Article(id=1315743656124990249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206003, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0206003, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760025600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-10, onlineDate=1791627332954, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627332954, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627332954, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627332954, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=173, endPage=184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743657899180842, articleId=1315743656124990249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Design and Characterization of a Dual-channel Cascaded No-core Fiber SPR Sensor Based on MXene, columnId=1315741724413113295, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Fiber Optics and Optical Communications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensing technology detects changes in environmental parameters, such as Refractive Index (RI), by exciting surface plasmon waves through the interaction between incident light and free electrons on a metal surface. Fiber-optic SPR sensors have been widely applied in medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring due to their compact size, low cost, and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, conventional single-channel SPR sensors contain only one sensing region, which limits their capability for simultaneous multi-parameter detection in complex environments. Meanwhile, the emerging two-dimensional material Ti3C2-MXene (hereafter referred to as MXene), featuring a high specific surface area and anisotropic electrical properties, has demonstrated great potential for enhancing sensor sensitivity and enabling accurate detection of trace analytes.

Leveraging the properties of MXene, in this study, a dual-channel No-core Fiber (NCF) SPR sensor based on MXene is proposed and optimized to address the demand for high-sensitivity and multi-parameter detection in complex environments. The sensor is constructed by cascading a Multimode Fiber (MMF) with two segments of NCFs. Channel 1 is coated with a gold film, while channel 2 is functionalized with a composite film of gold-cysteamine-MXene. Owing to the different dielectric constants of the two sensing coatings, SPR is excited at distinct spectral regions, enabling dual-channel RI sensing. The optimal structural parameters, including a 50 nm gold layer, NCF lengths of 5 mm (channel 1) and 12 mm (channel 2), and MXene film thickness, are determined via the commercial finite element method software COMSOL Multiphysics.

In the experiment, a gold film with a thickness of approximately 50 nm is deposited on channel 1 using an ionsputter coater (SBC-12), with a sputtering time of 310 s and a current of 6 mA. MXene nanosheets are subsequently immobilized onto the gold surface of channel 2 via electrostatic self-assembly. Specifically, channel 2 is immersed in a 4 mg/mL cysteamine solution for 30 minutes, during which the thiol groups of cysteamine formed Au-S bonds with the gold film, while the ammonium ions render the surface positively charged. Thereafter, channel 2 is immersed in a 5 mg/mL monolayer-dispersed MXene solution for 2 hours. The negatively charged —F and —O terminal groups on the MXene surface interacts electrostatically with the positively charged ammonium groups, resulting in the uniform deposition of a monolayer MXene film on the fiber-optic surface. Surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the successful immobilization of gold, cysteamine, and MXene. The sensor's RI sensitivity is evaluated by monitoring resonance shifts in NaCl solutions with varying RI. Simulation and experimental results consistently demonstrate that increasing MXene thickness improves RI sensitivity and expands the dual-peak separation. This improvement is attributed to the low carrier concentration and high mobility of MXene, which modulate the SPR resonance from the visible to the near-infrared region and enhance the interfacial electric field.

Within the RI range of 1.333 to 1.366, as the number of MXene layers deposited on the surface of channel 2 increases from 0 to 5, the resonance wavelength of channel 2 exhibits a red shift, which is consistent with the simulation results. When the MXene reaches three layers, the resonance peaks of the two channels become completely separated. The RI sensitivity of channel 1 remains stable between 1 850 and 1 900 nm/RIU, with its Full Width At Half Maximum (FWHM) and Figure Of Merit (FOM) showing minimal variation. In contrast, the resonance wavelength of channel 2 (SPR-2) red-shifts from 604.15 nm to 781.28 nm, and its RI sensitivity increases from 2 016.31 nm/RIU to 4 209.16 nm/RIU, representing an improvement of 108.75%. Meanwhile, the resonance wavelength undergoes a red-shift from 604.15 nm to 781.28 nm. However, excessive MXene thickness results in a deterioration in the FOM. To achieve a balance between sensitivity and FOM, a four-layer MXene structure is selected for channel 2. After cascading with channel 1, the dual-channel SPR sensor exhibits optimal performance, achieving a dual-peak separation of 125.35 nm. The RI sensitivities of channel 1 and channel 2 are 1 894.27 nm/RIU and 4 001.48 nm/RIU, respectively, with corresponding FOM values of 16.86 RIU-1 and 32.99 RIU-1. Compared with the pure gold film structure, the RI sensitivity of channel 2 is increased by 98.45%.

The dual-parameter detection capability is validated by immersing the two sensing regions in solutions with different RIs. The results demonstrates that both channels responded independently to external RI changes. In the independent response tests, channel 1 and channel 2 achieve RI sensitivities of 1 826.25 nm/RIU and 4 317.96 nm/RIU, respectively, confirming the sensor's potential for simultaneous detection of different analytes. To evaluate the stability of the sensor, both sensing regions are simultaneously immersed in pure water and monitored continuously for 60 minutes. The maximum resonance wavelength fluctuations are only ±0.17 nm for channel 1 and ±0.21 nm for channel 2, indicating the excellent stability of the sensor. Compared with existing dual-channel SPR sensors, the proposed sensor features a simplified structure, ease of fabrication, and low cost, while delivering significantly enhanced RI sensitivity. These advantages make it a promising candidate for multi-parameter biosensing and environmental monitoring applications.

, authors=Yao HUANG, Binbin LUO, Shenghui SHI, Yan LIU, Jian CHEN, Shengxi WU, Xiaotian DENG, Mingfu ZHAO, authorsList=Yao HUANG, Binbin LUO, Shenghui SHI, Yan LIU, Jian CHEN, Shengxi WU, Xiaotian DENG, Mingfu ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Binbin LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743659664982843, articleId=1315743656124990249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器设计及特性研究, columnId=1315741724673160145, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=光纤光学与光通信, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

提出一种基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤表面等离子体共振传感器。该传感器由多模光纤级联两段无芯光纤(No-core Fiber,NCF)构成,其中通道1的NCF区域仅涂覆金膜,通道2的NCF区域通过静电自组装法将MXene固定在金膜表面。理论分析表明,当通道1和通道2的NCF长度分别为5 mm和12 mm时,共振峰可见度最佳,且MXene厚度增加可扩大共振峰间距。实验结果表明,在1.333~1.366折射率范围内,MXene层数从0增至5层时,通道2的折射率灵敏度从2 016.31 nm/RIU提升至4 209.16 nm/RIU,增幅达108.75 %。综合考虑折射率灵敏度和品质因数(Figure of Merit,FOM),确定MXene最佳层数为4层,此时通道1和通道2的折射率灵敏度分别达1 894.27 nm/RIU和4 001.48 nm/RIU,FOM分别为16.86 RIU-1和32.99 RIU-1。该传感器结构简单、成本低廉且操作便捷,在双参数生化传感领域具有良好的应用潜力。

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DOI: 10.7498/aps.72.20231110, articleTitle=基于紫磷增敏的即插即用式双通道光纤表面等离激元共振折射率计, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743659912446780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743659920835389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, companyId=1315743659912446780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743659925029694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, companyId=1315743659912446780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆理工大学 光纤传感与光电检测重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743664182248305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structural of fiber-optic sensor, figureFileSmall=Ce1mfvibIifA5vwk7UgIuw==, figureFileBig=kvVZBSi+MRdYXmUgqneA+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664240968562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图1, caption=光纤传感器结构示意, figureFileSmall=Ce1mfvibIifA5vwk7UgIuw==, figureFileBig=kvVZBSi+MRdYXmUgqneA+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664438100851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Simulation results for dual-channel SPR sensor. (a) Transmission spectra with different gold film thickness; (b) RI sensitivity for different gold film thicknesses; (c) Transmission spectra with Channel 1 length varying from 3 mm to 7 mm; (d) Transmission spectra with MXene thickness variation in Channel 2; (e) Tansmission spectra of 5 nm MXene-coated Channel 2; (f) Tansmission spectra of 6 nm MXene-coated Channel 2; (g) Tansmission spectra of 7 nm MXene-coated Channel 2; (h) RI sensitivity for different MXene film thicknesses; (i) FWHM and FOM, figureFileSmall=cD5FeJfma02Ff4fhfdeDBA==, figureFileBig=P8itaxvWsDLcADTS6oKvMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664534569844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图2, caption=双通道SPR传感器仿真结果。(a)不同金膜厚度的透射光谱;(b)不同金膜厚度的折射率灵敏度;(c)通道1长度由3 mm变化到7 mm的透射光谱;(d)通道2随MXene厚度变化的透射光谱;(e)通道2涂敷5 nm MXene的透射光谱;(f)通道2涂敷6 nm MXene的透射光谱;(g)通道2涂敷7 nm MXene的透射光谱;(h)不同MXene薄膜厚度的折射率灵敏度;(i)半峰全宽和品质因数, figureFileSmall=cD5FeJfma02Ff4fhfdeDBA==, figureFileBig=P8itaxvWsDLcADTS6oKvMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664631038837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fabrication process of the dual-channel MXene fiber-optic SPR sensor, figureFileSmall=D0SLM4buXLGupVLm4NbuTQ==, figureFileBig=FzE9V8nepNjMqLvL06Psug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664706536310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图3, caption=双通道MXene光纤SPR传感器的制备工艺, figureFileSmall=D0SLM4buXLGupVLm4NbuTQ==, figureFileBig=FzE9V8nepNjMqLvL06Psug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664777839479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Layer-by-layer characterization of sensor surface coatings. (a) Photograph of the fabricated sensor; (b) SEM image (500×) of Au film (inset: 50 K×); (c) Cross-sectional SEM of Au-coated fiber; (d) SEM image (500×) of Au-Cysteamine film (inset: 50 K×); (e) SEM image (500×) of Au-Cysteamine-MXene film (inset: 10 K×); (f) Cross-sectional SEM of Au-Cysteamine-MXene-coated fiber; (g) EDS analysis; (h) EDS elemental mapping of Au-Cysteamine-MXene composite, figureFileSmall=14BB3vTO7ATtDwMxO+yI7w==, figureFileBig=9vjaxn+pn63oowTOfcJOsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664895279992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图4, caption=传感器表面涂层材料的逐层表征。(a)传感器实物;(b)金膜的500倍SEM图像(插图为50 K倍);(c)金膜包覆的光纤截面SEM图;(d)金-半胱胺膜的500倍SEM图像(插图为50 K倍);(e)金-半胱胺-MXene膜的500倍SEM图像(插图为10 K倍);(f)金-半胱胺-MXene膜包覆的光纤截面SEM图;(g) EDS分析;(h)金-半胱胺-MXene复合材料的元素分布, figureFileSmall=14BB3vTO7ATtDwMxO+yI7w==, figureFileBig=9vjaxn+pn63oowTOfcJOsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664987554681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Experimental system. (a) Experimental system for dual-channel detection in identical RI solutions; (b) Microscope slide placement for dual-channel detection in different RI solutions, figureFileSmall=W76PV9RLSeF+Gmg1n6NDcA==, figureFileBig=QLKPuccoapvgl7awdGkyUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666635916154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图5, caption=实验系统。(a)在相同折射率溶液中进行双通道检测的实验系统;(b)在不同折射率溶液中进行双通道检测的载玻片放置示意图, figureFileSmall=W76PV9RLSeF+Gmg1n6NDcA==, figureFileBig=QLKPuccoapvgl7awdGkyUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666728190843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=RI response of fiber-optic SPR sensors with different NCF lengths. (a) Transmission spectra for NCF length of 5 mm; (b) Transmission spectra for NCF length of 12 mm; (c) RI sensitivity comparison, figureFileSmall=x4azimPhsVnMs81KSL3fHA==, figureFileBig=XqJ258QWMTewGqjxqalO1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666803688316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同NCF长度的SPR传感器的RI响应。(a)NCF为5 mm的透射光谱;(b)NCF为12 mm的透射光谱;(c)折射率灵敏度对比, figureFileSmall=x4azimPhsVnMs81KSL3fHA==, figureFileBig=XqJ258QWMTewGqjxqalO1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666870797181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Response of both channels simultaneously immersed in solutions with identical RI. (a) Transmission spectra with MXene thickness variation; (b) Transmission spectra after deposition of a three-layer MXene film; (c) Transmission spectra after deposition of a four-layer MXene film; (d) Transmission spectra after deposition of a five-layer MXene film; (e) RI sensitivity comparison; (f) FWHM and FOM, figureFileSmall=LOoOWcXMX1IWuovgjqKrLg==, figureFileBig=irXFb5mkh3TFsMnVhtRqjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666979849086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图7, caption=双通道同时浸入相同RI溶液的响应。(a)随MXene厚度变化的透射光谱;(b)沉积3层MXene的透射光谱;(c)沉积4层MXene的透射光谱(d)沉积5层MXene的透射光谱;(e)折射率灵敏度对比;(f)半峰全宽和品质因数, figureFileSmall=LOoOWcXMX1IWuovgjqKrLg==, figureFileBig=irXFb5mkh3TFsMnVhtRqjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667063735167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Evaluation of dual-parameter detection and stability of the proposed sensor. (a) Transmission spectra with different RI (Channel 1 fixed in a RI of 1.333); (b) Linear fitting curve (Channel 1 fixed in a RI of 1.333); (c) Transmission spectra with different RI (Channel 2 fixed in a RI of 1.366); (d) Linear fitting curve (Channel 2 fixed in a RI of 1.366); (e) Transmission spectra variation in pure water over 60 min; (f) Resonance wavelength variation in pure water over 60 min, figureFileSmall=GftRZyxaBlP5bs+eOuWD8A==, figureFileBig=Wb10nZFf9epmjn8VJqlpvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667139232640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=图8, caption=传感器的双参数检测能力与稳定性测试。(a)不同折射率下的透射光谱(通道1折射率固定为1.333);(b)线性拟合曲线(通道1折射率固定为1.333);(c)不同折射率下的透射光谱(通道2折射率固定为1.366);(d)线性拟合曲线(通道2折射率固定为1.366);(e)在纯水中60 min内的透射光谱变化;(f)在纯水中60 min内的共振波长变化, figureFileSmall=GftRZyxaBlP5bs+eOuWD8A==, figureFileBig=Wb10nZFf9epmjn8VJqlpvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667218924417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Thickness and complex refractive index of various materials at the wavelength of 633 nm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MaterialsThickness/nmRefractive index/RIUReference
Gold film20~700.162 36 + 3.491 9 i[25]
Ti3C2-MXene3~71.670 2 + 1.136 1 i[26]
Target analyte—1.333~1.366—
), ArticleFig(id=1315743667311199106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656124990249, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各材料在波长633 nm下的厚度与复折射率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MaterialsThickness/nmRefractive index/RIUReference
Gold film20~700.162 36 + 3.491 9 i[25]
Ti3C2-MXene3~71.670 2 + 1.136 1 i[26]
Target analyte—1.333~1.366—
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Comparison of RI sensing performance among different types of dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensors

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No.StructureMaterialsRI range/RIUSensitivity/(nm·RIU-1)Ref.
Channel 1Channel 2Channel 1Channel 2
1U-shaped MMF-MMF-U-shaped MMF50 nm Au50 nm Au1.333~1.3851 4143 687[9]
2MMF-TCF-MMFAuAu-ZnO1.331~1.3631 6001 948[11]
3Micro-cone on SMF end facetCu-TiO2-PDMSCu-TiO2-PVA1.330~1.360195.023 419.22[28]
4Large-diameter
multimode PCSF
25 nm Ag40 nm Ag1.333~1.3501 334.561 730.88[29]
5PCFAu-AgAg-Ag-graphene1.330~1.3662 5003 083[30]
6Reflective MMFViolet phosphorus-AuAu-Violet phosphorus1.335 2~1.347 22 017.752 851.73[31]
7MMF-NCF-MMF-NCF-MMFAuAu-Cysteamine-MXene1.333~1.3661 894.274 001.48This Work
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不同类型的双通道光纤SPR传感器之间的折射率传感性能比较

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No.StructureMaterialsRI range/RIUSensitivity/(nm·RIU-1)Ref.
Channel 1Channel 2Channel 1Channel 2
1U-shaped MMF-MMF-U-shaped MMF50 nm Au50 nm Au1.333~1.3851 4143 687[9]
2MMF-TCF-MMFAuAu-ZnO1.331~1.3631 6001 948[11]
3Micro-cone on SMF end facetCu-TiO2-PDMSCu-TiO2-PVA1.330~1.360195.023 419.22[28]
4Large-diameter
multimode PCSF
25 nm Ag40 nm Ag1.333~1.3501 334.561 730.88[29]
5PCFAu-AgAg-Ag-graphene1.330~1.3662 5003 083[30]
6Reflective MMFViolet phosphorus-AuAu-Violet phosphorus1.335 2~1.347 22 017.752 851.73[31]
7MMF-NCF-MMF-NCF-MMFAuAu-Cysteamine-MXene1.333~1.3661 894.274 001.48This Work
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基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器设计及特性研究
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黄瑶 , 罗彬彬 , 石胜辉 , 刘妍 , 陈建 , 吴胜昔 , 邓晓恬 , 赵明富
光子学报 | 光纤光学与光通信 2026,55(2): 173-184
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光子学报 |光纤光学与光通信 2026 , 55 (2) : 173 -184
基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器设计及特性研究
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黄瑶 , 罗彬彬 , 石胜辉, 刘妍, 陈建, 吴胜昔, 邓晓恬, 赵明富
作者信息
  • 1重庆理工大学 光纤传感与光电检测重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400054
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作者简介:
Design and Characterization of a Dual-channel Cascaded No-core Fiber SPR Sensor Based on MXene
Yao HUANG , Binbin LUO , Shenghui SHI, Yan LIU, Jian CHEN, Shengxi WU, Xiaotian DENG, Mingfu ZHAO
Affiliations
  • 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206003
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提出一种基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤表面等离子体共振传感器。该传感器由多模光纤级联两段无芯光纤(No-core Fiber,NCF)构成,其中通道1的NCF区域仅涂覆金膜,通道2的NCF区域通过静电自组装法将MXene固定在金膜表面。理论分析表明,当通道1和通道2的NCF长度分别为5 mm和12 mm时,共振峰可见度最佳,且MXene厚度增加可扩大共振峰间距。实验结果表明,在1.333~1.366折射率范围内,MXene层数从0增至5层时,通道2的折射率灵敏度从2 016.31 nm/RIU提升至4 209.16 nm/RIU,增幅达108.75 %。综合考虑折射率灵敏度和品质因数(Figure of Merit,FOM),确定MXene最佳层数为4层,此时通道1和通道2的折射率灵敏度分别达1 894.27 nm/RIU和4 001.48 nm/RIU,FOM分别为16.86 RIU-1和32.99 RIU-1。该传感器结构简单、成本低廉且操作便捷,在双参数生化传感领域具有良好的应用潜力。

光纤传感器  /  表面等离子体共振  /  MXene  /  双通道  /  折射率

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensing technology detects changes in environmental parameters, such as Refractive Index (RI), by exciting surface plasmon waves through the interaction between incident light and free electrons on a metal surface. Fiber-optic SPR sensors have been widely applied in medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring due to their compact size, low cost, and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. However, conventional single-channel SPR sensors contain only one sensing region, which limits their capability for simultaneous multi-parameter detection in complex environments. Meanwhile, the emerging two-dimensional material Ti3C2-MXene (hereafter referred to as MXene), featuring a high specific surface area and anisotropic electrical properties, has demonstrated great potential for enhancing sensor sensitivity and enabling accurate detection of trace analytes.

Leveraging the properties of MXene, in this study, a dual-channel No-core Fiber (NCF) SPR sensor based on MXene is proposed and optimized to address the demand for high-sensitivity and multi-parameter detection in complex environments. The sensor is constructed by cascading a Multimode Fiber (MMF) with two segments of NCFs. Channel 1 is coated with a gold film, while channel 2 is functionalized with a composite film of gold-cysteamine-MXene. Owing to the different dielectric constants of the two sensing coatings, SPR is excited at distinct spectral regions, enabling dual-channel RI sensing. The optimal structural parameters, including a 50 nm gold layer, NCF lengths of 5 mm (channel 1) and 12 mm (channel 2), and MXene film thickness, are determined via the commercial finite element method software COMSOL Multiphysics.

In the experiment, a gold film with a thickness of approximately 50 nm is deposited on channel 1 using an ionsputter coater (SBC-12), with a sputtering time of 310 s and a current of 6 mA. MXene nanosheets are subsequently immobilized onto the gold surface of channel 2 via electrostatic self-assembly. Specifically, channel 2 is immersed in a 4 mg/mL cysteamine solution for 30 minutes, during which the thiol groups of cysteamine formed Au-S bonds with the gold film, while the ammonium ions render the surface positively charged. Thereafter, channel 2 is immersed in a 5 mg/mL monolayer-dispersed MXene solution for 2 hours. The negatively charged —F and —O terminal groups on the MXene surface interacts electrostatically with the positively charged ammonium groups, resulting in the uniform deposition of a monolayer MXene film on the fiber-optic surface. Surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the successful immobilization of gold, cysteamine, and MXene. The sensor's RI sensitivity is evaluated by monitoring resonance shifts in NaCl solutions with varying RI. Simulation and experimental results consistently demonstrate that increasing MXene thickness improves RI sensitivity and expands the dual-peak separation. This improvement is attributed to the low carrier concentration and high mobility of MXene, which modulate the SPR resonance from the visible to the near-infrared region and enhance the interfacial electric field.

Within the RI range of 1.333 to 1.366, as the number of MXene layers deposited on the surface of channel 2 increases from 0 to 5, the resonance wavelength of channel 2 exhibits a red shift, which is consistent with the simulation results. When the MXene reaches three layers, the resonance peaks of the two channels become completely separated. The RI sensitivity of channel 1 remains stable between 1 850 and 1 900 nm/RIU, with its Full Width At Half Maximum (FWHM) and Figure Of Merit (FOM) showing minimal variation. In contrast, the resonance wavelength of channel 2 (SPR-2) red-shifts from 604.15 nm to 781.28 nm, and its RI sensitivity increases from 2 016.31 nm/RIU to 4 209.16 nm/RIU, representing an improvement of 108.75%. Meanwhile, the resonance wavelength undergoes a red-shift from 604.15 nm to 781.28 nm. However, excessive MXene thickness results in a deterioration in the FOM. To achieve a balance between sensitivity and FOM, a four-layer MXene structure is selected for channel 2. After cascading with channel 1, the dual-channel SPR sensor exhibits optimal performance, achieving a dual-peak separation of 125.35 nm. The RI sensitivities of channel 1 and channel 2 are 1 894.27 nm/RIU and 4 001.48 nm/RIU, respectively, with corresponding FOM values of 16.86 RIU-1 and 32.99 RIU-1. Compared with the pure gold film structure, the RI sensitivity of channel 2 is increased by 98.45%.

The dual-parameter detection capability is validated by immersing the two sensing regions in solutions with different RIs. The results demonstrates that both channels responded independently to external RI changes. In the independent response tests, channel 1 and channel 2 achieve RI sensitivities of 1 826.25 nm/RIU and 4 317.96 nm/RIU, respectively, confirming the sensor's potential for simultaneous detection of different analytes. To evaluate the stability of the sensor, both sensing regions are simultaneously immersed in pure water and monitored continuously for 60 minutes. The maximum resonance wavelength fluctuations are only ±0.17 nm for channel 1 and ±0.21 nm for channel 2, indicating the excellent stability of the sensor. Compared with existing dual-channel SPR sensors, the proposed sensor features a simplified structure, ease of fabrication, and low cost, while delivering significantly enhanced RI sensitivity. These advantages make it a promising candidate for multi-parameter biosensing and environmental monitoring applications.

Fiber-optic sensor  /  Surface plasmon resonance  /  MXene  /  Dual-channel  /  Refractive index
黄瑶, 罗彬彬, 石胜辉, 刘妍, 陈建, 吴胜昔, 邓晓恬, 赵明富. 基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器设计及特性研究. 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (2) : 173 -184 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206003
Yao HUANG, Binbin LUO, Shenghui SHI, Yan LIU, Jian CHEN, Shengxi WU, Xiaotian DENG, Mingfu ZHAO. Design and Characterization of a Dual-channel Cascaded No-core Fiber SPR Sensor Based on MXene[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (2) : 173 -184 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206003
光纤表面等离子体共振(Surface Plasmon Resonance,SPR)传感器具有免标记和高灵敏度等优势,在生物医学、食品安全及环境监测等领域具有广阔应用前景[1-4]。其检测原理是基于传感区外部待测物折射率(Refractive Index,RI)的变化,对RI微小变化极其敏感[5]。然而,实际检测环境中常含多种物质,单通道SPR传感器因仅具单一传感区,难以满足多参数检测需求,因此,开发独立性强、易解调的多通道光纤SPR传感器成为近年来的一个研究热点[6-8]。2022年,WANG Rui等[9]提出基于双U形结构的双通道SPR传感器,通过调节U形多模光纤曲率半径实现共振波长调控,在1.333~1.385折射率范围内分别获得1 414 nm/RIU和3 687 nm/RIU的RI灵敏度,然而,该方法对工艺要求较高。2023年,TENG Chuanxin等[10]提出阶梯式侧抛塑料光纤传感器,通过调控金膜厚度实现RI(1 759 nm/RIU)和温度(-0.82 nm/℃)同步检测,该方法受限于金属膜厚度的最优值,传感器性能难以进一步提升。2025年,CHENG Liangliang等[11]在多模-细芯-多模光纤结构上建立双通道,分别沉积金膜和金膜-氧化锌复合膜,在1.331~1.363折射率范围内,RI灵敏度分别为1 600 nm/RIU和1 948 nm/RIU,尽管这种方法在结构、制作和成本上具有优势,但在面向低浓度生物样本时,其灵敏度仍需进一步提升。
近年来,以石墨烯[12-13]、MoS2[14]、黑磷[15]和MXene[16]为代表的二维材料,因其优异的比表面积和各向异性电子传输特性,在提升光纤RI传感器灵敏度方面展现出显著优势[17]。MXene的通式为Mn+1XnTx,其中M代表早期过渡金属,X代表碳或氮,Tx代表表面官能团,Ti3C2-MXene作为MXene家族的重要成员,以其可调直接带隙、强亲水性和类金属导电性等特性受到广泛关注[18-19],其表面富含—OH、=O和—F等亲水性官能团,可显著增强目标生物分子与传感器之间的相互作用[20]。2020年,CHEN Yuzhi等[20]通过在多模-单模-多模光纤上涂覆Ti3C2-MXene(以下简称MXene),使SPR光纤的RI灵敏度提升30%,证实MXene对SPR传感器RI灵敏度的增强作用。无芯光纤(No-Core Fiber,NCF)没有包层,导模可以直接与外界环境相互作用,有利于RI灵敏度的提高[21],2024年,本课题组[22]通过在多模-无芯-多模光纤上涂覆MXene,将RI灵敏度从2 326.42 nm/RIU提升至4 361.04 nm/RIU,增幅达87.5%。尽管基于MXene的光纤SPR传感器研究已取得显著进展,但其在生化多参数检测领域的应用仍有待深入探索。
本研究提出一种基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器,采用多模光纤(Multimode Fiber,MMF)级联两段NCF的结构,分别在两段NCF表面沉积金膜和金-半胱胺-MXene复合膜。通过仿真与实验相结合的方法,优化金膜厚度、传感区长度及MXene层数等关键参数。研究结果表明,MXene不仅能够显著提升传感器的RI灵敏度,还可通过增加其层数来改变SPR共振条件,将共振波长调制至近红外区域,从而实现双通道高独立性和高灵敏度的RI检测功能。
基于MXene的双通道光纤SPR传感器结构及光路原理如图1所示。该结构是在MMF之间熔接两段NCF作为两个传感区。其中,通道1在NCF表面通过磁控溅射沉积约50 nm厚的金膜,通道2则在金膜基础上进一步引入半胱胺交联层,以固定MXene薄膜。
当入射光从MMF传输至通道1时,在NCF和金膜界面处发生全内反射,并产生倏逝波(Evanescent Wave,EW)。倏逝波产生的电场激发沿金属层上表面传播的表面等离子体波(Surface Plasmon Wave,SPW)。两者在水平方向上的波矢大小分别为[22]
Kew=ωcε0sinθ
Ksp=ωcεmεsεm+εs
式中,ω为入射光的角频率,c为真空中的光速,θ为入射角。ε0、εm和εs分别为纤芯、金属和外界环境的介电常数。当满足Kew=Ksp的相位匹配条件时,EW与SPW发生强耦合,入射光的大部分能量转化为SPW的振荡能量,透射光谱中形成SPR吸收峰。当外部RI发生变化时,式(2)中的εs改变,导致共振波长偏移,从而实现对RI的检测。当入射光从MMF传输到通道2时,SPR同样在金属与介质之间被激发。由于其表面修饰了具有特定介电性质的复合膜,其等效介电常数εm的改变将影响共振条件,从而使入射光在另一个角频率上激发新的共振,表现为透射光谱中出现第二个共振吸收峰。
SPR发生的角频率ωp可表示为[23]
ωp=4πNe2ε∞m*
式中,N为载流子浓度,e为电子电荷量,m*为载流子质量,ε∞为高频介电常数。显然,ωp与N的平方根成正比。单一金属中的载流子浓度高,使对应ωp落在可见光区域,而半导体(如MXene)的载流子浓度较低,其ωp对应近红外光区域[23]。此外,MXene的直接带隙结构可通过控制层数调节载流子浓度,实现共振波长的灵活调控[20];其高载流子迁移率有助于增强界面电场,加快金属与介质之间的电荷转移,从而提高传感器的灵敏度[17]。
传感器的性能参数主要包括灵敏度和品质因数(Figure of Merit,FOM)。其中灵敏度定义为共振波长偏移与传感区域折射率变化的比值,如式(4)所示。FOM是表征传感器性能的综合定量指标,式(5)为FOM的评估方法。
S=ΔλΔns
FOM=SFWHM
式中,S表示传感器的灵敏度(单位:nm/RIU),Δλ为共振波长的偏移量(单位:nm),Δns表示传感区域的折射率变化(单位:RIU),半峰全宽(Full Width at Half Maximum,FWHM)定义为共振吸收峰的光强衰减至初始振幅一半时对应波长最大值与最小值之差(单位:nm)。
为优化双通道光纤SPR传感器的制备工艺,采用COMSOL Multiphysics对传感结构进行有限元仿真,各材料层的折射率与厚度列于表1。其中,金膜与MXene的复折射率基于Drude模型计算,并由折射率数据库[24]提取。
仿真结果如图2所示,图2(a)表明随着金膜厚度从20 nm增加至70 nm,共振波长发生红移,这是由于倏逝场的穿透深度与波长成正比,随着穿透深度的增加,长波长的光穿透金属层激发SPR。但当厚度超过60 nm后,倏逝场强度随穿透深度的增加呈指数衰减,导致共振强度减弱,共振峰变浅。图2(b)为1.333~1.366 RIU范围内,不同金膜厚度下共振波长与RI的线性拟合结果。传感器的RI灵敏度随着金膜厚度增加先升高后下降,在50 nm时达到最大值2 338.08 nm/RIU,这是由于此厚度下SPW与EW耦合最强。因此本研究两个通道的最佳金膜厚度均选择为50 nm。图2(c)为传感区长度对透射光谱影响的仿真结果,设置通道2的NCF长度固定为12 mm,通道1的NCF长度从3 mm增至7 mm。可见,通道1的共振波长保持不变,但共振强度增强,透射率由67%降至53%,这归因于更长的传感区增加了反射次数。当两个通道的透射率接近时,双通道共振峰更为清晰,即可见度更高,避免较强峰对较弱峰的掩盖,因此通道1和通道2的NCF长度分别选取5 mm和12 mm。
图2(d)为RI等于1.333时,MXene厚度对透射光谱影响的仿真结果,在通道2的50 nm金膜基础上进一步添加3~7 nm的MXene层,可见,随着MXene加厚,通道2的共振波长持续红移;同时,由于MXene的堆叠和无序排列带来的能量损耗,导致通道2的FWHM展宽较为严重[18,27]。
图2(e)~(g)是MXene厚度为5~7 nm条件下的SPR光谱随RI变化的仿真结果;图2(h)为对应共振波长和RI的线性拟合图。可见,通道1的RI灵敏度保持在2 200~2 300 nm/RIU之间,而通道2的RI灵敏度随着MXene厚度增加从3 877.92 nm/RIU提升至4 338.85 nm/RIU。当MXene厚度为5 nm时,两通道的共振峰存在部分重叠,大于5 nm后实现完全分离。图2(i)进一步显示了初始FWHM和FOM随MXene厚度变化的趋势。随着MXene厚度从5 nm增加到7 nm,通道1的FWHM和FOM基本保持稳定,而通道2的FWHM由38.48 nm增加至115.45 nm,FOM由100.76 RIU-1降至37.58 RIU-1。因此,适当增加MXene厚度有助于调控共振波长、分离共振峰并提高通道2的RI灵敏度,该结论与1.1节的理论分析结果吻合。然而,过厚的MXene层会引起FWHM展宽和FOM下降,因此,在传感器设计中,须平衡RI灵敏度与FOM,合理调控MXene厚度以实现性能最优化。
该传感器的制备主要包括三步:级联型光纤结构构建、金膜沉积和MXene的静电自组装。其整体制备工艺如图3∶1)首先,通过熔接机将去除包层的MMF(62.5/125 µm)与两根NCF(125 µm)进行熔接;其中,一组NCF保留5 mm作为通道1,另一组NCF保留12 mm作为通道2;然后,在两段NCF之间熔接一段MMF,构成MMF-NCF(通道1)-MMF-NCF(通道2)-MMF的级联结构。2)金膜沉积:使用离子溅射仪(SBC-12)在两段NCF的一侧沉积金膜,金靶材纯度≥99.99%,当真空腔气压达到8 Pa时开始溅射,设置溅射时间310 s,溅射电流6 mA,获得厚度约50 nm的金膜,标记为Gold-Film/M0。3)MXene的静电自组装:将通道2浸泡于4 mg/mL的半胱胺溶液中30 min,半胱胺分子中的巯基通过Au-S键与金膜结合,其氨基在水中质子化后形成带正电的氨阳离子(NH3⁺)[18],使通道2表面带正电;随后将其浸入5 mg/mL的MXene单层分散液(苏州北科纳米科技有限公司)中2 h,依靠静电吸附作用使表面带负电的—F和—O基团均匀沉积在光纤表面,得到单层MXene膜,标记为Gold-Film/M1。
按照同样的步骤,再制备4根级联型光纤传感器,并延长MXene沉积时间至4 h、6 h、8 h和10 h,分别获得2层、3层、4层和5层MXene膜,分别命名为Gold-Film/M2、Gold-Film/M3、Gold-Film/M4和Gold-Film/M5。
双通道光纤SPR传感器实物如图4(a)。为表征金膜、半胱胺及MXene膜的表面形貌与厚度,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM,ZEISS GeminiSEM)进行形貌观察,并结合X射线能谱仪(EDS,Oxford Xplore 30)分析表面材料的元素组成与分布。图4(b)为沉积金膜后的光纤表面SEM图像,可见金膜由致密且均匀的纳米颗粒组成(插图为高倍细节图),表面平整性较好;其横截面如图4(c)所示,金膜厚度为52 nm,与设计值基本一致;图4(d)为经半胱胺氨基化后的表面形貌,该修饰过程在光纤表面产生了少量沉积物,显著增加了表面粗糙度,从插图中的高倍细节上看,原有金属颗粒之间的边界变得模糊,表面呈现出不规则的颗粒状和团簇状结构。图4(e)为经静电自组装四层MXene后的表面形貌,清晰可见MXene在光纤表面形成了典型的二维片层结构(插图为高倍细节图),MXene在基底表面均匀分布,未出现明显团聚现象,呈现良好的分散性和吸附效果。图4(f)为金-半胱胺-4层MXene膜包覆的光纤横截面SEM图像,三层结构依次为金膜(51 nm)、半胱胺膜(40 nm)和层状堆叠的MXene膜(173~289 nm)。图4(g)为EDS元素分析结果。Au来自金膜;Ti、部分C元素、部分O元素、Al和F来自MXene;S、N和部分C元素来自半胱胺;Si和部分O元素来自光纤基底。图4(h)为元素分布图,Au、S、Ti和C元素分布均匀,进一步验证了金-半胱胺-MXene复合膜在光纤表面成功构建。
实验系统如图5(a)所示,载玻片的数量和放置方式可根据具体测试需求进行调整,如图5(b)所示。卤素光源(HL-2000,360~2 000 nm)作为入射光源,经MMF传输至首段NCF区(通道1),该区域仅沉积金膜用于激发SPR。随后,光继续传输并在后续的MMF中再次耦合至表面修饰有金-半胱胺-MXene复合膜的NCF(通道2)。透射光通过MMF跳线引入光谱仪(QE65000,200~1 100 nm)。使用去离子水配制不同折射率的氯化钠溶液(1.333 0、1.340 8、1.346 5、1.351 9、1.357 0、1.361 7和1.366 0),将传感器依次浸入各溶液中,记录它们的透射光谱,所有实验均在室温(25 ℃~30 ℃)下进行。
首先,制备两根MMF-NCF-MMF结构的光纤传感器,传感区分别为5 mm和12 mm的NCF,并在两个NCF表面同步沉积约50 nm的金膜。将MMF-NCF(5 mm)-MMF传感器依次浸入不同RI溶液中,记录其透射光谱随RI变化的响应;同理,记录MMF-NCF(12 mm)-MMF传感器的响应。在1.333~1.366折射率范围内,两个传感器随RI变化的透射光谱分别为图6(a)和图6(b),RI灵敏度分别为2 195.17 nm/RIU和2 016.31 nm/RIU(如图6(c))。
随后,使用光纤切割刀去除上述两个传感器一端的MMF,分别保留MMF-NCF(5 mm)和MMF-NCF(12 mm),再取一根去除包层的MMF,其一端先与NCF(5 mm)熔接,另一端切割并保留一段长度后再与NCF(12 mm)熔接,从而构建双通道SPR传感器。由于中间段MMF未沉积金膜,其表面不会激发SPR,因此该区域长度的变化对透射光谱无影响,综合考虑溶液消耗、独立测试及光纤熔接的操作便利性,中间段MMF长度保留10 mm。通道1为5 mm的NCF,表面仅沉积有金膜,通道2为12 mm的NCF,表面通过静电自组装法沉积金-半胱胺-MXene复合膜。由于两通道传感薄膜的种类不同,因此所对应的介电常数不同,传感器可在不同波段激发SPR,实现双通道RI检测。
将两个传感区同时浸入相同RI溶液中,如图7(a)所示,随着MXene层数增加,通道2共振波长红移,这与仿真结论一致。当MXene达到3层后,两个通道的共振峰完全分离,透射光谱图中出现清晰的双峰。图7(b)~(d)分别展示了通道2沉积3、4及5层MXene时,双通道传感器在1.333~1.366折射率范围内的透射光谱。通道2沉积3层MXene时(图7(b)),两个共振峰间距为80.18 nm,第二共振峰(SPR-2)在低RI条件下不明显,随着MXene层数增加,两个共振峰间距从80.18 nm增大到161.83 nm,如图7(c)与图7(d)所示,透射光谱图中出现清晰的双峰,同时通道2的共振波长红移量从89.59 nm提升至133.38 nm。根据图7(e)可知通道1的RI灵敏度保持在1 850~1 900 nm/RIU之间,且FWHM和FOM基本稳定(图7(f)),表明当两个共振峰完全分离后,通道2的MXene膜层变化对通道1基本没有影响。相比之下,通道2的RI灵敏度显著提升,由2 810.95 nm/RIU提升至4 209.16 nm/RIU,但伴随着FWHM展宽和FOM降低(图7(f)),这主要归因于MXene的堆叠和无序排列带来的能量损耗。此外,较长的传感区引起SPR模式与光纤导模的耦合损耗,使部分能量沿传播方向衰减,进一步加宽FWHM。
实验结果(图7)与仿真结果(图2(d)~(i))在变化趋势上高度一致。特别的,在仿真图2(e)中,双通道传感器在纯水中的双峰间隔为57.08 nm,两通道的共振峰存在部分重叠,当双峰间隔增大至82.67 nm(图2(f))时,重叠现象消失,在实验图7(b)中,通道2沉积3层MXene时双峰间隔为80.18 nm,此时虽无重叠现象,但SPR-2在低RI条件下不明显。由此推测双峰分离的临界条件为:MXene沉积时间大于6 h(3层),纯水环境下双峰间隔大于80 nm。当沉积4层MXene时双峰间隔增至125.35 nm(图7(c)),双峰完全分离且在低RI条件下仍能观测到双峰,沉积5层MXene时FWHM明显展宽且FOM降低。综合以上分析,通道2采用4层MXene膜结构与通道1级联,构成的双通道SPR传感器具有最优性能。此时,通道1的RI灵敏度和FOM分别为1 894.27 nm/RIU和16.86 RIU-1,通道2的RI灵敏度和FOM分别为4 001.48 nm/RIU和32.99 RIU-1。
将两个传感区分别浸入不同RI溶液中,模拟不同分析物结合引起的RI变化差异,以验证传感器的双参数检测能力。为避免两种RI溶液混合,按照图5(b)所示的方法放置载玻片,固定通道1的外部RI为1.333,改变通道2的RI。如图8(a)所示,第一共振峰(SPR-1)最大偏移量为±0.24 nm,第二共振峰(SPR-2)红移144.99 nm,对应通道2的RI灵敏度为4 317.96 nm/RIU(图8(b)),该值高于同时浸入相同RI溶液的结果(4 001.48 nm/RIU),这是由于通道1的外部RI保持不变,有效降低了对通道2的串扰。同样地,固定通道2的外部RI为1.366,改变通道1的RI,SPR-1红移61.38 nm,SPR-2最大偏移量为±0.19 nm,透射光谱如图8(c)所示,测得通道1的RI灵敏度为1 826.25 nm/RIU(图8(d))。结果表明两个通道均可独立响应外部RI变化,并表现出良好的抗串扰特性,验证了该传感器具有同时检测不同分析物的应用潜力。
为验证该传感器的稳定性,将两个传感区同时浸入纯水中,并持续监测60 min,每隔10 min记录一次透射光谱,结果如图8(e)和图8(f)所示。通道1的共振波长在616.02 nm附近,最大波动仅为±0.17 nm;通道2的共振波长在741.37 nm附近,最大波动仅为±0.21 nm,表明该传感器具有良好的稳定性。所提传感器与其他双通道SPR传感器的性能比较如表2。该传感器不仅具有结构简单,易于制备和成本低廉等优点,而且在折射率灵敏度方面也展示出显著优势。
本文提出并制备了一种基于MXene的双通道级联无芯光纤SPR传感器,实现高灵敏度双通道折射率检测。仿真结果表明,优化后的双通道NCF长度(5 mm与12 mm)可提升双峰可见度,增加MXene膜厚能够调控SPR共振条件,导致共振波长红移,从而扩大双通道共振峰的间隔。实验研究表明,双通道同步沉积约50 nm金膜,且通道2表面组装4层MXene膜可获得最佳性能效果,在1.333~1.366折射率范围内,传感器呈现125.35 nm的双峰间隔,通道1与通道2的RI灵敏度分别达1 894.27和4 001.48 nm/RIU,FOM分别为16.86 RIU-1和32.99 RIU-1,通道2的RI灵敏度增幅达98.45%。该传感器具有结构简单、制备便捷、成本低廉以及灵敏度高等优点,在生化双参数联合检测和环境监测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

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doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206003
  • 接收时间:2025-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05
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    1重庆理工大学 光纤传感与光电检测重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400054

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