Article(id=1315743731190452341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0219001, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752768000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1764518400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineDate=1791627350852, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627350852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627350851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627350851, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=274, endPage=281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743731668602999, articleId=1315743731190452341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Quasi Phase Matching Based on Aperiodic Hat Monohedral Tiling Superlattice Structure, columnId=1315743731593105526, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Nonlinear Optics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Quasi-phase matching technology overcomes the limitations of photonic crystal materials and their transmission bands by artificially designing nonlinear photonic structures. Through periodic ferroelectric domain inversion achieved by electric field poling, this approach compensates for phase mismatch while enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of nonlinear frequency conversion. Quasi-periodic structures, with their aperiodic yet ordered arrangements, provide abundant reciprocal lattice vectors. An increasing variety of superlattice structures have been implemented in optical materials to explore their advantages for generating harmonics across diverse wavelengths.

In this study, we incorporated the aperiodic hat-tiling monotile structure into nonlinear optical superlattices, successfully designing and fabricating a two-dimensional planar hat-tiling superlattice. The attainable harmonic wavelengths and their characteristics were systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the reciprocal space of the aperiodic hat-tiling superlattice exhibits pronounced sixfold rotational symmetry while maintaining periodic intense diffraction points. The diffraction pattern of the hat-tiling superlattice structure exhibits not only hexagonal symmetry but also additional bisecting points between every two vertices of the hexagon. Comparative analysis with conventional periodic structures reveals that the hat-tiling pattern demonstrates more pronounced intensity variations among diffraction spots. Furthermore, the reciprocal vectors in this configuration include additional orientations deviated by 30° from the horizontal axis as well as vertical directions. Under collinear conditions, the structure successfully achieved second-harmonic generation at fundamental wavelengths of 858 nm, 895 nm, 932 nm, 1 055 nm, and 1 100 nm, while under non-collinear conditions, the hat-tiling structure enabled efficient SHG at multiple fundamental wavelengths including 892 nm, 971 nm, 1 089 nm, 1 103 nm, and 1 389 nm. Comparative analysis with periodic hexagonal structures confirmed that the aperiodic hat-tiling offers richer reciprocal vectors. Moreover, the periodicity in reciprocal space significantly enhances the conversion efficiency of nonlinear photonic crystals.

In conclusion, the hat-tiling structure offers reciprocal vectors of varying magnitudes along multiple directions. While preserving the high conversion efficiency characteristic of regular hexagonal structures, it overcomes the limitation of single reciprocal vectors in hexagonal lattices. The hat-tiling structure can provide reciprocal vectors of varying magnitudes along multiple directions to compensate for phase mismatch, thereby extending the achievable frequency bandwidth of fundamental waves. Based on the experimental results, we propose an optimized design by scaling the hexagonal edge length of the hat-tiling superlattice structure to 32.2 μm. This modification enables the strongest diffraction point to correspond to a reciprocal lattice vector that achieves second-harmonic generation for a fundamental wavelength of 1 550 nm, which is particularly significant for optical communication applications. The experimental data provide crucial references for further optimization to fully exploit the high-efficiency diffraction points. These findings advance the development of multi-channel nonlinear optical devices with enhanced spectral flexibility.

, authors=Jingjing GAO, Boqin MA, authorsList=Jingjing GAO, Boqin MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Boqin MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743734432649346, articleId=1315743731190452341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构的准相位匹配, columnId=1315743731752489080, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=非线性光学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

将非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构引入到非线性光学超晶格结构中,设计并制备了二维平面帽子平铺超晶格结构,探究了这种超晶格结构的特性,并以铌酸锂晶体为例理论计算了其可实现的谐波波长。非周期性帽子平铺超晶格的倒空间结构具有较强的六重旋转对称性,同时强衍射点分布具有周期性。在共线条件下,可产生基波波长为858 nm、895 nm、932 nm、1 055 nm、1 100 nm的二次谐波;在非共线条件下,能够实现基波波长为892 nm、971 nm、1 089 nm、1 103 nm、1 389 nm的二次谐波频率转换。通过与周期性结构的衍射图对比,验证了非周期性帽子平铺结构可以提供丰富的倒易矢量,并且由于这种结构强衍射点在倒空间具有周期性,能够有效地提高非线性光子晶体的转换效率。最后,根据实验结果提出改进,计算出超晶格结构中帽子瓷砖对应的六边形边长扩大为32.2 μm时,最强衍射点对应倒易矢量能实现基频波为1 550 nm通讯波长的二次谐波。

, authors=高晶晶, 马博琴, authorsList=高晶晶, 马博琴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马博琴, authorNote=

高晶晶,

, correspAuthorsNote=
马博琴,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cmFCwvib7Ty85BZzGruNCA==, magXml=Hxcx7dDa2I3rWBAnhXVmCg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gVH9evY8dXfbBkWco2PnkA==, pdfFileSize=1831806, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=masMZ5TgC6PiSD/HLtzlDQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WeC/Qity88T+adMHyxIwMA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1315743734759805063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13389158116@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743734868856969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743734759805063, language=EN, stringName=Jingjing GAO, firstName=Jingjing, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743734940160138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743734759805063, language=CN, stringName=高晶晶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024, bio={"content":"

高晶晶,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

高晶晶,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743734659141763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734667530372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734675918981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024)])]), Author(id=1315743735011463308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=maboqin@cuc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743735107932302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743735011463308, language=EN, stringName=Boqin MA, firstName=Boqin, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743735191818383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743735011463308, language=CN, stringName=马博琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743734659141763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734667530372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734675918981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1315743735292481680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Nonlinear optics), Keyword(id=1315743735355396241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=optical superlattice), Keyword(id=1315743735422505106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Quasi-phase matched), Keyword(id=1315743735493808275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Hat monohedral tiling), Keyword(id=1315743735590277268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Reciprocal vector), Keyword(id=1315743735669969045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=非线性光学), Keyword(id=1315743735732883606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=光学超晶格), Keyword(id=1315743735833546903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=准相位匹配), Keyword(id=1315743735921627288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=帽子单瓷砖平铺), Keyword(id=1315743736009707673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=倒易矢量)], refs=[Reference(id=1315743738660507812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1962, volume=127, issue=6, pageStart=1918, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=ARMSTRONG J A, BLOEMBERGEN N, DUCUING J, journalName=Physical Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARMSTRONG J A, BLOEMBERGEN N, DUCUING J, et al. Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric[J]. Physical Review, 1962, 127(6):1918., articleTitle=Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743738740199589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1963, volume=35, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=FRANKEN P A, WARD J F, journalName=Reviews of Modern Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRANKEN P A, WARD J F. Optical harmonics and nonlinear phenomena[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1963, 35: 23-39., articleTitle=Optical harmonics and nonlinear phenomena, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743738836668582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=WANG Bingxia, LIU Shan, XU Tianxiang, journalName=Chinese Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Bingxia, LIU Shan, XU Tianxiang, et al. Nonlinear Talbot self-healing in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2021, 19(6)., articleTitle=Nonlinear Talbot self-healing in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743738928943271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=LIU Shijie, ZHEN Yuanlin, CHEN Xianfeng, journalName=Acta Optica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Shijie, ZHEN Yuanlin, CHEN Xianfeng. Nonlinear frequency conversion in lithium niobate thin films[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(8): 0823013., articleTitle=Nonlinear frequency conversion in lithium niobate thin films, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739029606568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘时杰, 郑远林, 陈险峰, journalName=光学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘时杰, 郑远林, 陈险峰. 铌酸锂薄膜上的非线性频率变换[J].光学学报, 2021, 41(8): 0823013. DOI: 10.3788/aos202141.0823013, articleTitle=铌酸锂薄膜上的非线性频率变换, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739117686953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=8, pageStart=2056, pageEnd=2059, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=CHEN Xin, MAZUR L, LIU Dawei, journalName=Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Xin, MAZUR L, LIU Dawei, et al. Quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation in a PMN-38PT crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 2022, 47(8): 2056-2059., articleTitle=Quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation in a PMN-38PT crystal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739205767338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=12, pageStart=1910, pageEnd=1936, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=LIN Jintian, BO Fang, CHENG Ya, journalName=Photonics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Jintian, BO Fang, CHENG Ya, et al. Advances in on-chip photonic devices based on lithium niobate on insulator[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(12): 1910-1936., articleTitle=Advances in on-chip photonic devices based on lithium niobate on insulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739306430635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=81, issue=19, pageStart=10574625, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=BERGER V, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERGER V. Nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1998,81(19): 10574625., articleTitle=Nonlinear photonic crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739570671788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=4345, pageEnd=4348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=BRODERICK N G R, ROSS G W, OFFERHAUS H L, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRODERICK N G R, ROSS G W, OFFERHAUS H L, et al. Hexagonally poled lithium niobate: a two-dimensional non linear photonic crystal[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84: 4345-4348., articleTitle=Hexagonally poled lithium niobate: a two-dimensional non linear photonic crystal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739662946477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=355, pageEnd=373, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=ARIE A, VOLOCH N, journalName=Laser&Photonics Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARIE A, VOLOCH N. quasi-periodic, and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Laser&Photonics Reviews, 2010, 4: 355-373., articleTitle=quasi-periodic, and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739738443950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=14106789, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=FENG Jing, ZHU Yongyuan, MING Naiben, journalName=Physical Review B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG Jing, ZHU Yongyuan, MING Naiben. Harmonic generations in an optical Fibonacci superlattice[J]. Physical Review B, 1990, 41(9): 14106789., articleTitle=Harmonic generations in an optical Fibonacci superlattice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743739998490799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=11, pageStart=1126002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=WANG Xueying, MA Boqin, journalName=Acta Photonica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xueying, MA Boqin. Multi-wavelength frequency conversion in fractal superlattice crystals[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2023, 52(11): 1126002., articleTitle=Multi-wavelength frequency conversion in fractal superlattice crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740090765488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=11, pageStart=1126002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=王雪颖, 马博琴, journalName=光子学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雪颖,马博琴. 分形超晶格结构晶体中的多波长频率转换[J].光子学报, 2023, 52(11): 1126002. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20235211.1126002, articleTitle=分形超晶格结构晶体中的多波长频率转换, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740170457265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=18, issue=16, pageStart=16539, pageEnd=16545, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=SHENG Yan, BEST A, BUTT H, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHENG Yan, BEST A, BUTT H, et al. Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Cerenkov-type second harmonic generation[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(16): 16539-16545., articleTitle=Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Cerenkov-type second harmonic generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740476641458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=4, issue=3, pageStart=355, pageEnd=373, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=ARIE A, VOLOCH N, journalName=Laser & Photonics Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARIE A, VOLOCH N. Periodic, quasi-periodic and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Laser & Photonics Review, 2010, 4(3): 355-373., articleTitle=Periodic, quasi-periodic and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740573110451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=88, issue=13-15, pageStart=2285, pageEnd=2293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=BAHABAD A, LIFSHITZ R, VOLOCH N, journalName=Philosophical Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAHABAD A, LIFSHITZ R, VOLOCH N, et al. Nonlinear photonic quasicrystals for novel optical devices[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 2008, 88(13-15): 2285-2293., articleTitle=Nonlinear photonic quasicrystals for novel optical devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740837351604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=SMITH D, MYERS J S, KAPLAN C S, journalName=arxiv preprint, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SMITH D, MYERS J S, KAPLAN C S, et al. An aperiodic monotile[J/OL]. arxiv preprint. (2023-7-3) [2025-07-17]https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10798., articleTitle=An aperiodic monotile, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743740904460469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=132, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=SCHIRMANN J, FRANCA S, FLICKER F, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHIRMANN J, FRANCA S, FLICKER F, et al. Physical properties of an aperiodic monotile with graphene-like features, chirality, and zero modes[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2024, 132(8): 086402., articleTitle=Physical properties of an aperiodic monotile with graphene-like features, chirality, and zero modes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743741240004790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=DONG S, journalName=arxiv preprint, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG S. Fibonacci and Lucas Sequences in Aperiodic Monotile Supertiles [J/OL]. arxiv preprint. (2024-4-13) [2025-07-15]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.19621., articleTitle=Fibonacci and Lucas Sequences in Aperiodic Monotile Supertiles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743742955475127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=CASSELMAN B, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASSELMAN B. Hat tricks[EB/OL]. (2023-06-01)[2025-07-16]. https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/06/01/hat-tricks/., articleTitle=Hat tricks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743743379099833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=80, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=KAPLAN C S, O'KEEFFE M, TREACY M M J, journalName=Foundations of Crystallography, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAPLAN C S, O'KEEFFE M, TREACY M M J. Periodic diffraction from an aperiodic monohedral tiling[J]. Foundations of Crystallography, 2024, 80(1): 72-78., articleTitle=Periodic diffraction from an aperiodic monohedral tiling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743743492346042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=MA Boqin, SHI Jianhua, TIAN Saohua, journalName=Acta Photonica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Boqin, SHI Jianhua, TIAN Saohua. Distribution of reciprocalvectors based on diffraction patterns of superlattice structures[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2015, 44(5): 0506001., articleTitle=Distribution of reciprocalvectors based on diffraction patterns of superlattice structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743743580426427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=111, issue=2, pageStart=183, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=MA B Q, REN M L, MA D Let al, journalName=Applied Physics B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA B Q, REN M L, MA D Let al. Multiple second-harmonic waves in a nonlinear photonic crystal with fractal structure[J]. Applied Physics B. 2023.111(2): 183-187., articleTitle=Multiple second-harmonic waves in a nonlinear photonic crystal with fractal structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743743827890364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=87, issue=25, pageStart=251103, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=MA Boqin, WANG Ting, SHENG Yan, journalName=Applied Physics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Boqin, WANG Ting, SHENG Yan, et al. Quasiphase matched harmonic generation in a two-dimensional octagonal photonic superlattice[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2005,87(25): 251103, articleTitle=Quasiphase matched harmonic generation in a two-dimensional octagonal photonic superlattice, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743734659141763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734667530372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734675918981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743736148119706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The matching rules for aperiodic tilings using the hat monotile. (a)Metatile and simplified structure; (b) 3rd-Order H supertile structure; (c) Expansion rule parameters, figureFileSmall=zwv5Fe+n4bplcxkMOx7VMw==, figureFileBig=masMZ5TgC6PiSD/HLtzlDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743736240394395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, label=图1, caption=非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺构成规则。 (a)元瓷砖和简化结构; (b) 3阶超瓷砖结构;(c) 膨胀规则示意, figureFileSmall=zwv5Fe+n4bplcxkMOx7VMw==, figureFileBig=masMZ5TgC6PiSD/HLtzlDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743736454303900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Schematic of superlattice structure masks with different shape under the microscope. (a) Hexagonal lattice; (b) Simple hexagonal lattice; (c) Hat monohedral tiling, figureFileSmall=s94+7QmrFDkn88EAFVdkNw==, figureFileBig=ZV8VmDtrLRE28O3jtNWt3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743736525607069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同形状的超晶格结构在显微镜下的形貌图。(a)六角点阵;(b)六边形点阵;(c)帽子平铺, figureFileSmall=s94+7QmrFDkn88EAFVdkNw==, figureFileBig=ZV8VmDtrLRE28O3jtNWt3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743736592715934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Simulation diagrams of superlattice structure diffraction with different shapes.(a)Hexagonal lattice;(b) Simple hexagonal lattice;(c) Hat monohedral tiling, figureFileSmall=fEXEjBJZZsdIXWgV20b1HQ==, figureFileBig=MaytdWlX54fU6h/F58FjXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743736680796319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同形状的超晶格结构仿真图。(a)六角点阵;(b)六边形点阵;(c)帽子平铺, figureFileSmall=fEXEjBJZZsdIXWgV20b1HQ==, figureFileBig=MaytdWlX54fU6h/F58FjXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743738316574880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Experimental diagrams of superlattice structure diffraction with different shapes (a) Hexagonal lattice; (b) Simple hexagonal lattice;(c) Hat monohedral tiling, figureFileSmall=7ONKaU4vLvhpwFR/V2Hf1g==, figureFileBig=ybrG1izUwHMPPxVX/Wvn6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743738396266657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同形状超晶格结构衍射实验图。(a)六角点阵;(b)六边形点阵;(c)帽子平铺, figureFileSmall=7ONKaU4vLvhpwFR/V2Hf1g==, figureFileBig=ybrG1izUwHMPPxVX/Wvn6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743738471764130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Noncollinear quasi-phase matched frequency doubling in hat-tilling superlattice crystal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Theoretical value of reciproca vector/um-1Fundamental frequency wavelength/nmFrequency doubling wavelength/nm
|G001|=0.9491 103551.5
|G01212|=0.8331 389694.5
|G110|=1.6391 089544.5
|G0320|=1.423971485.5
|G020|=1.898892446
), ArticleFig(id=1315743738547261603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构晶体中的非共线准相位匹配倍频

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Theoretical value of reciproca vector/um-1Fundamental frequency wavelength/nmFrequency doubling wavelength/nm
|G001|=0.9491 103551.5
|G01212|=0.8331 389694.5
|G110|=1.6391 089544.5
|G0320|=1.423971485.5
|G020|=1.898892446
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, picEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316477625225298568, language=CN, name=光子学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324825, updatedTime=1791802324825, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316477625288213129, language=EN, name=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324840, updatedTime=1791802324840, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1315121910733963395, websiteList=[Website(id=1315346106637210224, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791532549771, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533256542, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光子学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349214071210463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533290641, updateTime=1791533290641, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213987324380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533290621, updateTime=1791533290621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214134125026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290656, updateTime=1791533290656, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213966352859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533290616, updateTime=1791533290616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214171873764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290665, updateTime=1791533290665, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214054433247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791533290637, updateTime=1791533290637, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214155096547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290661, updateTime=1791533290661, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214020878813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791533290629, updateTime=1791533290629, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214083793376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533290644, updateTime=1791533290644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214104764897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533290649, updateTime=1791533290649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1315346107014697606, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791532549861, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533251338, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Photonica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349179224932817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533282333, updateTime=1791533282333, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179187184078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533282324, updateTime=1791533282324, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179271070164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282344, updateTime=1791533282344, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179162018253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533282318, updateTime=1791533282318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179292041686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282349, updateTime=1791533282349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179208155600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791533282329, updateTime=1791533282329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179279458773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282346, updateTime=1791533282346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179199766991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791533282327, updateTime=1791533282327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179233321426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533282335, updateTime=1791533282335, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179258487251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533282341, updateTime=1791533282341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光子学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.photon.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPhotoEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1771948800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构的准相位匹配
收藏切换
PDF下载
高晶晶 , 马博琴
光子学报 | 非线性光学 2026,55(2): 274-281
收起
收藏切换
光子学报 |非线性光学 2026 , 55 (2) : 274 -281
基于非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构的准相位匹配
全屏
[Author(id=1315743734759805063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13389158116@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743734868856969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743734759805063, language=EN, stringName=Jingjing GAO, firstName=Jingjing, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743734940160138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743734759805063, language=CN, stringName=高晶晶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024, bio={"content":"

高晶晶,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

高晶晶,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743734659141763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734667530372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734675918981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024)])]), Author(id=1315743735011463308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=maboqin@cuc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743735107932302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743735011463308, language=EN, stringName=Boqin MA, firstName=Boqin, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743735191818383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, authorId=1315743735011463308, language=CN, stringName=马博琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743734659141763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734667530372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743734675918981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743731190452341, companyId=1315743734659141763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024)])])]
高晶晶 , 马博琴
作者信息
  • 1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024
通讯作者:
作者简介:
Quasi Phase Matching Based on Aperiodic Hat Monohedral Tiling Superlattice Structure
Jingjing GAO , Boqin MA
Affiliations
  • 1School of Data Science and Intelligent Media,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001
文章导航
收藏切换

将非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构引入到非线性光学超晶格结构中,设计并制备了二维平面帽子平铺超晶格结构,探究了这种超晶格结构的特性,并以铌酸锂晶体为例理论计算了其可实现的谐波波长。非周期性帽子平铺超晶格的倒空间结构具有较强的六重旋转对称性,同时强衍射点分布具有周期性。在共线条件下,可产生基波波长为858 nm、895 nm、932 nm、1 055 nm、1 100 nm的二次谐波;在非共线条件下,能够实现基波波长为892 nm、971 nm、1 089 nm、1 103 nm、1 389 nm的二次谐波频率转换。通过与周期性结构的衍射图对比,验证了非周期性帽子平铺结构可以提供丰富的倒易矢量,并且由于这种结构强衍射点在倒空间具有周期性,能够有效地提高非线性光子晶体的转换效率。最后,根据实验结果提出改进,计算出超晶格结构中帽子瓷砖对应的六边形边长扩大为32.2 μm时,最强衍射点对应倒易矢量能实现基频波为1 550 nm通讯波长的二次谐波。

非线性光学  /  光学超晶格  /  准相位匹配  /  帽子单瓷砖平铺  /  倒易矢量

Quasi-phase matching technology overcomes the limitations of photonic crystal materials and their transmission bands by artificially designing nonlinear photonic structures. Through periodic ferroelectric domain inversion achieved by electric field poling, this approach compensates for phase mismatch while enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of nonlinear frequency conversion. Quasi-periodic structures, with their aperiodic yet ordered arrangements, provide abundant reciprocal lattice vectors. An increasing variety of superlattice structures have been implemented in optical materials to explore their advantages for generating harmonics across diverse wavelengths.

In this study, we incorporated the aperiodic hat-tiling monotile structure into nonlinear optical superlattices, successfully designing and fabricating a two-dimensional planar hat-tiling superlattice. The attainable harmonic wavelengths and their characteristics were systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the reciprocal space of the aperiodic hat-tiling superlattice exhibits pronounced sixfold rotational symmetry while maintaining periodic intense diffraction points. The diffraction pattern of the hat-tiling superlattice structure exhibits not only hexagonal symmetry but also additional bisecting points between every two vertices of the hexagon. Comparative analysis with conventional periodic structures reveals that the hat-tiling pattern demonstrates more pronounced intensity variations among diffraction spots. Furthermore, the reciprocal vectors in this configuration include additional orientations deviated by 30° from the horizontal axis as well as vertical directions. Under collinear conditions, the structure successfully achieved second-harmonic generation at fundamental wavelengths of 858 nm, 895 nm, 932 nm, 1 055 nm, and 1 100 nm, while under non-collinear conditions, the hat-tiling structure enabled efficient SHG at multiple fundamental wavelengths including 892 nm, 971 nm, 1 089 nm, 1 103 nm, and 1 389 nm. Comparative analysis with periodic hexagonal structures confirmed that the aperiodic hat-tiling offers richer reciprocal vectors. Moreover, the periodicity in reciprocal space significantly enhances the conversion efficiency of nonlinear photonic crystals.

In conclusion, the hat-tiling structure offers reciprocal vectors of varying magnitudes along multiple directions. While preserving the high conversion efficiency characteristic of regular hexagonal structures, it overcomes the limitation of single reciprocal vectors in hexagonal lattices. The hat-tiling structure can provide reciprocal vectors of varying magnitudes along multiple directions to compensate for phase mismatch, thereby extending the achievable frequency bandwidth of fundamental waves. Based on the experimental results, we propose an optimized design by scaling the hexagonal edge length of the hat-tiling superlattice structure to 32.2 μm. This modification enables the strongest diffraction point to correspond to a reciprocal lattice vector that achieves second-harmonic generation for a fundamental wavelength of 1 550 nm, which is particularly significant for optical communication applications. The experimental data provide crucial references for further optimization to fully exploit the high-efficiency diffraction points. These findings advance the development of multi-channel nonlinear optical devices with enhanced spectral flexibility.

Nonlinear optics  /  optical superlattice  /  Quasi-phase matched  /  Hat monohedral tiling  /  Reciprocal vector
高晶晶, 马博琴. 基于非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构的准相位匹配. 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (2) : 274 -281 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001
Jingjing GAO, Boqin MA. Quasi Phase Matching Based on Aperiodic Hat Monohedral Tiling Superlattice Structure[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (2) : 274 -281 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001
准相位匹配技术[1]通过人为设计非线性光子晶体[2-3]的周期结构,采用电场极化技术形成周期性的铁电畴反转来弥补相位失配,克服了光子晶体材料和通光波段的限制,极大拓宽了非线性频率转换[4-5]的应用,提高了频率转换效率和灵活性[6]。BERGER V[7]于1998年将准相位匹配技术推广到二维,克服了一维非线性光子晶体仅能在单一方向上进行光学频率变换的局限。但是周期性的二维超晶格[8]在一个方向上只能提供一个独立的倒易矢量,这使得该方向上的准相位匹配频率变换的波长不能任意选择。准周期结构[9]通过其非周期但有序的排列,能够提供丰富的倒易矢量,从而补偿非线性光学过程中的相位失配。南京大学团队[10]提出了一种基于斐波那契数列的准周期光学超晶格结构,能够同时实现多波长的二次谐波。本研究小组已对二维周期、准周期、分形[11]等超晶格结构进行了系统研究,并制备了相应的非线性光子晶体,分析了各种超晶格结构进行非线性频率转换的谐波特点。
具有多基波、多方向的准相位匹配以及其他基于非线性光子准晶体功能的非线性光学器件得到了广泛的研究[12- 14],探索新的超晶格结构,提高频率转换的效率是一个仍在不断探究的过程。非周期性平铺问题与拓扑学、晶体学和准晶体结构等领域密切相关,例如曾用于解释准晶体结构的彭罗斯平铺就是一种非周期性平铺。一种单一形状的瓷砖,能够在没有间隙或重叠的情况下非周期性地填充二维平面,这种瓷砖被称为爱因斯坦瓷砖,SMITH D等[15]在2023年发现的帽子瓷砖就是一种爱因斯坦瓷砖,创造性地解决了非周期单一瓷砖平铺的问题。帽子瓷砖是一个不对称的十三边形,其独特的几何结构使其无法形成周期性的图案,但仍能完全覆盖整个平面。类比于彭罗斯平铺,非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺的发现进一步拓展了非周期性结构的设计方向。SCHIRMANN J团队[16]研究了一块具有帽子平铺结构的准晶体材料的特性,发现其光谱函数与石墨烯具有显著的相似性,包括六重对称性和类硅特征,但该光谱函数同时又是手性的,具有更丰富光学效应。基于以上研究,本文提出将非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构引入非线性光子晶体的超晶格结构中,并分析帽子平铺超晶格结构可实现的谐波波长及其特性,探索这种超晶格结构在非线性光学频率转换的应用优势。
在高阶的非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构构建[15]过程中,平铺结构的扩大遵循一套严格的构建规则。作为基本图形,帽子瓷砖是一种类似帽子形状的十三边形。由单个帽子瓷砖开始构建最初级的集群结构,称为元瓷砖,可被分成四种类型。元瓷砖又可以构成更大的集群称为超瓷砖,根据形状也可以对应地分为四种类型。从元瓷砖或超瓷砖的一层上升到更大的一层被称为膨胀,下降到较小一层被称为紧缩。元瓷砖本身可以组成超瓷砖,超瓷砖也可以聚集成更大的超瓷砖,一直到铺满无穷大的平面。膨胀过程中简化计算,先将复杂的帽子瓷砖集群简化为不规则六边形、正三角形、平行四边形等简单的几何图形再进行匹配,相邻瓷砖的边必须按照事先设置的方式严格匹配,才能保证边的周围不发生重叠且没有形成重复的排列。构建时主要运用了平移、旋转60°或120°和反射等几何变换。膨胀过程由不同层级之间的共有点作为定位,与角度约束条件共同决定超瓷砖的形状,通过定义参量大小可以计算出不同层级之间的共有点,每层之间的边长膨胀比例τ=(1+5)/2,帽子结构在通过递归方法构建过程中与斐波那契数列和黄金比例存在密切联系[17]。同时不同层级之间并非简单地放大原始集群,而是具有严格的方向特性约束。
图1(a)所示黑色细实线勾勒出的十三边形即帽子瓷砖,帽子瓷砖中有三种长短不同的边,具有特定的比例(1∶3∶2)。以一个帽子瓷砖为例,这三种边可以在正六边形(如红色虚线所示)中被表示出来,分别对应同一个正六边形的一半边长,一半的高和边长的比例。四种元瓷砖T、H、P、F分别由不同数量帽子瓷砖组成,其中T型元瓷砖就是1块帽子瓷砖。元瓷砖可以被简化成如黑色粗实线所示的三角形、平行四边形等简单的几何图形,且如黑色箭头所示具有特定的方向来约束元瓷砖的旋转过程。帽子平铺的每一阶结构的膨胀规则可以通过定义参量大小,计算出不同层级之间的共有点来确定,以图1(b)中三阶的H型超瓷砖的结构示意图为例来说明,不同层级的超瓷砖都可以简化成相同的几何图形,图中红色的点A-F是二阶超瓷砖定位的节点,点A是二阶超瓷砖和元瓷砖两层共用的节点。图1(c)中黑色圆点表示出了更多的共有点位置,同时可用几个特定的参量[18]表示超瓷砖的尺寸、位置和角度:三种长度a、x、y,两类向量Z和g,以及一个角度e。其中,a、x、y表示图1(c)中的各条线段的长度,角度e表示倾斜度且e始终为非正值,向量Z表示三个F元瓷砖如何连接成为一个三元组,g是不平行于Z的所有线段方向上的单位向量。在膨胀和紧缩过程中,如果已知一层元瓷砖或超瓷砖的结构,可以使用上述节点A-F定位另一层中的超瓷砖。具体而言,已知结构中的a、x、y、向量Z0和角度e。任意确定一个共有点A,可以通过相对平移Z0和-(a+2x)g1定位点B,然后可以继续平移-(a+2x)g2和-Z1得到C,类似的可以得到D、E、F,通过这些点可以计算出更高层的所有参数a、x、y、Z、g和e。构建出足够大小的超瓷砖简化层后,将正三角形、平行四边形等简化后的图形重新替换成帽子瓷砖,如图1(c)中黑色箭头所指示,超瓷砖的替换和邻边匹配具有严格的方向特性,需要按照箭头所示的方向对T、H、F三类超瓷砖进行约束,而P类超瓷砖的三元组具有三重旋转对称性,不需要过多进行方向规定,替换后可以得到一个如预设大小的非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构。
准周期结构既具有非周期性,又具有长程有序性,在二维空间中,准周期结构的特点可以通过研究平面结构的倒空间分布来描述。帽子平铺结构在正空间中是非周期性结构,但又具备准周期的光学特性[14],因此研究帽子平铺的倒空间分布特点具有重要的意义。根据外加高压电场极化技术制备非线性光子晶体的要求,本实验设计出一个帽子平铺顶点结构的掩模版,每一个帽子瓷砖的顶点都用大小相等的圆来表示,在非线性光子晶体极化过程中作为铌酸锂非线性光子晶体的电极。为了保证波长的转换效率以及避免极化过程中畴扩展产生的影响,在设计掩模版结构时将单个帽子瓷砖结构对应的六边形边长L设置为13.64 μm,圆的直径d设置为3 μm。根据帽子瓷砖中三种长短不同的边与六边形边长L之间对应的比例关系,在六个方向上存在一定数量且空间尺寸分别为6.82 μm、11.81 μm 和13.64 μm的长度单元,它们之间重复交错排列,构成了帽子平铺结构的基本框架。每次膨胀可以得到自身面积约2.5倍大的超瓷砖。从最基础的元瓷砖T经过六次膨胀的过程得到尺寸为1.2 cm×0.7 cm的掩模版结构。为了对不同的超晶格结构有更好的研究,设计了尺寸1.2 cm×1.6 cm六角点阵周期结构和1.2 cm×1.6 cm六边形点阵周期结构进行比较,同样将对应六边形的边长都设为13.64 μm,顶点的直径设为3 μm。六角点阵、六边形点阵和帽子平铺超晶格结构在显微镜下的形貌图如图2(a)、(b)和(c)所示,图2(c)中红色线条画出了部分帽子瓷砖形状。
采用MATLAB设计仿真程序模拟衍射结果,对超晶格结构的倒空间分布进行理论分析。由于光的衍射在数学上是对图像进行二维傅里叶变换的一种直接体现,对设计好的版图进行二维傅里叶变换即可得到其对应的夫琅禾费衍射倒空间结构。如图3(a)和(b)所示,六角点阵与六边形点阵的模拟衍射点分布形状基本一致,都呈六边形分布的特征,只是衍射点的强弱有区别。六角点阵的模拟衍射点强度基本一致,而六边形点阵模拟衍射点中心一层明显比第二层更弱。对比周期性结构,图3(c)中帽子平铺结构模拟衍射点分布明显比两种周期性结构更丰富,不仅存在六边形的结构,同时在两个顶点之间出现了二分点,衍射点的强弱也有区别,由此可以推测帽子平铺结构可以提供多个方向的不同大小的倒易矢量。
对于六角点阵、六边形点阵和帽子平铺结构的掩模版,采用波长为632.8 nm的He-Ne激光器垂直照射掩模版,实验中掩膜版到衍射屏的距离为25 cm,得到了三种不同的超晶格结构衍射实验图结果,如图4所示。图4(a)中六角点阵的衍射点分布呈六边形,从衍射图样来看,倒空间具有六重旋转对称性,也具有平移对称性。图4(b)中六边形点阵的衍射点分布形状与六角点阵基本一致,只是衍射点中心一层明显比第二层更弱,这与模拟的结果是一致的。测得图4(a)和(b)中心区域相邻强衍射点之间的距离都为0.8 cm,可以选择图中青色箭头所示的三个矢量作为基本倒易矢量,其他倒易矢量可由这三个基本倒易矢量线性叠加而成。在二维结构中,正六边形结构的倒易矢量大小可表示为
|Gm,n|=2π/C0×m2+n2+mn
当m=1,n=0时,基本倒易矢量的大小为0.46 μm-1。根据准相位匹配谐频过程中能量守恒和动量守恒的条件,以铌酸锂晶体为例计算得输入基频波波长为1 352 nm,通过共线准相位匹配可以实现二次谐波的波长为676 nm。
如图4(c)所示,帽子平铺结构的强衍射点分布具有六重对称性,而在强的衍射点之间出现了一个重复的、大致为三角形的稍暗一点的图案,这些稍暗的部分尚不能确定其分布具有何种特殊几何性质。首先,帽子平铺结构的衍射点分布在六个不同的方向具有相似性,相邻的角度为60°,这种结构在六个方向可以同时实现同一波长的谐波转换;同时可以观察到强衍射点的分布不但具有六重旋转对称性,而且具有较明显的周期性,即强衍射点的分布形状基本呈大小相等的六边形在倒空间不断重复。上述衍射结果与KAPLAN研究团队[19]模拟非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺结构得到的衍射图非常吻合,这种结构倒空间分布具有周期性,但它并非二维周期性晶体的衍射图样,而是与手性准晶体密铺结构相符。对于研究不遵循晶体学限制定理的超晶格结构而言,帽子平铺结构表现出了特殊的倒空间分布特征。比如,彭罗斯平铺的准晶体结构具有五重对称性,衍射图样中会出现明确的五重对称轴,衍射斑点密集且非周期性分布;帽子平铺超晶格的衍射图样趋向于六重平面群对称性,并且与彭罗斯平铺的衍射图样不同,它的强衍射点具有周期性,这种特性能够有效提高非线性光子晶体的转换效率,在准相位匹配过程中更具有优势。
此外,帽子平铺超晶格结构的衍射点分布中不仅存在六边形的结构,在六边形两个顶点之间还出现了二分点,这与正空间结构不同方向上存在六边形边的二分点垂直对应,符合正空间和倒空间的对应规律。同时,由于正空间中存在大量的二分点,在倒空间中对应出现了更长的倒易矢量,且最亮的衍射点出现在了较远的衍射点处。在远离中心的位置衍射斑点依然很亮,说明帽子平铺超晶格结构在实现高阶衍射中具有优势。对比两种周期结构,帽子平铺结构衍射点具有更多强弱区别,倒易矢量的方向增加了偏离水平方向30°和竖直方向等。由此证明,帽子平铺结构可以提供多个方向的不同大小的倒易矢量,在延续了正六边形结构高转换率的同时,还克服了正六边形结构单一倒易矢量的缺陷,帽子平铺结构可以提供多个方向的不同大小的倒易矢量来弥补相位失配,扩展了可实现的基频光的频率带宽。
为了方便分析,帽子结构的衍射图中心部分的衍射点可以被划分成多个六边形结构,如图4(c)中绿色线条为部分六边形结构。同时,如图4(c)黄色箭头所示,定义出三个基本倒易矢量G1,G2和G3,整个倒空间可由3个基本倒易矢量±Gi(i=1,2,3)进行线性组合来构成,其中
G1=(1,0)=(100)
G2=cosπ3,sinπ3=(010)
G3=cos2π3,sin2π3=(001)
式中,3个基本倒易矢量Gi是在二维笛卡儿坐标系及三个不同方向矢量表示下完成的,它们的大小相等,其他的倒易矢量都可以由这三个基本倒易矢量线性叠加而成。在计算非线性光子晶体中倒易矢量的大小时,需要将超晶格结构的正空间尺寸、倒易空间倒易矢量大小以及基频波之间的关系建立起来。但是帽子模型超晶格结构不像周期性超晶格结构一样有成熟的正空间基矢和倒易矢量之间的关系。已知六角点阵周期性超晶格结构的倒易矢量分布,帽子模型超晶格结构的倒易矢量大小可基于超晶格结构衍射图计算法[20]得出,比例公式可表示为
|Ghat||Gp|=LhatLp
式中,Ghat和Gp分别为待求帽子平铺结构和周期性六角点阵结构的倒易矢量大小;Lhat和Lp为两种结构衍射图中同阶次衍射亮斑到中心的距离。在掩模版到衍射屏的距离为25 cm的情况下,基本倒易矢量对应的衍射亮斑到衍射中心距离的大小都为1.65 cm,对应的倒易矢量|G001|=0.949 μm-1。图4(c)中表示出的两类倒易矢量分别为(011),(110)和(020),(200),对应的衍射亮斑到衍射中心距离大小为2.8 cm和3.3 cm,误差在5%以内。可知倒易矢量|G110|=1.639 μm-1、|G020|=1.898 μm-1。将得到的倒易矢量理论值代入动量守恒公式,并以铌酸锂晶体为例理论计算入射基波波长,由此可得出帽子平铺结构能够沿不同方向入射,在共线条件下实现基波波长为1 055 nm、895 nm、858 nm的二次谐波输出。在图4(c)中,衍射图中还存在其他倒易矢量,其倒易矢量具有1/2的倍数特征,说明在某些强衍射点之间存在二分点,使得帽子平铺结构可提供更多的倒易矢量。黄色圆圈所示的衍射点也可以用基本倒易矢量分别表示为两类(G1+G2)/2、(G2+G3)/2和3G2/2,对应的倒易矢量大小为0.833 μm-1和1.423 μm-1,可以实现基频波长为1 100 nm和932 nm的二次谐波。由于帽子平铺结构的衍射图强衍射点能观察到明显的六重旋转对称性和周期性,讨论中心部分一个六边形内的倒易矢量分布可以推广到其他六边形结构中,改变基频光的入射方向以满足准相位匹配的共线条件,可以利用不同的倒易矢量在不同方向上得到不同波长的二次谐波。考虑到铌酸锂晶体的通光范围为0.4 μm~4.5 μm之间,覆盖了近中红外区域,且作为激光基频光来源的光参量振荡器的高能量频段为1.4 μm~5.0 μm,倒空间内最强的衍射点对应的倒易矢量为 |G110|=1.639 μm-1,其对应的基频波长895 μm与光参量振荡器的高能量频段中心偏离较大,转换效率可进一步优化。
在二维倒空间中离散分布的衍射点只能实现几种离散激光束的共线准相位匹配倍频过程,通过二维非线性光子晶体中倒易矢量在二维平面内的丰富分布,可以利用非共线准相位匹配倍频来实现更丰富的频率转换过程。同时由于入射基频光方向与倒易矢量方向之间不平行的特点,非共线过程中产生的倍频光可以避开基频光的干扰,得到无杂光的倍频光。在此非共线过程中,根据准相位匹配谐频过程中的能量守恒和动量守恒可得
4πnλ∕2λ2=4πnλλ2+G2+8πnλλGcosθ
式中,θ为入射波矢和倒易矢量之间的夹角。例如,利用关于竖直入射基频光束方向呈现镜像分布的基本倒易矢量(001)和(010),进行非共线准相位匹配谐频。在帽子超晶格结构中,基频光沿着竖直向上的方向入射,与基本倒易矢量的偏离角度为30°,利用这两个呈现镜像分布的倒易矢量,可以形成波长为551.5 nm的倍频输出。如表1所示,在非线性准相位匹配的条件下,利用丰富的倒易矢量也可以实现不同波长的倍频输出。
具有丰富倒易矢量的帽子平铺结构的铌酸锂非线性光子晶体可以应用到多波段频率转换、光参量振荡器优化等多个领域,上述实验数据也为进一步的改进以充分利用转换效率高的强衍射点提供了参考。对于实验结果中存在最强衍射点对应的波长较短的问题,后续设计超晶格结构时可通过扩大帽子瓷砖对应六边形的边长来解决。为了在转化效率高的最强衍射点处实现基频波为1 550 nm通讯波长的二次谐波,计算出在非共线条件下最强衍射点对应倒易矢量|G110|的大小变化,根据超晶格结构衍射图计算法和已有的实验结果进行计算,可得超晶格结构中帽子瓷砖对应的六边形边长约为32.2 μm,扩大了约2.3倍,实际结果由于计算中的误差和实验条件等影响与理论值可能有一定误差,需要改进后进行衍射实验测试。此时,可以通过其他倒易矢量得到基波波长在1.3~2.2 μm范围内共线准相位匹配二次谐波。由于光参量振荡器的高能量频段通常集中在近红外光1.4~5.0 μm之间,这样的设计也有利于光参量振荡器中高能量频段的高效倍频产生。此外,由于帽子结构在通过递归方法构建过程中与斐波那契数列存在密切联系,这个结构有利于将斐波那契序列的准周期结构推广到多个方向,实现不同方向上的斐波那契序列准周期光学超晶格的功能,有待未来进一步探索。
在通过理论计算实现改进之后,制备具有帽子平铺结构的铌酸锂非线性光子晶体,再实验测量和理论计算所制备铌酸锂非线性光子晶体的倍频转换。目前已有采用外加电场极化的方法成功极化了不同类型的铌酸锂非线性光子晶体的研究,包括由圆形电极构成的周期和准周期超晶格结构[21-22]。本研究小组已经制备过八阶、十阶和十二阶等准周期非线性光子晶体,极化帽子平铺结构非线性光子晶体是完全可行的。
本文对非周期性帽子单瓷砖平铺超晶格结构的倒空间分布进行分析,以铌酸锂晶体为例理论计算了超晶格结构可实现的谐波波长。帽子结构衍射图中强衍射点具有六重对称性,且具有周期性。帽子平铺超晶格结构在准相位匹配的条件下,能够产生多个波段的二次谐波;在共线条件下,基频光沿不同方向入射,经过倒易矢量相位补偿能够得到基频波波长858 nm、895 nm、932 nm、1 055 nm、1 100 nm的二次谐波,在非共线条件下能得到基频波波长为892 nm、971 nm、1 089 nm、1 103 nm、1 389 nm的二次谐波。综上所述,帽子平铺超晶格结构的优势在于,能够在六个不同方向同时实现相同的多个波段的谐波输出;强衍射点能观察到明显的六重旋转对称性和周期性,这些特征有利于提高非线性光子晶体的频率转换效率,增强了准相位匹配的实用性;最后,由于倒空间分布大量的二分点,帽子平铺结构倒空间中不同大小、方向的倒易矢量扩展了基频光的基频带宽。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
ARMSTRONG J A, BLOEMBERGEN N, DUCUING J, et al. Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric[J]. Physical Review, 1962, 127(6):1918.
2
FRANKEN P A, WARD J F. Optical harmonics and nonlinear phenomena[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1963, 35: 23-39.
3
WANG Bingxia, LIU Shan, XU Tianxiang, et al. Nonlinear Talbot self-healing in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2021, 19(6).
4
LIU Shijie, ZHEN Yuanlin, CHEN Xianfeng. Nonlinear frequency conversion in lithium niobate thin films[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(8): 0823013.
刘时杰, 郑远林, 陈险峰. 铌酸锂薄膜上的非线性频率变换[J].光学学报, 2021, 41(8): 0823013. DOI: 10.3788/aos202141.0823013
5
CHEN Xin, MAZUR L, LIU Dawei, et al. Quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation in a PMN-38PT crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 2022, 47(8): 2056-2059.
6
LIN Jintian, BO Fang, CHENG Ya, et al. Advances in on-chip photonic devices based on lithium niobate on insulator[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(12): 1910-1936.
7
BERGER V. Nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1998,81(19): 10574625.
8
BRODERICK N G R, ROSS G W, OFFERHAUS H L, et al. Hexagonally poled lithium niobate: a two-dimensional non linear photonic crystal[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84: 4345-4348.
9
ARIE A, VOLOCH N. quasi-periodic, and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Laser&Photonics Reviews, 2010, 4: 355-373.
10
FENG Jing, ZHU Yongyuan, MING Naiben. Harmonic generations in an optical Fibonacci superlattice[J]. Physical Review B, 1990, 41(9): 14106789.
11
WANG Xueying, MA Boqin. Multi-wavelength frequency conversion in fractal superlattice crystals[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2023, 52(11): 1126002.
王雪颖,马博琴. 分形超晶格结构晶体中的多波长频率转换[J].光子学报, 2023, 52(11): 1126002. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20235211.1126002
12
SHENG Yan, BEST A, BUTT H, et al. Three-dimensional ferroelectric domain visualization by Cerenkov-type second harmonic generation[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(16): 16539-16545.
13
ARIE A, VOLOCH N. Periodic, quasi-periodic and random quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals[J]. Laser & Photonics Review, 2010, 4(3): 355-373.
14
BAHABAD A, LIFSHITZ R, VOLOCH N, et al. Nonlinear photonic quasicrystals for novel optical devices[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 2008, 88(13-15): 2285-2293.
15
SMITH D, MYERS J S, KAPLAN C S, et al. An aperiodic monotile[J/OL]. arxiv preprint. (2023-7-3) [2025-07-17]https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10798.
16
SCHIRMANN J, FRANCA S, FLICKER F, et al. Physical properties of an aperiodic monotile with graphene-like features, chirality, and zero modes[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2024, 132(8): 086402.
17
DONG S. Fibonacci and Lucas Sequences in Aperiodic Monotile Supertiles [J/OL]. arxiv preprint. (2024-4-13) [2025-07-15]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.19621.
18
CASSELMAN B. Hat tricks[EB/OL]. (2023-06-01)[2025-07-16]. https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/2023/06/01/hat-tricks/.
19
KAPLAN C S, O'KEEFFE M, TREACY M M J. Periodic diffraction from an aperiodic monohedral tiling[J]. Foundations of Crystallography, 2024, 80(1): 72-78.
20
MA Boqin, SHI Jianhua, TIAN Saohua. Distribution of reciprocalvectors based on diffraction patterns of superlattice structures[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2015, 44(5): 0506001.
21
MA B Q, REN M L, MA D Let al. Multiple second-harmonic waves in a nonlinear photonic crystal with fractal structure[J]. Applied Physics B. 2023.111(2): 183-187.
22
MA Boqin, WANG Ting, SHENG Yan, et al. Quasiphase matched harmonic generation in a two-dimensional octagonal photonic superlattice[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2005,87(25): 251103
2026年第55卷第2期
PDF下载
88
35
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001
  • 接收时间:2025-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18
  • 录用日期:2025-12-01
基金
作者信息
    1中国传媒大学 数据科学与智能媒体学院,北京 110024

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219001
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏