Article(id=1315743806738248073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743733992243595, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265501.0110002, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265501.0110002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751385600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1757865600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-15, onlineDate=1791627368863, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627368863, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627368863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627368863, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743733992243595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627351520, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627555456, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315744589420540350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743733992243595, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315744589420540351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743733992243595, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=161, endPage=173, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743806947963274, articleId=1315743806738248073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Quantifying the Effects of Sensor Noise and Spatial Resolution on Small Target Detection in Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery, columnId=1315743672860263336, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Image Processing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In the field of high-resolution optical remote sensing image analysis, target detection and recognition technologies serve as foundational pillars for critical applications such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, agricultural yield estimation, and military reconnaissance. In recent years, deep learning algorithms have revolutionized this domain by leveraging their exceptional ability to extract intricate features: they efficiently capture both the geometric characteristics of ground objects (e.g., shape contours, spatial distribution patterns, and structural details) and spectral attributes (e.g., band reflectance variations, spectral curve uniqueness across land covers). This capability has driven transformative breakthroughs in target detection for high-resolution optical remote sensing images, enabling more accurate and automated identification of diverse ground targets compared to traditional handcrafted-feature-based methods.
However, the practical application of deep learning in multispectral remote sensing image analysis is hindered by inherent challenges stemming from data acquisition and scene complexity. First, multispectral images exhibit significant variability in both image quality and spatial resolution due to differences in sensor platforms—ranging from satellite-borne sensors (with meter to sub-meter resolution) to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) cameras and airborne imaging systems. These hardware discrepancies lead to inconsistencies in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), radiometric accuracy, and spatial granularity, directly impacting the reliability of feature extraction. Second, remote sensing scenes are inherently complex and variable: factors such as topographic relief, cloud cover, atmospheric scattering, and heterogeneous land cover (e.g., intermingled vegetation, buildings, and water bodies) create a cluttered background that obscures small targets (e.g., small vehicles, individual buildings, or vegetation patches). These challenges are particularly acute for small target detection in heterogeneous scenes, where traditional deep learning models often suffer from high false detection rates, missed detections, or degraded localization accuracy due to insufficient discriminative features or severe background interference.
To address these issues, this study focuses on the SuperYOLO model—a state-of-the-art object detection architecture optimized for remote sensing scenarios—and conducts a systematic investigation to evaluate its performance in small target detection across diverse multispectral datasets. The research specifically analyzes two core factors influencing detection capability: the characteristics of scene datasets and the quality/resolution of multispectral images. For dataset analysis, the study employs two types of experimental data: independent datasets (VEDAI and HRRSD) and a mixed dataset. The VEDAI dataset specializes in small ground targets (primarily vehicles) with consistent data distribution and high annotation precision, while the HRRSD dataset covers multiple small target categories (e.g., buildings, roads, and small vegetation clusters) in complex urban and natural scenes. In contrast, the mixed dataset is constructed by fusing multispectral data from different sensors, geographic regions, and acquisition times, simulating the high data heterogeneity encountered in real-world remote sensing applications.
The research findings yield three key insights. First, dataset homogeneity significantly impacts SuperYOLO's detection accuracy: the model achieves notably higher performance on independent datasets (VEDAI and HRRSD) compared to the mixed dataset. This is attributed to the consistent data distribution and reduced background variability in independent datasets, which minimize the model's sensitivity to irrelevant background features; in contrast, the mixed dataset's diverse land cover types and spectral variations increase the difficulty of distinguishing small targets from cluttered backgrounds, leading to reduced detection stability. Second, instrument noise emerges as a critical limiting factor for SuperYOLO's precision. When 5% and 10% instrument noise (simulating real-world sensor electronic noise, radiometric distortion, and atmospheric interference) are introduced into multispectral images, the model's mean Average Precision (AP) at an Intersection-over-Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 (mAP@0.5) plummets sharply from the original 0.813 to 0.420 and 0.058, respectively. This degradation occurs because noise disrupts the integrity of spectral features in multispectral bands, interfering with the multi-branch network architecture of SuperYOLO—specifically impairing its ability to extract and fuse discriminative spectral and geometric features for small targets. Notably, integrating a Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) into the data preprocessing module effectively mitigates this issue: the DCNN's adaptive noise-filtering capability restores spectral feature integrity, leading to a significant recovery of SuperYOLO's detection accuracy. Third, the spatial resolution of multispectral images exerts a relatively minor impact on SuperYOLO's performance. After downsampling the original images to simulate lower-resolution scenarios, the model's mAP@0.5 decreases from 0.813 to 0.741 (for mild downsampling) and 0.464 (for severe downsampling). This resilience is attributed to SuperYOLO's feature pyramid structure, which enables multi-scale feature fusion to compensate for partial resolution loss—though severe downsampling still causes accuracy degradation due to the loss of fine-grained details in small targets.
In conclusion, instrument noise significantly impairs the extraction and fusion of spectral features in SuperYOLO's multi-branch architecture, ultimately limiting its detection accuracy and practical utility for small targets in multispectral remote sensing images. Enhancing optical image quality (e.g., optimizing sensor hardware to reduce inherent noise) and incorporating denoising algorithms (such as DCNN) into the SuperYOLO framework can substantially improve the detection capability, accuracy, and applicability of small target detection algorithms in multispectral remote sensing imagery. This study emphasizes that maximizing the potential of deep learning models in remote sensing applications requires prioritizing solutions to sensor-induced noise and optimizing image preprocessing strategies. The proposed integration of denoising techniques with advanced detection architectures like SuperYOLO not only provides a more practical technical solution for small target detection in multispectral remote sensing but also points to a promising direction for future research (e.g., multi-modal data fusion detection, real-time remote sensing image processing) and engineering applications (e.g., UAV inspection systems, satellite remote sensing monitoring platforms) in this field.
, authors=Zongzhe LI
1, Qicheng WANG
1, Weihua YANG
2, Xiaoteng HAN
2, authorsList=Zongzhe LI, Qicheng WANG, Weihua YANG, Xiaoteng HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qicheng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743810903191969, articleId=1315743806738248073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=光学遥感图像噪声和空间分辨率对小目标检测精度影响机制研究, columnId=1315743673036424106, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=图像处理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
多光谱图像因载荷平台视角差异和背景复杂多变导致图像质量和空间尺度具有较大差异性,在各向异质的场景小目标检测性能受到严重挑战。针对该问题,重点分析了SuperYOLO模型在不同场景数据集的检测精度以及多光谱图像分辨率和质量对SuperYOLO小目标检测的影响。研究结果表明:1)SuperYOLO检测精度在独立数据集(VEDAI和HRRSD数据集)优于混合数据集;2)仪器噪声对SuperYOLO检测精度影响剧烈,当增加了5%和10%仪器噪声时,mAP@0.5由0.813降低至0.420和0.058,而在数据处理模块加入去噪的卷积神经网络可有效提升SuperYOLO模型检测精度;3)多光谱图像分辨率对SuperYOLO影响较小,降采样后mAP@0.5由0.813降至0.741和0.464。因而,仪器噪声显著影响SuperYOLO中多分支网络结构中光谱特征的提取和融合,影响SuperYOLO对于多光谱遥感图像小目标的检测精度和实用性,而提升光学图像质量,在SuperYOLO模型耦合降噪算法模块可有效推进多光谱遥感图像小目标探测与识别算法的检测能力。
, authors=李宗哲
1, 王琪程
1, 杨伟华
2, 韩晓腾
2, authorsList=李宗哲, 王琪程, 杨伟华, 韩晓腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王琪程, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fJSezc5j0iU6uRKvZh9NoA==, magXml=Mubci8nEPPVKPavTk5I4Ng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6TrD2vGAe40b3Ervt06QKA==, pdfFileSize=9918059, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Tt6CsClH7MUSh6vJT3rz5g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jdWZIdvspG5Ucx8t8nh+5Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1315743811859493289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lzz144@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743811939185067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743811859493289, language=EN, stringName=Zongzhe LI, firstName=Zongzhe, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1Equipment Management and UAV Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743812018876844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743811859493289, language=CN, stringName=李宗哲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1空军工程大学 装备管理与无人机工程学院,西安 710051, bio={"content":"
李宗哲, lzz144@163.com
"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=
李宗哲, lzz144@163.com
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743811461034402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811473617315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Equipment Management and UAV Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811674943908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1空军工程大学 装备管理与无人机工程学院,西安 710051)])]), Author(id=1315743812090180014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743812178260400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743812090180014, language=EN, stringName=Qicheng WANG, firstName=Qicheng, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1Equipment Management and UAV Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743812249563569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743812090180014, language=CN, stringName=王琪程, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1空军工程大学 装备管理与无人机工程学院,西安 710051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743811461034402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811473617315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Equipment Management and UAV Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811674943908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1空军工程大学 装备管理与无人机工程学院,西安 710051)])]), Author(id=1315743812312478131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743812392169909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743812312478131, language=EN, stringName=Weihua YANG, firstName=Weihua, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2Spectroscopic Imaging Technology Laboratory, Xi'an Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743812455084470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743812312478131, language=CN, stringName=杨伟华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 光谱成像技术研究室, 西安 710119, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743811754635685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811763024294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Spectroscopic Imaging Technology Laboratory, Xi'an Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811779801511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 光谱成像技术研究室, 西安 710119)])]), Author(id=1315743814124417468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743814246052286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743814124417468, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoteng HAN, firstName=Xiaoteng, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2Spectroscopic Imaging Technology Laboratory, Xi'an Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743814317355455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, authorId=1315743814124417468, language=CN, stringName=韩晓腾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 光谱成像技术研究室, 西安 710119, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743811754635685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811763024294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Spectroscopic Imaging Technology Laboratory, Xi'an Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811779801511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 光谱成像技术研究室, 西安 710119)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1315743814413824448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Multispectral remote sensing images), Keyword(id=1315743814485127617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Target detection), Keyword(id=1315743814564819394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=SuperYOLO), Keyword(id=1315743814644511171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Deep learning), Keyword(id=1315743814715814340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=多光谱遥感图像), Keyword(id=1315743814795506117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=目标检测), Keyword(id=1315743814887780806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=SuperYOLO), Keyword(id=1315743814971666887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=深度学习)], refs=[Reference(id=1315743819216302564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=7, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=53, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=SUN Chao, ZHOU Yongkang, CHEN Zhengchao, al et, Improved small object detection in remote sensing images based on YOLOv, journalName=Remote Sensing Information, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
SUN Chao,
ZHOU Yongkang,
CHEN Zhengchao,
al et, Improved small object detection in remote sensing images based on YOLOv
7[J].
Remote Sensing Information,2024,
39(4):53-60., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819325354469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=53, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=孙超, 周永康, 陈正超, journalName=遥感信息, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙超,周永康,陈正超,
等.改进YOLOv7的遥感图像小目标检测[J].
遥感信息,
2024,
39(4):53-60., articleTitle=改进YOLOv7的遥感图像小目标检测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819396657638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=6, issue=4, pageStart=46, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=ZHONG Yanfei, WANG Xinyu, XU Yao, journalName=IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
ZHONG Yanfei,
WANG Xinyu,
XU Yao,
et al.Mini-UAV-borne hyperspectral remote sensing:from observation and processing to applications[J].
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine,
2018,
6(4):46-62., articleTitle=Mini-UAV-borne hyperspectral remote sensing:from observation and processing to applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819509903847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=34741, pageEnd=34751, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=CUI Chunhui, WANG Rugang, WANG Yuanyuan, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
CUI Chunhui,
WANG Rugang,
WANG Yuanyuan,
et al. Research on optical remote sensing image target detection technique based on DCH-YOLOv7 algorithm[J].
IEEE Access,
2024,
12:34741-34751., articleTitle=Research on optical remote sensing image target detection technique based on DCH-YOLOv7 algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819623150056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=TU Bing, HE Wangquan, LI Qianming, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
TU Bing,
HE Wangquan,
LI Qianming,
et al. A new context-aware framework for defending against adversarial attacks in hyperspectral image classification[J].
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
2023,
61: 1-14., articleTitle=A new context-aware framework for defending against adversarial attacks in hyperspectral image classification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819702841833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=149, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=TANG Guangyi, NI Jianjun, ZHAO Yonghao, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
TANG Guangyi,
NI Jianjun,
ZHAO Yonghao,
et al. A survey of object detection for UAVs based on deep learning[J].
Remote Sensing,
2024,
16(1): 149., articleTitle=A survey of object detection for UAVs based on deep learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819782533610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=779, pageEnd=788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=REDMON J, DIVVALA S, GIRSHICK R, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
REDMON J,
DIVVALA S,
GIRSHICK R,
et al.You only look once:unified, real-time object detection[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
2016:779-788., articleTitle=You only look once:unified, real-time object detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819874808299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHANG Jiaqing, LEI Jie, XIE Weiying, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
ZHANG Jiaqing,
LEI Jie,
XIE Weiying,
et al. SuperYOLO: super resolution assisted object detection in multimodal remote sensing imagery[J].
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
2023,
61: 1-15., articleTitle=SuperYOLO: super resolution assisted object detection in multimodal remote sensing imagery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743819946111468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=3, pageStart=1817, pageEnd=1825, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=JANG J, LEE J, KIM S, journalName=Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
JANG J,
LEE J,
KIM S.Two-phase approach for monocular object detection and 6-DoF pose estimation[J].
Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology,
2024,
19(3):1817-1825., articleTitle=Two-phase approach for monocular object detection and 6-DoF pose estimation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820025803245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=9346, pageEnd=9358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=FENG Zhichen, WEN Huiqing, HAN Xu, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
FENG Zhichen,
WEN Huiqing,
HAN Xu,
et al.A deep reinforcement learning framework for 3L-NPC-CAB converters with multiple-degree-of-freedom phase-shift control[J].
IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification,
2025,
11(4):9346-9358., articleTitle=A deep reinforcement learning framework for 3L-NPC-CAB converters with multiple-degree-of-freedom phase-shift control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820101300718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=SENGÜL F, ADEM K, journalName=Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
SENGÜL F,
ADEM K. Detection of military aircraft using YOLO and transformer-based object detection models in complex environments[J].
Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi,
2025,
18(1):85-97., articleTitle=Detection of military aircraft using YOLO and transformer-based object detection models in complex environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820180992495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=17, pageStart=7539, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=GUO Dudu, ZHAO Chao, SHUAI Hongbo, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
GUO Dudu,
ZHAO Chao,
SHUAI Hongbo,
et al.Enhancing sustainable traffic monitoring: leveraging nanosight-YOLO for precision detection of micro-vehicle targets in satellite imagery[J].
Sustainability,
2024,
16(17):7539., articleTitle=Enhancing sustainable traffic monitoring: leveraging nanosight-YOLO for precision detection of micro-vehicle targets in satellite imagery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820239712752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=263, issue=null, pageStart=125828, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=PENG Hongxing, LI Zhenxing, ZOU Xiangjun, journalName=Expert Systems with Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
PENG Hongxing,
LI Zhenxing,
ZOU Xiangjun,
et al.Research on litchi image detection in orchard using UAV based on improved YOLOv5[J].
Expert Systems with Applications,
2025,
263:125828., articleTitle=Research on litchi image detection in orchard using UAV based on improved YOLOv5, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820336181745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=89, issue=null, pageStart=405, pageEnd=417, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=VIVONE G, journalName=Information Fusion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
VIVONE G.Multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion in remote sensing: a survey[J].
Information Fusion,
2022,
89:405-417., articleTitle=Multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion in remote sensing: a survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820403290610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1571, pageEnd=1580, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=14, authorNames=WANG Jianyao, LIAO Hongyuan, WU Yuehua, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
WANG Jianyao,
LIAO Hongyuan,
WU Yuehua,
et al.CSPnet: a new backbone that can enhance learning capability of CNN[C].Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops,
2020:1571-1580., articleTitle=CSPnet: a new backbone that can enhance learning capability of CNN, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820474593779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=5, volume=60, issue=10, pageStart=256, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Lei, HAO Yongding, PAN Mingran, al et, Improved defect detection algorithm in power inspection based on YOLOv, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
WANG Lei,
HAO Yongding,
PAN Mingran,
al et, Improved defect detection algorithm in power inspection based on YOLOv
5s[J], Computer Engineering and Applications, 2024,
60(10):256-265., articleTitle=s, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820562674164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=60, issue=10, pageStart=256, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=王磊, 郝涌汀, 潘明然, journalName=计算机工程与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王磊,郝涌汀,潘明然,
等.电力巡检中改进YOLOv5s的缺陷检测算法研究[J].
计算机工程与应用,
2024,
60(10):256-265., articleTitle=电力巡检中改进YOLOv5s的缺陷检测算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820654948853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=8759, pageEnd=8768, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=LIU Shu, QI Lu, QIN Haifang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
LIU Shu,
QI Lu,
QIN Haifang,
et al.Path aggregation network for instance segmentation[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
2018:8759-8768., articleTitle=Path aggregation network for instance segmentation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820734640630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=26, issue=7, pageStart=3142, pageEnd=3155, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHANG Kai, ZUO Wangmeng, CHEN Yunjin, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
ZHANG Kai,
ZUO Wangmeng,
CHEN Yunjin,
et al.Beyond a gaussian denoiser: residual learning of deep CNN for image denoising[J].
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,
2016,
26(7):3142-3155., articleTitle=Beyond a gaussian denoiser: residual learning of deep CNN for image denoising, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820805943799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=34, issue=null, pageStart=187, pageEnd=203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=RAZAKARIVONY S, JURIE F, journalName=Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
RAZAKARIVONY S,
JURIE F.Vehicle detection in aerial imagery:a small target detection benchmark[J].
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,
2016,
34:187-203., articleTitle=Vehicle detection in aerial imagery:a small target detection benchmark, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820889829880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=14, pageStart=1648, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=GEWALI U B, MONTEIRO S T, SABER E, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
GEWALI U B,
MONTEIRO S T,
SABER E.Spectral super-resolution with optimized bands[J].
Remote Sensing,
2019,
11(14):1648., articleTitle=Spectral super-resolution with optimized bands, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743820969521657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=8, pageStart=951, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=MA Tao, MA Jie, YU Kun, journalName=Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
MA Tao,
MA Jie,
YU Kun.A local feature descriptor based on oriented structure maps with guided filtering for multispectral remote sensing image matching[J].
Remote Sensing,
2019,
11(8):951., articleTitle=A local feature descriptor based on oriented structure maps with guided filtering for multispectral remote sensing image matching, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743821045019130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=8, issue=5, pageStart=2198, pageEnd=2211, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=SUN Xuejian, ZHANG Lifu, YANG Huang, journalName=IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
SUN Xuejian,
ZHANG Lifu,
YANG Huang,
et al.Enhancement of spectral resolution for remotely sensed multispectral image[J].
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,
2015,
8(5):2198-2211., articleTitle=Enhancement of spectral resolution for remotely sensed multispectral image, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743821137293819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=5043, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZHANG Weihang, SUO Jinli, DONG Kaiming, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
ZHANG Weihang,
SUO Jinli,
DONG Kaiming,
et al.Handheld snapshot multi-spectral camera at tens-of-megapixel resolution[J].
Nature Communications,
2023,
14(1):5043., articleTitle=Handheld snapshot multi-spectral camera at tens-of-megapixel resolution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743821229568508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=56, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=24, authorNames=KEUM J, LEE H, journalName=IEEE Computer Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
KEUM J,
LEE H.Speech/music discrimination based on spectral peak analysis and multi-layer perceptron[J].
IEEE Computer Society,
2006,
2:56-61., articleTitle=Speech/music discrimination based on spectral peak analysis and multi-layer perceptron, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743811461034402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811473617315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Equipment Management and UAV Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811674943908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811461034402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1空军工程大学 装备管理与无人机工程学院,西安 710051)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743811754635685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811763024294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Spectroscopic Imaging Technology Laboratory, Xi'an Institute of Optical Precision Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743811779801511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, companyId=1315743811754635685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 光谱成像技术研究室, 西安 710119)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743815143633352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
The framework of SuperYOLO[7], figureFileSmall=0mFv+1sbfyMlhLjVEUIy4Q==, figureFileBig=Tt6CsClH7MUSh6vJT3rz5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815219130825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
SuperYOLO结构[7], figureFileSmall=0mFv+1sbfyMlhLjVEUIy4Q==, figureFileBig=Tt6CsClH7MUSh6vJT3rz5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815424651722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
SuperYOLO multi-modal fusion flowchart, figureFileSmall=VRnVgf0321swG/V49pe8ow==, figureFileBig=BCqgSLcHAaCmDQzhO17oOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815512732107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
SuperYOLO多模态融合流程, figureFileSmall=VRnVgf0321swG/V49pe8ow==, figureFileBig=BCqgSLcHAaCmDQzhO17oOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815600812492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Small target detection results of SuperYOLO. (a)~(c) The original images; (d)~(f) The detection results on the mixed dataset; (g)~(i) The detection results on the HRRSD dataset, figureFileSmall=pntNQOUTz6oT9RQP1otGqw==, figureFileBig=7cHpXSU0igI0ioJ58QxLEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815693087181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
SuperYOLO小目标检测结果。(a)~(c)原始图像;(d)~(f)混合数据集检测结果;(g)~(i)HRRSD数据集检测结果, figureFileSmall=pntNQOUTz6oT9RQP1otGqw==, figureFileBig=7cHpXSU0igI0ioJ58QxLEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815764390350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Patterns of change in F1 and Precision scores for each category at different confidence level. (a)~(c) The original images; (d)~(f) The detection results on the mixed dataset; (g)~(i)The detection results on the HRRSD dataset, figureFileSmall=ZxwQPRkcEEiweSm6gmAbSw==, figureFileBig=z95tp02EoEVLMEjVv8l2JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815844082127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同置信度下各类别F1和Precision分数的变化规律。(a)~(c)原始图像;(d)~(f)混合数据集检测结果; (g)~(i) HRRSD数据集检测结果, figureFileSmall=ZxwQPRkcEEiweSm6gmAbSw==, figureFileBig=z95tp02EoEVLMEjVv8l2JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743815923773904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Small-object detection results of SuperYOLO after adding 5 % and 10 % noise.Red boxes=missed targets, white boxes=false alarms; Column 1 is original images, Column 2 is 5% noise; Column 3 is 10% noise. (a)~(c) fVEDAI dataset; (d)~(f) HRRSD dataset; (g)~(i) Mixed-dataset results, figureFileSmall=bMY303yqpefupAvkhZBUKQ==, figureFileBig=i7gonua8/eOfe2yDkj8owQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816020242897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
SuperYOLO添加5%和10%噪声后小目标检测结果,红色框代表目标漏检,白色框代表错检,第一列为原始图像,中间为5%噪声,第三列为10%噪声。(a)~(c)VEDAI数据集; (d)~(f)HRRSD数据集; (g)~(i)混合数据集检测结果, figureFileSmall=bMY303yqpefupAvkhZBUKQ==, figureFileBig=i7gonua8/eOfe2yDkj8owQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816112517586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Variation patterns of F1 and P scores for different categories under various confidence levels. (a)~(b) Correspond to the case with 5% noise; (c)~(d) Correspond to the case with 10% noise, figureFileSmall=yxxDVKkPdmfhjLGb3GvzJg==, figureFileBig=26bKm45I0nOVC/eTEcktCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816196403667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同置信度下各类别F1和P分数的变化规律。(a)~(b) 5%噪声; (c)~(d) 10%噪声, figureFileSmall=yxxDVKkPdmfhjLGb3GvzJg==, figureFileBig=26bKm45I0nOVC/eTEcktCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816288678356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Variation curve of mAP with added noise intensity, figureFileSmall=gjX0X0yq9e4A2o9Yz8s/Xg==, figureFileBig=6kweTZX6VfALPYka7m1YcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816380953045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
mAP随添加噪声强度的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=gjX0X0yq9e4A2o9Yz8s/Xg==, figureFileBig=6kweTZX6VfALPYka7m1YcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816452256214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Small object detection results of SuperYOLO after adding 5% and 10% noise to the dataset, the first row shows results from the HRRSD dataset, and the second row shows results from the mixed dataset. (a)~(f) are the original images; (b) and (g) are the results with 5% noise added; (c) and (h) are the results with 10% noise added; (d)~(j) are the detection results after denoising, figureFileSmall=ALwwWs51zSVwOKwRWCfVWA==, figureFileBig=xeCHAuDfCR5bDnhlGjPcLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816519365079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
SuperYOLO在数据集添加5%和10%噪声后小目标检测结果,第一行为HRRSD数据集,第二行为混合数据集检测结果。(a)和(f)为原始图像; (b)和(g)添加5%噪声; (e)和(h)为添加10%噪声的结果; (d)~(j)分别为去噪之后目标检测结果, figureFileSmall=ALwwWs51zSVwOKwRWCfVWA==, figureFileBig=xeCHAuDfCR5bDnhlGjPcLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816603251160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Down-sampled SuperYOLO visual detection results. (a)~(d) ground-truth annotations; (e)~(h) detection results after reducing the image spatial resolution to 75%, figureFileSmall=O/P3I1vZvqtmhyy8KfpDjw==, figureFileBig=bp8iWalVMaX8Rh1Fb1riiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816695525849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
降采样SuperYOLO模型视觉目标检测结果。(a)~(d)为真实标注结果; (e)~(h)为图像空间分辨率降采样至75%后的检测结果, figureFileSmall=O/P3I1vZvqtmhyy8KfpDjw==, figureFileBig=bp8iWalVMaX8Rh1Fb1riiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816758440410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Variation patterns of F1 and P scores for different categories under varying confidence levels. (a) and (b) downsampling to 75%; (c) and (d) downsampling to 50%, figureFileSmall=l9LWCjwgQWG3t/HmVrlm0g==, figureFileBig=g7+xDwViH9rSHGDuAv5dtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816833937883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
不同置信度下各类别F1和P分数的变化规律。 (a)和(b)为降采样至75%; (c)和(d)为降采样至50%, figureFileSmall=l9LWCjwgQWG3t/HmVrlm0g==, figureFileBig=g7+xDwViH9rSHGDuAv5dtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743816909435356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Variation curve of mAP with spatial resolution, figureFileSmall=wYascchGwxBWe4iV6GfbBg==, figureFileBig=VIUoojQlL7FuLFkWNtgy0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743818541019613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
mAP随空间分辨率的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=wYascchGwxBWe4iV6GfbBg==, figureFileBig=VIUoojQlL7FuLFkWNtgy0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743818624905694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
AP of each category and mAP of all categories
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5 | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743818733957599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
各类别的AP与总类别的mAP
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5 | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743818847203808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
AP of each category and mAP of all categories after adding noise for VEDAI data
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Object categories (resolution) | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5(0%) | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
| AP@0.5(5%) | 0.741 | 0.553 | 0.578 | 0.282 | 0.261 | 0.125 | 0.499 | 0.319 | 0.420 |
| AP@0.5(10%) | 0.096 | 0.065 | 0.264 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.058 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743818947867105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
VEDAI数据集添加噪声后各类别的AP与总类别的mAP
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Object categories (resolution) | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5(0%) | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
| AP@0.5(5%) | 0.741 | 0.553 | 0.578 | 0.282 | 0.261 | 0.125 | 0.499 | 0.319 | 0.420 |
| AP@0.5(10%) | 0.096 | 0.065 | 0.264 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.058 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743819040141794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
AP of each category and mAP of all categories after changing spatial resolution
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Object categories(resolution) | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5(0%) | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
| AP@0.5(75%) | 0.849 | 0.787 | 0.745 | 0.794 | 0.406 | 0.761 | 0.730 | 0.851 | 0.741 |
| AP@0.5(50%) | 0.648 | 0.531 | 0.625 | 0.480 | 0.299 | 0.616 | 0.237 | 0.274 | 0.464 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743819111444963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743806738248073, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
改变空间分辨率后各类别的AP与总类别的mAP
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Object categories(resolution) | Car | Pickup | Camping | Truck | Other | Tractor | Boat | Van | mAP@0.5 |
|---|
| AP@0.5(0%) | 0.913 | 0.872 | 0.739 | 0.874 | 0.731 | 0.790 | 0.727 | 0.858 | 0.813 |
| AP@0.5(75%) | 0.849 | 0.787 | 0.745 | 0.794 | 0.406 | 0.761 | 0.730 | 0.851 | 0.741 |
| AP@0.5(50%) | 0.648 | 0.531 | 0.625 | 0.480 | 0.299 | 0.616 | 0.237 | 0.274 | 0.464 |
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, picEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316477625225298568, language=CN, name=光子学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324825, updatedTime=1791802324825, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316477625288213129, language=EN, name=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324840, updatedTime=1791802324840, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1315121910733963395, websiteList=[Website(id=1315346106637210224, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791532549771, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533256542, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光子学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349214071210463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533290641, updateTime=1791533290641, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213987324380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533290621, updateTime=1791533290621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214134125026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290656, updateTime=1791533290656, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213966352859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533290616, updateTime=1791533290616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214171873764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290665, updateTime=1791533290665, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214054433247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791533290637, updateTime=1791533290637, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214155096547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290661, updateTime=1791533290661, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214020878813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791533290629, updateTime=1791533290629, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214083793376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533290644, updateTime=1791533290644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214104764897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533290649, updateTime=1791533290649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1315346107014697606, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791532549861, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533251338, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Photonica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349179224932817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533282333, updateTime=1791533282333, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179187184078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533282324, updateTime=1791533282324, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179271070164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282344, updateTime=1791533282344, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179162018253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533282318, updateTime=1791533282318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179292041686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282349, updateTime=1791533282349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179208155600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791533282329, updateTime=1791533282329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179279458773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282346, updateTime=1791533282346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179199766991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791533282327, updateTime=1791533282327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179233321426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533282335, updateTime=1791533282335, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179258487251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533282341, updateTime=1791533282341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光子学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.photon.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPhotoEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265501.0110002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/10.3788/gzxb20265501.0110002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265501.0110002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265501.0110002, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1769270400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)