Article(id=1315743761632710967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0214001, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0214001, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1765382400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-11, onlineDate=1791627358110, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627358110, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627358110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627358110, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=315, endPage=326, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743761838231864, articleId=1315743761632710967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Femtosecond Laser Filament Longitudinal Wandering Property in the Turbulent Air by Numerical Simulation Method, columnId=1315741605458465076, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Lasers and Laser Optics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Femtosecond laser filamentation has drawn much attention from researchers recently, which contains fruitful physical processes, such as the self-focusing induced by the optical Kerr effect, plasma defocusing, self-phase modulation and so on. It has shown great potential for many applications in the atmospheric field, such as remote sensing, lightning control, rain making. When propagating in the atmosphere, the influence of the turbulence on the filament spatial distribution has to be taken into consideration. Many studies have been dedicated to the filamentation distance, filament survival rate, transverse wandering, multiple filaments formation induced by turbulence.
Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the air turbulence can have opposite effects of either increasing or decreasing the filamentation probability and either decreasing or increasing the filament onset distance depending on the initial experiment conditions. However, few studies have been dedicated to explore the mechanism of this phenomenon based on numerical simulation method, which would be significant for understanding the mechanism of the interaction between turbulence and laser filamentation.In this paper, the propagation of a single laser filament was simulated based on the laser filament nonlinear propagation model and the turbulent phase screen model.
The filamentation probability as a function of initial laser beam power was investigated in the turbulent air with turbulence structure constant of 10-13 cm-2/3, 10-12 cm-2/3 and 10-11 cm-2/3. The corresponding minimum initial laser powers for the formation of the laser filament with the filamentation probability larger than 0 under the above three turbulent conditions are 0.96 Pcr,0.68 Pcr and 0.14 Pcr, respectively. Moreover, the filamentation probability increases with the turbulence intensity when the initial laser beam power is less than Pcr. Thus, the air turbulence can trigger the laser filamentation for an initial laser power below the filamentation threshold. In the next step, the effect of a lens as a focusing optics on the filamentation probability in the turbulent air with of 10-12 cm-2/3 has been studied. By using a lens with focal length of 5 m as the focusing optics, the laser filamentation probability is always larger than that without any focusing optics in the turbulent air when the initial laser power is less than the filamenting threshold. However, for a lens with focal length of 2 m, the laser filamentation probability is less than that without any focusing optics in the turbulent air. Thus, using a lens with a relative large focal length could promotes the filamentation probability effectively in the turbulent air. Further, the filament onset distances in the turbulent air with different turbulent intensities have been investigated. The initial laser power is chosen to be 1.4 Pcr. The filament onset distance is 354 cm in the calm air. When is 10-14 cm-2/3, the filament onset distance varies between 349 cm and 358 cm. The average filament onset distance is 353.3 cm. When is 10-11 cm-2/3, the filament onset distance varies between 107 cm and 290 cm. The average filament onset distance is 149.1 cm. The relationship between the average deviation of the filament onset position and has been obtained. For 4×10-13 cm-2/3≤≤4×10-12 cm-2/3, the relationship between and can be fitted linearly well.
The interaction mechanism between the air turbulence and the laser beam can be determined by the parameter Q, which is defined by the ratio of the coherent area in the beam and the power it contains over the critical laser power for self-focusing. When is larger than 2.25×10-12 cm-2/3, Q is larger than 1. Under this condition, the air turbulence is relative strong, leading to the modulation instability of the beam phase, which can promote the filament formation finally. Thus the filament onset distance is always shorter than that without any turbulence. When is less than 2.25×10-12 cm-2/3, Q is much larger than 1. Under this condition, the air turbulence is relative weak, which will act as a noise and suppress the whole beam self-focusing effect. The filamentation probability will decrease and the filament onset distance will be lengthened. This study will pave the way to understand the mechanism of the influence of air turbulence on the filamentation probability and filament onset distance and would be valuable for many applications of the laser filament in the atmosphere.
, authors=Tao ZENG
1, Hongxin NI
1, Huayong TAN
2, authorsList=Tao ZENG, Hongxin NI, Huayong TAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743765369835851, articleId=1315743761632710967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=飞秒激光成丝在空气湍流中的纵向漂移特性数值模拟, columnId=1315741605726900535, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=激光与激光光学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
基于飞秒激光成丝非线性传输模型和随机湍流相位屏模型,运用数值模拟的方法研究了空气湍流对飞秒激光成丝几率和成丝起点距离的影响规律。当初始激光功率低于成丝阈值功率时,湍流可以促进成丝现象的产生,充当触发成丝的开关。同时成丝几率随湍流强度的增大而提高。引入长焦距的透镜作为聚焦条件,可以有效提高湍流环境下的成丝几率。另外,初始激光功率选取为1.4倍成丝阈值功率时,不同湍流条件下成丝起点距离的平均值均得到缩短。湍流强度相对较弱时,成丝起点距离有几率得到延长;湍流相对较强时,成丝起点距离始终小于无湍流时的情形。基于横向相干长度r0和Q值参数,分析了不同初始激光和湍流条件下,湍流对全光束自聚焦效应和相位调制不稳定性的不同影响规律,阐述了湍流影响成丝几率和成丝起点距离的作用机制。研究结果将为湍流环境下飞秒激光成丝控制提供参考,推进成丝在大气领域的实际应用。
, authors=曾涛
1, 倪洪鑫
1, 谭华勇
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Representative random turbulent phase screens. ,Δz0=1 m, figureFileSmall=WXO5iPUeWdtes1YAHzna4w==, figureFileBig=nXNVyFR36PvceuXd4p5+ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743767571845484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
随机湍流相位屏代表。,Δz0=1 m, figureFileSmall=WXO5iPUeWdtes1YAHzna4w==, figureFileBig=nXNVyFR36PvceuXd4p5+ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743767806726509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic of the simulation process. (a) The free propagation of a laser filament in turbulent air; (b) The propagation of a laser filament in turbulent air focused by a lens. The observation screen is at the position of z=10 m, figureFileSmall=9pdoflJpYJPsg5abUQJdWg==, figureFileBig=V1I2cX2BRB39c1hcWGUpFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743767878029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
模拟示意图。(a) 激光成丝在空气湍流中的传输,(b) 透镜聚焦条件下的激光成丝在空气湍流中的传输;观测屏处于z=10 m位置, figureFileSmall=9pdoflJpYJPsg5abUQJdWg==, figureFileBig=V1I2cX2BRB39c1hcWGUpFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743769555751280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Representative laser beam patterns at z=10 m. (a)~(h), (j) Laser beam patterns without filamentation; (i) The filament laser beam pattern. , P=0.73 Pcr, figureFileSmall=WYQNE0NvQonWMkCY0+8oHg==, figureFileBig=n+D7KNVznZzxWOlqshrstQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743769757077874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
z=10 m位置激光光斑图像代表性结果。(a)~(h), (j)未成丝光斑图像;(i) 成丝光斑图像;,P=0.73 Pcr, figureFileSmall=WYQNE0NvQonWMkCY0+8oHg==, figureFileBig=n+D7KNVznZzxWOlqshrstQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743769937432947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Representative laser beam patterns at z=10 m. (a), (d), (f)~(h) Laser beam patterns without filamentation; (b), (c), (e), (i), (j) The filament laser beam patterns. , P=0.83 Pcr, figureFileSmall=naSLRES0Mo8ZmevZDI9oBw==, figureFileBig=wg1lWAQosg8ag5iXaik1bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770075844980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
z=10 m位置激光光斑图像代表性结果。(a), (d), (f)~(h) 未成丝光斑图像;(b), (c), (e), (i), (j) 成丝光斑图像。 ,P=0.83 Pcr, figureFileSmall=naSLRES0Mo8ZmevZDI9oBw==, figureFileBig=wg1lWAQosg8ag5iXaik1bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770247811445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Representative laser beam patterns at z=10 m. (a)~(e), (g)~(j) The filament laser beam patterns; (f) Laser beam patterns without filamentation. , P=0.92 Pcr, figureFileSmall=0bjE2D0jMz1jD6p/bfC/Mg==, figureFileBig=wWmJddgtS1xmXVt0gFOmYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770335891830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
z=10 m位置处激光光斑图像的代表性结果。(a)~(e), (g)~(j)成丝光斑图像;(f) 未成丝光斑图像。, P=0.92 Pcr, figureFileSmall=0bjE2D0jMz1jD6p/bfC/Mg==, figureFileBig=wWmJddgtS1xmXVt0gFOmYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770419777911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The laser peak intensity as a function of propagation distance with the initial laser power of (a) 0.73 Pcr, (b) 0.83 Pcr, and (c) 0.92 Pcr. , figureFileSmall=/Ita2urgZmbDcyKeqECq3g==, figureFileBig=RWHyg8GQf1APTuMvJ2Tf2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770650464633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
初始激光功率分别为(a) 0.73 Pcr,(b) 0.83 Pcr和 (c) 0.92 Pcr时,峰值光强随传输距离变化的10次代表性结果。, figureFileSmall=/Ita2urgZmbDcyKeqECq3g==, figureFileBig=RWHyg8GQf1APTuMvJ2Tf2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770725962107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The filamentation rate varying with the initial laser beam power. (a) The filamentation rate as a function of the initial laser beam power withof , 和; (b) The filamentation rate as a function of the initial laser beam power for the laser beam focused by the lens with focal length of 2 m and 5 m and no optics, figureFileSmall=Lz3XmB7i+V3bF9PX6c+DLA==, figureFileBig=iH6EK/BaFfYbkD3zeAZDsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771023757692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
成丝几率随功率的变化关系。 (a)为,和三种湍流强度条件下,成丝几率随初始激光功率的变化关系;(b) 湍流强度,焦距为2 m和5 m的两种透镜聚焦以及自由传输条件下,成丝几率随初始激光功率的变化关系, figureFileSmall=Lz3XmB7i+V3bF9PX6c+DLA==, figureFileBig=iH6EK/BaFfYbkD3zeAZDsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771107643773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The laser peak power as a function of propagation distance for the initial laser beam focused by the lens with focal length of (a) 5 m and (b) 2 m, where , the initial laser power is 0.83 Pcr; (c) The laser peak power as a function of propagation distance for the initial laser power of 1.4 Pcr where, figureFileSmall=Efg0IvBgnMkvOyydE896Gg==, figureFileBig=wmI0xYJydOhs2W+yauiNtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771195724158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
激光峰值光强随传输距离变化。(a) 5 m和(b) 2 m焦距透镜聚焦,,初始激光功率P为0.83 Pcr,激光峰值光强随传输距离变化的10次代表性结果;(c) 。初始激光功率P为1.4 Pcr,激光峰值光强随传输距离变化的10次代表性结果, figureFileSmall=Efg0IvBgnMkvOyydE896Gg==, figureFileBig=wmI0xYJydOhs2W+yauiNtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771438993791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
The filamentation probability and the average deviation of the filament onset position under different turbulence conditions. (a) The filamentation probability as a function of propagation distance for different turbulent intensities; (b) The average deviation of the filament onset position as a function of and the corresponding linear fitting, figureFileSmall=fotAoMPz3H0Zm355SS7W4A==, figureFileBig=aM6nUORTNxyXRBK1w5ttDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771543851392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743761632710967, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同湍流条件下成丝几率和成丝起点位置平均漂移量。(a) 不同湍流强度条件下成丝几率随传输距离的变化;(b) 成丝起点位置的平均漂移量随的变化关系和线性拟合, figureFileSmall=fotAoMPz3H0Zm355SS7W4A==, figureFileBig=aM6nUORTNxyXRBK1w5ttDg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, 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