Article(id=1315743694016328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0222006, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0222006, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752508800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1759075200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-29, onlineDate=1791627341989, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627341989, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627341989, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627341989, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=125, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743694226043456, articleId=1315743694016328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Research on Aberration Correction Based on PINN for Secondary Dispersive Objective in GRIN Fibers Spectral Confocal, columnId=1315743623623332133, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Optical Design and Fabrication, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Precise micro-displacement measurement technology plays a critical role in real-time defect monitoring during manufacturing processes, ensuring adherence to accuracy standards and significantly reducing scrap loss. Chromatic confocal displacement measurement systems operate based on the principles of optical dispersion and confocal technology. Through chromatic encoding, a wavelength-axial position mapping relationship is established, while confocal imaging decodes the reflected spectrum. This enables real-time displacement measurement with sub-micrometer accuracy within a millimeter range, simultaneously providing nanometer-level resolution and robust environmental adaptability. The measurement range and accuracy are constrained by the axial dispersion and aberrations of the dispersive objective. To expand the measurement range and enhance the accuracy of the chromatic confocal displacement sensing system, a secondary dispersion objective based on Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber was designed in this study. The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) algorithm was leveraged in conjunction with ZEMAX software simulation to broaden the system's chromatic dispersion while achieving comprehensive compensation and correction of aberrations in both the secondary dispersion objective and the pre-dispersion GRIN fiber.
Firstly, based on the working principle of chromatic confocal displacement sensors, a GRIN fiber-based chromatic confocal system was proposed. A pre-dispersion unit employing GRIN fiber was established according to its refractive index distribution and the Cauchy dispersion model. The relationship between wavelength and axial dispersion was derived. The chromatic focal shift of the GRIN fiber at different pitch numbers was simulated and analyzed. It was determined that at a GRIN fiber pitch number of m=5, an axial pre-dispersion of 1.496 mm could be achieved, with a linearity R² of approximately 95%. Subsequently, based on Hamiltonian optics theory, the aberrations introduced by the GRIN fiber were derived. Based on the calculated equivalent object position of the GRIN fiber pre-dispersion unit and aberration theory, the GRIN fiber aberrations were analyzed. A secondary dispersion objective was then specifically designed. Its dispersion performance was analyzed and aberrations were optimized using ZEMAX. Finally, to improve system resolution and correct aberrations, an aberration correction method employing PINN combined with ZEMAX for closed-loop verification was proposed. A dataset correlating “lens parameters” with “Zernike aberrations” was established using ZEMAX. Combined with aberration data from the pre-dispersion GRIN fiber, PINN was utilized to predict feedback and perform iterative optimization. This facilitated comprehensive aberration correction and optimized axial dispersion linearity.
Within the operating wavelength range, the corrected spherical aberration values were significantly lower than pre-correction levels, with particularly pronounced correction in the short-wavelength region. Post-correction spherical aberration values for all wavelengths were markedly optimized, demonstrating effective spherical aberration correction. The aberration correction model demonstrated strong generalization capability, and the overall model training was effective, confirming successful aberration correction. The effectiveness of the aberration correction methodology using ZEMAX software combined with the PINN algorithm for closed-loop verification was thus validated. Following algorithmic optimization, a new optimized dispersive objective lens group was obtained. Results demonstrate that the maximum system aberration was reduced below 10 μm. Total axial dispersion reached 4.34 mm with a linearity R² of 99.84%. Theoretical resolution was approximately 25 nm. In the optimized system, the RMS spot radius at the focal point for each wavelength across the visible spectrum was smaller than the Airy disk, achieving diffraction-limited performance and meeting high-precision displacement measurement requirements. This study provides novel chromatic confocal system optimization, enhancing displacement measurement performance and advancing practical engineering implementation.
, authors=Chunyan LI, Xiaolong ZHAO, Jihong LIU, Kaikai WEI, Jiaxin WEI, Ruixin LU, Kaili REN, authorsList=Chunyan LI, Xiaolong ZHAO, Jihong LIU, Kaikai WEI, Jiaxin WEI, Ruixin LU, Kaili REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaolong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743698269352539, articleId=1315743694016328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于PINN的GRIN光纤光谱共焦二级色散物镜像差校正研究, columnId=1315743623807881511, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=光学设计与制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为扩大光谱共焦位移传感系统的测量范围并提高测量精度,设计了基于梯度折射率(Gradient Index, GRIN)光纤的二级色散物镜,并利用物理信息神经网络(Physics-Informed Neural Network, PINN)算法结合ZEMAX软件仿真,在扩大系统色散范围的同时,实现二级色散物镜与预色散GRIN光纤像差的综合补偿与校正。首先,根据GRIN光纤的折射率分布形式及柯西色散,建立了GRIN光纤预色散单元,推导了波长与轴向色散之间的关系,并仿真分析了不同节距数时GRIN光纤的色焦移,当GRIN光纤节距数m=5时,能够达到1.496 mm的轴向预色散,线性度R²约为95%;然后,根据计算获得的GRIN光纤预色散单元的等效物点位置及像差理论,推导了GRIN光纤的像差,设计了二级色散物镜,并利用ZEMAX进行了色散性能分析及像差优化;最后,为提高系统分辨率,校正系统像差,提出了采用PINN结合ZEMAX形成闭环验证的像差校正方法,通过ZEMAX建立“透镜参数-Zernike像差”数据集,结合预色散GRIN光纤的像差数据,利用PINN预测反馈并进行迭代优化,实现整体像差的综合补偿校正及轴向色散线性度优化。结果表明:系统的最大像差降至10 μm以内,综合轴向色散达到4.34 mm,线性度R²达99.84%,搭配纳米级光谱仪,理论分辨率可达25 nm。该研究对光谱共焦位移传感系统的设计和性能优化具有一定指导意义。
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1西安邮电大学 电子工程学院, 西安 710121)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743703185076876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic of spectral confocal displacement system, figureFileSmall=P4l4dje159j64qYSP/ks5w==, figureFileBig=4eL6pyqeYLLNgENerBwBuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743703252185741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
光谱共焦位移传感系统工作原理, figureFileSmall=P4l4dje159j64qYSP/ks5w==, figureFileBig=4eL6pyqeYLLNgENerBwBuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743703549981326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Spectral confocal displacement measurement system based on GRIN fiber, figureFileSmall=lIHxtKmMSxsUjVWdNDVyhQ==, figureFileBig=POWtvbUWoSprp8LKzx6IYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743703625478799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
基于GRIN光纤的光谱共焦位移测量系统, figureFileSmall=lIHxtKmMSxsUjVWdNDVyhQ==, figureFileBig=POWtvbUWoSprp8LKzx6IYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743703940051600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Focus shift of different pitch numbers of GRIN fibers, figureFileSmall=hKEY+f3dJdDN9I6pzPjEGA==, figureFileBig=p5tmBj1AniX2t4yGdVadnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704007160465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同节距数下GRIN光纤的色焦移, figureFileSmall=hKEY+f3dJdDN9I6pzPjEGA==, figureFileBig=p5tmBj1AniX2t4yGdVadnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704074269330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Spherical aberration of GRIN fibers at different pitches, figureFileSmall=FN56xW0TS5OC8bW4Y18z5Q==, figureFileBig=PP5SslkyAuj38lyGJduu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704325927571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同节距下GRIN光纤单色光球差, figureFileSmall=FN56xW0TS5OC8bW4Y18z5Q==, figureFileBig=PP5SslkyAuj38lyGJduu/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704409813652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of GRIN fiber blue light path, figureFileSmall=9l8EPLM1csEaD6I8ciYymA==, figureFileBig=qQkY88FR3vN1JrA0vCwJvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704531448469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
GRIN光纤蓝光光路示意图, figureFileSmall=9l8EPLM1csEaD6I8ciYymA==, figureFileBig=qQkY88FR3vN1JrA0vCwJvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704606945942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The axial position of the equivalent image point and the equivalent point, figureFileSmall=b7ORxDfcZ0T7LeXwCkembg==, figureFileBig=q69ltVl4/P+fzzhErklQgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704665666199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
等效像点与等效物点的轴向位置, figureFileSmall=b7ORxDfcZ0T7LeXwCkembg==, figureFileBig=q69ltVl4/P+fzzhErklQgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704720192152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The axial position of the equivalent image point and the equivalent point, figureFileSmall=3QI2Waa8yftCSfVp4Ww+sg==, figureFileBig=L5Axt8s/0acAIUVUmhYmxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704799883929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
GRIN光纤的等效球差, figureFileSmall=3QI2Waa8yftCSfVp4Ww+sg==, figureFileBig=L5Axt8s/0acAIUVUmhYmxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704862798490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Calibration model flow chart, figureFileSmall=SLRXib1G0e40E4dxgiUkNg==, figureFileBig=KG6p/wF9bWuL1rDVk48afw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743704938295963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
校正模型流程图, figureFileSmall=SLRXib1G0e40E4dxgiUkNg==, figureFileBig=KG6p/wF9bWuL1rDVk48afw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705135428252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
PINN network training process, figureFileSmall=rPGyKLbcrEF1+cN8PRh13Q==, figureFileBig=WgByKt769RCKBHSB+ginZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705198342813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
PINN网络训练过程, figureFileSmall=rPGyKLbcrEF1+cN8PRh13Q==, figureFileBig=WgByKt769RCKBHSB+ginZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705265451678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Comparison of system spherical aberration optimization, figureFileSmall=cPXIpg4FKzzHmjlz+oq5kQ==, figureFileBig=IVvdml/y8dTVv7rCHTU9fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705340949151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
系统球差优化对比, figureFileSmall=cPXIpg4FKzzHmjlz+oq5kQ==, figureFileBig=IVvdml/y8dTVv7rCHTU9fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705403863712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Optimized dispersion objective lens, figureFileSmall=39eYaInbkvtkHPLpClTv9Q==, figureFileBig=A31anQR+CJnH/WNLzNnI3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743705554858657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
优化后的色散物镜布局, figureFileSmall=39eYaInbkvtkHPLpClTv9Q==, figureFileBig=A31anQR+CJnH/WNLzNnI3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743707073196706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Points of different wavelengths, figureFileSmall=uY0tcit+FetAehLHGVJucA==, figureFileBig=vHs0DW1hrWWYVcUSE3QDRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743707144499875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743694016328255, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
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