic biology techniques become more efficient, the intersection of these fields is expected to yield a new generation of tumor vaccines that are not only more effective but also safer and more accessible to patients. In conclusion, the integration of biological knowledge and technological innovation in synthetic biology is transforming the development of tumor vaccines. The focus on optimizing antigen selection and vaccine design is driving the creation of more potent and tailored immunotherapies. It is anticipated that synthetic biology will play an even greater role in enhancing the efficacy of tumor vaccines, offering cancer patients with hope in the ongoing battle against this devastating disease.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao FANG, Weiren HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148989448794202985, articleId=1148989443861701317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, language=CN, title=合成生物学在肿瘤疫苗设计中的应用进展, columnId=1148682685129748680, journalTitle=合成生物学, columnName=特约评述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据中心法则和细胞免疫学原则,利用合成生物学设计和生产新型肿瘤疫苗代表了癌症免疫治疗中的一个重要途径。本文概述了利用合成生物学针对两个主要方面(抗原选择和疫苗设计)的创新治疗性肿瘤疫苗的最新研究进展。针对肿瘤相关或特定抗原,开发更精确和有效的肿瘤疫苗引起了广泛关注。传统方法在抗原选择中主要针对肿瘤中的特定基因,而以高通量测序及质谱为基础筛选新抗原的方法明显改善了疫苗的靶向性及免疫原性。在疫苗类别方面,与传统多肽疫苗相比,通过对DNA、mRNA、病毒/细菌、细胞的工程化修饰而成的新型疫苗显著扩大了肿瘤疫苗的范围,从而大幅增强了不同肿瘤疫苗的免疫效果。合成生物学的快速发展将加速对肿瘤疫苗的实验研究进度,最终导致临床治疗效果的持续增强。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄卫人(1980—),男,研究员,博士生导师,深圳市转化医学研究院副院长。研究方向:(1)肿瘤基因组学,应用多组学手段鉴定肿瘤及微环境诊疗标志物,开发相关临床应用;(2)肿瘤类器官,利用体外培养系统还原肿瘤体内生长,药物筛选及耐药机制研究;(3)医学合成生物学,创新肿瘤治疗新方法。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gbH7qqCnusSunv4/xRJ5aA==, magXml=2QZrPXHy7iQ0LgeQtoaiKA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=u6Y9d3IU/AAeTDuAGPQx3A==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HNdc6T8brSICji8wTIy/ig==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

方超(1990—),男,博士后。研究方向:(1)肿瘤合成生物学;(2)肿瘤表观遗传学。E-mail:

, authorsList=方超, 黄卫人)}, authors=[Author(id=1172892024975012293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=c.fang@siat.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1172892025050509767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, authorId=1172892024975012293, language=EN, stringName=Chao FANG, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=FANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1172892025146978760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, authorId=1172892024975012293, language=CN, stringName=方超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035, bio={"img":"TAMPpIplbQneoigKMIsjtw==","content":"

方超(1990—),男,博士后。研究方向:(1)肿瘤合成生物学;(2)肿瘤表观遗传学。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=TAMPpIplbQneoigKMIsjtw==, bioContent=

方超(1990—),男,博士后。研究方向:(1)肿瘤合成生物学;(2)肿瘤表观遗传学。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172892024698188219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024702382524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024710771133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035)])]), Author(id=1172892025226670538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pony8980@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1172892025339916750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, authorId=1172892025226670538, language=EN, stringName=Weiren HUANG, firstName=Weiren, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China
2 Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital,Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1172892025407025615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, authorId=1172892025226670538, language=CN, stringName=黄卫人, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035
2 深圳大学第一附属医院,深圳市第二人民医院,泌尿外科,深圳转化医学研究院,广东 深圳 518035
3 广东省泌尿生殖肿瘤系统生物学与合成生物学重点实验室,广东 深圳 518035, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172892024698188219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024702382524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024710771133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172892024769491390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024777879999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024769491390, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital,Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024794657216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024769491390, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 深圳大学第一附属医院,深圳市第二人民医院,泌尿外科,深圳转化医学研究院,广东 深圳 518035)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172892024853377473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024857571778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024853377473, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024874348995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024853377473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 广东省泌尿生殖肿瘤系统生物学与合成生物学重点实验室,广东 深圳 518035)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1172892025553826256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=cancer vaccine), Keyword(id=1172892025604157905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=neoantigen), Keyword(id=1172892025679655378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=dendritic cell), Keyword(id=1172892025746764243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=DC vaccine), Keyword(id=1172892025847427540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=biosynthesis), Keyword(id=1172892025914536405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=肿瘤疫苗), Keyword(id=1172892026015199702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=新抗原), Keyword(id=1172892026132640215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=树突状细胞), Keyword(id=1172892026321383896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=细胞疫苗), Keyword(id=1172892026535293401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=合成生物学)], refs=[Reference(id=1172892028519199220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=105, issue=7, pageStart=309, pageEnd=313, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=BOYLSTON A, journalName=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BOYLSTON A. The origins of inoculation[J]. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2012, 105(7): 309-313., articleTitle=The origins of inoculation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892028628251126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=199, pageEnd=214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=DEMARIA P J, BILUSIC M, journalName=Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, refType=null, unstructuredReference= DEMARIA P J, BILUSIC M. Cancer vaccines[J]. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2019, 33(2): 199-214., articleTitle=Cancer vaccines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892028678582776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=65, issue=null, pageStart=21, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=GARY E N, WEINER D B, journalName=Current Opinion in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GARY E N, WEINER D B. DNA vaccines: prime time is now[J]. Current Opinion in Immunology, 2020, 65: 21-27., articleTitle=DNA vaccines: prime time is now, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892028842160636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=69, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=BECK J D, REIDENBACH D, SALOMON N, journalName=Molecular Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BECK J D, REIDENBACH D, SALOMON N, et al. mRNA therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy[J]. Molecular Cancer, 2021, 20(1): 69., articleTitle=mRNA therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892028951212541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=577, pageEnd=593, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=GARG A D, COULIE P G, VAN DEN EYNDE B J, journalName=Trends in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GARG A D, COULIE P G, VAN DEN EYNDE B J, et al. Integrating next-generation dendritic cell vaccines into the current cancer immunotherapy landscape[J]. Trends in Immunology, 2017, 38(8): 577-593., articleTitle=Integrating next-generation dendritic cell vaccines into the current cancer immunotherapy landscape, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029219647998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=450, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=FAN T, ZHANG M N, YANG J X, journalName=Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FAN T, ZHANG M N, YANG J X, et al. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects[J]. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2023, 8(1): 450., articleTitle=Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029303534081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=184, issue=6, pageStart=1589, pageEnd=1603, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=GEBRE M S, BRITO L A, TOSTANOSKI L H, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GEBRE M S, BRITO L A, TOSTANOSKI L H, et al. Novel approaches for vaccine development[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(6): 1589-1603., articleTitle=Novel approaches for vaccine development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029412585987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=583287, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=MINATI R, PERREAULT C, THIBAULT P, journalName=Frontiers in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MINATI R, PERREAULT C, THIBAULT P. A roadmap toward the definition of actionable tumor-specific antigens[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 583287., articleTitle=A roadmap toward the definition of actionable tumor-specific antigens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029483889156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=560, issue=7718, pageStart=382, pageEnd=386, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=CHEN G, HUANG A C, ZHANG W, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHEN G, HUANG A C, ZHANG W, et al. Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response[J]. Nature, 2018, 560(7718): 382-386., articleTitle=Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029672632837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=195, pageEnd=207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=KALAORA S, NAGLER A, WARGO J A, journalName=Nature Reviews Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KALAORA S, NAGLER A, WARGO J A, et al. Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2022, 22(4): 195-207., articleTitle=Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029798461959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=997, pageEnd=1005, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=CHIA W K, WANG W W, TEO M, journalName=Annals of Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHIA W K, WANG W W, TEO M, et al. A phase Ⅱ study evaluating the safety and efficacy of an adenovirus-ΔLMP1-LMP2 transduced dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Annals of Oncology, 2012, 23(4): 997-1005., articleTitle=A phase Ⅱ study evaluating the safety and efficacy of an adenovirus-ΔLMP1-LMP2 transduced dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892029924291082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=361, issue=19, pageStart=1838, pageEnd=1847, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=KENTER G G, WELTERS M J P, VALENTIJN A R P M, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KENTER G G, WELTERS M J P, VALENTIJN A R P M, et al. Vaccination against HPV-16 oncoproteins for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2009, 361(19): 1838-1847., articleTitle=Vaccination against HPV-16 oncoproteins for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030008177164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=386, issue=10008, pageStart=2078, pageEnd=2088, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=TRIMBLE C L, MORROW M P, KRAYNYAK K A, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference= TRIMBLE C L, MORROW M P, KRAYNYAK K A, et al. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial[J]. The Lancet, 2015, 386(10008): 2078-2088., articleTitle=Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030104646158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=153, issue=3, pageStart=521, pageEnd=529, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=HARPER D M, NIEMINEN P, DONDERS G, journalName=Gynecologic Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HARPER D M, NIEMINEN P, DONDERS G, et al. The efficacy and safety of Tipapkinogen Sovacivec therapeutic HPV vaccine in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3: randomized controlled phase Ⅱ trial with 2.5 years of follow-up[J]. Gynecologic Oncology, 2019, 153(3): 521-529., articleTitle=The efficacy and safety of Tipapkinogen Sovacivec therapeutic HPV vaccine in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3: randomized controlled phase Ⅱ trial with 2.5 years of follow-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030201115151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=5317, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=KIM T J, JIN H T, HUR S Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KIM T J, JIN H T, HUR S Y, et al. Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 5317., articleTitle=Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030410830352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=81, issue=13_Supplement, pageStart=CT002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=PIPERNO-NEUMANN S, HASSEL J C, RUTKOWSKI P, journalName=Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= PIPERNO-NEUMANN S, HASSEL J C, RUTKOWSKI P, et al. Abstract CT002: phase 3 randomized trial comparing tebentafusp with investigator’s choice in first line metastatic uveal melanoma[J]. Cancer Research, 2021, 81(13_Supplement): CT002., articleTitle=Abstract CT002: phase 3 randomized trial comparing tebentafusp with investigator’s choice in first line metastatic uveal melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030574408208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=4, issue=3, pageStart=321, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=ROSENBERG S A, YANG J C, SCHWARTZENTRUBER D J, journalName=Nature Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ROSENBERG S A, YANG J C, SCHWARTZENTRUBER D J, et al. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 1998, 4(3): 321-327., articleTitle=Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030670877202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=236, issue=2, pageStart=229, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=CUNHA A C, WEIGLE B, KIESSLING A, journalName=Cancer Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CUNHA A C, WEIGLE B, KIESSLING A, et al. Tissue-specificity of prostate specific antigens: comparative analysis of transcript levels in prostate and non-prostatic tissues[J]. Cancer Letters, 2006, 236(2): 229-238., articleTitle=Tissue-specificity of prostate specific antigens: comparative analysis of transcript levels in prostate and non-prostatic tissues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030784123413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=363, issue=5, pageStart=411, pageEnd=422, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=KANTOFF P W, HIGANO C S, SHORE N D, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KANTOFF P W, HIGANO C S, SHORE N D, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010, 363(5): 411-422., articleTitle=Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030897369622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=9, issue=399, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=O’ROURKE D M, NASRALLAH M P, DESAI A, journalName=Science Translational Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= O’ROURKE D M, NASRALLAH M P, DESAI A, et al. A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvⅢ-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma[J]. Science Translational Medicine, 2017, 9(399): eaaa0984., articleTitle=A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvⅢ-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892030972867096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=62, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZAHEDIPOUR F, ZAMANI P, MASHREGHI M, journalName=Cancer Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZAHEDIPOUR F, ZAMANI P, MASHREGHI M, et al. Nanoliposomal VEGF-R2 peptide vaccine acts as an effective therapeutic vaccine in a murine B16F10 model of melanoma[J]. Cancer Nanotechnology, 2023, 14(1): 62., articleTitle=Nanoliposomal VEGF-R2 peptide vaccine acts as an effective therapeutic vaccine in a murine B16F10 model of melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031035781658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=17, issue=6, pageStart=854, pageEnd=861, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=SCHUSTER J, LAI R K, RECHT L D, journalName=Neuro-oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SCHUSTER J, LAI R K, RECHT L D, et al. A phase Ⅱ, multicenter trial of rindopepimut (CDX-110) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: the ACT Ⅲ study[J]. Neuro-oncology, 2015, 17(6): 854-861., articleTitle=A phase Ⅱ, multicenter trial of rindopepimut (CDX-110) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: the ACT Ⅲ study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031102890524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=7, pageStart=1586, pageEnd=1594, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=REARDON D A, DESJARDINS A, VREDENBURGH J J, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= REARDON D A, DESJARDINS A, VREDENBURGH J J, et al. Rindopepimut with bevacizumab for patients with relapsed EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ReACT): results of a double-blind randomized phase Ⅱ trial[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2020, 26(7): 1586-1594., articleTitle=Rindopepimut with bevacizumab for patients with relapsed EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ReACT): results of a double-blind randomized phase Ⅱ trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031186776606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=18, issue=10, pageStart=1373, pageEnd=1385, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=WELLER M, BUTOWSKI N, TRAN D D, journalName=The Lancet Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WELLER M, BUTOWSKI N, TRAN D D, et al. Rindopepimut with temozolomide for patients with newly diagnosed, EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ACT Ⅳ): a randomised, double-blind, international phase 3 trial[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2017, 18(10): 1373-1385., articleTitle=Rindopepimut with temozolomide for patients with newly diagnosed, EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ACT Ⅳ): a randomised, double-blind, international phase 3 trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031291634208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=LIU C, YE D Y, YANG H L, journalName=MedComm, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU C, YE D Y, YANG H L, et al. RAS-targeted cancer therapy: advances in drugging specific mutations[J]. MedComm, 2023, 4(3): e285., articleTitle=RAS-targeted cancer therapy: advances in drugging specific mutations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031358743074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=819, pageEnd=835, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=BANNOURA S F, UDDIN M H, NAGASAKA M, journalName=Cancer Metastasis Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BANNOURA S F, UDDIN M H, NAGASAKA M, et al. Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer: new drugs on the horizon[J]. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 2021, 40(3): 819-835., articleTitle=Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer: new drugs on the horizon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031438434852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=17, issue=20, pageStart=19550, pageEnd=19580, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=LIU X Q, HUANG P, YANG R S, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU X Q, HUANG P, YANG R S, et al. mRNA cancer vaccines: construction and boosting strategies[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(20): 19550-19580., articleTitle=mRNA cancer vaccines: construction and boosting strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031639761446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=15, issue=17, pageStart=5323, pageEnd=5337, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=CHEEVER M A, ALLISON J P, FERRIS A S, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHEEVER M A, ALLISON J P, FERRIS A S, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(17): 5323-5337., articleTitle=The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031698481704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=8924, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=QI X W, ZHANG F, WU H, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference= QI X W, ZHANG F, WU H, et al. Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) expression and prognosis in solid cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 8924., articleTitle=Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) expression and prognosis in solid cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031773979177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=101, issue=38, pageStart=13885, pageEnd=13890, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=OKA Y, TSUBOI A, TAGUCHI T, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKA Y, TSUBOI A, TAGUCHI T, et al. Induction of WT1 (Wilms’ tumor gene)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by WT1 peptide vaccine and the resultant cancer regression[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101(38): 13885-13890., articleTitle=Induction of WT1 (Wilms’ tumor gene)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by WT1 peptide vaccine and the resultant cancer regression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031849476651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=224, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=MASLAK P G, TAO D, BERNAL Y, journalName=Blood Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MASLAK P G, TAO D, BERNAL Y, et al. Phase 2 trial of a multivalent WT1 peptide vaccine (galinpepimut-S) in acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood Advances, 2018, 2(3): 224-234., articleTitle=Phase 2 trial of a multivalent WT1 peptide vaccine (galinpepimut-S) in acute myeloid leukemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892031945945644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=113, issue=26, pageStart=6541, pageEnd=6548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=KEILHOLZ U, LETSCH A, BUSSE A, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KEILHOLZ U, LETSCH A, BUSSE A, et al. A clinical and immunologic phase 2 trial of Wilms tumor gene product 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in patients with AML and MDS[J]. Blood, 2009, 113(26): 6541-6548., articleTitle=A clinical and immunologic phase 2 trial of Wilms tumor gene product 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in patients with AML and MDS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032004665902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=130, issue=15, pageStart=1713, pageEnd=1721, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=ANGUILLE S, VAN DE VELDE A L, SMITS E L, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ANGUILLE S, VAN DE VELDE A L, SMITS E L, et al. Dendritic cell vaccination as postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 2017, 130(15): 1713-1721., articleTitle=Dendritic cell vaccination as postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032092746287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=31, issue=19, pageStart=2396, pageEnd=2403, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=VANSTEENKISTE J, ZIELINSKI M, LINDER A, journalName=Journal of Clinical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= VANSTEENKISTE J, ZIELINSKI M, LINDER A, et al. Adjuvant MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: phase Ⅱ randomized study results[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2013, 31(19): 2396-2403., articleTitle=Adjuvant MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: phase Ⅱ randomized study results, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032185020978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=31, issue=19, pageStart=2413, pageEnd=2420, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=KRUIT W H J, SUCIU S, DRENO B, journalName=Journal of Clinical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KRUIT W H J, SUCIU S, DRENO B, et al. Selection of immunostimulant AS15 for active immunization with MAGE-A3 protein: results of a randomized phase Ⅱ study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group in Metastatic Melanoma[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2013, 31(19): 2413-2420., articleTitle=Selection of immunostimulant AS15 for active immunization with MAGE-A3 protein: results of a randomized phase Ⅱ study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group in Metastatic Melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032277295668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=SLINGLUFF C L, LEWIS K D, ANDTBACKA R, journalName=Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SLINGLUFF C L, LEWIS K D, ANDTBACKA R, et al. Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of seviprotimut-L polyvalent melanoma vaccine in patients with post-resection melanoma at high risk of recurrence[J]. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2021, 9(10): e003272., articleTitle=Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of seviprotimut-L polyvalent melanoma vaccine in patients with post-resection melanoma at high risk of recurrence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032424096311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=THOMAS R, AL-KHADAIRI G, ROELANDS J, journalName=Frontiers in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= THOMAS R, AL-KHADAIRI G, ROELANDS J, et al. NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy of cancer: current perspectives[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2018, 9: 947., articleTitle=NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy of cancer: current perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032495399481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=6, issue=232, pageStart=232ra51, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=DHODAPKAR M V, SZNOL M, ZHAO B W, journalName=Science Translational Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= DHODAPKAR M V, SZNOL M, ZHAO B W, et al. Induction of antigen-specific immunity with a vaccine targeting NY-ESO-1 to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205[J]. Science Translational Medicine, 2014, 6(232): 232ra51., articleTitle=Induction of antigen-specific immunity with a vaccine targeting NY-ESO-1 to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032587674172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=2, pageStart=285, pageEnd=298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=GASSER O, SHARPLES K J, BARROW C, journalName=Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GASSER O, SHARPLES K J, BARROW C, et al. A phase Ⅰ vaccination study with dendritic cells loaded with NY-ESO-1 and α-galactosylceramide: induction of polyfunctional T cells in high-risk melanoma patients[J]. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2018, 67(2): 285-298., articleTitle=A phase Ⅰ vaccination study with dendritic cells loaded with NY-ESO-1 and α-galactosylceramide: induction of polyfunctional T cells in high-risk melanoma patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032734474814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=104, issue=31, pageStart=12837, pageEnd=12842, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=ODUNSI K, QIAN F, MATSUZAKI J, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ODUNSI K, QIAN F, MATSUZAKI J, et al. Vaccination with an NY-ESO-1 peptide of HLA class Ⅰ/Ⅱ specificities induces integrated humoral and T cell responses in ovarian cancer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(31): 12837-12842., articleTitle=Vaccination with an NY-ESO-1 peptide of HLA class Ⅰ/Ⅱ specificities induces integrated humoral and T cell responses in ovarian cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032864498240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=27, issue=7, pageStart=1241, pageEnd=1248, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=MITTENDORF E A, ARDAVANIS A, SYMANOWSKI J, journalName=Annals of Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MITTENDORF E A, ARDAVANIS A, SYMANOWSKI J, et al. Primary analysis of a prospective, randomized, single-blinded phase Ⅱ trial evaluating the HER2 peptide AE37 vaccine in breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence[J]. Annals of Oncology, 2016, 27(7): 1241-1248., articleTitle=Primary analysis of a prospective, randomized, single-blinded phase Ⅱ trial evaluating the HER2 peptide AE37 vaccine in breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892032965161538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=14, pageStart=4248, pageEnd=4254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=MITTENDORF E A, LU B, MELISKO M, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MITTENDORF E A, LU B, MELISKO M, et al. Efficacy and safety analysis of nelipepimut-S vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence: a randomized, multicenter, phase Ⅲ clinical trial[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2019, 25(14): 4248-4254., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety analysis of nelipepimut-S vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence: a randomized, multicenter, phase Ⅲ clinical trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033082602052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=1, issue=null, pageStart=100017, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=42, authorNames=LIN M H, SHEN K Y, LIU B S, journalName=Vaccine: Ⅹ, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIN M H, SHEN K Y, LIU B S, et al. Immunological evaluation of a novel HLA-A2 restricted phosphopeptide of tumor associated antigen, TRAP1, on cancer therapy[J]. Vaccine: Ⅹ, 2019, 1: 100017., articleTitle=Immunological evaluation of a novel HLA-A2 restricted phosphopeptide of tumor associated antigen, TRAP1, on cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033212625478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=11, pageStart=2515, pageEnd=2523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=43, authorNames=CLIFTON G T, HALE D, VREELAND T J, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CLIFTON G T, HALE D, VREELAND T J, et al. Results of a randomized phase Ⅱb trial of nelipepimut-S+trastuzumab versus trastuzumab to prevent recurrences in patients with high-risk HER2 low-expressing breast cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2020, 26(11): 2515-2523., articleTitle=Results of a randomized phase Ⅱb trial of nelipepimut-S+trastuzumab versus trastuzumab to prevent recurrences in patients with high-risk HER2 low-expressing breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033325871688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=15, issue=5, pageStart=1491, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=44, authorNames=COX K E, LIU S L, LWIN T M, journalName=Cancers, refType=null, unstructuredReference= COX K E, LIU S L, LWIN T M, et al. The mucin family of proteins: candidates as potential biomarkers for colon cancer[J]. Cancers, 2023, 15(5): 1491., articleTitle=The mucin family of proteins: candidates as potential biomarkers for colon cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033489449546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=1445, pageEnd=1449, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=PACILIO C, ROSATI G, CRISPO A, journalName=In Vivo, refType=null, unstructuredReference= PACILIO C, ROSATI G, CRISPO A, et al. An overview of the roles of CDK4/6 inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer elderly patients[J]. In Vivo, 2023, 37(4): 1445-1449., articleTitle=An overview of the roles of CDK4/6 inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer elderly patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033611084364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=5_suppl, pageStart=206, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=46, authorNames=CHUNG V M, KOS F, HARDWICK N, journalName=Journal of Clinical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHUNG V M, KOS F, HARDWICK N, et al. A phase 1 study of p53MVA vaccine in combination with pembrolizumab[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2018, 36(5_suppl): 206., articleTitle=A phase 1 study of p53MVA vaccine in combination with pembrolizumab, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033678193230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=47, authorNames=KIM C, LIU S V, SUBRAMANIAM D S, journalName=Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KIM C, LIU S V, SUBRAMANIAM D S, et al. Phase Ⅰ study of the 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate (lutathera) in combination with nivolumab in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung[J]. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2020, 8(2): e000980., articleTitle=Phase Ⅰ study of the 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate (lutathera) in combination with nivolumab in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033778856528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=878, pageEnd=887, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=48, authorNames=ANTONIA S J, MIRZA N, FRICKE I, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ANTONIA S J, MIRZA N, FRICKE I, et al. Combination of p53 cancer vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2006, 12(3 Pt 1): 878-887., articleTitle=Combination of p53 cancer vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033837576786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=1315, pageEnd=1325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=49, authorNames=HARDWICK N R, FRANKEL P, RUEL C, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HARDWICK N R, FRANKEL P, RUEL C, et al. p53-Reactive T cells are associated with clinical benefit in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer after treatment with a p53 vaccine and gemcitabine chemotherapy[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2018, 24(6): 1315-1325., articleTitle=p53-Reactive T cells are associated with clinical benefit in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer after treatment with a p53 vaccine and gemcitabine chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892033908879956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=1086, pageEnd=1095, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=50, authorNames=SPEETJENS F M, KUPPEN P J K, WELTERS M J P, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SPEETJENS F M, KUPPEN P J K, WELTERS M J P, et al. Induction of p53-specific immunity by a p53 synthetic long peptide vaccine in patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(3): 1086-1095., articleTitle=Induction of p53-specific immunity by a p53 synthetic long peptide vaccine in patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034026320471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=363, pageEnd=372, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=51, authorNames=CHUNG V, KOS F J, HARDWICK N, journalName=Clinical & Translational Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHUNG V, KOS F J, HARDWICK N, et al. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of p53MVA vaccine combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid cancers[J]. Clinical & Translational Oncology, 2019, 21(3): 363-372., articleTitle=Evaluation of safety and efficacy of p53MVA vaccine combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid cancers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034131178073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=52, authorNames=QUANDT J, SCHLUDE C, BARTOSCHEK M, journalName=Oncoimmunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= QUANDT J, SCHLUDE C, BARTOSCHEK M, et al. Long-peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and Kras induces cancer mutation-specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses[J]. Oncoimmunology, 2018, 7(12): e1500671., articleTitle=Long-peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and Kras induces cancer mutation-specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034215064155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=12, pageStart=2212, pageEnd=2223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=53, authorNames=KJELDSEN J W, LORENTZEN C L, MARTINENAITE E, journalName=Nature Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KJELDSEN J W, LORENTZEN C L, MARTINENAITE E, et al. A phase 1/2 trial of an immune-modulatory vaccine against IDO/PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in metastatic melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 2021, 27(12): 2212-2223., articleTitle=A phase 1/2 trial of an immune-modulatory vaccine against IDO/PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in metastatic melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034298950237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=348, issue=6230, pageStart=69, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=54, authorNames=SCHUMACHER T N, SCHREIBER R D, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SCHUMACHER T N, SCHREIBER R D. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6230): 69-74., articleTitle=Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034416390752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=9, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=55, authorNames=XIE N, SHEN G B, GAO W, journalName=Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XIE N, SHEN G B, GAO W, et al. Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy[J]. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2023, 8(1): 9., articleTitle=Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034529636963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=48, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=56, authorNames=WANG L, SHAMARDANI K, BABIKIR H, journalName=Genome Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WANG L, SHAMARDANI K, BABIKIR H, et al. The evolution of alternative splicing in glioblastoma under therapy[J]. Genome Biology, 2021, 22(1): 48., articleTitle=The evolution of alternative splicing in glioblastoma under therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034613523045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=9, pageStart=1448, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=57, authorNames=JUHARI W K W, AHMAD AMIN NOORDIN K B, ZAKARIA A D, journalName=Genes, refType=null, unstructuredReference= JUHARI W K W, AHMAD AMIN NOORDIN K B, ZAKARIA A D, et al. Whole-genome profiles of Malay colorectal cancer patients with intact MMR proteins[J]. Genes, 2021, 12(9): 1448., articleTitle=Whole-genome profiles of Malay colorectal cancer patients with intact MMR proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034764517992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=373, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=58, authorNames=HANSEN U K, RAMSKOV S, BJERREGAARD A M, journalName=Frontiers in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HANSEN U K, RAMSKOV S, BJERREGAARD A M, et al. Tumor-infiltrating T cells from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients recognize neoepitopes derived from point and frameshift mutations[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 373., articleTitle=Tumor-infiltrating T cells from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients recognize neoepitopes derived from point and frameshift mutations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034831626859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=184, issue=15, pageStart=4032, pageEnd=4047.e31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=59, authorNames=LU S X, NEEF E D, THOMAS J D, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LU S X, NEEF E D, THOMAS J D, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(15): 4032-4047.e31., articleTitle=Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034907124333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=60, authorNames=DAO T, MUN S S, MOLVI Z, journalName=JCI Insight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAO T, MUN S S, MOLVI Z, et al. A TCR mimic monoclonal antibody reactive with the “public” phospho-neoantigen pIRS2/HLA-A*02: 01 complex[J]. JCI Insight, 2022, 7(5): e151624., articleTitle=A TCR mimic monoclonal antibody reactive with the “public” phospho-neoantigen pIRS2/HLA-A*02: 01 complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892034957455983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=739695, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=61, authorNames=KRUMP N A, YOU J X, journalName=Frontiers in Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KRUMP N A, YOU J X. From merkel cell polyomavirus infection to merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 739695., articleTitle=From merkel cell polyomavirus infection to merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035058119281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=61, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=62, authorNames=ZHANG W T, ZHU G L, XU W Q, journalName=Diagnostic Pathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG W T, ZHU G L, XU W Q, et al. Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein: Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer[J]. Diagnostic Pathology, 2022, 17(1): 61., articleTitle=Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein: Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035112645235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2019, issue=null, pageStart=3257939, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=63, authorNames=CHAN C K, AIMAGAMBETOVA G, UKYBASSOVA T, journalName=Journal of Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHAN C K, AIMAGAMBETOVA G, UKYBASSOVA T, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: epidemiology, screening, and vaccination-review of current perspectives[J]. Journal of Oncology, 2019, 2019: 3257939., articleTitle=Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: epidemiology, screening, and vaccination-review of current perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035192337013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1687, pageEnd=1707, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=64, authorNames=PURCELL A W, RAMARATHINAM S H, TERNETTE N, journalName=Nature Protocols, refType=null, unstructuredReference= PURCELL A W, RAMARATHINAM S H, TERNETTE N. Mass spectrometry-based identification of MHC-bound peptides for immunopeptidomics[J]. Nature Protocols, 2019, 14: 1687-1707., articleTitle=Mass spectrometry-based identification of MHC-bound peptides for immunopeptidomics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035263640183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=132, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=65, authorNames=KRISTENSEN N P, HEEKE C, TVINGSHOLM S A, journalName=The Journal of Clinical Investigation, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KRISTENSEN N P, HEEKE C, TVINGSHOLM S A, et al. Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells affect clinical outcome of adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2022, 132(2): e150535., articleTitle=Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells affect clinical outcome of adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035385275001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=1935, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=66, authorNames=HOLM J S, FUNT S A, BORCH A, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HOLM J S, FUNT S A, BORCH A, et al. Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the peripheral blood following PD-L1 blockade might predict therapy outcome in metastatic urothelial carcinoma[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 1935., articleTitle=Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the peripheral blood following PD-L1 blockade might predict therapy outcome in metastatic urothelial carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035452383867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1105420, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=67, authorNames=BISWAS N, CHAKRABARTI S, PADUL V, journalName=Frontiers in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BISWAS N, CHAKRABARTI S, PADUL V, et al. Designing neoantigen cancer vaccines, trials, and outcomes[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1105420., articleTitle=Designing neoantigen cancer vaccines, trials, and outcomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035515298429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=D1, pageStart=D339, pageEnd=D343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=68, authorNames=VITA R, MAHAJAN S, OVERTON J A, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= VITA R, MAHAJAN S, OVERTON J A, et al. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2019, 47(D1): D339-D343., articleTitle=The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035582407295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2019, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=69, authorNames=ZHOU W J, QU Z, SONG C Y, journalName=Database, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHOU W J, QU Z, SONG C Y, et al. NeoPeptide: an immunoinformatic database of T-cell-defined neoantigens[J]. Database, 2019, 2019: baz128., articleTitle=NeoPeptide: an immunoinformatic database of T-cell-defined neoantigens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035670487681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=248, pageEnd=262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=70, authorNames=CHAROENTONG P, FINOTELLO F, ANGELOVA M, journalName=Cell Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHAROENTONG P, FINOTELLO F, ANGELOVA M, et al. Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade[J]. Cell Reports, 2017, 18(1): 248-262., articleTitle=Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035745985155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=16, issue=4, pageStart=276, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=71, authorNames=WU J C, ZHAO W Y, ZHOU B B, journalName=Genomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WU J C, ZHAO W Y, ZHOU B B, et al. TSNAdb: a database for tumor-specific neoantigens from immunogenomics data analysis[J]. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2018, 16(4): 276-282., articleTitle=TSNAdb: a database for tumor-specific neoantigens from immunogenomics data analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035838259845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=383, issue=21, pageStart=2018, pageEnd=2029, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=72, authorNames=SHAW A T, BAUER T M, MARINIS F D, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SHAW A T, BAUER T M, MARINIS F D, et al. First-line lorlatinib or crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, 383(21): 2018-2029., articleTitle=First-line lorlatinib or crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035905368711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=377, issue=9, pageStart=829, pageEnd=838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=73, authorNames=PETERS S, CAMIDGE D R, SHAW A T, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= PETERS S, CAMIDGE D R, SHAW A T, et al. Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2017, 377(9): 829-838., articleTitle=Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892035955700361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=379, issue=21, pageStart=2027, pageEnd=2039, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=74, authorNames=CAMIDGE D R, KIM H R, AHN M J, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CAMIDGE D R, KIM H R, AHN M J, et al. Brigatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2018, 379(21): 2027-2039., articleTitle=Brigatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036031197835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=363, issue=18, pageStart=1693, pageEnd=1703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=75, authorNames=KWAK E L, BANG Y J, CAMIDGE D R, journalName=The New England Journal of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KWAK E L, BANG Y J, CAMIDGE D R, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010, 363(18): 1693-1703., articleTitle=Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036131861133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=18, issue=7, pageStart=874, pageEnd=886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=77, rfOrder=76, authorNames=SHAW A T, KIM T M, CRINÒ L, journalName=The Lancet Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SHAW A T, KIM T M, CRINÒ L, et al. Ceritinib versus chemotherapy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer previously given chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2017, 18(7): 874-886., articleTitle=Ceritinib versus chemotherapy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer previously given chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036224135823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=16, issue=13, pageStart=e510, pageEnd=e521, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=77, authorNames=ZHANG I, ZAORSKY N G, PALMER J D, journalName=The Lancet Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHANG I, ZAORSKY N G, PALMER J D, et al. Targeting brain metastases in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2015, 16(13): e510-e521., articleTitle=Targeting brain metastases in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036299633297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=34, issue=2, pageStart=123, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=78, authorNames=JOHUNG K L, YEH N, DESAI N B, journalName=Journal of Clinical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= JOHUNG K L, YEH N, DESAI N B, et al. Extended survival and prognostic factors for patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer and brain metastasis[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2016, 34(2): 123-129., articleTitle=Extended survival and prognostic factors for patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer and brain metastasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036362547858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=7, pageStart=1016, pageEnd=1035, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=79, authorNames=MOTA I, PATRUCCO E, MASTINI C, journalName=Nature Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MOTA I, PATRUCCO E, MASTINI C, et al. ALK peptide vaccination restores the immunogenicity of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Nature Cancer, 2023, 4(7): 1016-1035., articleTitle=ALK peptide vaccination restores the immunogenicity of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036442239636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1155637, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=81, rfOrder=80, authorNames=CHOI Y M, KIM D H, JANG J, journalName=Frontiers in Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHOI Y M, KIM D H, JANG J, et al. A hepatitis B virus-derived peptide combined with HBsAg exerts an anti-HBV effect in an HBV transgenic mouse model as a therapeutic vaccine[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1155637., articleTitle=A hepatitis B virus-derived peptide combined with HBsAg exerts an anti-HBV effect in an HBV transgenic mouse model as a therapeutic vaccine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036505154198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=10, pageStart=1678, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=81, authorNames=SURI S, DAKSHANAMURTHY S, journalName=Vaccines, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SURI S, DAKSHANAMURTHY S. IntegralVac: a machine learning-based comprehensive multivalent epitope vaccine design method[J]. Vaccines, 2022, 10(10): 1678., articleTitle=IntegralVac: a machine learning-based comprehensive multivalent epitope vaccine design method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036605817496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=515, pageEnd=525, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=83, rfOrder=82, authorNames=HU Z T, LEET D E, ALLESØE R L, journalName=Nature Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HU Z T, LEET D E, ALLESØE R L, et al. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 2021, 27(3): 515-525., articleTitle=Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036685509274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=13, pageStart=3649, pageEnd=3660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=83, authorNames=WIEDERMANN U, GARNER-SPITZER E, CHAO Y E, journalName=Clinical Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WIEDERMANN U, GARNER-SPITZER E, CHAO Y E, et al. Clinical and immunologic responses to a B-cell epitope vaccine in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing advanced gastric cancer-results from phase ib trial IMU.ACS.001[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2021, 27(13): 3649-3660., articleTitle=Clinical and immunologic responses to a B-cell epitope vaccine in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing advanced gastric cancer-results from phase ib trial IMU.ACS.001, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036752618140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=200, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=84, authorNames=PANDYA A, SHAH Y, KOTHARI N, journalName=Medical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= PANDYA A, SHAH Y, KOTHARI N, et al. The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way[J]. Medical Oncology, 2023, 40(7): 200., articleTitle=The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036865864350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=32, pageStart=4015, pageEnd=4024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=86, rfOrder=85, authorNames=STRIOGA M M, DARINSKAS A, PASUKONIENE V, journalName=Vaccine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= STRIOGA M M, DARINSKAS A, PASUKONIENE V, et al. Xenogeneic therapeutic cancer vaccines as breakers of immune tolerance for clinical application: to use or not to use?[J]. Vaccine, 2014, 32(32): 4015-4024., articleTitle=Xenogeneic therapeutic cancer vaccines as breakers of immune tolerance for clinical application: to use or not to use?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036924584608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=99, pageEnd=122, url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/82_2014_426, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=86, authorNames=RICCARDO F, BOLLI E, MACAGNO M, journalName=Current topics in microbiology and immunology: cancer vaccines, refType=null, unstructuredReference= RICCARDO F, BOLLI E, MACAGNO M, et al. Chimeric DNA vaccines: an effective way to overcome immune tolerance[M/OL]//SAVELYEVA N, OTTENSMEIER C. Current topics in microbiology and immunology: cancer vaccines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014: 99-122 [2023-12-01]., articleTitle=Chimeric DNA vaccines: an effective way to overcome immune tolerance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892036983304866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=112, issue=null, pageStart=93, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=87, authorNames=SAFAVI A, KEFAYAT A, ABIRI A, journalName=Molecular Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SAFAVI A, KEFAYAT A, ABIRI A, et al. In silico analysis of transmembrane protein 31 (TMEM31) antigen to design novel multiepitope peptide and DNA cancer vaccines against melanoma[J]. Molecular Immunology, 2019, 112: 93-102., articleTitle=In silico analysis of transmembrane protein 31 (TMEM31) antigen to design novel multiepitope peptide and DNA cancer vaccines against melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037092356772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=89, rfOrder=88, authorNames=LI L J, ZHANG X L, WANG X L, journalName=Genome Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LI L J, ZHANG X L, WANG X L, et al. Optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines elicit neoantigen-specific immune responses in preclinical models and in clinical translation[J]. Genome Medicine, 2021, 13(1): 56., articleTitle=Optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines elicit neoantigen-specific immune responses in preclinical models and in clinical translation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037251740326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=69, issue=2, pageStart=80, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=90, rfOrder=89, authorNames=DURÁNTEZ M, LÓPEZ-VÁZQUEZ A B, DE CERIO A L D, journalName=Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= DURÁNTEZ M, LÓPEZ-VÁZQUEZ A B, DE CERIO A L D, et al. Induction of multiepitopic and long-lasting immune responses against tumour antigens by immunization with peptides, DNA and recombinant adenoviruses expressing minigenes[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2009, 69(2): 80-89., articleTitle=Induction of multiepitopic and long-lasting immune responses against tumour antigens by immunization with peptides, DNA and recombinant adenoviruses expressing minigenes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037398540968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=565, issue=7738, pageStart=234, pageEnd=239, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=91, rfOrder=90, authorNames=KESKIN D B, ANANDAPPA A J, SUN J, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KESKIN D B, ANANDAPPA A J, SUN J, et al. Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial[J]. Nature, 2019, 565(7738): 234-239., articleTitle=Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037461455529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=91, authorNames=MIAO L, ZHANG Y, HUANG L, journalName=Molecular Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference= MIAO L, ZHANG Y, HUANG L. mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapy[J]. Molecular Cancer, 2021, 20(1): 41., articleTitle=mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037557924523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=1499, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=35, url=https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_2, language=null, rfNumber=93, rfOrder=92, authorNames=TEWS B A, MEYERS G, journalName=Methods in molecular Biology: RNA vaccines, refType=null, unstructuredReference= TEWS B A, MEYERS G. Self-replicating RNA[M/OL]//KRAMPS T, ELBERS K. Methods in molecular Biology: RNA vaccines. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017, 1499: 15-35 [2023-12-01]., articleTitle=Self-replicating RNA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037641810605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=73, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=94, rfOrder=93, authorNames=SIEGEL R L, MILLER K D, WAGLE N S, journalName=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SIEGEL R L, MILLER K D, WAGLE N S, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2023, 73(1): 17-48., articleTitle=Cancer statistics, 2023, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037713113775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=35848, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=95, rfOrder=94, authorNames=BAILEY P, CHANG D K, FORGET M A, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BAILEY P, CHANG D K, FORGET M A, et al. Exploiting the neoantigen landscape for immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 35848., articleTitle=Exploiting the neoantigen landscape for immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037776028337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=551, issue=7681, pageStart=512, pageEnd=516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=96, rfOrder=95, authorNames=BALACHANDRAN V P, ŁUKSZA M, ZHAO J N, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BALACHANDRAN V P, ŁUKSZA M, ZHAO J N, et al. Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2017, 551(7681): 512-516., articleTitle=Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037847331507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=606, issue=7913, pageStart=389, pageEnd=395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=97, rfOrder=96, authorNames=ŁUKSZA M, SETHNA Z M, ROJAS L A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ŁUKSZA M, SETHNA Z M, ROJAS L A, et al. Neoantigen quality predicts immunoediting in survivors of pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2022, 606(7913): 389-395., articleTitle=Neoantigen quality predicts immunoediting in survivors of pancreatic cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892037927023284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=618, issue=7963, pageStart=144, pageEnd=150, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=98, rfOrder=97, authorNames=ROJAS L A, SETHNA Z, SOARES K C, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ROJAS L A, SETHNA Z, SOARES K C, et al. Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2023, 618(7963): 144-150., articleTitle=Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038002520758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=4, pageStart=489, pageEnd=496, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=99, rfOrder=98, authorNames=KUAI R, OCHYL L J, BAHJAT K S, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KUAI R, OCHYL L J, BAHJAT K S, et al. Designer vaccine nanodiscs for personalized cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(4): 489-496., articleTitle=Designer vaccine nanodiscs for personalized cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038094795447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=26, issue=13, pageStart=1626, pageEnd=1637, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=100, rfOrder=99, authorNames=SCHLOSSER E, MUELLER M, FISCHER S, journalName=Vaccine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SCHLOSSER E, MUELLER M, FISCHER S, et al. TLR ligands and antigen need to be coencapsulated into the same biodegradable microsphere for the generation of potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses[J]. Vaccine, 2008, 26(13): 1626-1637., articleTitle=TLR ligands and antigen need to be coencapsulated into the same biodegradable microsphere for the generation of potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038149321400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=135, issue=6, pageStart=2044, pageEnd=2047, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=101, rfOrder=100, authorNames=FISCHER N O, RASLEY A, CORZETT M, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FISCHER N O, RASLEY A, CORZETT M, et al. Colocalized delivery of adjuvant and antigen using nanolipoprotein particles enhances the immune response to recombinant antigens[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(6): 2044-2047., articleTitle=Colocalized delivery of adjuvant and antigen using nanolipoprotein particles enhances the immune response to recombinant antigens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038229013178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=2935, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=102, rfOrder=101, authorNames=KOERNER J, HORVATH D, HERRMANN V L, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= KOERNER J, HORVATH D, HERRMANN V L, et al. PLGA-particle vaccine carrying TLR3/RIG-I ligand Riboxxim synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for effective anti-cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 2935., articleTitle=PLGA-particle vaccine carrying TLR3/RIG-I ligand Riboxxim synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for effective anti-cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038283539131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=null, pageStart=146, pageEnd=155, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=103, rfOrder=102, authorNames=HEIDEGGER S, KREPPEL D, BSCHEIDER M, journalName=EBioMedicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HEIDEGGER S, KREPPEL D, BSCHEIDER M, et al. RIG-I activating immunostimulatory RNA boosts the efficacy of anticancer vaccines and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade[J]. EBioMedicine, 2019, 41: 146-155., articleTitle=RIG-I activating immunostimulatory RNA boosts the efficacy of anticancer vaccines and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038342259389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=1785, pageEnd=1798, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=104, rfOrder=103, authorNames=LI W Z, LIU J Q, CHEN M, journalName=Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LI W Z, LIU J Q, CHEN M, et al. Circular RNA in cancer development and immune regulation[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2022, 26(6): 1785-1798., articleTitle=Circular RNA in cancer development and immune regulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038442922687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=564, issue=null, pageStart=216219, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=105, rfOrder=104, authorNames=YU L L, XIAO Q, YU B, journalName=Cancer Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= YU L L, XIAO Q, YU B, et al. CircRNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy: perspectives from innate and adaptive immunity[J]. Cancer Letters, 2023, 564: 216219., articleTitle=CircRNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy: perspectives from innate and adaptive immunity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038547780288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=348, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=68, url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S193764481930067X?via%3Dihub, language=null, rfNumber=106, rfOrder=105, authorNames=BALAN S, SAXENA M, BHARDWAJ N, journalName=International review of cell and molecular biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BALAN S, SAXENA M, BHARDWAJ N. Dendritic cell subsets and locations[M/OL]//International review of cell and molecular biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2019, 348: 1-68 [2023-12-01]., articleTitle=Dendritic cell subsets and locations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038640054978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=179, issue=4, pageStart=1109, pageEnd=1118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=107, rfOrder=106, authorNames=SALLUSTO F, LANZAVECCHIA A, journalName=The Journal of Experimental Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SALLUSTO F, LANZAVECCHIA A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha[J]. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1994, 179(4): 1109-1118., articleTitle=Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038707163843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=112, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=108, rfOrder=107, authorNames=LIAU L M, ASHKAN K, BREM S, journalName=JAMA Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIAU L M, ASHKAN K, BREM S, et al. Association of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination with extension of survival among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 3 prospective externally controlled cohort trial[J]. JAMA Oncology, 2023, 9(1): 112-121., articleTitle=Association of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination with extension of survival among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 3 prospective externally controlled cohort trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038812021445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=145, issue=24, pageStart=13027, pageEnd=13037, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=109, rfOrder=108, authorNames=GABBA A, ATTARIYA R, BEHREN S, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference= GABBA A, ATTARIYA R, BEHREN S, et al. MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine modified with a GalNAc glycocluster targets the macrophage galactose C-type lectin on dendritic cells to elicit an improved humoral response[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2023, 145(24): 13027-13037., articleTitle=MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine modified with a GalNAc glycocluster targets the macrophage galactose C-type lectin on dendritic cells to elicit an improved humoral response, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038929461959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=5, pageStart=531, pageEnd=540, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=110, rfOrder=109, authorNames=LIU C, LIU X, XIANG X C, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU C, LIU X, XIANG X C, et al. A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2022, 17(5): 531-540., articleTitle=A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892038996570825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=450, pageEnd=457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=110, authorNames=SOLIMAN H, HOGUE D, HAN H, journalName=Nature Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SOLIMAN H, HOGUE D, HAN H, et al. Oncolytic T-VEC virotherapy plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 trial[J]. Nature Medicine, 2023, 29(2): 450-457., articleTitle=Oncolytic T-VEC virotherapy plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892039051096779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=7466, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=111, authorNames=ZHU J M, KE Y H, LIU Q, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHU J M, KE Y H, LIU Q, et al. Engineered Lactococcus lactis secreting Flt3L and OX40 ligand for in situ vaccination-based cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 7466., articleTitle=Engineered Lactococcus lactis secreting Flt3L and OX40 ligand for in situ vaccination-based cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172892039130788557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=6, issue=1, pageStart=44, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=113, rfOrder=112, authorNames=WANG W G, XU H H, YE Q S, journalName=Nature Biomedical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WANG W G, XU H H, YE Q S, et al. Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria[J]. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2022, 6(1): 44-53., articleTitle=Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172892028103963115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, awardId=2019YFA0906003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0906003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172892028192043500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, awardId=81972368, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81972368), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172892028305289712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, awardId=2021JC06Y578, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省培养高层次人才特殊支持计划(2021JC06Y578), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172892024698188219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024702382524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024710771133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024698188219, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172892024769491390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024777879999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024769491390, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital,Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024794657216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024769491390, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 深圳大学第一附属医院,深圳市第二人民医院,泌尿外科,深圳转化医学研究院,广东 深圳 518035)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172892024853377473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024857571778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024853377473, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172892024874348995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, companyId=1172892024853377473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 广东省泌尿生殖肿瘤系统生物学与合成生物学重点实验室,广东 深圳 518035)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172892026761785818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Identification of neoantigens through transcriptome sequencing, exome sequencing, and LC-MS analysis, figureFileSmall=wU1/ZCXOLcR6XPpbpbSImg==, figureFileBig=VK2NU7jrJu1VabdBFApeqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892026841477595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新抗原鉴定主要方法(转录组测序、外显子测序及LC-MS分析), figureFileSmall=wU1/ZCXOLcR6XPpbpbSImg==, figureFileBig=VK2NU7jrJu1VabdBFApeqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892026908586460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Inhibition of tumor metastasis by ALK peptide vaccine characterized by the number of tested mice with metastatic tumors in their central nervous systems[72], figureFileSmall=jaVhrhOgw3kNDR8P9hnQew==, figureFileBig=eyXOxwnD4tXAZeQVJz8K/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027067970013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ALK 多肽疫苗抑制肿瘤转移效果72

(中枢神经系统转移肿瘤实验鼠数量的比例)

, figureFileSmall=jaVhrhOgw3kNDR8P9hnQew==, figureFileBig=eyXOxwnD4tXAZeQVJz8K/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027147661790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Immune response of the patients to the autogene cevumera vaccine88

(The number of vaccine-induced IFNγ+ T cells in PBMC collected from the patients after vaccination with new vaccine antigens. R0/R1 indicates surgical resection margin status. Adapted with permission from reference.)

, figureFileSmall=5+gwxqmBcxIdXCkFa9QfZQ==, figureFileBig=K6mt8WUvtoY5omsOyWuBRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027302851040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, label=图3, caption=病人对autogene cevumera疫苗的免疫反应88

(接种新疫苗抗原后,在患者体内收集的PBMC中疫苗诱导的IFNγ+ T细胞数量。R0/R1表示手术切除边缘的状态)

, figureFileSmall=5+gwxqmBcxIdXCkFa9QfZQ==, figureFileBig=K6mt8WUvtoY5omsOyWuBRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027604840933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Schematic diagram of the production of the FOLactis vaccine. Adapted with permission from reference[112], figureFileSmall=IUy1FYjI/4x2ho+dXJicXA==, figureFileBig=Zyyc1IR19UoNJ4Ez1ZaS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027713892840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, label=图4, caption=FOLactis疫苗合成过程112, figureFileSmall=IUy1FYjI/4x2ho+dXJicXA==, figureFileBig=Zyyc1IR19UoNJ4Ez1ZaS/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172892027835527657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification of cancer antigens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肿瘤抗原 抗原类型 表达位置 高丰度表达位置
肿瘤相关性抗原 高表达蛋白或者多肽 肿瘤或正常细胞 肿瘤
肿瘤种系抗原 肿瘤,生殖细胞 肿瘤,生殖细胞
肿瘤特异性抗原 肿瘤病毒 病毒性肿瘤 病毒性肿瘤
肿瘤新抗原 肿瘤 肿瘤
), ArticleFig(id=1172892027915219434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031712061968385, articleId=1148989443861701317, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

肿瘤抗原分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肿瘤抗原 抗原类型 表达位置 高丰度表达位置
肿瘤相关性抗原 高表达蛋白或者多肽 肿瘤或正常细胞 肿瘤
肿瘤种系抗原 肿瘤,生殖细胞 肿瘤,生殖细胞
肿瘤特异性抗原 肿瘤病毒 病毒性肿瘤 病毒性肿瘤
肿瘤新抗原 肿瘤 肿瘤
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125365342200512522, delFlag=0, nameCn=合成生物学, nameEn=Synthetic Biology Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2096-8280, eissn=2097-6364, cn=10-1687/Q, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=DYzLVLWmksc12pIVWhrf0A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Synth Biol J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1760953921208, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=生命科学, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=DYzLVLWmksc12pIVWhrf0A==, picEn=kDWgmVQ+b/F72HmoCsY5MQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1187090042657849503, language=CN, name=合成生物学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/, createdTime=1760953921236, updatedTime=1760953921236, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/CN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorCommitteeLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorCommitteeLogOn.action, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1187090042716569760, language=EN, name=Synthetic Biology Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/2096-8280/home.shtml, createdTime=1760953921250, updatedTime=1760953921250, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorCommitteeLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorCommitteeLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/Journalx_hcswx/editorCommitteeLogOn.action, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031712061968385, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202290737566, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031712061968385, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112753, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753514874044, updateBy=18614031015, name=《合成生物学》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=合成生物, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618543920345123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202290737566, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781601171, updateTime=1751781601171, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618543886790688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202290737566, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781601163, updateTime=1751781601163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618543861624863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202290737566, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=IIK1WsoboRPQeScWOsQYDA==, createTime=1751781601157, updateTime=1751781601157, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618543907762210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202290737566, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781601168, updateTime=1751781601168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618543899373601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202290737566, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781601166, updateTime=1751781601166, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155888775420067847, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031712061968385, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753514959438, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753514959438, updateBy=18614031015, name=《合成生物学》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Synthetic Biology Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155890707861725282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155888775420067847, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753515420165, updateTime=1753515420165, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155890707849142367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155888775420067847, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753515420162, updateTime=1753515420162, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155890707840753758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155888775420067847, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=IIK1WsoboRPQeScWOsQYDA==, createTime=1753515420160, updateTime=1753515420160, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155890707857530977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155888775420067847, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753515420164, updateTime=1753515420164, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155890707853336672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155888775420067847, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753515420163, updateTime=1753515420163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=合成生物学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Synthetic Biology Journal, journalPhotoCn=DYzLVLWmksc12pIVWhrf0A==, journalPhotoEn=kDWgmVQ+b/F72HmoCsY5MQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/CN/10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/EN/10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/CN/PDF/10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/EN/PDF/10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
合成生物学在肿瘤疫苗设计中的应用进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
方超 1 , 黄卫人 1, 2, 3
合成生物学 | 特约评述 2024,5(2): 239-253
收起
收藏切换
合成生物学 | 特约评述 2024, 5(2): 239-253
合成生物学在肿瘤疫苗设计中的应用进展
全屏
方超1 , 黄卫人1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035
  • 2 深圳大学第一附属医院,深圳市第二人民医院,泌尿外科,深圳转化医学研究院,广东 深圳 518035
  • 3 广东省泌尿生殖肿瘤系统生物学与合成生物学重点实验室,广东 深圳 518035
  • 方超(1990—),男,博士后。研究方向:(1)肿瘤合成生物学;(2)肿瘤表观遗传学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄卫人(1980—),男,研究员,博士生导师,深圳市转化医学研究院副院长。研究方向:(1)肿瘤基因组学,应用多组学手段鉴定肿瘤及微环境诊疗标志物,开发相关临床应用;(2)肿瘤类器官,利用体外培养系统还原肿瘤体内生长,药物筛选及耐药机制研究;(3)医学合成生物学,创新肿瘤治疗新方法。E-mail:
Progress with the application of synthetic biology in designing of cancer vaccines
Chao FANG1 , Weiren HUANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China
  • 2 Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital,Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China
  • 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors,Shenzhen 518035,Guangdong,China
出版时间: 2024-04-30 doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061
文章导航
收藏切换

根据中心法则和细胞免疫学原则,利用合成生物学设计和生产新型肿瘤疫苗代表了癌症免疫治疗中的一个重要途径。本文概述了利用合成生物学针对两个主要方面(抗原选择和疫苗设计)的创新治疗性肿瘤疫苗的最新研究进展。针对肿瘤相关或特定抗原,开发更精确和有效的肿瘤疫苗引起了广泛关注。传统方法在抗原选择中主要针对肿瘤中的特定基因,而以高通量测序及质谱为基础筛选新抗原的方法明显改善了疫苗的靶向性及免疫原性。在疫苗类别方面,与传统多肽疫苗相比,通过对DNA、mRNA、病毒/细菌、细胞的工程化修饰而成的新型疫苗显著扩大了肿瘤疫苗的范围,从而大幅增强了不同肿瘤疫苗的免疫效果。合成生物学的快速发展将加速对肿瘤疫苗的实验研究进度,最终导致临床治疗效果的持续增强。

肿瘤疫苗  /  新抗原  /  树突状细胞  /  细胞疫苗  /  合成生物学

The central dogma of biology, which delineates the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, along with the principles of cellular immunology, provides a foundational understanding for harnessing the power of synthetic biology to combat cancer. The application of synthetic biology in the design and production of novel tumor vaccines marks a pivotal advance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This study delves into the cutting-edge development in the creation of therapeutic tumor vaccines, with a particular focus on two critical components: antigen selection and vaccine design. The request for more precise and effective tumor vaccines has garnered the attention of researchers globally. These vaccines are designed to target tumor-specific antigens or those related to tumor growth and survival pathways. Traditional approaches to antigen selection have typically involved targeting specific genes with tumors. However, the advent of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry has revolutionized this process by enabling the screening of novel antigens, thereby enhancing the precision and immunogenicity of vaccines. In recent years, the landscape of tumor vaccines has been significantly broadened by the engineering of vaccines through various platforms. These include DNA-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines, viral or bacterial vector vaccines, and cell-based vaccines. These innovative approaches offer a stark contrast to traditional peptide vaccines, significantly amplifying the immune response against a variety of tumor types. The versatility of synthetic biology allows for the customization of vaccines to target a wide array of tumor antigens, thereby potentiating a more robust and targeted immune reaction. The progress made in synthetic biology is not only refining existing vaccine strategies but also accelerating the pace of experimental research in tumor vaccines. This rapid advancement holds the promise of continually improving the clinical therapeutic effects of these vaccines. As researchers continue to unravel the complexities of tumor immunology and synthetic biology techniques become more efficient, the intersection of these fields is expected to yield a new generation of tumor vaccines that are not only more effective but also safer and more accessible to patients. In conclusion, the integration of biological knowledge and technological innovation in synthetic biology is transforming the development of tumor vaccines. The focus on optimizing antigen selection and vaccine design is driving the creation of more potent and tailored immunotherapies. It is anticipated that synthetic biology will play an even greater role in enhancing the efficacy of tumor vaccines, offering cancer patients with hope in the ongoing battle against this devastating disease.

cancer vaccine  /  neoantigen  /  dendritic cell  /  DC vaccine  /  biosynthesis
方超, 黄卫人. 合成生物学在肿瘤疫苗设计中的应用进展. 合成生物学, 2024 , 5 (2) : 239 -253 . DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061
Chao FANG, Weiren HUANG. Progress with the application of synthetic biology in designing of cancer vaccines[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2024 , 5 (2) : 239 -253 . DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061
从15世纪中国人开始接种人痘来预防天花起,疫苗已成为重要的疾病预防手段,通过使用减毒或灭活病毒,使机体产生相应的抗体,从而获得免疫能力1。自1891年William Coley开始利用化脓性链球菌和黏质沙雷氏菌治疗肉瘤患者,疫苗不再仅限于预防,而扩展到治疗领域2
肿瘤疫苗作为一种肿瘤免疫治疗手段,其中一种是利用T细胞对肿瘤特异性抗原(tumor-specific antigen,TSA)或肿瘤相关性抗原(tumor-associated antigen,TAA)的免疫反应诱使其识别并杀灭肿瘤细胞。
目前,肿瘤疫苗主要分为五类:DNA疫苗、mRNA疫苗、多肽/蛋白疫苗、细胞疫苗、工程化病毒/细菌疫苗。DNA或mRNA疫苗、多肽疫苗和细胞疫苗在制备过程中都需要肿瘤细胞抗原的初步提取。其中,多肽疫苗的研究基础最为广泛。它们通过将肿瘤细胞产生的特异性多肽注入机体,使其被抗原呈递细胞吞噬处理后呈递给T细胞,从而激活免疫系统。相比之下,DNA或mRNA疫苗虽然同样瞄准肿瘤特异性或相关性抗原,但并不直接利用抗原刺激T细胞。相反,它们作为模板,使机体内自主合成多肽抗原,再通过抗原呈递细胞刺激T细胞3-4。与多肽疫苗相比,核酸抗原不能直接刺激抗原呈递细胞,因为它们需要在细胞核内被转录成mRNA,再在细胞质内被翻译成多肽。然而,不需要进行体外肽段合成使疫苗设计更为简单。此外,由于核酸的高容性,一段核酸内可以同时包含多个抗原编码序列,增加了疫苗的复杂度。细胞疫苗则多指树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)疫苗,DC本身即是抗原呈递细胞的一种,从患者体内提取树突状细胞进行体外培养后,使用抗原直接刺激这些细胞,使其负载抗原,再将其重新输入体内,机体内的T细胞就可以被含有肿瘤相关抗原或肿瘤特异性抗原的DC细胞直接激活和启动,从而产生对肿瘤细胞的免疫活性5。与核酸疫苗和多肽疫苗相比,DC疫苗完全绕过了体内抗原呈递的过程,转而在体外完成。因此,DC疫苗的效果要优于其他疫苗类型。然而,DC细胞的体外培养和体外抗原处理使得DC疫苗的生产成本远高于其他疫苗。因此,在选择疫苗种类时,有必要综合考虑疫苗的效果与成本。最后一种策略则是将抗原信息植入病毒或者细菌的基因组中,病毒与细菌有相对固定的免疫原性,工程化重组后作为载体能够渗透到免疫细胞中,从而触发T细胞的激活,启动抗肿瘤免疫应答6-7
合成生物学方法贯穿整个疫苗研发流程,即利用中心法则与细胞免疫原理,通过人为改变某些步骤,诱使T细胞攻击肿瘤细胞以达到治疗目的。
正确识别肿瘤抗原是肿瘤疫苗发挥作用的关键第一步。根据抗原在肿瘤及正常细胞中是否表达或者表达丰度可以将肿瘤抗原分为肿瘤特异性抗原和肿瘤相关性抗原。肿瘤特异性抗原的特点是特异性,这种抗原仅存在于肿瘤或者特定肿瘤细胞中,在正常组织细胞中并不存在;而肿瘤相关性抗原则在肿瘤或者正常细胞中均有表达,但是其表达丰度在肿瘤中相对较高。肿瘤抗原的识别依赖于主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC),抗原在与MHC分子结合后被T细胞所识别并引发免疫反应,从而对肿瘤细胞进行灭杀8。但事实上,目前已经发现肿瘤细胞能过通过多种方式来抵抗体内免疫细胞的灭杀,通过下调TAA或者TSA的表达来躲避T细胞的识别,或者通过高表达PD-L1抑制T细胞活性9-10
在过去的数年中,多个TAA或者TSA相继被发现,根据其来源不同也可以大致分为五类。其中第一类为以病毒为抗原的肿瘤,比如LMP1/2病毒为抗原的鼻咽癌抗原11、HPV E6/7病毒的宫颈癌抗原12-14,将E6/E7-质粒(VGX-3100)或者 E6/E7 FMS样酪氨酸激酶3配体质粒作为疫苗成功诱导T细胞免疫反应1315。gp100富集于黑素小体和黑色素瘤,其靶向有效性也在临床试验中得到证明,当靶向gp100时,T细胞免疫反应强烈,且患者生存时间增长16,并且与IL-2联用时,相比于只使用IL-2,多数患者T细胞的免疫反应显著更强烈17。前列腺酸性磷酸酶(PAP)在前列腺上皮细胞中和其他组织中有表达,其表达强度随着肿瘤进展而增强18。在多项细胞疫苗临床试验中,以PAP为靶的疫苗使患者提升了约4个月的寿命19。第二类为基因自身突变导致的过表达抗原。表皮生长因子受体变异体Ⅲ(epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ,EGFRvⅢ)是一种结构性活性的、体细胞突变的EGFR变异体,通常在恶性胶质瘤和非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中表达。临床实验也表明抗EGFRvⅢ的疫苗可以有效引起机体免疫应答20-24。柯尔斯滕大鼠肉瘤(KRAS)是参与细胞增殖和生存的主要癌基因,也是所有癌症中最常见的突变癌基因25-26。针对KRASG12C的mRNA疫苗(NCT03948763)、多肽疫苗(NCT04117087)、DC疫苗(NCT03592888)目前正进入临床试验中27。第三类是发育特异性抗原,例如促进肿瘤发生的转录因子WT128-29。WT1正常短肽以及HLA高亲和性变异肽段都能在白血病临床试验中引发免疫反应30-33。黑色素瘤相关抗原3(MAGE-A3)是一种具有抗细胞凋亡功能的肿瘤-睾丸抗原,在黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌和骨髓瘤中优先表达,多项临床试验表明MAGE-A3多肽疫苗成功诱导了抗肿瘤免疫反应,引发了CD4+ T细胞反应,并延长了患者生命34-36。纽约-食道癌-1(NY-ESO-1)同样也是一种肿瘤-睾丸抗原,在胚胎、性腺和癌细胞中有限制性表达,而在滑膜肉瘤中高表达,在黑色素瘤、卵巢癌和食道癌中特异性表达37,在联合使用结合抗NY-ESO-1(CDX-1401)与TLR激动剂后,大多数患者产生了CD8+T细胞反应,并伴随有肿瘤消退38-40。第四类则是组织特异性抗原。人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor,HER2/Neu)是一种EGFR家族成员激酶,在约30%的乳腺癌和一些的胃肠道和卵巢肿瘤中的表达强于正常组织。临床试验证明,当联合使用抗HLA-Ⅰ与抗HLA-Ⅱ多肽疫苗时,可以显著诱导CD4+与CD8+ T细胞的免疫反应41-44。黏蛋白(MUC1-MUC24)是一类参与细胞信号传导和屏障保护的糖蛋白家族,以MUC1为靶点的疫苗在肿瘤患者体内显示出了显著T细胞免疫活性45-46。第五类则是肿瘤富集的抗原。p53基因在约一半的癌症中发生突变,在肿瘤中经常丢失,但也存在有害的突变和过表达47-48。以p53为靶点的质粒疫苗、多肽疫苗、呈递细胞疫苗都显示出了显著的T细胞免疫活性4749-52。当以突变型p53为靶点时,使用对应的突变抗原显示出了比野生型更强的免疫活性53。吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1,IDO)与p53类似,IDO疫苗与PD-L1联用时显示出了强烈的T细胞免疫活性54
本文综述了近年来利用合成生物学方法进行治疗性肿瘤疫苗抗原靶向、疫苗设计的前沿进展,有望为以后肿瘤疫苗的设计生产提供借鉴。
由于TAA不具有肿瘤特异性,很难引起较强的免疫反应,基于TAA的肿瘤细胞识别势必会误伤一部分正常细胞。而TSA几乎不存在于人类原生蛋白组内,使得其可以避开淋巴器官中的T细胞中枢免疫耐受。由于肿瘤病毒仅局限于少数几种癌症,因此对于肿瘤新抗原(neoantigen)的筛选成为对肿瘤细胞识别的一种有效手段55。新抗原的产生大致有四种方式:基因组突变,转录异常,翻译后修饰异常,病毒56。单碱基突变是最常见的产生新抗原的基因组突变,肿瘤患者可能会有高达数百个位点的单碱基突变,而平均每个患者会产生超过100个由此引发的潜在新抗原57。碱基插入或缺失则是另一类能产生有效新抗原的方式。该突变经常会导致基因开放阅读框的改变,因此可以产生更多种类的新抗原58。例如在肾透明细胞癌中,大约有16%的新抗原是由该突变产生的59。染色质易位倒位造成的基因融合也会产生许多新抗原,且此种方式新抗原通常具有更强的免疫原性56。而转录异常产生新抗原的方式通常指由mRNA的可变剪接产生的新抗原。由于转录调控元件的异常导致肿瘤转录本发生异常从而最终产生能与MHC分子高亲和的新抗原。除了调控元件,剪切体自身的异常会直接导致mRNA的剪切异常。例如Lu等60利用药物攻击剪接因子RBM49,在不引入新突变的情况下使肿瘤产生了随机的可变剪切体,由于肿瘤细胞与正常细胞内的微环境有较大的差异,因此当肿瘤细胞受到来自外界刺激后产生的转录调控与正常细胞也有差异,利用这些差异导致肿瘤细胞内产生了区别于正常细胞的新转录本,最终成为新抗原。蛋白翻译的异常调控是肿瘤新抗原的另一种来源。例如pIRS2的正常蛋白并不会引发免疫反应,但其异常的磷酸化蛋白却可以产生免疫反应61。最后一种新抗原来源于病毒蛋白。事实上,一部分肿瘤是由于病毒感染直接导致的,例如EBV导致的鼻咽癌以及默克尔细胞多瘤病毒导致的默克尔细胞癌62-63。还有一部分病毒基因会直接整合进入宿主基因组中,造成基因组的突变,例如HPV病毒64表1总结了肿瘤抗原的分类情况。
由于新抗原为新产生的多肽,并且该多肽与MHC分子具有高亲和性,因此液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS)是新抗原筛选中相对可靠的方式(图1),即利用MHC分子分离出细胞内能够结合的多肽分子,然后使用高效液相色谱法对肽段序列进行分析,通过比较肿瘤与正常细胞的差异,从而筛选出新抗原65。例如Lin等43发现,TRAP1基因在小鼠肺上皮癌细胞系特异性高表达,而在正常细胞中几乎不表达,由此筛选出12个在小鼠肺上皮癌细胞系特异性表达的HLA-AAD结合性新抗原,并最终鉴定出由TRAP1诱导的HLA-A2限制性磷酸肽KLIpS。此外,在另一项临床前研究中,由新抗原开发的多表位DNA疫苗在乳腺癌小鼠模型中诱导了强大的免疫反应45,并能够在随后的转移性神经内分泌肿瘤患者中引发新抗原特异性T细胞反应。
除液相色谱-质谱联用法之外,根据新抗原出现的原因,其鉴定也可以通过转录组测序或者外显子测序等依赖高通量测序的方式来进行预测和鉴定。当以外显子测序数据来推测新抗原时,首先利用外显子数据找到患者的特异性突变位置,再根据突变位置的DNA序列转变为8~14氨基的多肽序列,利用多种MHC分子结合预测软件推测MHC高亲和性的多肽序列。根据多肽序列合成多肽并进行免疫活性测试,从而对预测的抗原进行实验验证,最终鉴定出肿瘤特异的新抗原。
而以转录组测序为基础的预测则是基于mRNA的转录本的特异表达。特异性转录本的来源有以下几种:①基因突变导致的特异性转录本;②基因突变导致的mRNA可变剪切体;③肿瘤特异性微环境导致的特异性转录本;④肿瘤特异性刺激导致的特异性转录本或者可变剪切体。
Kristensen等66研究发现,在黑色素瘤的肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)输出产物中,产生了约1.8%的新肽,而这些新抗原特异性的CD8+ T细胞的存在能够有效延长病人生命。而Holm等67则利用外显子测序方法从尿路上皮癌患者中鉴定出了数个新抗原序列,并用其对患者进行治疗三周后,发现T细胞应答增强,同时促进了免疫检查点抑制物的活性。
新抗原固然有其患者的特异性,但若是可以通过大规模的筛选发现其中的共同性特征,那么对于新抗原的筛选将有巨大的帮助,因此全世界范围内产生了一系列的数据库,这些数据库从不同的侧面记录了已经预测出的新抗原,甚至是已经验证过的新抗原。例如CAPED数据库(The Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database)从2001年就开始记录那些与人类肿瘤抗原最相关的数据68。IEDB(Immune Epitope Database)记录了在人类和其他动物物种中研究的抗体和T细胞表位的实验数据,其中包含高达159万个预测多肽和3183个验证多肽69。相比之下,NeoPepptide数据库则记录的是源于体细胞突变的新抗原70,而TCIA数据库(The Cancer Immunome Atlas)则是提供了对来自TCGA数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas)的20种实体癌症的高通量测序(NGS)数据的全面免疫基因组分析结果71。TSNAdb(Tumor-Specific NeoAntigen database)则是基于TCIA和TCGA数据库的肿瘤样本数据,对16种肿瘤类型的体细胞突变数据和人类白细胞抗原(HLA)等位基因信息的泛癌免疫基因组学分析开发的,该数据库利用netMHCpan预测了突变和野生型多肽与人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ类分子的结合亲和力,并给出了高达370万个所有肿瘤样本的体细胞突变产生的潜在新抗原的详细信息72
除了直接对肿瘤细胞中的新抗原进行预测和鉴定,也可以通过对肿瘤细胞进行基因编辑或者药物刺激使其产生新抗原。Indisulam是一种碳酸酐酶抑制剂,具有抗癌活性。通过使Indisulam成为DDB1/CUL4 E3泛素连接酶的新底物来降解辅助剪接因子RBM39,可引起mRNA的可变剪切。在Indisulam 处理之后的MB49肿瘤细胞中,鉴定出数个可变剪切mRNA,并最终鉴定出11个高可能性的新抗原60
中心法则决定了抗原遗传信息的流动方向,虽然疫苗种类不同,但都遵循相同的原理,即将抗原呈递给T细胞,从而引发免疫机制。不同的疫苗平台则是在抗原遗传信息流动的不同时间点进入肿瘤组织中。
大多数多肽疫苗是基于表位肽,通过刺激CD8+ T细胞或者CD4+辅助T细胞识别TSA或者TAA。利用特定的基因突变产生的肿瘤抗原来设计对应的多肽疫苗是目前多数肿瘤亚型治疗的方向。
间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)基因融合(ALK+)驱动的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)通常使用ALK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)来进行治疗73-77。但是多数患者会由于长期用药导致AKL激酶结构域的二次突变而产生耐药性,并且高达40%的患者会发生中枢神经系统的肿瘤转移78-79。然而,却因为不了解为什么ALK阳性的NSCLC会对免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)缺乏反应而无法使用肿瘤免疫治疗。Mota等80鉴定出多个具有免疫活性的ALK多肽,并在小鼠体内追踪了ALK特异的CD8+ T细胞的免疫反应,从而证明ALK阳性的NSCLC的低免疫原性可以被ALK特异的CD8+ T细胞通过接种疫苗而加强。单一的ALK多肽疫苗即可增加瘤内的ALK特异的CD8+ T细胞,而且当与洛拉替尼(Lorlatinib,一种ALK TKI)联合使用时,可以对小鼠肿瘤产生治疗效果,并能防止肿瘤转移至中枢神经系统(图2)。
通过接种灭活或者减毒HVB病毒,HBV预防性疫苗已经大大降低了HBV的感染性,但是对于相当数量的HBV感染患者,肿瘤免疫治疗性疫苗仍处于研究阶段。Choi等81发现一种6mer的HBV衍生肽段(Poly6),这种肽段在小鼠体内通过激发能够产生一氧化氮合酶的树突状细胞可以引发强烈的抗癌效果。相比于没有Poly6,将Poly6与乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)共同制成疫苗注射入小鼠模型后,树突状细胞的成熟以及迁移能力获得大幅提高,并且增强了HBsAg特异性细胞免疫反应,这表明与Poly6联用的疫苗或许可以用于对HBV肝癌的治疗。
多肽疫苗经济高效易于设计,但是其有效性依赖于大量的重复性筛选实验。而利用人工智能的疫苗设计方法可以有效减少这部分工作量。Suri等82设计了一种基于深度学习的多肽疫苗设计方法——IntegralVac,通过预测来自肿瘤的多肽免疫亲和性来设计或者提高现有的多肽疫苗效果。
Hu等83首先通过单细胞转录组测序的方式确定了20位肿瘤患者的肿瘤抗原,并合成个性化的长多肽疫苗。在经过长达4年时间的治疗后,全部肿瘤患者均存活,并且超过1/4的病例没有症状。Wiedermann等84将三个来自HER2/neu细胞外区域的融合B细胞表位与CRM197相结合,并以添加Montanide为佐剂制备成多肽疫苗IMU-131。在全部11名参与评估的受试患者中,其中1位完全缓解,5名患者出现部分缓解。另外发现,在注射高剂量疫苗的患者体内,HER2特异性IgG更高。
多肽及蛋白疫苗是常用最普及的肿瘤疫苗类型,其关键就是如何确定最佳的靶向多肽,对于多肽疫苗的筛选目前多数研究仍然依靠大规模筛选检测,而现有的基于深度学习或者数据库的方式仍然较少,因此筛选效率仍然是制约多肽疫苗的因素之一。
与多肽疫苗相比,DNA或者mRNA疫苗不需要体外合成多肽,因此其生产效率更高、成本更低。但由于其需要先进入细胞核内进行转录,然后翻译为多肽才能被呈递细胞呈递给T细胞,因此其效率相比其他类型疫苗略低。提高DNA疫苗效力的策略包括选择合适的抗原,优化插入质粒,研究疫苗与传统策略和靶向治疗的组合85
在过去一段时间,为了帮助规避免疫耐受,并引发潜在的免疫原性反应,利用与自身同源基因的异源元素,从另一个物种中提取的蛋白质或多肽制作疫苗是一种较为常见的方式86-87。Safavi等88通过将抗原疫苗与诱导CD4+ T细胞的多肽共注射来增强免疫活性(图3)。这些多肽可以是长肽或是泛HLADR表位(PADRE)多肽,它们可以刺激CD4细胞和树突状细胞。
另一种新的DNA疫苗则是多表位(polyepitope-based)DNA疫苗89-90。DNA疫苗的首要地位与这样一个事实有关,即大量的序列可以在一个单一的结构中传递。而多表位DNA疫苗的基本概念始于细胞毒T细胞(cytotoxic T-cell,CTL)。MHC-Ⅰ分子呈现抗原,CTL将其识别为短肽(通常由8~10个氨基酸组成)。这些短肽或片段被称为T细胞毒细胞决定簇(DTC)。多表位DNA疫苗在一个微型基因结构中用几个DTC进行测序,以诱导针对广泛的靶标谱系的CTL反应。与人工合成的多肽、DC和mRNA相比,以DNA质粒形式生产的多表位疫苗具有相对容易的制造过程、理想的安全性和分子灵活性91
相比于蛋白疫苗,DNA疫苗需要在体内进行表达,因此DNA疫苗的表达效率以及转录翻译的准确度是影响其最终结果的重要因素,相比于传统单一表位的DNA疫苗,多表位疫苗能一次性产生多个抗原表位,增强了刺激T细胞的概率,显然是DNA疫苗更为重要的发展方向。
相比于DNA疫苗,mRNA疫苗不需要进入细胞核内进行翻译,在效率上有一定的提高,但mRNA的稳定性略输于DNA,在胞内更容易被降解。mRNA疫苗根据其复制能力也分为两种:①非复制mRNA;②自我复制mRNA(saRNA)。非复制型mRNA的蛋白表达取决于成功传递的转录本的数量,而saRNA则由于其自我复制的特性,即使在低剂量下也会产生大量的抗原92。saRNA与常规mRNA结构类似,但加入了一段额外的9~10 kb序列,这些序列编码来自甲型病毒的复制子93
胰腺导管腺癌(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,PDAC)的致死率高达约90%,即使在手术之后,仍然有约80%的患者复发,其5年生存率仅为9%94。在过去多年的研究中发现,PDAC中含有多种新抗原,这对于PDAC肿瘤细胞的识别提供了巨大的帮助95-97。Rojas等98通过对比肿瘤患者与正常细胞的DNA序列差异,合成了一种名为Autogene cevumera的个性化mRNA疫苗。该mRNA疫苗将高达20个与两类MHC高亲和性的新抗原mRNA,同直径400 nm的脂络合物纳米颗粒(lipoplex nanoparticles)包装形成mRNA-lipoplex nanoparticles复合物。对16名患者注射了mRNA疫苗,其中一半患者出现显著的T细胞免疫反应,证明该疫苗可以诱导增强免疫反应。在注射mRNA疫苗18个月内,其中对疫苗出现免疫反应的患者未观察到复发,但是对疫苗没有出现免疫反应的患者在13.4个月(中位数)之后复发。该实验结果证明该mRNA疫苗具有一般有效性,但是由于有一半患者并未出现免疫反应,这也说明对于患者特异性新抗原的筛选仍然有进一步发展的空间。
相比于仅以抗原编码mRNA作为疫苗,将免疫佐剂与mRNA共递送被认为是对mRNA疫苗效果的一种显著提升,而佐剂的选择与添加方式对mRNA疫苗效果的影响具有重要作用99-101。Tockary等102-103发展了一种利用RNA编辑将免疫刺激功能整合入mRNA中的通用辅助方案。在这种方案中,最终的mRNA疫苗相比于普通mRNA疫苗多了一个名为免疫刺激点(immunostimulatory teeth)的双链RNA,在mRNA上有这种免疫刺激点,其双联RNA末端被5′三磷酸化,而这种结构可以激活维酸钾诱导的基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ),这个基因编码一个先天性的免疫受体,可以诱导强烈的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的免疫反应。作者利用这种方式改进了多个已知的mRNA疫苗,发现对于疫苗中佐剂的活性具有显著的增强作用。
区别于mRNA,circRNA是一种具有共价闭环结构的ncRNA,由于其对核酸外切酶的高抗性,稳定地存在于真核细胞的细胞质中104。虽然RNA疫苗通常是以mRNA作为抗原,但circRNA也可以作为抗原包装入脂质纳米颗粒中,从而防止自身降解,通过促进内体进入,增强细胞的摄取和转运,最终在体内发挥其抗肿瘤作用105
mRNA作为中心法则中转录环节的起始点,成为了RNA疫苗中的首选。mRNA疫苗的发展方向分为两个:一是增强对mRNA的保护,使其尽可能地保持完整;二是增强mRNA免疫刺激原性。而mRNA本身并不能做到这两点,这些都需要佐剂的参与,因此mRNA设计中,佐剂将会是其中除mRNA位点设计外的另一个重要的因素。
树突状细胞来源于骨髓祖细胞,作为一种抗原呈递细胞将抗原吞噬并处理后,利用MHC分子将抗原呈递给T细胞从而激活免疫反应106。然而由于DC来源于骨髓,因此难以获取大量的DC直接用于制作细胞疫苗。取而代之的是,从外周血单核细胞的体外分化炎症DC(inflammatory DC,iDC)同样可以呈递抗原给T细胞107。将肿瘤抗原TAA或者TSA转染至体外培养的DC后,树突状细胞即可呈递出相对应的抗原,然后将DC通过静脉回输或者皮下注射给肿瘤患者,从而引发免疫反应治疗肿瘤。相比于多肽或者核酸疫苗,DC疫苗通过注射已经负载抗原的树突状细胞更直接地刺激T细胞激活免疫反应。各种DC疫苗的区别则在于选择不同的负载抗原。
胶质母细胞瘤是一种致命的脑部肿瘤,而至今尚未发现显著有效的治疗方式。目前有多个胶质母细胞瘤DC疫苗正处于临床试验阶段,其不同之处就是使用了不同的抗原负载。在1项331位患者参与的Ⅲ期临床项目中,以肿瘤裂解物作为DC抗原负载,其总生存时间达到了19.3月,显著提高了患者生存率108。而将肿瘤裂解物进行再分类后,在一项以含有EGFRvⅢ、erbB2、gp100、MAGE-A3、IL13Ra2的裂解物为DC抗原负载时,25%的患者总生存时间达到了2年。因此将肿瘤裂解物的细分或不同组合作为抗原负载也许可以制作效果更好的胶质母细胞瘤DC疫苗。
Mucin(MUC)基因在肿瘤和正常细胞中的表达具有重大差异,因此MUC1常作为TAA靶向肿瘤细胞。Gabba等109同样利用MUC1制作DC疫苗,其不同之处在于,除了使用MUC1作为抗原,galactose-type lectin(MGL)同时作为负载抗原。相比于多肽疫苗,DC疫苗引发的T细胞免疫活性要显著强于前者。
Liu等110将抗原呈递和免疫抑制逆转整合到一起,建立起了用于癌症免疫治疗的基因工程细胞膜纳米微囊(antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal,ASPIRE)。ASPIRE系统将树突细胞膜作为信号载体,通过将多种免疫刺激信号共同传递给T细胞,实现T细胞的活化。ASPIRE系统提供了一种强大的工程化的方法,可以显著改善对淋巴器官的抗原输送,直接激活自然T细胞,并产生广谱T细胞反应。该系统也是首次实现同时递送PD-1与CD80/86抗体,高效地实现了肿瘤免疫抑制。
细胞疫苗的设计过程中,炎症DC已经使得制备疫苗的细胞数量大大上升,但仍然需要从患者体内大量收集,对患者是一个不小的身体负担,如果能够利用IPS细胞或者其他可以体外培养分化的细胞来制备疫苗将会大大扩展细胞疫苗的应用。
Soliman等111在一项Ⅱ期临床实验(NCT02779855)中,将编码GM-CSF的工程化T-VEC溶瘤病毒注射入三阴乳腺癌患者体内,接近一半的患者获得完全的病理学应答,并且大多数患者的抗肿瘤T细胞水平和免疫信号通路的激活水平显著提高。
Zhu等112则以乳链球菌为基础,开发出一种表达Fms样酪氨酸激酶3配体和共刺激分子OX40配体的融合蛋白原位疫苗,在瘤内注射后诱导强烈的抗菌免疫反应,释放大量肿瘤特异性抗原,促进肿瘤微环境和肿瘤引流淋巴结中树突状细胞的抗原交叉呈递(图4)。
除了直接改造病毒或者细菌的遗传物质,工程化修饰后的细菌同样可以作为疫苗。Wang等113将减毒沙门氏菌包裹了一层吸附有抗原的阳离子聚合物纳米粒子,再将疫苗进行瘤内注射后,抗原富集在肿瘤周围,增加了抗肿瘤免疫反应。
细菌疫苗是最早使用的肿瘤疫苗,但仅有几种少数的自然菌可以直接被使用,随着分子技术及基因编辑技术的普及,对于细菌和病毒的基因编辑效率已经大大提升,通过对其遗传物质的修改使其能够直接表达所需要的抗原,这将是未来肿瘤疫苗的一个非常重要的发展方向。
在本文中,我们对近期新型肿瘤疫苗的研发进行了描述,总结了其中共同或者特别的经验。通过对近期肿瘤疫苗研究的总结,利用肿瘤新抗原的筛选以及原有抗原的不同组合使得疫苗的靶向性有了很大的提高,但疫苗的有效性显著受到抗原选择、疫苗制作方式以及递送方式的影响。合成生物学利用已有的基因路线,通过对其进行人为修改、利用,加速实验研究并提高肿瘤疫苗在临床治疗效果,目前对于肿瘤疫苗效果的提升关键在于以下几个方面:
通过筛选肿瘤特异性新抗原,可以有效地找到不同类型肿瘤的更精准靶点,而不同的抗原组合同样也能够提升靶点的精准性。除了提升精准性,通过加入不同的佐剂辅助抗原能够更好地发挥疫苗的有效性。虽然从原理上新抗原有着巨大的优势,但并不是所有肿瘤细胞所有患者都能鉴定出有效的新抗原。目前以外显子测序和转录组测序的方式进行的预测在准确度上仍无法满足要求,将预测的DNA或者mRNA序列转换为多肽序列的过程中,目前还无法模拟肽段的折叠情况,与MHC分子的模拟过程更依赖于已知的motif序列,这会导致一部分多肽的假阳性,同时也会遗漏一些尚未发现的新抗原。因此对于提高新抗原的筛选准确性,需要找到一种更好的预测方式。作为肿瘤疫苗设计的最初始步骤,抗原的免疫原性是疫苗成功的关键因素,通过对抗原筛选方法的进一步研究,肿瘤抗原的选择会更加精准。
抗原提高了疫苗精准性,但是疫苗设计方式的不同决定了疫苗的有效性。各种疫苗的优缺点极为明显。核酸疫苗生产简单,可改造性强,能够针对不同肿瘤进行快速的设计迭代,但DNA疫苗的基因组整合可能性高,mRNA疫苗又会发生快速降解。多肽疫苗则需要生产特异性多肽,无法大规模生产,且多肽折叠方式、修饰方式的不同同样也会影响疫苗效果。相比于核酸及多肽疫苗,病毒/细菌疫苗更依赖于小规模实验,而无法进行高通量筛选。相比于前几种疫苗,DC疫苗由于已经在体外完成了对抗原的处理,作为抗原呈递细胞可以快速成熟并激活T细胞免疫反应,但是树突状细胞的体外培养无疑大幅提高了疫苗的成本。因此在不同疫苗的设计方式上,并没有任何一种疫苗具有压倒性优势,只能根据不同肿瘤特性选择不同的设计方式。在核酸疫苗中,mRNA疫苗目前前景最为广阔,利用mRNA与不同的补剂进行组合,使得mRNA疫苗既保留其设计的简洁性又增强其免疫原性及肿瘤的靶向性,是今后一个重要的设计方向。病毒/细菌疫苗由于其自身的免疫原性,需要大量的改造,因此建立大规模筛选可用病菌的方法迫在眉睫。而细胞疫苗目前也不再局限于DC细胞,大量其他细胞类型的使用已经极大地扩展了细胞疫苗的使用。期待接下来基于上述新方法设计的新肿瘤疫苗的产生。
以对抗式神经网络为基础的深度学习以及以大数据为基础的生成式人工智能,都在飞速发展,其在各个领域正在挑战传统方法学对科学研究的贡献。通过将过去进行的疫苗设计的正向以及负向研究结果的一部分打包作为数据基础,将另一部分作为预测集,确有可能将AI模型应用于疫苗的设计工作以及递送方式改进中。以AlphaFold为代表的蛋白结构预测工具,可以预测潜在新抗原的多肽结构,从而预测其与MHC分子的结合能力,进而帮助筛选新抗原。另外,在疫苗靶点设计以及递送方式上利用人工智能对疫苗进行预测打分,可大大减少前期筛选过程所耗费的时间和精力,而对设计结果的验证又会辅助提高模型的设计准确性,从而螺旋式提升疫苗的靶向性和有效性。
将肿瘤抗原更高效更精准地进行递送将是未来肿瘤疫苗设计的一个关键领域。普通的注射方式显然已经无法满足疫苗的有效性需要,使用纳米材料将多肽或者核酸抗原进行封装,使其能更好、更多地被抗原呈递细胞所吞噬处理是目前的一个新兴热点领域。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0906003)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81972368)
  • 广东省培养高层次人才特殊支持计划(2021JC06Y578)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
BOYLSTON A. The origins of inoculation[J]. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2012, 105(7): 309-313.
2
DEMARIA P J, BILUSIC M. Cancer vaccines[J]. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2019, 33(2): 199-214.
3
GARY E N, WEINER D B. DNA vaccines: prime time is now[J]. Current Opinion in Immunology, 2020, 65: 21-27.
4
BECK J D, REIDENBACH D, SALOMON N, et al. mRNA therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy[J]. Molecular Cancer, 2021, 20(1): 69.
5
GARG A D, COULIE P G, VAN DEN EYNDE B J, et al. Integrating next-generation dendritic cell vaccines into the current cancer immunotherapy landscape[J]. Trends in Immunology, 2017, 38(8): 577-593.
6
FAN T, ZHANG M N, YANG J X, et al. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects[J]. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2023, 8(1): 450.
7
GEBRE M S, BRITO L A, TOSTANOSKI L H, et al. Novel approaches for vaccine development[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(6): 1589-1603.
8
MINATI R, PERREAULT C, THIBAULT P. A roadmap toward the definition of actionable tumor-specific antigens[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 583287.
9
CHEN G, HUANG A C, ZHANG W, et al. Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response[J]. Nature, 2018, 560(7718): 382-386.
10
KALAORA S, NAGLER A, WARGO J A, et al. Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2022, 22(4): 195-207.
11
CHIA W K, WANG W W, TEO M, et al. A phase Ⅱ study evaluating the safety and efficacy of an adenovirus-ΔLMP1-LMP2 transduced dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Annals of Oncology, 2012, 23(4): 997-1005.
12
KENTER G G, WELTERS M J P, VALENTIJN A R P M, et al. Vaccination against HPV-16 oncoproteins for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2009, 361(19): 1838-1847.
13
TRIMBLE C L, MORROW M P, KRAYNYAK K A, et al. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial[J]. The Lancet, 2015, 386(10008): 2078-2088.
14
HARPER D M, NIEMINEN P, DONDERS G, et al. The efficacy and safety of Tipapkinogen Sovacivec therapeutic HPV vaccine in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3: randomized controlled phase Ⅱ trial with 2.5 years of follow-up[J]. Gynecologic Oncology, 2019, 153(3): 521-529.
15
KIM T J, JIN H T, HUR S Y, et al. Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 5317.
16
PIPERNO-NEUMANN S, HASSEL J C, RUTKOWSKI P, et al. Abstract CT002: phase 3 randomized trial comparing tebentafusp with investigator’s choice in first line metastatic uveal melanoma[J]. Cancer Research, 2021, 81(13_Supplement): CT002.
17
ROSENBERG S A, YANG J C, SCHWARTZENTRUBER D J, et al. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 1998, 4(3): 321-327.
18
CUNHA A C, WEIGLE B, KIESSLING A, et al. Tissue-specificity of prostate specific antigens: comparative analysis of transcript levels in prostate and non-prostatic tissues[J]. Cancer Letters, 2006, 236(2): 229-238.
19
KANTOFF P W, HIGANO C S, SHORE N D, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010, 363(5): 411-422.
20
O’ROURKE D M, NASRALLAH M P, DESAI A, et al. A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvⅢ-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma[J]. Science Translational Medicine, 2017, 9(399): eaaa0984.
21
ZAHEDIPOUR F, ZAMANI P, MASHREGHI M, et al. Nanoliposomal VEGF-R2 peptide vaccine acts as an effective therapeutic vaccine in a murine B16F10 model of melanoma[J]. Cancer Nanotechnology, 2023, 14(1): 62.
22
SCHUSTER J, LAI R K, RECHT L D, et al. A phase Ⅱ, multicenter trial of rindopepimut (CDX-110) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: the ACT Ⅲ study[J]. Neuro-oncology, 2015, 17(6): 854-861.
23
REARDON D A, DESJARDINS A, VREDENBURGH J J, et al. Rindopepimut with bevacizumab for patients with relapsed EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ReACT): results of a double-blind randomized phase Ⅱ trial[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2020, 26(7): 1586-1594.
24
WELLER M, BUTOWSKI N, TRAN D D, et al. Rindopepimut with temozolomide for patients with newly diagnosed, EGFRvⅢ-expressing glioblastoma (ACT Ⅳ): a randomised, double-blind, international phase 3 trial[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2017, 18(10): 1373-1385.
25
LIU C, YE D Y, YANG H L, et al. RAS-targeted cancer therapy: advances in drugging specific mutations[J]. MedComm, 2023, 4(3): e285.
26
BANNOURA S F, UDDIN M H, NAGASAKA M, et al. Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer: new drugs on the horizon[J]. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 2021, 40(3): 819-835.
27
LIU X Q, HUANG P, YANG R S, et al. mRNA cancer vaccines: construction and boosting strategies[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(20): 19550-19580.
28
CHEEVER M A, ALLISON J P, FERRIS A S, et al. The prioritization of cancer antigens: a national cancer institute pilot project for the acceleration of translational research[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(17): 5323-5337.
29
QI X W, ZHANG F, WU H, et al. Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) expression and prognosis in solid cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 8924.
30
OKA Y, TSUBOI A, TAGUCHI T, et al. Induction of WT1 (Wilms’ tumor gene)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by WT1 peptide vaccine and the resultant cancer regression[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101(38): 13885-13890.
31
MASLAK P G, TAO D, BERNAL Y, et al. Phase 2 trial of a multivalent WT1 peptide vaccine (galinpepimut-S) in acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood Advances, 2018, 2(3): 224-234.
32
KEILHOLZ U, LETSCH A, BUSSE A, et al. A clinical and immunologic phase 2 trial of Wilms tumor gene product 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in patients with AML and MDS[J]. Blood, 2009, 113(26): 6541-6548.
33
ANGUILLE S, VAN DE VELDE A L, SMITS E L, et al. Dendritic cell vaccination as postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Blood, 2017, 130(15): 1713-1721.
34
VANSTEENKISTE J, ZIELINSKI M, LINDER A, et al. Adjuvant MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: phase Ⅱ randomized study results[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2013, 31(19): 2396-2403.
35
KRUIT W H J, SUCIU S, DRENO B, et al. Selection of immunostimulant AS15 for active immunization with MAGE-A3 protein: results of a randomized phase Ⅱ study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group in Metastatic Melanoma[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2013, 31(19): 2413-2420.
36
SLINGLUFF C L, LEWIS K D, ANDTBACKA R, et al. Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of seviprotimut-L polyvalent melanoma vaccine in patients with post-resection melanoma at high risk of recurrence[J]. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2021, 9(10): e003272.
37
THOMAS R, AL-KHADAIRI G, ROELANDS J, et al. NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy of cancer: current perspectives[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2018, 9: 947.
38
DHODAPKAR M V, SZNOL M, ZHAO B W, et al. Induction of antigen-specific immunity with a vaccine targeting NY-ESO-1 to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205[J]. Science Translational Medicine, 2014, 6(232): 232ra51.
39
GASSER O, SHARPLES K J, BARROW C, et al. A phase Ⅰ vaccination study with dendritic cells loaded with NY-ESO-1 and α-galactosylceramide: induction of polyfunctional T cells in high-risk melanoma patients[J]. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2018, 67(2): 285-298.
40
ODUNSI K, QIAN F, MATSUZAKI J, et al. Vaccination with an NY-ESO-1 peptide of HLA class Ⅰ/Ⅱ specificities induces integrated humoral and T cell responses in ovarian cancer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(31): 12837-12842.
41
MITTENDORF E A, ARDAVANIS A, SYMANOWSKI J, et al. Primary analysis of a prospective, randomized, single-blinded phase Ⅱ trial evaluating the HER2 peptide AE37 vaccine in breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence[J]. Annals of Oncology, 2016, 27(7): 1241-1248.
42
MITTENDORF E A, LU B, MELISKO M, et al. Efficacy and safety analysis of nelipepimut-S vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence: a randomized, multicenter, phase Ⅲ clinical trial[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2019, 25(14): 4248-4254.
43
LIN M H, SHEN K Y, LIU B S, et al. Immunological evaluation of a novel HLA-A2 restricted phosphopeptide of tumor associated antigen, TRAP1, on cancer therapy[J]. Vaccine: Ⅹ, 2019, 1: 100017.
44
CLIFTON G T, HALE D, VREELAND T J, et al. Results of a randomized phase Ⅱb trial of nelipepimut-S+trastuzumab versus trastuzumab to prevent recurrences in patients with high-risk HER2 low-expressing breast cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2020, 26(11): 2515-2523.
45
COX K E, LIU S L, LWIN T M, et al. The mucin family of proteins: candidates as potential biomarkers for colon cancer[J]. Cancers, 2023, 15(5): 1491.
46
PACILIO C, ROSATI G, CRISPO A, et al. An overview of the roles of CDK4/6 inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer elderly patients[J]. In Vivo, 2023, 37(4): 1445-1449.
47
CHUNG V M, KOS F, HARDWICK N, et al. A phase 1 study of p53MVA vaccine in combination with pembrolizumab[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2018, 36(5_suppl): 206.
48
KIM C, LIU S V, SUBRAMANIAM D S, et al. Phase Ⅰ study of the 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate (lutathera) in combination with nivolumab in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung[J]. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2020, 8(2): e000980.
49
ANTONIA S J, MIRZA N, FRICKE I, et al. Combination of p53 cancer vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2006, 12(3 Pt 1): 878-887.
50
HARDWICK N R, FRANKEL P, RUEL C, et al. p53-Reactive T cells are associated with clinical benefit in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer after treatment with a p53 vaccine and gemcitabine chemotherapy[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2018, 24(6): 1315-1325.
51
SPEETJENS F M, KUPPEN P J K, WELTERS M J P, et al. Induction of p53-specific immunity by a p53 synthetic long peptide vaccine in patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(3): 1086-1095.
52
CHUNG V, KOS F J, HARDWICK N, et al. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of p53MVA vaccine combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid cancers[J]. Clinical & Translational Oncology, 2019, 21(3): 363-372.
53
QUANDT J, SCHLUDE C, BARTOSCHEK M, et al. Long-peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and Kras induces cancer mutation-specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses[J]. Oncoimmunology, 2018, 7(12): e1500671.
54
KJELDSEN J W, LORENTZEN C L, MARTINENAITE E, et al. A phase 1/2 trial of an immune-modulatory vaccine against IDO/PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in metastatic melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 2021, 27(12): 2212-2223.
55
SCHUMACHER T N, SCHREIBER R D. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6230): 69-74.
56
XIE N, SHEN G B, GAO W, et al. Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy[J]. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2023, 8(1): 9.
57
WANG L, SHAMARDANI K, BABIKIR H, et al. The evolution of alternative splicing in glioblastoma under therapy[J]. Genome Biology, 2021, 22(1): 48.
58
JUHARI W K W, AHMAD AMIN NOORDIN K B, ZAKARIA A D, et al. Whole-genome profiles of Malay colorectal cancer patients with intact MMR proteins[J]. Genes, 2021, 12(9): 1448.
59
HANSEN U K, RAMSKOV S, BJERREGAARD A M, et al. Tumor-infiltrating T cells from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients recognize neoepitopes derived from point and frameshift mutations[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 373.
60
LU S X, NEEF E D, THOMAS J D, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(15): 4032-4047.e31.
61
DAO T, MUN S S, MOLVI Z, et al. A TCR mimic monoclonal antibody reactive with the “public” phospho-neoantigen pIRS2/HLA-A*02: 01 complex[J]. JCI Insight, 2022, 7(5): e151624.
62
KRUMP N A, YOU J X. From merkel cell polyomavirus infection to merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 739695.
63
ZHANG W T, ZHU G L, XU W Q, et al. Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein: Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer[J]. Diagnostic Pathology, 2022, 17(1): 61.
64
CHAN C K, AIMAGAMBETOVA G, UKYBASSOVA T, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: epidemiology, screening, and vaccination-review of current perspectives[J]. Journal of Oncology, 2019, 2019: 3257939.
65
PURCELL A W, RAMARATHINAM S H, TERNETTE N. Mass spectrometry-based identification of MHC-bound peptides for immunopeptidomics[J]. Nature Protocols, 2019, 14: 1687-1707.
66
KRISTENSEN N P, HEEKE C, TVINGSHOLM S A, et al. Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells affect clinical outcome of adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2022, 132(2): e150535.
67
HOLM J S, FUNT S A, BORCH A, et al. Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the peripheral blood following PD-L1 blockade might predict therapy outcome in metastatic urothelial carcinoma[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 1935.
68
BISWAS N, CHAKRABARTI S, PADUL V, et al. Designing neoantigen cancer vaccines, trials, and outcomes[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1105420.
69
VITA R, MAHAJAN S, OVERTON J A, et al. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2019, 47(D1): D339-D343.
70
ZHOU W J, QU Z, SONG C Y, et al. NeoPeptide: an immunoinformatic database of T-cell-defined neoantigens[J]. Database, 2019, 2019: baz128.
71
CHAROENTONG P, FINOTELLO F, ANGELOVA M, et al. Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade[J]. Cell Reports, 2017, 18(1): 248-262.
72
WU J C, ZHAO W Y, ZHOU B B, et al. TSNAdb: a database for tumor-specific neoantigens from immunogenomics data analysis[J]. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2018, 16(4): 276-282.
73
SHAW A T, BAUER T M, MARINIS F D, et al. First-line lorlatinib or crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, 383(21): 2018-2029.
74
PETERS S, CAMIDGE D R, SHAW A T, et al. Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2017, 377(9): 829-838.
75
CAMIDGE D R, KIM H R, AHN M J, et al. Brigatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2018, 379(21): 2027-2039.
76
KWAK E L, BANG Y J, CAMIDGE D R, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2010, 363(18): 1693-1703.
77
SHAW A T, KIM T M, CRINÒ L, et al. Ceritinib versus chemotherapy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer previously given chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2017, 18(7): 874-886.
78
ZHANG I, ZAORSKY N G, PALMER J D, et al. Targeting brain metastases in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2015, 16(13): e510-e521.
79
JOHUNG K L, YEH N, DESAI N B, et al. Extended survival and prognostic factors for patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer and brain metastasis[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2016, 34(2): 123-129.
80
MOTA I, PATRUCCO E, MASTINI C, et al. ALK peptide vaccination restores the immunogenicity of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Nature Cancer, 2023, 4(7): 1016-1035.
81
CHOI Y M, KIM D H, JANG J, et al. A hepatitis B virus-derived peptide combined with HBsAg exerts an anti-HBV effect in an HBV transgenic mouse model as a therapeutic vaccine[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1155637.
82
SURI S, DAKSHANAMURTHY S. IntegralVac: a machine learning-based comprehensive multivalent epitope vaccine design method[J]. Vaccines, 2022, 10(10): 1678.
83
HU Z T, LEET D E, ALLESØE R L, et al. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma[J]. Nature Medicine, 2021, 27(3): 515-525.
84
WIEDERMANN U, GARNER-SPITZER E, CHAO Y E, et al. Clinical and immunologic responses to a B-cell epitope vaccine in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing advanced gastric cancer-results from phase ib trial IMU.ACS.001[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2021, 27(13): 3649-3660.
85
PANDYA A, SHAH Y, KOTHARI N, et al. The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way[J]. Medical Oncology, 2023, 40(7): 200.
86
STRIOGA M M, DARINSKAS A, PASUKONIENE V, et al. Xenogeneic therapeutic cancer vaccines as breakers of immune tolerance for clinical application: to use or not to use?[J]. Vaccine, 2014, 32(32): 4015-4024.
87
RICCARDO F, BOLLI E, MACAGNO M, et al. Chimeric DNA vaccines: an effective way to overcome immune tolerance[M/OL]//SAVELYEVA N, OTTENSMEIER C. Current topics in microbiology and immunology: cancer vaccines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014: 99-122 [2023-12-01]. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/82_2014_426
88
SAFAVI A, KEFAYAT A, ABIRI A, et al. In silico analysis of transmembrane protein 31 (TMEM31) antigen to design novel multiepitope peptide and DNA cancer vaccines against melanoma[J]. Molecular Immunology, 2019, 112: 93-102.
89
LI L J, ZHANG X L, WANG X L, et al. Optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccines elicit neoantigen-specific immune responses in preclinical models and in clinical translation[J]. Genome Medicine, 2021, 13(1): 56.
90
DURÁNTEZ M, LÓPEZ-VÁZQUEZ A B, DE CERIO A L D, et al. Induction of multiepitopic and long-lasting immune responses against tumour antigens by immunization with peptides, DNA and recombinant adenoviruses expressing minigenes[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2009, 69(2): 80-89.
91
KESKIN D B, ANANDAPPA A J, SUN J, et al. Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial[J]. Nature, 2019, 565(7738): 234-239.
92
MIAO L, ZHANG Y, HUANG L. mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapy[J]. Molecular Cancer, 2021, 20(1): 41.
93
TEWS B A, MEYERS G. Self-replicating RNA[M/OL]//KRAMPS T, ELBERS K. Methods in molecular Biology: RNA vaccines. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017, 1499: 15-35 [2023-12-01]. https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-6481-9_2
94
SIEGEL R L, MILLER K D, WAGLE N S, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2023, 73(1): 17-48.
95
BAILEY P, CHANG D K, FORGET M A, et al. Exploiting the neoantigen landscape for immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 35848.
96
BALACHANDRAN V P, ŁUKSZA M, ZHAO J N, et al. Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2017, 551(7681): 512-516.
97
ŁUKSZA M, SETHNA Z M, ROJAS L A, et al. Neoantigen quality predicts immunoediting in survivors of pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2022, 606(7913): 389-395.
98
ROJAS L A, SETHNA Z, SOARES K C, et al. Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer[J]. Nature, 2023, 618(7963): 144-150.
99
KUAI R, OCHYL L J, BAHJAT K S, et al. Designer vaccine nanodiscs for personalized cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(4): 489-496.
100
SCHLOSSER E, MUELLER M, FISCHER S, et al. TLR ligands and antigen need to be coencapsulated into the same biodegradable microsphere for the generation of potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses[J]. Vaccine, 2008, 26(13): 1626-1637.
101
FISCHER N O, RASLEY A, CORZETT M, et al. Colocalized delivery of adjuvant and antigen using nanolipoprotein particles enhances the immune response to recombinant antigens[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(6): 2044-2047.
102
KOERNER J, HORVATH D, HERRMANN V L, et al. PLGA-particle vaccine carrying TLR3/RIG-I ligand Riboxxim synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for effective anti-cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 2935.
103
HEIDEGGER S, KREPPEL D, BSCHEIDER M, et al. RIG-I activating immunostimulatory RNA boosts the efficacy of anticancer vaccines and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade[J]. EBioMedicine, 2019, 41: 146-155.
104
LI W Z, LIU J Q, CHEN M, et al. Circular RNA in cancer development and immune regulation[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2022, 26(6): 1785-1798.
105
YU L L, XIAO Q, YU B, et al. CircRNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy: perspectives from innate and adaptive immunity[J]. Cancer Letters, 2023, 564: 216219.
106
BALAN S, SAXENA M, BHARDWAJ N. Dendritic cell subsets and locations[M/OL]//International review of cell and molecular biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2019, 348: 1-68 [2023-12-01]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S193764481930067X?via%3Dihub
107
SALLUSTO F, LANZAVECCHIA A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha[J]. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1994, 179(4): 1109-1118.
108
LIAU L M, ASHKAN K, BREM S, et al. Association of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination with extension of survival among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 3 prospective externally controlled cohort trial[J]. JAMA Oncology, 2023, 9(1): 112-121.
109
GABBA A, ATTARIYA R, BEHREN S, et al. MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine modified with a GalNAc glycocluster targets the macrophage galactose C-type lectin on dendritic cells to elicit an improved humoral response[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2023, 145(24): 13027-13037.
110
LIU C, LIU X, XIANG X C, et al. A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2022, 17(5): 531-540.
111
SOLIMAN H, HOGUE D, HAN H, et al. Oncolytic T-VEC virotherapy plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 trial[J]. Nature Medicine, 2023, 29(2): 450-457.
112
ZHU J M, KE Y H, LIU Q, et al. Engineered Lactococcus lactis secreting Flt3L and OX40 ligand for in situ vaccination-based cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 7466.
113
WANG W G, XU H H, YE Q S, et al. Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria[J]. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2022, 6(1): 44-53.
2024年第5卷第2期
PDF下载
483
212
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061
  • 接收时间:2023-08-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-07
  • 出版时间:2024-04-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-25
  • 修回日期:2024-02-29
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0906003)
国家自然科学基金(81972368)
广东省培养高层次人才特殊支持计划(2021JC06Y578)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,合成生物学研究所,广东 深圳 518035
    2 深圳大学第一附属医院,深圳市第二人民医院,泌尿外科,深圳转化医学研究院,广东 深圳 518035
    3 广东省泌尿生殖肿瘤系统生物学与合成生物学重点实验室,广东 深圳 518035

通讯作者:

黄卫人(1980—),男,研究员,博士生导师,深圳市转化医学研究院副院长。研究方向:(1)肿瘤基因组学,应用多组学手段鉴定肿瘤及微环境诊疗标志物,开发相关临床应用;(2)肿瘤类器官,利用体外培养系统还原肿瘤体内生长,药物筛选及耐药机制研究;(3)医学合成生物学,创新肿瘤治疗新方法。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hcsw/CN/10.12211/2096-8280.2023-061
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏