Article(id=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0206002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758038400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-17, onlineDate=1791627332723, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627332723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627332723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627332723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=156, endPage=172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743655374213650, articleId=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Experimental Research on Performance Comparison of Multi-modulation Formats for Ocean Turbulent Optical Communication Based on QC-LDPC Coded, columnId=1315741724413113295, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Fiber Optics and Optical Communications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) system has advantages such as high transmission speed and high reliability. The presence of ocean turbulence can induce fluctuations in light intensity, thereby degrading the communication performance of the system. Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes can mitigate the impact of ocean turbulence on Bit Error Rate (BER) and enhance the communication performance of UWOC systems. However, research on QC-LDPC codes in UWOC has primarily focused on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The gain effect of QC-LDPC coding may vary under different modulation formats, and specific experimental verification is lacking. In response to the absence of experimental research on the coding gain of different modulation formats in turbulent environments, this paper investigates the influence of QC-LDPC codes on the coding gain of different modulation formats in weak ocean turbulent channels under mixed coding modulation schemes.
A mathematical simulation model for weak turbulent channels in UWOC is established based on the Log-normal distribution. The check matrix H is constructed using the Dayan sequence, and QC-LDPC encoding is carried out based on the minimum row-column product LU decomposition algorithm to obtain the encoded sequence, which exhibits lower computational complexity compared to direct encoding algorithms. At the receiving end, the Minimum Sum Algorithm (MSA) with low computational complexity is selected for decoding, which is convenient for hardware implementation. The coding gain and communication characteristics of QC-LDPC encoding under different modulation formats, scintillation indices, transmission distance, encoding lengths, and other parameters are simulated and analyzed. Subsequently, a blue-green laser communication experimental platform is designed and built based on a simulated ocean turbulence pool, and comparative experimental research is conducted on the communication performance of QC-LDPC-encoded ocean turbulence optical communication with multiple modulation formats at a transmission distance of 1.5 m and a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. Field Programmable logic Gate Array (FPGA) is employed for QC-LDPC encoding, signal modulation and demodulation. Temperature-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting hot water of different temperatures into a transparent water tank, and salt-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting salt water of different concentrations, and normalized scintillation index is introduced to describe the fluctuation of light intensity at the receiving end, in order to measure turbulence intensity. Aiming to research the encoding gain of QC-LDPC for different modulation formats in weak turbulence environments.
The simulation results indicate that the performance improvement brought by adding QC-LDPC encoding in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation and Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) control modulation may be insufficient to offset the increase in decoding complexity, leading to an increase in the BER. Incorporating techniques such as low-pass filtering or probability shaping at the receiving end to improve the waveform can appropriately reduce the BER and increase the encoding gain. The BER of the QC-LDPC coded Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation system decreases as the code length increases, and the best anti-turbulence effect is achieved when the code length is 2 400. In contrast, the BER of the QC-LDPC coded DPSK modulation system increases with the increase in the scintillation indices, communication distance, and data rate. When the communication distance is 10 m and the scintillation indices is 0.14, the BER of DPSK modulation with QC-LDPC coding is reduced to 4×10⁻⁵. The experimental results show that QC-LDPC encoding can effectively mitigate the impact of weak turbulence on the BER. Compared with the uncoded modulation format, when the BER is 10⁻⁵, the encoding gains of QC-LDPC encoding for OOK modulation in tap water, temperature-induced turbulence (=0.056), and salt-induced turbulence (=0.034) environments are 0.46 dB, 0.49 dB, and 1.31 dB, respectively; while the encoding gains for DPSK modulation are 0.83 dB, 0.79 dB, and 1.63 dB, respectively. The QC-LDPC encoding gains for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence are higher than those in temperature-induced turbulence.
The coding gain of QC-LDPC codes for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence is higher than that in temperature-induced turbulence. Adding the mixed modulation of QC-LDPC coding in the UWOC system is conducive to reducing the underwater turbulence effect and has a better turbulence suppression effect compared with DPSK modulation alone. The combination of the QC-LDPC+DPSK coding modulation system has higher coding gain and better anti-interference ability compared with the QC-LDPC+OOK coding modulation system.
, authors=Jun YAN
1, Peng ZHANG
1, 2, Hao YU
2, Penghao ZHANG
1, Yuhan ZHANG
2, Jin XU
2, Shoufeng TONG
2, authorsList=Jun YAN, Peng ZHANG, Hao YU, Penghao ZHANG, Yuhan ZHANG, Jin XU, Shoufeng TONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743659878896179, articleId=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于QC-LDPC编码的海洋湍流光通信多调制格式性能对比实验研究, columnId=1315741724673160145, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=光纤光学与光通信, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
针对海洋湍流造成光强起伏恶化水下光通信性能问题,基于对数正态分布建立水下无线光通信弱湍流信道数学模型,仿真分析准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在不同调制格式、闪烁指数、编码长度等参数下的编码增益规律和通信特性。仿真结果表明,在10 m传输距离下差分相移键控调制加入编码后系统误码率下降至4×10-5,对于开关键控和二进制相移键控在低信噪比时加入编码后带来的性能提升可能不足以抵消译码复杂度的增加,从而导致误码率升高。搭建了基于模拟海洋湍流水池的蓝绿光激光通信实验平台,进行通信距离1.5 m、通信速率10 Mbps的准循环低密度奇偶校验编码海洋湍流光通信多调制格式通信性能对比实验研究,引入闪烁指数衡量湍流强度大小。实验结果表明当误码率为10-5量级时,准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在自来水、温致湍流(=0.056)、盐致湍流(=0.034)环境下对开关键控调制的编码增益分别为0.46 dB、0.49 dB、1.31 dB;对差分相移键控调制的编码增益分别为0.83 dB、0.79 dB、1.63 dB。准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在弱湍流信道中对差分相移键控调制的编码增益较高,并在盐致湍流环境中有较高的编码增益,抗干扰效果更好。
, authors=闫军
1, 张鹏
1, 2, 于浩
2, 张鹏浩
1, 张宇涵
2, 徐进
2, 佟首峰
2, authorsList=闫军, 张鹏, 于浩, 张鹏浩, 张宇涵, 徐进, 佟首峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张鹏, authorNote=
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1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022
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1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743664526185066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic of QC-LDPC coded DPSK modulator UWOC system in turbulent channel, figureFileSmall=VzUld7+w0e44JBpy3mGx7Q==, figureFileBig=cKXh/Dfdd0fLJoWxre79Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664601682539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
QC-LDPC编码DPSK调制水下光通信系统湍流信道原理, figureFileSmall=VzUld7+w0e44JBpy3mGx7Q==, figureFileBig=cKXh/Dfdd0fLJoWxre79Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664803009132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The distribution of girth and the corresponding number of girth of the check matrix H with different construction methods, figureFileSmall=GzdCfxWt4e4gLGLM90LLwQ==, figureFileBig=AfK+z1fg1KN7fn4HPpAUqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664912061037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同构造方式校验矩阵H环长与对应环个数分布, figureFileSmall=GzdCfxWt4e4gLGLM90LLwQ==, figureFileBig=AfK+z1fg1KN7fn4HPpAUqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743665004335726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
LN model PDF with different , figureFileSmall=gsQRNh10LHuCb/oTJj8gSA==, figureFileBig=P5yq1iCeiZG0xh87ufzMgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666669474415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同下LN模型的PDF, figureFileSmall=gsQRNh10LHuCb/oTJj8gSA==, figureFileBig=P5yq1iCeiZG0xh87ufzMgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666757554800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
BER curves for QC-LDPC coded different modulation formats. (a) OOK, BPSK without low-pass filtering;(b) OOK, BPSK with low-pass filtering, figureFileSmall=qaAdLIsCAwoqcfSKlY4flg==, figureFileBig=SG+pewmU6UVYTVg2kanVJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666828857969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
QC-LDPC编码不同调制格式BER曲线。(a) OOK、BPSK无低通滤波;(b) OOK、BPSK有低通滤波, figureFileSmall=qaAdLIsCAwoqcfSKlY4flg==, figureFileBig=SG+pewmU6UVYTVg2kanVJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666904355442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The BER curves of DPSK modulation with different QC-LDPC coded lengths, figureFileSmall=Oji5h/KqakvqAP4NMD3dPw==, figureFileBig=mCN9Z1DnMtKHmR+c5IGD2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667013407347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同QC-LDPC码长DPSK调制BER曲线, figureFileSmall=Oji5h/KqakvqAP4NMD3dPw==, figureFileBig=mCN9Z1DnMtKHmR+c5IGD2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667093099124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The influence of different quantization accuracy on BER, figureFileSmall=8sz5NMkWWfuvpz6XM5+NQg==, figureFileBig=R/AfRv4VAlqMOAVbQYGICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667185373813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同量化精度对BER的影响, figureFileSmall=8sz5NMkWWfuvpz6XM5+NQg==, figureFileBig=R/AfRv4VAlqMOAVbQYGICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667277648502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The BER curves of with/without QC-LDPC-coded under different scintillation indices, figureFileSmall=g6cV6hlTCzxLIwEgKpdy9w==, figureFileBig=V7gzHM7IU6Y4P/xtZ1ePmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667361534583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同闪烁指数下有无QC-LDPC编码的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=g6cV6hlTCzxLIwEgKpdy9w==, figureFileBig=V7gzHM7IU6Y4P/xtZ1ePmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667453809272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
The BER curves of the LN channel at different transmission distances, figureFileSmall=QSFQ/MHZgjw3jHILHJaUJw==, figureFileBig=GE7TiCzrPYmBynFVGiJI0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667533501049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
LN信道不同传输距离的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=QSFQ/MHZgjw3jHILHJaUJw==, figureFileBig=GE7TiCzrPYmBynFVGiJI0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667638358650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
The BER curves of different communication rates in the LN channel, figureFileSmall=GVnTki5grsF5w39hP3B7YA==, figureFileBig=ss4UTS5Luo9nTaj3HQVLGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667705467515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
LN信道不同通信速率的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=GVnTki5grsF5w39hP3B7YA==, figureFileBig=ss4UTS5Luo9nTaj3HQVLGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667801936508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Diagram of the experimental device for QC-LDPC-coded and modulation UWOC based on FPGA, figureFileSmall=AgiAyXkzN9ivhjnqUjTuUA==, figureFileBig=P+OSZjjO74CNRqS69LqHCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667877433981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
基于FPGA的QC-LDPC编码调制UWOC系统实验装置, figureFileSmall=AgiAyXkzN9ivhjnqUjTuUA==, figureFileBig=P+OSZjjO74CNRqS69LqHCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667978097278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Diagram of the experimental setup for the temperature/salt-induced turbulence simulation pool, figureFileSmall=b2ItzT/skzdY7+G+B7BT6g==, figureFileBig=2a6vmFkyhAtqOMK7rF06PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668070371967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
温/盐致湍流模拟池实验装置, figureFileSmall=b2ItzT/skzdY7+G+B7BT6g==, figureFileBig=2a6vmFkyhAtqOMK7rF06PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668183618176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The BER varies with the transmitted optical power in the environment of tap water, figureFileSmall=EbcFQr1mKiYFlMPmyl0OUQ==, figureFileBig=srb/dKZhSR7Mv3kpkvbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668263309953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
自来水环境下误码率随发射光功率变化, figureFileSmall=EbcFQr1mKiYFlMPmyl0OUQ==, figureFileBig=srb/dKZhSR7Mv3kpkvbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668359778946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Power jitter of light intensity at each gradient in temperature-induced turbulence and normalized probability density distribution of light intensity. (a) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(b) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm;(c) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.16 ℃/cm;(d) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(e) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm;(f) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.16/cm, figureFileSmall=M/T76TM9BlOYs5EhSoXNaw==, figureFileBig=9dMi8DAItYvJ2CXiaaG4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668460442243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
温致湍流各梯度光强功率抖动和归一化光强概率密度分布。(a) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(b) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(c) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(d) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(e) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(f) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布, figureFileSmall=M/T76TM9BlOYs5EhSoXNaw==, figureFileBig=9dMi8DAItYvJ2CXiaaG4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668523356804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Curve graphs of different coding and modulation formats BER varying with the transmitted optical power in temperature-induced turbulence. (a) BER at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(b) BER at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm; (c) BER at temperature gradient of 0.16 ℃/cm, figureFileSmall=SHcv2q2dTm0p3C553+I/ow==, figureFileBig=sxxV40aRd8rkkEAYOK4XhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668594659973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
温致湍流中不同编码调制格式BER随发射光功率变化曲线。(a) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时BER;(b) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时BER;(c) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时BER, figureFileSmall=SHcv2q2dTm0p3C553+I/ow==, figureFileBig=sxxV40aRd8rkkEAYOK4XhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668657574534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Power jitter of light intensity at each gradient in salt-induced turbulence and the normalized probability density distribution of light intensity. (a) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(b) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm;(c) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm;(d) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(e) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm;(f) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm, figureFileSmall=GCG8VUDEEfdQUJlHmh7YlA==, figureFileBig=Y+pq4o0w5e6AL9FEkzoCpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668745654919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
盐致湍流各梯度光强功率抖动和归一化光强概率密度分布。(a) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(b) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(c) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(d) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(d) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(f) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布, figureFileSmall=GCG8VUDEEfdQUJlHmh7YlA==, figureFileBig=Y+pq4o0w5e6AL9FEkzoCpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668837929608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Curve graphs of different coding and modulation formats BER varying with the transmitted optical power in salt-induced turbulence. (a) BER at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(b) BER at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm; (c) BER at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm, figureFileSmall=IorHQ0HqBj9bmyXXr5fWWQ==, figureFileBig=TZOEHjS4gOQMCG+ClHhAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668913427081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
盐致湍流中不同编码调制格式BER随发射光功率变化曲线。(a) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时BER;(b) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时BER;(c) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时BER, figureFileSmall=IorHQ0HqBj9bmyXXr5fWWQ==, figureFileBig=TZOEHjS4gOQMCG+ClHhAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668988924554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Simulation parameter setting
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | Symbol | Value |
|---|
| Wavelength/nm | | 520 |
| Link distance/m | | 10,20,30 |
| Load resistance/Ω | | 50 |
| Photodetector responsivity/(A·W-1) | | 1 |
| QC-LDPC code length | | 600,1 200,2 400 |
| QC-LDPC code rate | | 0.5 |
| Iterative | | 15 |
| Row weigh | | 6 |
| Col weight | | 3 |
| Scintillation index | | 0.14,0.41,0.97 |
| Transmitted optical power/mW | | 10 |
| Symbol period/ns | | 100,6.54 |
| Quantization accuracy | — | 0,5,6,7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669056033419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
仿真参数设置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | Symbol | Value |
|---|
| Wavelength/nm | | 520 |
| Link distance/m | | 10,20,30 |
| Load resistance/Ω | | 50 |
| Photodetector responsivity/(A·W-1) | | 1 |
| QC-LDPC code length | | 600,1 200,2 400 |
| QC-LDPC code rate | | 0.5 |
| Iterative | | 15 |
| Row weigh | | 6 |
| Col weight | | 3 |
| Scintillation index | | 0.14,0.41,0.97 |
| Transmitted optical power/mW | | 10 |
| Symbol period/ns | | 100,6.54 |
| Quantization accuracy | — | 0,5,6,7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669118947980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Set value of temperature gradient
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bucket 1/℃ | Bucket 4/℃ | Temperature gradient /(℃·cm-1) | Average temperature/℃ |
|---|
| 24 | 16 | 0.05 | |
| 28 | 12 | 0.11 | 20 |
| 32 | 8 | 0.16 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669190251149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
温度梯度设定值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bucket 1/℃ | Bucket 4/℃ | Temperature gradient /(℃·cm-1) | Average temperature/℃ |
|---|
| 24 | 16 | 0.05 | |
| 28 | 12 | 0.11 | 20 |
| 32 | 8 | 0.16 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669269942926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Set value of salinity gradient
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bucket 1/(g·L-1) | Bucket 4/(g·L-1) | Salinity gradient/(g·L-1·cm-1) | Average salinity/(g·L-1) |
|---|
| 25 | 15 | 0.07 | |
| 30 | 10 | 0.13 | 20 |
| 35 | 5 | 0.2 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669370606223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
盐度梯度设定值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Bucket 1/(g·L-1) | Bucket 4/(g·L-1) | Salinity gradient/(g·L-1·cm-1) | Average salinity/(g·L-1) |
|---|
| 25 | 15 | 0.07 | |
| 30 | 10 | 0.13 | 20 |
| 35 | 5 | 0.2 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669454492304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
BER@10-5 receiving sensitivity under different water quality conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formats | Tap water | Temperature-induced turbulence (=0.056) | Salt-induced turbulence (=0.034) |
|---|
| OOK uncoded | 4.15 dBm | 2.04 dBm | -1.87 dBm |
| QC-LDPC+OOK | 3.69 dBm | 1.55 dBm | -3.18 dBm |
| DPSK uncoded | 4.50 dBm | 0.83 dBm | -5.85 dBm |
| QC-LDPC+DPSK | 3.67 dBm | 0.04 dBm | -7.48 dBm |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669529989777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
BER@10-5时不同水质环境下的接收灵敏度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formats | Tap water | Temperature-induced turbulence (=0.056) | Salt-induced turbulence (=0.034) |
|---|
| OOK uncoded | 4.15 dBm | 2.04 dBm | -1.87 dBm |
| QC-LDPC+OOK | 3.69 dBm | 1.55 dBm | -3.18 dBm |
| DPSK uncoded | 4.50 dBm | 0.83 dBm | -5.85 dBm |
| QC-LDPC+DPSK | 3.67 dBm | 0.04 dBm | -7.48 dBm |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743671161574034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
The coding gains of different modulation formats of QC-LDPC coding in turbulent environments
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formats | Tap water | Temperature-induced turbulence (=0.056) | Salt-induced turbulence (=0.034) |
|---|
| OOK uncoded | — | — | — |
| QC-LDPC+OOK | 0.46 dB | 0.49 dB | 1.31 dB |
| DPSK uncoded | — | — | — |
| QC-LDPC+DPSK | 0.83 dB | 0.79 dB | 1.63 dB |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743671232877203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
QC-LDPC编码在湍流环境下的不同调制格式编码增益
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Formats | Tap water | Temperature-induced turbulence (=0.056) | Salt-induced turbulence (=0.034) |
|---|
| OOK uncoded | — | — | — |
| QC-LDPC+OOK | 0.46 dB | 0.49 dB | 1.31 dB |
| DPSK uncoded | — | — | — |
| QC-LDPC+DPSK | 0.83 dB | 0.79 dB | 1.63 dB |
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