Article(id=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0206002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758038400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-17, onlineDate=1791627332723, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627332723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627332723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627332723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=156, endPage=172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743655374213650, articleId=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Experimental Research on Performance Comparison of Multi-modulation Formats for Ocean Turbulent Optical Communication Based on QC-LDPC Coded, columnId=1315741724413113295, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Fiber Optics and Optical Communications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) system has advantages such as high transmission speed and high reliability. The presence of ocean turbulence can induce fluctuations in light intensity, thereby degrading the communication performance of the system. Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes can mitigate the impact of ocean turbulence on Bit Error Rate (BER) and enhance the communication performance of UWOC systems. However, research on QC-LDPC codes in UWOC has primarily focused on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The gain effect of QC-LDPC coding may vary under different modulation formats, and specific experimental verification is lacking. In response to the absence of experimental research on the coding gain of different modulation formats in turbulent environments, this paper investigates the influence of QC-LDPC codes on the coding gain of different modulation formats in weak ocean turbulent channels under mixed coding modulation schemes.

A mathematical simulation model for weak turbulent channels in UWOC is established based on the Log-normal distribution. The check matrix H is constructed using the Dayan sequence, and QC-LDPC encoding is carried out based on the minimum row-column product LU decomposition algorithm to obtain the encoded sequence, which exhibits lower computational complexity compared to direct encoding algorithms. At the receiving end, the Minimum Sum Algorithm (MSA) with low computational complexity is selected for decoding, which is convenient for hardware implementation. The coding gain and communication characteristics of QC-LDPC encoding under different modulation formats, scintillation indices, transmission distance, encoding lengths, and other parameters are simulated and analyzed. Subsequently, a blue-green laser communication experimental platform is designed and built based on a simulated ocean turbulence pool, and comparative experimental research is conducted on the communication performance of QC-LDPC-encoded ocean turbulence optical communication with multiple modulation formats at a transmission distance of 1.5 m and a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. Field Programmable logic Gate Array (FPGA) is employed for QC-LDPC encoding, signal modulation and demodulation. Temperature-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting hot water of different temperatures into a transparent water tank, and salt-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting salt water of different concentrations, and normalized scintillation index δI2is introduced to describe the fluctuation of light intensity at the receiving end, in order to measure turbulence intensity. Aiming to research the encoding gain of QC-LDPC for different modulation formats in weak turbulence environments.

The simulation results indicate that the performance improvement brought by adding QC-LDPC encoding in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation and Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) control modulation may be insufficient to offset the increase in decoding complexity, leading to an increase in the BER. Incorporating techniques such as low-pass filtering or probability shaping at the receiving end to improve the waveform can appropriately reduce the BER and increase the encoding gain. The BER of the QC-LDPC coded Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation system decreases as the code length increases, and the best anti-turbulence effect is achieved when the code length is 2 400. In contrast, the BER of the QC-LDPC coded DPSK modulation system increases with the increase in the scintillation indices, communication distance, and data rate. When the communication distance is 10 m and the scintillation indices is 0.14, the BER of DPSK modulation with QC-LDPC coding is reduced to 4×10⁻⁵. The experimental results show that QC-LDPC encoding can effectively mitigate the impact of weak turbulence on the BER. Compared with the uncoded modulation format, when the BER is 10⁻⁵, the encoding gains of QC-LDPC encoding for OOK modulation in tap water, temperature-induced turbulence (δI2=0.056), and salt-induced turbulence (δI2=0.034) environments are 0.46 dB, 0.49 dB, and 1.31 dB, respectively; while the encoding gains for DPSK modulation are 0.83 dB, 0.79 dB, and 1.63 dB, respectively. The QC-LDPC encoding gains for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence are higher than those in temperature-induced turbulence.

The coding gain of QC-LDPC codes for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence is higher than that in temperature-induced turbulence. Adding the mixed modulation of QC-LDPC coding in the UWOC system is conducive to reducing the underwater turbulence effect and has a better turbulence suppression effect compared with DPSK modulation alone. The combination of the QC-LDPC+DPSK coding modulation system has higher coding gain and better anti-interference ability compared with the QC-LDPC+OOK coding modulation system.

, authors=Jun YAN1, Peng ZHANG1, 2, Hao YU2, Penghao ZHANG1, Yuhan ZHANG2, Jin XU2, Shoufeng TONG2, authorsList=Jun YAN, Peng ZHANG, Hao YU, Penghao ZHANG, Yuhan ZHANG, Jin XU, Shoufeng TONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743659878896179, articleId=1315743655151915537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于QC-LDPC编码的海洋湍流光通信多调制格式性能对比实验研究, columnId=1315741724673160145, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=光纤光学与光通信, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对海洋湍流造成光强起伏恶化水下光通信性能问题,基于对数正态分布建立水下无线光通信弱湍流信道数学模型,仿真分析准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在不同调制格式、闪烁指数、编码长度等参数下的编码增益规律和通信特性。仿真结果表明,在10 m传输距离下差分相移键控调制加入编码后系统误码率下降至4×10-5,对于开关键控和二进制相移键控在低信噪比时加入编码后带来的性能提升可能不足以抵消译码复杂度的增加,从而导致误码率升高。搭建了基于模拟海洋湍流水池的蓝绿光激光通信实验平台,进行通信距离1.5 m、通信速率10 Mbps的准循环低密度奇偶校验编码海洋湍流光通信多调制格式通信性能对比实验研究,引入闪烁指数δI2衡量湍流强度大小。实验结果表明当误码率为10-5量级时,准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在自来水、温致湍流(δI2=0.056)、盐致湍流(δI2=0.034)环境下对开关键控调制的编码增益分别为0.46 dB、0.49 dB、1.31 dB;对差分相移键控调制的编码增益分别为0.83 dB、0.79 dB、1.63 dB。准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在弱湍流信道中对差分相移键控调制的编码增益较高,并在盐致湍流环境中有较高的编码增益,抗干扰效果更好。

, authors=闫军1, 张鹏1, 2, 于浩2, 张鹏浩1, 张宇涵2, 徐进2, 佟首峰2, authorsList=闫军, 张鹏, 于浩, 张鹏浩, 张宇涵, 徐进, 佟首峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张鹏, authorNote=

闫军,

, correspAuthorsNote=
张鹏,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JiFJwfXicXZHeOGlyQesfg==, magXml=iOH4jVzQR2AOeqJIOJeOTQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VlTDtova/E05aGe5kndRpQ==, pdfFileSize=5238151, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cKXh/Dfdd0fLJoWxre79Kw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mNsZB/cq6dtbigjfB8Gqgw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1315743660319298107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2256197046@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743660415767101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660319298107, language=EN, stringName=Jun YAN, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743660508041790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660319298107, language=CN, stringName=闫军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022, bio={"content":"

闫军,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

闫军,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743660596122176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangpeng@cust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662202540611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660596122176, language=EN, stringName=Peng ZHANG, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662286426692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660596122176, language=CN, stringName=张鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022
2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662366118470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662462587464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662366118470, language=EN, stringName=Hao YU, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662542279241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662366118470, language=CN, stringName=于浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662630359627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662705857101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662630359627, language=EN, stringName=Penghao ZHANG, firstName=Penghao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662802326094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662630359627, language=CN, stringName=张鹏浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662894600784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662991069778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662894600784, language=EN, stringName=Yuhan ZHANG, firstName=Yuhan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663112704595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662894600784, language=CN, stringName=张宇涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743663204979285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663276282455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663204979285, language=EN, stringName=Jin XU, firstName=Jin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663351779928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663204979285, language=CN, stringName=徐进, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743663423083098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663494386268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663423083098, language=EN, stringName=Shoufeng TONG, firstName=Shoufeng, middleName=null, lastName=TONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663565689437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663423083098, language=CN, stringName=佟首峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1315743663657964126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Underwater optical communication), Keyword(id=1315743663733461599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Weak turbulence in the ocean), Keyword(id=1315743663800570464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Log-normal turbulence model), Keyword(id=1315743663855096417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Differential phase shift keying), Keyword(id=1315743663926399586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Quasi-cyclic low-density parity check code), Keyword(id=1315743663993508451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=Scintillation indices), Keyword(id=1315743664056423012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=水下光通信), Keyword(id=1315743664119337573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=海洋弱湍流), Keyword(id=1315743664186446438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=对数正态分布湍流模型), Keyword(id=1315743664253555303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=差分相移键控), Keyword(id=1315743664329052776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=准循环低密度奇偶校验码), Keyword(id=1315743664404550249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=闪烁指数)], refs=[Reference(id=1315743671329346196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=null, pageStart=100904, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=GOKCE M C, BAYKAL Y, ATA Y, journalName=Physical Communication, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GOKCE M C, BAYKAL Y, ATA Y. Binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation performance in weak oceanic turbulence[J]. Physical Communication, 2019, 37: 100904., articleTitle=Binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation performance in weak oceanic turbulence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671425815189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=204676, pageEnd=204683, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=TANG X, ZHANG L, SUN C, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG X, ZHANG L, SUN C, et al. Underwater wireless optical communication based on DPSK modulation and silicon photomultiplier[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 204676-204683., articleTitle=Underwater wireless optical communication based on DPSK modulation and silicon photomultiplier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671530672790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=441, issue=null, pageStart=138, pageEnd=148, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=PANG Weina, WANG Ping, GUO Lixin, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG Weina, WANG Ping, GUO Lixin, et al. Performance investigation of UWOC system with multiuser diversity scheduling schemes in oceanic turbulence channels[J]. Optics Communications, 2019, 441: 138-148., articleTitle=Performance investigation of UWOC system with multiuser diversity scheduling schemes in oceanic turbulence channels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671601975959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=15, issue=10, pageStart=6336, pageEnd=6350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=DJORDJEVIC I B, VASIC B, NEIFELD M, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DJORDJEVIC I B, VASIC B, NEIFELD M. LDPC coded OFDM over the atmospheric turbulence channel[J]. Optics Express, 2007, 15(10): 6336-6350., articleTitle=LDPC coded OFDM over the atmospheric turbulence channel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671677473432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=57, issue=9, pageStart=2115, pageEnd=2120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=MATTOUSSI F, KHALIGHI M A, BOURENNANE S, journalName=Applied Optics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATTOUSSI F, KHALIGHI M A, BOURENNANE S. Improving the performance of underwater wireless optical communication links by channel coding[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(9): 2115-2120., articleTitle=Improving the performance of underwater wireless optical communication links by channel coding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671765553817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=462, pageEnd=465, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=JAMALI M V, CHIZARI A, SALEHI J A, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAMALI M V, CHIZARI A, SALEHI J A. Performance analysis of multi-hop underwater wireless optical communication systems[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2017, 29(5): 462-465., articleTitle=Performance analysis of multi-hop underwater wireless optical communication systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671857828506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=461, issue=null, pageStart=125229, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P. High-speed and reliable underwater wireless optical communication system using multiple-input multiple-output and channel coding techniques for IoUT applications[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 461: 125229., articleTitle=High-speed and reliable underwater wireless optical communication system using multiple-input multiple-output and channel coding techniques for IoUT applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743671941714587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=32, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=HEMA R, ANANTHI A, DIANA D C, journalName=Opto-Electronics Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEMA R, ANANTHI A, DIANA D C. Coded GFDM with decision feedback equaliser for enhanced performance in underwater wireless optical communication[J]. Opto-Electronics Review, 2024: 32., articleTitle=Coded GFDM with decision feedback equaliser for enhanced performance in underwater wireless optical communication, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672029794972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=4, pageStart=700, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=ZHU Yufei, XING Zuocheng, LI Zerun, journalName=Symmetry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Yufei, XING Zuocheng, LI Zerun, et al. High area-efficient parallel encoder with compatible architecture for 5g LDPC codes[J]. Symmetry, 2021, 13(4): 700., articleTitle=High area-efficient parallel encoder with compatible architecture for 5g LDPC codes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672092709533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=330, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=GUO Jianzhong, XIAO Jinpeng, CHEN Jing, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Jianzhong, XIAO Jinpeng, CHEN Jing, et al. Performance analysis of LDPC-coded OFDM in underwater wireless optical communications[C]. Photonics. MDPI, 2023, 10(3): 330., articleTitle=Performance analysis of LDPC-coded OFDM in underwater wireless optical communications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672184984222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=12, pageStart=3378, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=JIANG Hongyan, QIU Hongbing, HE Ning, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Hongyan, QIU Hongbing, HE Ning, et al. LDPC-coded CAP with spatial diversity for UVLC systems over generalized-gamma fading channel[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(12): 3378., articleTitle=LDPC-coded CAP with spatial diversity for UVLC systems over generalized-gamma fading channel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672256287391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=349, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=JIANG Hongyan, HE Ning, LIAO Xin, journalName=Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Hongyan, HE Ning, LIAO Xin, et al. The BER Performance of the LDPC-Coded MPPM over turbulence UWOC channels [J]. Photonics, 2022, 9: 349., articleTitle=The BER Performance of the LDPC-Coded MPPM over turbulence UWOC channels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672331784864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=CHEN Wenwen, WANG Ping, WANG Wei, journalName=Optical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Wenwen, WANG Ping, WANG Wei, et al. Impact of temperature gradients on average bit error rate performance of low-density parity-check-coded multihop underwater wireless optical communication systems over the generalized gamma distribution[J]. Optical Engineering, 2020, 59(1): 016114., articleTitle=Impact of temperature gradients on average bit error rate performance of low-density parity-check-coded multihop underwater wireless optical communication systems over the generalized gamma distribution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672424059553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=60733, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=PADALA S K, D`SOUZA J, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PADALA S K, D`SOUZA J. Performance of spatially coupled LDPC codes over the underwater wireless optical channel with strong turbulence and pointing errors[J]. IEEE Access, 2024, (13):60733., articleTitle=Performance of spatially coupled LDPC codes over the underwater wireless optical channel with strong turbulence and pointing errors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672495362722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=YANG Yi, LIU Qian, LEI Jiayuan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Yi, LIU Qian, LEI Jiayuan, et al. Research on the performance of the LDPC-OQPSK system used in underwater wireless optical communication[C]. 2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (ACP/POEM). IEEE, 2023: 1-5., articleTitle=Research on the performance of the LDPC-OQPSK system used in underwater wireless optical communication, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672570860195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=63, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=038102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=SHUKLA P, TRIPATHI R, PRAJAPATI Y K, journalName=Optical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHUKLA P, TRIPATHI R, PRAJAPATI Y K. Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity[J]. Optical Engineering, 2024, 63(3): 038102-038102., articleTitle=Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672633774756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=5, pageStart=1353, pageEnd=1362, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=LI Ang, WANG Ping, PANG Weina, journalName=Applied optics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Ang, WANG Ping, PANG Weina, et al. ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system[J]. Applied optics, 2020, 59(5): 1353-1362., articleTitle=ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672696689317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=72, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=ALI M H, AL-RUBAYE G A, journalName=Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI M H, AL-RUBAYE G A. Performance evaluation of 5G new radio low-density parity check codes over different scenarios of lognormal fading channel[J]. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, 2024, 72(5): e150808., articleTitle=Performance evaluation of 5G new radio low-density parity check codes over different scenarios of lognormal fading channel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672767992486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=4799, pageEnd=4815, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=FANG Chengwei, LI Shou, WANG Yinong, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG Chengwei, LI Shou, WANG Yinong, et al. Investigation of non-line-of-sight underwater optical wireless communications with wavy surface[J]. Optics Express, 2024, 32(4): 4799-4815., articleTitle=Investigation of non-line-of-sight underwater optical wireless communications with wavy surface, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672835101351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=633, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=WANG Jianying, YIN Hongxi, JI Xiuyang, journalName=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jianying, YIN Hongxi, JI Xiuyang, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO-mQAM system with pointing errors and beam spreading in underwater málaga turbulence channel[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(3): 633., articleTitle=Performance analysis of MIMO-mQAM system with pointing errors and beam spreading in underwater málaga turbulence channel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672898015912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=55, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, journalName=Optical and Quantum Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, et al. Performance analysis of underwater vertical wireless optical communication system in the presence of weak turbulence, pointing errors and attenuation losses[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2023, 55(1): 1-22., articleTitle=Performance analysis of underwater vertical wireless optical communication system in the presence of weak turbulence, pointing errors and attenuation losses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743672965124777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=56, issue=4, pageStart=638, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=PANDEY P, AGRAWAL M, journalName=Optical and Quantum Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANDEY P, AGRAWAL M. Performance analysis of high data rate underwater visible light communication system using avalanche photodiode[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2024, 56(4): 638., articleTitle=Performance analysis of high data rate underwater visible light communication system using avalanche photodiode, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673061593770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=69, issue=17, pageStart=978, pageEnd=994, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=SINGH M, SINGH M L, SINGH R, journalName=Journal of Modern Optics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SINGH M, SINGH M L, SINGH R, et al. Comprehensive experimental and statistical analysis of the effects of salinity gradient, temperature gradient, air bubbles on the performance of underwater wireless optical communication link[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2022, 69(17): 978-994., articleTitle=Comprehensive experimental and statistical analysis of the effects of salinity gradient, temperature gradient, air bubbles on the performance of underwater wireless optical communication link, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673137091243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=99253, pageEnd=99267, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO-EGC system for the underwater vertical wireless optical communication link[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 99253-99267., articleTitle=Performance analysis of MIMO-EGC system for the underwater vertical wireless optical communication link, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673208394412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=73, issue=null, pageStart=100274, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=ZHU Shijie, CHEN Xinwei, LIU Xiaoyan, journalName=Progress in Quantum Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Shijie, CHEN Xinwei, LIU Xiaoyan, et al. Recent progress in and perspectives of underwater wireless optical communication[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 2020, 73: 100274., articleTitle=Recent progress in and perspectives of underwater wireless optical communication, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673275503277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=25203, pageEnd=25218, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=XU Xinyun, LI Yueheng, HUANG Ping, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Xinyun, LI Yueheng, HUANG Ping, et al. BER performance of UWOC with APD receiver in wide range oceanic turbulence[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10: 25203-25218., articleTitle=BER performance of UWOC with APD receiver in wide range oceanic turbulence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673351000750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=26, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=JAMALI M V, SALEHI J A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAMALI M V, SALEHI J A. On the BER of multiple-input multiple-output underwater wireless optical communication systems[C].2015 4th International Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW). IEEE, 2015: 26-30., articleTitle=On the BER of multiple-input multiple-output underwater wireless optical communication systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673451664047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=469, issue=null, pageStart=125774, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P. Co-operative RF-UWOC link performance over hyperbolic tangent log-normal distribution channel with pointing errors[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 469: 125774., articleTitle=Co-operative RF-UWOC link performance over hyperbolic tangent log-normal distribution channel with pointing errors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673527161520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=19, pageStart=5083, pageEnd=5090, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=WENG Yang, GUO Yujian, ALKHAZRAGI O, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WENG Yang, GUO Yujian, ALKHAZRAGI O, et al. Impact of turbulent-flow-induced scintillation on deep-ocean wireless optical communication[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(19): 5083-5090., articleTitle=Impact of turbulent-flow-induced scintillation on deep-ocean wireless optical communication, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673598464689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=9, pageStart=1463, pageEnd=1474, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=ZOU Zhengxing, WANG Ping, CHEN Wenwen, journalName=Journal of the Optical Society of America A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU Zhengxing, WANG Ping, CHEN Wenwen, et al. Average capacity of a UWOC system with partially coherent Gaussian beams propagating in weak oceanic turbulence[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2019, 36(9): 1463-1474., articleTitle=Average capacity of a UWOC system with partially coherent Gaussian beams propagating in weak oceanic turbulence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673678156466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=69, issue=12, pageStart=15244, pageEnd=15252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=UPPALAPATI A, NAIK R P, KRISHNAN P, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UPPALAPATI A, NAIK R P, KRISHNAN P. Analysis of M-QAM modulated underwater wireless optical communication system for reconfigurable UOWSNs employed in river meets ocean scenario[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(12): 15244-15252., articleTitle=Analysis of M-QAM modulated underwater wireless optical communication system for reconfigurable UOWSNs employed in river meets ocean scenario, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673757848243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=1607, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=ZHOU Hui, ZHAO Hairu, ZHAO Shengping, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Hui, ZHAO Hairu, ZHAO Shengping, et al. The research on a parallel and synchronous encoding and decoding method of multi-level LDPC[C]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, 2020, 1607(1): 012095., articleTitle=The research on a parallel and synchronous encoding and decoding method of multi-level LDPC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673837540020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=1405, pageEnd=1412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=MATHUR J P S, PABDEY A, journalName=Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATHUR J P S, PABDEY A. FER performance analysis and optimization of diagonal structured based QC-LDPC codes with girth 12 using LU decomposition[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2020, 15: 1405-1412., articleTitle=FER performance analysis and optimization of diagonal structured based QC-LDPC codes with girth 12 using LU decomposition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743673900454581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=WANG Li, ZHOU Changzheng, REN Bingyin, journalName=Modern Electronics Technique, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Li, ZHOU Changzheng, REN Bingyin. An improved method of LDPC encoding in CMMB system[J].Modern Electronics Technique, 2016, 39(1): 72-75., articleTitle=An improved method of LDPC encoding in CMMB system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675511067318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=34, authorNames=王莉, 周长征, 任丙印, journalName=现代电子技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王莉, 周长征, 任丙印. 一种 CMMB 系统中 LDPC 编码改进方法[J]. 现代电子技术, 2016, 39(1): 72-75., articleTitle=一种 CMMB 系统中 LDPC 编码改进方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675611730615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=2015, issue=1, pageStart=649814, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHANG Yan, YANG Fengfan, SONG Weijun, journalName=Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yan, YANG Fengfan, SONG Weijun. Performance analysis for cooperative communication system with QC‐LDPC codes constructed with integer sequences[J]. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2015, 2015(1): 649814., articleTitle=Performance analysis for cooperative communication system with QC‐LDPC codes constructed with integer sequences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675691422392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=50, issue=9, pageStart=1389, pageEnd=1396, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=36, authorNames=PRABHAKAR A, NARAYANAN K, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRABHAKAR A, NARAYANAN K. Pseudorandom construction of low-density parity-check codes using linear congruential sequences[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2002, 50(9): 1389-1396., articleTitle=Pseudorandom construction of low-density parity-check codes using linear congruential sequences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675787891385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=37, authorNames=USATYUK V S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=USATYUK V S. Low error floor QC-LDPC codes construction using modified cole's trapping sets enumerating[C]. 2023 25th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA). IEEE, 2023: 1-6., articleTitle=Low error floor QC-LDPC codes construction using modified cole's trapping sets enumerating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675875971770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=10, pageStart=1887, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=38, authorNames=XUE Jiaxin, LI Yupeng, ZHANG Yichao, journalName=Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUE Jiaxin, LI Yupeng, ZHANG Yichao, et al. Investigation of IEEE 802.16 e LDPC code application in PM-DQPSK system[J]. Electronics, 2024, 13(10): 1887., articleTitle=Investigation of IEEE 802.16 e LDPC code application in PM-DQPSK system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743675959857851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=867, pageEnd=874, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=39, authorNames=HU Junyang, JIANG Kangming, journalName=Frontiers in Computer Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Junyang, JIANG Kangming. The improved LU-based decomposition algorithm for sparse matrix of LDPC code[J]. Frontiers in Computer Education, 2012: 867-874., articleTitle=The improved LU-based decomposition algorithm for sparse matrix of LDPC code, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743676026966716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=62, issue=10, pageStart=2696, pageEnd=2708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=40, authorNames=MAHDI A, PALIOURAS V, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAHDI A, PALIOURAS V. A low complexity-high throughput QC-LDPC encoder[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(10): 2696-2708., articleTitle=A low complexity-high throughput QC-LDPC encoder, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743676110852797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=53, issue=8, pageStart=1288, pageEnd=1299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=41, authorNames=CHEN Jinghu, DHOLAKIA A, ELEFTHERIOU E, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Jinghu, DHOLAKIA A, ELEFTHERIOU E, et al. Reduced-complexity decoding of LDPC codes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2005, 53(8): 1288-1299., articleTitle=Reduced-complexity decoding of LDPC codes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743676219904702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=42, authorNames=ZHANG Jingni, YANG Yi, GAO Zhou, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Jingni, YANG Yi, GAO Zhou, et al. Performance analysis of LDPC codes for wireless optical communication systems in different seawater environments[C]. 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018: 1-3., articleTitle=Performance analysis of LDPC codes for wireless optical communication systems in different seawater environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743676303790783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=57, issue=1, pageStart=108, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=43, authorNames=MARLINA L, PAMUKTI B, LIAW S, journalName=Optical and Quantum Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARLINA L, PAMUKTI B, LIAW S, et al. Improving free space optics performance using QC-LDPC codes and simplified bit flipping decoding in low visibility conditions[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2025, 57(1): 108., articleTitle=Improving free space optics performance using QC-LDPC codes and simplified bit flipping decoding in low visibility conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743676383482560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=44, authorNames=ANDREWS L C, PHILLIPS R L, journalName=Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media: Second Edition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANDREWS L C, PHILLIPS R L. Laser beam propagation through random media[J]. Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media: Second Edition, 2005:157., articleTitle=Laser beam propagation through random media, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743664526185066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic of QC-LDPC coded DPSK modulator UWOC system in turbulent channel, figureFileSmall=VzUld7+w0e44JBpy3mGx7Q==, figureFileBig=cKXh/Dfdd0fLJoWxre79Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664601682539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图1, caption=QC-LDPC编码DPSK调制水下光通信系统湍流信道原理, figureFileSmall=VzUld7+w0e44JBpy3mGx7Q==, figureFileBig=cKXh/Dfdd0fLJoWxre79Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664803009132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The distribution of girth and the corresponding number of girth of the check matrix H with different construction methods, figureFileSmall=GzdCfxWt4e4gLGLM90LLwQ==, figureFileBig=AfK+z1fg1KN7fn4HPpAUqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743664912061037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同构造方式校验矩阵H环长与对应环个数分布, figureFileSmall=GzdCfxWt4e4gLGLM90LLwQ==, figureFileBig=AfK+z1fg1KN7fn4HPpAUqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743665004335726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=LN model PDF with different σIt2, figureFileSmall=gsQRNh10LHuCb/oTJj8gSA==, figureFileBig=P5yq1iCeiZG0xh87ufzMgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666669474415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同σIt2下LN模型的PDF, figureFileSmall=gsQRNh10LHuCb/oTJj8gSA==, figureFileBig=P5yq1iCeiZG0xh87ufzMgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666757554800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=BER curves for QC-LDPC coded different modulation formats. (a) OOK, BPSK without low-pass filtering;(b) OOK, BPSK with low-pass filtering, figureFileSmall=qaAdLIsCAwoqcfSKlY4flg==, figureFileBig=SG+pewmU6UVYTVg2kanVJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666828857969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图4, caption=QC-LDPC编码不同调制格式BER曲线。(a) OOK、BPSK无低通滤波;(b) OOK、BPSK有低通滤波, figureFileSmall=qaAdLIsCAwoqcfSKlY4flg==, figureFileBig=SG+pewmU6UVYTVg2kanVJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743666904355442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The BER curves of DPSK modulation with different QC-LDPC coded lengths, figureFileSmall=Oji5h/KqakvqAP4NMD3dPw==, figureFileBig=mCN9Z1DnMtKHmR+c5IGD2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667013407347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同QC-LDPC码长DPSK调制BER曲线, figureFileSmall=Oji5h/KqakvqAP4NMD3dPw==, figureFileBig=mCN9Z1DnMtKHmR+c5IGD2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667093099124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The influence of different quantization accuracy on BER, figureFileSmall=8sz5NMkWWfuvpz6XM5+NQg==, figureFileBig=R/AfRv4VAlqMOAVbQYGICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667185373813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同量化精度对BER的影响, figureFileSmall=8sz5NMkWWfuvpz6XM5+NQg==, figureFileBig=R/AfRv4VAlqMOAVbQYGICQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667277648502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The BER curves of with/without QC-LDPC-coded under different scintillation indices, figureFileSmall=g6cV6hlTCzxLIwEgKpdy9w==, figureFileBig=V7gzHM7IU6Y4P/xtZ1ePmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667361534583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同闪烁指数下有无QC-LDPC编码的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=g6cV6hlTCzxLIwEgKpdy9w==, figureFileBig=V7gzHM7IU6Y4P/xtZ1ePmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667453809272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The BER curves of the LN channel at different transmission distances, figureFileSmall=QSFQ/MHZgjw3jHILHJaUJw==, figureFileBig=GE7TiCzrPYmBynFVGiJI0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667533501049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图8, caption=LN信道不同传输距离的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=QSFQ/MHZgjw3jHILHJaUJw==, figureFileBig=GE7TiCzrPYmBynFVGiJI0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667638358650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The BER curves of different communication rates in the LN channel, figureFileSmall=GVnTki5grsF5w39hP3B7YA==, figureFileBig=ss4UTS5Luo9nTaj3HQVLGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667705467515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图9, caption=LN信道不同通信速率的BER曲线, figureFileSmall=GVnTki5grsF5w39hP3B7YA==, figureFileBig=ss4UTS5Luo9nTaj3HQVLGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667801936508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Diagram of the experimental device for QC-LDPC-coded and modulation UWOC based on FPGA, figureFileSmall=AgiAyXkzN9ivhjnqUjTuUA==, figureFileBig=P+OSZjjO74CNRqS69LqHCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667877433981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图10, caption=基于FPGA的QC-LDPC编码调制UWOC系统实验装置, figureFileSmall=AgiAyXkzN9ivhjnqUjTuUA==, figureFileBig=P+OSZjjO74CNRqS69LqHCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667978097278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Diagram of the experimental setup for the temperature/salt-induced turbulence simulation pool, figureFileSmall=b2ItzT/skzdY7+G+B7BT6g==, figureFileBig=2a6vmFkyhAtqOMK7rF06PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668070371967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图11, caption=温/盐致湍流模拟池实验装置, figureFileSmall=b2ItzT/skzdY7+G+B7BT6g==, figureFileBig=2a6vmFkyhAtqOMK7rF06PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668183618176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The BER varies with the transmitted optical power in the environment of tap water, figureFileSmall=EbcFQr1mKiYFlMPmyl0OUQ==, figureFileBig=srb/dKZhSR7Mv3kpkvbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668263309953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图12, caption=自来水环境下误码率随发射光功率变化, figureFileSmall=EbcFQr1mKiYFlMPmyl0OUQ==, figureFileBig=srb/dKZhSR7Mv3kpkvbpoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668359778946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Power jitter of light intensity at each gradient in temperature-induced turbulence and normalized probability density distribution of light intensity. (a) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(b) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm;(c) Power jitter at temperature gradient of 0.16 ℃/cm;(d) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(e) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm;(f) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at temperature gradient of 0.16 ℃/cm, figureFileSmall=M/T76TM9BlOYs5EhSoXNaw==, figureFileBig=9dMi8DAItYvJ2CXiaaG4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668460442243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图13, caption=温致湍流各梯度光强功率抖动和归一化光强概率密度分布。(a) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(b) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(c) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时功率抖动;(d) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(e) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(f) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布, figureFileSmall=M/T76TM9BlOYs5EhSoXNaw==, figureFileBig=9dMi8DAItYvJ2CXiaaG4pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668523356804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Curve graphs of different coding and modulation formats BER varying with the transmitted optical power in temperature-induced turbulence. (a) BER at temperature gradient of 0.05 ℃/cm;(b) BER at temperature gradient of 0.11 ℃/cm; (c) BER at temperature gradient of 0.16 ℃/cm, figureFileSmall=SHcv2q2dTm0p3C553+I/ow==, figureFileBig=sxxV40aRd8rkkEAYOK4XhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668594659973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图14, caption=温致湍流中不同编码调制格式BER随发射光功率变化曲线。(a) 温度梯度为0.05 ℃/cm时BER;(b) 温度梯度为0.11 ℃/cm时BER;(c) 温度梯度为0.16 ℃/cm时BER, figureFileSmall=SHcv2q2dTm0p3C553+I/ow==, figureFileBig=sxxV40aRd8rkkEAYOK4XhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668657574534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Power jitter of light intensity at each gradient in salt-induced turbulence and the normalized probability density distribution of light intensity. (a) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(b) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm;(c) Power jitter at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm;(d) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(e) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm;(f) Normalized light intensity probability density distribution at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm, figureFileSmall=GCG8VUDEEfdQUJlHmh7YlA==, figureFileBig=Y+pq4o0w5e6AL9FEkzoCpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668745654919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图15, caption=盐致湍流各梯度光强功率抖动和归一化光强概率密度分布。(a) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(b) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(c) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时功率抖动;(d) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(d) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布;(f) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时归一化光强概率密度分布, figureFileSmall=GCG8VUDEEfdQUJlHmh7YlA==, figureFileBig=Y+pq4o0w5e6AL9FEkzoCpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668837929608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Curve graphs of different coding and modulation formats BER varying with the transmitted optical power in salt-induced turbulence. (a) BER at salinity gradient of 0.07 g/L/cm;(b) BER at salinity gradient of 0.13 g/L/cm; (c) BER at salinity gradient of 0.2 g/L/cm, figureFileSmall=IorHQ0HqBj9bmyXXr5fWWQ==, figureFileBig=TZOEHjS4gOQMCG+ClHhAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668913427081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=图16, caption=盐致湍流中不同编码调制格式BER随发射光功率变化曲线。(a) 盐度梯度为0.07 g/L/cm时BER;(b) 盐度梯度为0.13 g/L/cm时BER;(c) 盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时BER, figureFileSmall=IorHQ0HqBj9bmyXXr5fWWQ==, figureFileBig=TZOEHjS4gOQMCG+ClHhAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668988924554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Simulation parameter setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterSymbolValue
Wavelength/nm λ520
Link distance/m L10,20,30
Load resistance/Ω RL50
Photodetector responsivity/(A·W-1) R1
QC-LDPC code length n600,1 200,2 400
QC-LDPC code rate r0.5
Iterative l15
Row weigh M6
Col weight J3
Scintillation index σIt20.14,0.41,0.97
Transmitted optical power/mW Pt10
Symbol period/ns Tb100,6.54
Quantization accuracy—0,5,6,7
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669056033419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

仿真参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterSymbolValue
Wavelength/nm λ520
Link distance/m L10,20,30
Load resistance/Ω RL50
Photodetector responsivity/(A·W-1) R1
QC-LDPC code length n600,1 200,2 400
QC-LDPC code rate r0.5
Iterative l15
Row weigh M6
Col weight J3
Scintillation index σIt20.14,0.41,0.97
Transmitted optical power/mW Pt10
Symbol period/ns Tb100,6.54
Quantization accuracy—0,5,6,7
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669118947980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Set value of temperature gradient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bucket 1/℃Bucket 4/℃Temperature gradient /(℃·cm-1)Average temperature/℃
24160.05
28120.1120
3280.16
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669190251149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

温度梯度设定值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bucket 1/℃Bucket 4/℃Temperature gradient /(℃·cm-1)Average temperature/℃
24160.05
28120.1120
3280.16
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669269942926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Set value of salinity gradient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bucket 1/(g·L-1)Bucket 4/(g·L-1)Salinity gradient/(g·L-1·cm-1)Average salinity/(g·L-1)
25150.07
30100.1320
3550.2
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669370606223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

盐度梯度设定值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Bucket 1/(g·L-1)Bucket 4/(g·L-1)Salinity gradient/(g·L-1·cm-1)Average salinity/(g·L-1)
25150.07
30100.1320
3550.2
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669454492304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

BER@10-5 receiving sensitivity under different water quality conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FormatsTap waterTemperature-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.056)
Salt-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.034)
OOK uncoded4.15 dBm2.04 dBm-1.87 dBm
QC-LDPC+OOK3.69 dBm1.55 dBm-3.18 dBm
DPSK uncoded4.50 dBm0.83 dBm-5.85 dBm
QC-LDPC+DPSK3.67 dBm0.04 dBm-7.48 dBm
), ArticleFig(id=1315743669529989777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

BER@10-5时不同水质环境下的接收灵敏度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FormatsTap waterTemperature-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.056)
Salt-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.034)
OOK uncoded4.15 dBm2.04 dBm-1.87 dBm
QC-LDPC+OOK3.69 dBm1.55 dBm-3.18 dBm
DPSK uncoded4.50 dBm0.83 dBm-5.85 dBm
QC-LDPC+DPSK3.67 dBm0.04 dBm-7.48 dBm
), ArticleFig(id=1315743671161574034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The coding gains of different modulation formats of QC-LDPC coding in turbulent environments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FormatsTap waterTemperature-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.056)
Salt-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.034)
OOK uncoded———
QC-LDPC+OOK0.46 dB0.49 dB1.31 dB
DPSK uncoded———
QC-LDPC+DPSK0.83 dB0.79 dB1.63 dB
), ArticleFig(id=1315743671232877203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

QC-LDPC编码在湍流环境下的不同调制格式编码增益

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FormatsTap waterTemperature-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.056)
Salt-induced turbulence
(δI2=0.034)
OOK uncoded———
QC-LDPC+OOK0.46 dB0.49 dB1.31 dB
DPSK uncoded———
QC-LDPC+DPSK0.83 dB0.79 dB1.63 dB
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, picEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316477625225298568, language=CN, name=光子学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324825, updatedTime=1791802324825, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316477625288213129, language=EN, name=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324840, updatedTime=1791802324840, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1315121910733963395, websiteList=[Website(id=1315346106637210224, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791532549771, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533256542, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光子学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349214071210463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533290641, updateTime=1791533290641, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213987324380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533290621, updateTime=1791533290621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214134125026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290656, updateTime=1791533290656, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213966352859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533290616, updateTime=1791533290616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214171873764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290665, updateTime=1791533290665, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214054433247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791533290637, updateTime=1791533290637, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214155096547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290661, updateTime=1791533290661, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214020878813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791533290629, updateTime=1791533290629, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214083793376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533290644, updateTime=1791533290644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214104764897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533290649, updateTime=1791533290649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1315346107014697606, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791532549861, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533251338, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Photonica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349179224932817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533282333, updateTime=1791533282333, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179187184078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533282324, updateTime=1791533282324, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179271070164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282344, updateTime=1791533282344, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179162018253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533282318, updateTime=1791533282318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179292041686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282349, updateTime=1791533282349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179208155600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791533282329, updateTime=1791533282329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179279458773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282346, updateTime=1791533282346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179199766991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791533282327, updateTime=1791533282327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179233321426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533282335, updateTime=1791533282335, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179258487251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533282341, updateTime=1791533282341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光子学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.photon.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPhotoEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1771948800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于QC-LDPC编码的海洋湍流光通信多调制格式性能对比实验研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
闫军 1 , 张鹏 1, 2 , 于浩 2 , 张鹏浩 1 , 张宇涵 2 , 徐进 2 , 佟首峰 2
光子学报 | 光纤光学与光通信 2026,55(2): 156-172
收起
收藏切换
光子学报 |光纤光学与光通信 2026 , 55 (2) : 156 -172
基于QC-LDPC编码的海洋湍流光通信多调制格式性能对比实验研究
全屏
[Author(id=1315743660319298107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2256197046@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743660415767101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660319298107, language=EN, stringName=Jun YAN, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743660508041790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660319298107, language=CN, stringName=闫军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022, bio={"content":"

闫军,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

闫军,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743660596122176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangpeng@cust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662202540611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660596122176, language=EN, stringName=Peng ZHANG, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662286426692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743660596122176, language=CN, stringName=张鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022
2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662366118470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662462587464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662366118470, language=EN, stringName=Hao YU, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662542279241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662366118470, language=CN, stringName=于浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662630359627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662705857101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662630359627, language=EN, stringName=Penghao ZHANG, firstName=Penghao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662802326094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662630359627, language=CN, stringName=张鹏浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660155720244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660164108853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660172497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660155720244, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743662894600784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743662991069778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662894600784, language=EN, stringName=Yuhan ZHANG, firstName=Yuhan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663112704595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743662894600784, language=CN, stringName=张宇涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743663204979285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663276282455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663204979285, language=EN, stringName=Jin XU, firstName=Jin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663351779928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663204979285, language=CN, stringName=徐进, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])]), Author(id=1315743663423083098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663494386268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663423083098, language=EN, stringName=Shoufeng TONG, firstName=Shoufeng, middleName=null, lastName=TONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743663565689437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, authorId=1315743663423083098, language=CN, stringName=佟首峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743660235412023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660243800632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743660252189241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743655151915537, companyId=1315743660235412023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022)])])]
闫军1 , 张鹏1, 2 , 于浩2, 张鹏浩1, 张宇涵2, 徐进2, 佟首峰2
作者信息
  • 1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022
  • 2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022
通讯作者:
作者简介:
Experimental Research on Performance Comparison of Multi-modulation Formats for Ocean Turbulent Optical Communication Based on QC-LDPC Coded
Jun YAN1 , Peng ZHANG1, 2 , Hao YU2, Penghao ZHANG1, Yuhan ZHANG2, Jin XU2, Shoufeng TONG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
  • 2School of Electro-optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002
文章导航
收藏切换

针对海洋湍流造成光强起伏恶化水下光通信性能问题,基于对数正态分布建立水下无线光通信弱湍流信道数学模型,仿真分析准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在不同调制格式、闪烁指数、编码长度等参数下的编码增益规律和通信特性。仿真结果表明,在10 m传输距离下差分相移键控调制加入编码后系统误码率下降至4×10-5,对于开关键控和二进制相移键控在低信噪比时加入编码后带来的性能提升可能不足以抵消译码复杂度的增加,从而导致误码率升高。搭建了基于模拟海洋湍流水池的蓝绿光激光通信实验平台,进行通信距离1.5 m、通信速率10 Mbps的准循环低密度奇偶校验编码海洋湍流光通信多调制格式通信性能对比实验研究,引入闪烁指数δI2衡量湍流强度大小。实验结果表明当误码率为10-5量级时,准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在自来水、温致湍流(δI2=0.056)、盐致湍流(δI2=0.034)环境下对开关键控调制的编码增益分别为0.46 dB、0.49 dB、1.31 dB;对差分相移键控调制的编码增益分别为0.83 dB、0.79 dB、1.63 dB。准循环低密度奇偶校验编码在弱湍流信道中对差分相移键控调制的编码增益较高,并在盐致湍流环境中有较高的编码增益,抗干扰效果更好。

水下光通信  /  海洋弱湍流  /  对数正态分布湍流模型  /  差分相移键控  /  准循环低密度奇偶校验码  /  闪烁指数

The Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) system has advantages such as high transmission speed and high reliability. The presence of ocean turbulence can induce fluctuations in light intensity, thereby degrading the communication performance of the system. Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes can mitigate the impact of ocean turbulence on Bit Error Rate (BER) and enhance the communication performance of UWOC systems. However, research on QC-LDPC codes in UWOC has primarily focused on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The gain effect of QC-LDPC coding may vary under different modulation formats, and specific experimental verification is lacking. In response to the absence of experimental research on the coding gain of different modulation formats in turbulent environments, this paper investigates the influence of QC-LDPC codes on the coding gain of different modulation formats in weak ocean turbulent channels under mixed coding modulation schemes.

A mathematical simulation model for weak turbulent channels in UWOC is established based on the Log-normal distribution. The check matrix H is constructed using the Dayan sequence, and QC-LDPC encoding is carried out based on the minimum row-column product LU decomposition algorithm to obtain the encoded sequence, which exhibits lower computational complexity compared to direct encoding algorithms. At the receiving end, the Minimum Sum Algorithm (MSA) with low computational complexity is selected for decoding, which is convenient for hardware implementation. The coding gain and communication characteristics of QC-LDPC encoding under different modulation formats, scintillation indices, transmission distance, encoding lengths, and other parameters are simulated and analyzed. Subsequently, a blue-green laser communication experimental platform is designed and built based on a simulated ocean turbulence pool, and comparative experimental research is conducted on the communication performance of QC-LDPC-encoded ocean turbulence optical communication with multiple modulation formats at a transmission distance of 1.5 m and a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. Field Programmable logic Gate Array (FPGA) is employed for QC-LDPC encoding, signal modulation and demodulation. Temperature-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting hot water of different temperatures into a transparent water tank, and salt-induced turbulence is simulated by injecting salt water of different concentrations, and normalized scintillation index δI2is introduced to describe the fluctuation of light intensity at the receiving end, in order to measure turbulence intensity. Aiming to research the encoding gain of QC-LDPC for different modulation formats in weak turbulence environments.

The simulation results indicate that the performance improvement brought by adding QC-LDPC encoding in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation and Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) control modulation may be insufficient to offset the increase in decoding complexity, leading to an increase in the BER. Incorporating techniques such as low-pass filtering or probability shaping at the receiving end to improve the waveform can appropriately reduce the BER and increase the encoding gain. The BER of the QC-LDPC coded Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation system decreases as the code length increases, and the best anti-turbulence effect is achieved when the code length is 2 400. In contrast, the BER of the QC-LDPC coded DPSK modulation system increases with the increase in the scintillation indices, communication distance, and data rate. When the communication distance is 10 m and the scintillation indices is 0.14, the BER of DPSK modulation with QC-LDPC coding is reduced to 4×10⁻⁵. The experimental results show that QC-LDPC encoding can effectively mitigate the impact of weak turbulence on the BER. Compared with the uncoded modulation format, when the BER is 10⁻⁵, the encoding gains of QC-LDPC encoding for OOK modulation in tap water, temperature-induced turbulence (δI2=0.056), and salt-induced turbulence (δI2=0.034) environments are 0.46 dB, 0.49 dB, and 1.31 dB, respectively; while the encoding gains for DPSK modulation are 0.83 dB, 0.79 dB, and 1.63 dB, respectively. The QC-LDPC encoding gains for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence are higher than those in temperature-induced turbulence.

The coding gain of QC-LDPC codes for OOK modulation and DPSK modulation in salt-induced turbulence is higher than that in temperature-induced turbulence. Adding the mixed modulation of QC-LDPC coding in the UWOC system is conducive to reducing the underwater turbulence effect and has a better turbulence suppression effect compared with DPSK modulation alone. The combination of the QC-LDPC+DPSK coding modulation system has higher coding gain and better anti-interference ability compared with the QC-LDPC+OOK coding modulation system.

Underwater optical communication  /  Weak turbulence in the ocean  /  Log-normal turbulence model  /  Differential phase shift keying  /  Quasi-cyclic low-density parity check code  /  Scintillation indices
闫军, 张鹏, 于浩, 张鹏浩, 张宇涵, 徐进, 佟首峰. 基于QC-LDPC编码的海洋湍流光通信多调制格式性能对比实验研究. 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (2) : 156 -172 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002
Jun YAN, Peng ZHANG, Hao YU, Penghao ZHANG, Yuhan ZHANG, Jin XU, Shoufeng TONG. Experimental Research on Performance Comparison of Multi-modulation Formats for Ocean Turbulent Optical Communication Based on QC-LDPC Coded[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (2) : 156 -172 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002
与以声波为载体的传统通信方式相比,水下无线光通信(Underwater Wireless Optical Communication, UWOC)系统具有带宽大、时延低、抗干扰能力强、安全性强、功耗低等优点,具有实现多种水下服务的潜力,例如海洋监测、安全导航和灾害预防等[1-2]。波长为440~570 nm的蓝绿光在海水中的传输损耗最小,然而,当光束在水下信道中传播时,会受到海水吸收、散射等各种干扰,特别是海洋湍流引起的光强闪烁,不可避免地会造成光强损耗和码间串扰,从而降低系统通信性能[3]。因此,研究水下湍流的衰落特性并寻找相应的减缓技术具有重要意义。
为了减轻湍流效应的影响,研究人员提出了前向纠错编码(Forward Error Correction, FEC)[4-5]、多跳中继传输[6]、多入多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)[7]等技术来提高UWOC系统的性能。近年来,FEC在UWOC系统中的应用得到了广泛的研究。文献[8]采用里德-所罗门(Reed-Solomon, RS)码和Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem码,研究在对数正态分布(Log-normal, LN)湍流模型下正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)调制光通信系统的可靠运行,仿真距离10 m,通信速率100 kbps。低密度奇偶校验码(Low-density Parity-check Code, LDPC)因其在香农极限附近且具有良好纠错能力而得到广泛研究,此外,相对于Turbo码的指数增长,LDPC码的译码复杂度呈线性增长,在硬件实现上更有优势[9]。准循环低密度奇偶校验码(Quasi-Cyclic Low-density Parity-check Code, QC-LDPC)作为LDPC码的一种特殊形式,与普通LDPC码相比,优势体现在工程可实现性。QC-LDPC码编码复杂度与校验比特位数成正比或与码字长度成正比,而普通LDPC码的编码复杂度通常与码长的平方成正比,难以实现高效编码。在FPGA实现中,QC-LDPC码的准循环结构可通过分块矩阵并行处理消息传递,显著提升译码速度。普通LDPC码因校验矩阵的随机性,需要更多的硬件资源来存储和计算。QC-LDPC码凭借出色的误码性能和较高的编码效率成为光通信中不可或缺的一部分。
LDPC码的编码性能由编码长度、校验矩阵结构、编解码算法及信道噪声共同决定,而湍流强弱、调制格式与水质条件等外部因素又会进一步放大或削弱其抗干扰能力。因此,不同通信条件下LDPC码的抗干扰性能表征成为研究人员关注的焦点。其中多数研究聚焦于不同湍流模型下LDPC码的编码增益。在指数威尔布分布湍流模型中,文献[10]研究了闪烁指数为0.05和0.1时LDPC编码OFDM调制的编码性能,发现当信噪比(Signal Noise Ratio, SNR)为10 dB,LDPC码长为1 024时,误码率(Bit Error Rate, BER)可达1×10-4。但是LDPC编码长度较短且未对其他码长通信性能进行研究,闪烁指数大于0.1时的湍流衰减不能很好地克服。在广义伽马(Generalized Gamma, GG)湍流模型中,文献[11][12]分别研究了固定码长下无载波幅度相位(Carrierless Amplitude/Phase, CAP)调制和多脉冲位置调制(Multiple Pulse Position Modulation,MPPM)格式LDPC编码的通信性能。在CAP调制下,当闪烁指数为1.4, 信噪比为19.5 dB时,BER可达10-4数量级。在Gamma-Gamma分布湍流模型中,研究人员仿真研究了LDPC码结合多进制相移键控(Multiple Phase Shift Keying. MPSK)[13]、开关键控(On-off Keying, OOK)[14]和偏移正交相移键控(Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, OQPSK)[15]调制下UWOC系统的性能,结果表明LDPC码在不同程度上减轻湍流效应的影响。在对数正态分布湍流模型[16]中,文献[17]、[18]研究了不同水质条件下LDPC编码OOK调制和MPSK调制的编码增益。许多学者使用不同的湍流模型来研究LDPC码的通信最优参数。然而,QC-LDPC码在弱湍流信道中对不同调制格式的编码增益对比的研究尚未见报道,在UWOC系统中,是否需普遍采用QC-LDPC编码以实现可靠传输,以及QC-LDPC码与不同调制格式的适配性对系统性能的影响,暂未见相关研究报道。
因此,本文提出基于Dayan序列构造校验矩阵,选择最小行列积LU分解算法进行QC-LDPC编码,研究QC-LDPC编码在对数正态分布模型下不同调制格式的通信性能。首先建立了一个调制信道模型,将LN湍流模型与接收信号连接起来进行定量仿真。其次,利用Dayan序列构造H矩阵,消除矩阵中周长为4的短环,防止解码不收敛。最后,通过模拟和量化不同QC-LDPC码长、精度、闪烁指数、通信距离和通信速率等参数,研究了QC-LDPC编码在LN弱湍流中的编码增益规律和误码率性能。基于FPGA搭建水下无线光通信系统实验平台,对比分析QC-LDPC编码在温/盐致湍流信道中OOK调制和差分相移键控(Differential Phase Shift Keying, DPSK)调制格式的编码增益和通信特性。
本节介绍UWOC系统框图以及LN弱湍流和波束衰减情况影响下的光通信信道模型。系统框图如图1所示。在发送端,输入二进制比特流b首先由(n,k)位QC-LDPC编码器进行编码,其中k位为消息长度,n位为编码后码字输出。以DPSK调制为例,编码后的信号序列c经过DPSK调制器,产生DPSK信号序列x,驱动激光二极管(Laser Diode, LD)发射光信号,光束通过水下湍流信道到达APD光电探测器。在接收端,光电探测器将光信号转换为电信号,输出信号序列y,经过DPSK解调器得到序列d。最后,QC-LDPC解码器对解码后比特流b'进行恢复,并通过比较序列b和b'的误码率计算系统误码率。
考虑到波束在海水中传播会受到海洋湍流衰减,海水中的吸收、散射效应[19]以及探测器本身热噪声的影响,将海洋信道干扰建模为乘性干扰h,将探测器热噪声建模为加性高斯白噪声u,则APD处的电信号可表示为[20-21]
y=RhPtTbx+u
式中,R为探测器灵敏度;h为包括海洋湍流引起的随机衰落It和吸收、散射引起的确定性路径损耗Il在内的聚合信道系数,假设所有的衰落系数在统计上是独立的;Pt为每比特传输光功率;Tb为码元符号持续时间[7];x为DPSK调制器的电输出信号;假设噪声方差的主要来源仅为APD的热噪声,忽略背景噪声和射散噪声(因为这些方差明显小于热噪声源的方差),信道噪声u为均值为零、方差为σ2的加性高斯白噪声(Additive White Gaussian Noise, AWGN)。噪声方差σ2=4KbTeBe/RL,其中Kb=1.38×1023 J/K为玻尔兹曼常数,Te=256 K为绝对温度,Be=400 MHz为APD的信号接收带宽,RL=50 Ω为探测器负载阻抗,由此计算得到噪声方差为σ2=1.13×10-13[22-23]。
吸收和散射的衰减效应会降低UWOC链路中光束的平均辐照度。UWOC信道中的波束衰减本质上是确定性的,可以用比尔-朗伯定律来表示[24],即
Il=exp-c(λ)L
式中,L为通信链接距离,λ=520 nm为光源波长,便于对比工程实现,c(λ)=a(λ)+b(λ)是海水衰减系数[25],a(λ)和b(λ)分别为吸收系数和散射系数,其值随波长和水质类型的不同而变化。
由于水介质的运动引起的湍流会使光信号的强度产生波动,对数正态分布模型因其相对简单成为近年来用于描述水下光学湍流的主要统计分布之一。通常用对数正态分布密度函数表示水下弱湍流引起的光束辐照度It波动。对数正态分布随机变量It的概率密度函数(Probability Density Function, PDF)为[26]
fIt(It)=12It2πσx2exp-(lnIt-2μx)28σx2
式中,μX和σX2分别为高斯分布随机变量X=12ln(It)的均值和方差。为了确保衰落只对接收到的光信号产生波动,将衰落系数归一化为E(It)=1。均值μX=-σX2,对数强度方差σX2=14ln(σIt2+1),σIt2为闪烁指数,E(·)表示期望。对数正态分布模型通常被认为描述弱湍流的有效模型,其中σIt2<1[27]。当为平面波传输时闪烁指数σIt2为[28]
σIt2=8π2k2L∫01∫0∞κΦn(κ)1-cosLκ2ζkdκdζ
式中,k=2π/λ为波数,κ=1/λ为空间频率幅度,ζ∈[0,L]为收发端的距离变量,Φn(κ)为海洋湍流功率谱密度函数,其数学表达式为[29]
Φn(κ)=0.388×10-8ε-13κ-113χTω-21+2.35(κξ)23×(ω2e-ATδ+e-ASδ-2ωe-ATSδ)
式中,ε=1×10-4 m2/s3为动能耗散率,取值范围为[10-2 m2/s3, 10-8 m2/s3];χT=5.84×10-5 K2/s为温度方差耗散率,取值范围为[10-2 K2/s, 10-10 K2/s];ω=-3.5为温盐梯度比,其值在[-5,0]范围内,ω=-5对应温度主导型湍流,ω=0对应盐度主导型湍流,负号表示温度随深度降低,盐度随深度增加[30];ξ=10-3 m为Kolmogorov微尺度,取值范围为[6×10-5 m, 0.01 m]。δ=8.284(κξ)4/3+12.978(κξ)2,AT=1.863×10-2,AS=1.9×10-4,ATS=9.41×10-3[31],得出当前闪烁指数为0.14。通过调整式(5)中的变量值来改变数值仿真中的湍流强度。
水下湍流效应和路径衰减引起的光束传播损耗共同作用下的信道增益为h=Il⋅It,得到相应的PDF为
fh(h)=12h2πσx2exp-(lnh/I1-2μx)28σx2
直接编码算法[32]最初由Gallager博士提出,利用高斯消去法将校验矩阵H变换为生成矩阵G,根据c=S×G矩阵得到码字序列c(S为信息序列),此过程不仅破坏了H矩阵的稀疏性,而且计算量和算法复杂度较高,硬件资源消耗大不利于硬件实现。QC-LDPC编码首先通过Dayan数列构造无四环的校验矩阵H。LU算法[33]将H矩阵分割为信息位矩阵Hs和校验位矩阵Hp,将校验矩阵Hp分解成两个矩阵相乘后进行直接编码,不需要转换G矩阵,保证H矩阵稀疏性的同时降低编码计算量便于硬件实现[34]。最小和算法(Min-Sum Algorithm, MSA)译码计算复杂度较低,便于后期硬件实现,因此接收端使用MSA算法进行QC-LDPC译码来提高信息传输的完整性。
本文使用的(J,M)位QC-LDPC码的校验矩阵H由p×p循环置换矩阵的J×M(J=3,M=6)数组表示,M为行重、J为列重,码率r=0.5。其码长n=M⋅p,通过改变p的大小获得不同长度的编码序列c,H表达式为[35]
H=I(p0,0)I(p0,1)⋯I(p0,M-1)I(p1,0)I(p1,1)⋯I(p1,M-1)⋮⋮⋮⋮I(pJ-1,0)I(pJ-1,1)⋯I(pJ-1,M-1)
式中,0≤j≤(J-1),0≤m≤(M-1)。I(0)表示大小为p×p的单位矩阵,I(pj,m)表示I(0)经过环形右移pj,m次后的矩阵,矩阵的每一行只包含一个1。将矩阵的最后一行右移一个元素,得到矩阵的第一行;矩阵的每一列向下循环移位一个元素,得到矩阵的下一列;矩阵的最后一列向下循环移位一个元素,得到矩阵的第一列。pj,m表示循环置换矩阵的移位值,即该矩阵第r行的1在(r+pj,m)modp列中,其中0≤r≤(p-1),第r行的其他列均为0。设由pj,m组成的奇偶校验矩阵H的移位矩阵B为
B=p0,0p0,1⋯p0,M-1p1,0p1,1⋯p1,M-1⋮⋮⋮⋮pJ-1,0pJ-1,1⋯pJ-1,M-1
上述校验矩阵H包含一个由p×p循环置换矩阵的序列组成的循环。在LDPC码中,环是Tanner图中由变量节点和校验节点交替连接形成的闭合路径,其长度定义为路径中边的数。译码时关键参数是由校验节点和变量节点组成的Tanner图的最短环长度,也叫环的周长。而周长为4的环在第二次迭代中改变译码信息时,短周长的环使得Tanner图变得相关,译码不会收敛或变慢,最终影响纠错性能。所以,在构造校验矩阵时必须防止四环的产生。对于QC-LDPC码,长度为2i的循环可以表示为(j0,m0)、(j1,m1)、⋯、(jk,mk)、⋯、(ji-1,mi-1)、(ji,mi),其中(ji,mi)表示矩阵H中I(pj,k)行jk和列mk。为了准确地表示一个循环,需要满足jk≠jk+1和mk≠mk+1。文献[36]给出的无四环的码充要条件为
∑k=0i-1(pjk,mk-pjk+1,mk)≠0modp
式中,ji≠j0;jk≠jk+1;mk≠mk+1。Dayan序列定义:f(z)是一个序列,z是任意一个非负整数。当z为奇数时,f(z)=(z×z-1)/2;当z是偶数时,f(z)=(z×z)/2。采用Dayan正数序列构造的QC-LDPC码校验矩阵可以去除周长为4的环,式(7)中的校验矩阵,循环置换矩阵排列在第j行m列的移位值为[35]
pi,j=f(i+5j)×j2+5
对Dayan、Mackay[37]和IEEE802.16e[38]构建的校验矩阵进行环数检测,并根据式(10)消去矩阵中周长为4和6的短环。从图2中可以看出,基于相同码长的Dayan序列构建H矩阵,成功地消除了周长为4的循环且6环个数最少。至此校验矩阵H构造完成。
为了降低编码计算量,根据最小行列积LU分解算法将H矩阵分解为校验矩阵Hp和信息矩阵Hs。编码序列c分解成校验位向量p和信息位向量b,此时奇偶校验约束可写为
H⋅cT=(Hp,Hs)⋅(pT,bT)T=0
化简得
Hp⋅p=Hs⋅b
通过对校验矩阵Hp进行LU分解可以得到L⋅U=A⋅Hp⋅B的等价表达式。其中,L为向下指向的三角形矩阵,U为向上指向的三角形矩阵,A为行索引转置矩阵,B为列索引转置矩阵。矩阵Hp、L、U、A和B都是(n-k)阶方阵。由于可互换矩阵A和B可以表示为一系列矩阵的乘积,因此矩阵A和B都是可逆矩阵。因此可以得到[39]
A⋅Hp⋅p=A⋅Hp⋅B⋅B-1⋅p=L⋅U⋅B-1⋅p=A⋅Hs⋅b
令A⋅Hs=Hs',Hs'⋅b=g,U⋅B-1⋅p=y,B-1⋅p=x,则可由下列步骤计算出奇偶校验列向量p[40]和编码序列c:
1)计算等式g=Hs'⋅b=(A⋅Hs)⋅b得到g;
2)根据式(13)中L⋅U⋅B-1⋅p=A⋅Hs⋅b可得L×y=g,将步骤1)得到的g代入,利用前向迭代计算得到y;
3)根据U⋅B-1⋅p=y可得U×x=y,利用后项迭代计算得到x;
4)根据x=B-1⋅p,等式两边同乘可逆矩阵B得到校验位列向量p=B⋅x,计算出校验比特p后,和信息位b合并即可得到编码后的码字序列c[41]。
本节将仿真分析QC-LDPC编码UWOC系统的误码率性能,基于伪随机码产生的105个二进制数据传输。仿真参数如表1所示,海水衰减系数c(λ=520nm)=0.151 m-1。
图3给出了不同σIt2值下LN分布的PDF,以保证准确的LN湍流通道用于误码估计。σIt2值越大,湍流越强。从图中可以看出,σIt2越大,PDF(It)峰值越小,曲线越平坦。
为了观察不同调制格式在湍流信道中加入QC-LDPC码后的通信性能,选择码长为2 400的QC-LDPC编码,对OOK、BPSK和DPSK三种调制格式进行系统仿真计算。Eb/N0代表单个比特信噪比,图4(a)所示的三种未编码调制格式中,DPSK调制在单个比特信噪比Eb/N0=10 dB时, BER =2.94×10-5,表现出较好的抗干扰性能。仿真设计在接收端未加入如匹配滤波、概率整形、时域均衡等信号处理技术优化接收信号波形,且信噪比Eb/N0范围较小,如图4(a)所示,加入编码后带来的性能提升可能不足以抵消译码复杂度的增加,因此OOK和BPSK的编码增益较小。在接收端加入信号处理技术有利于QC-LDPC编码发挥纠错能力,获得更高的编码增益[42]。随后,在OOK和BPSK调制选择加入载波调制而非数据映射,系统接收端加入低通滤波技术改善接收端的信号波形[43]。不同调制格式误码率曲线如图4(b),仿真结果与后续实验结果基本一致,OOK和BPSK加入QC-LDPC编码后随信噪比增加误码率逐渐降低。当信噪比Eb/N0为13 dB时,OOK调制误码率从7.17×10-2下降到1.47×10-3,降低1个数量级;BPSK调制误码率从4.349×10-4下降到3.33×10-6,降低2个数量级。因此,接收端加入信号处理技术有利于QC-LDPC编码发挥纠错能力,获得更高的编码增益。
图5表明QC-LDPC编码长度对DPSK调制系统BER性能的影响,此时闪烁指数σIt2=0.14。从图中可以看出当QC-LDPC码长为2 400时系统BER性能最好,在信噪比为5.5 dB时BER=1×10-5。当QC-LDPC码长为600、1 200、2 400,BER为2.95×10-5时,系统的编码增益依次为3.53 dB、4.12 dB、4.47 dB。
此外,量化精度对QC-LDPC码的抗干扰能力也有影响。特别是在软判决解码过程中。如果量化精度不够,将会降低译码性能。因此,有必要对接收到的信息位进行均匀量化,并选择合适的量化位宽。将接收到的信息进行量化,并分别比较量化位宽为5、6、7时的通信情况。由图6可知,当量化位宽为6时,效果最好,当BER=1×10-4时,可带来0.52 dB增益。因此,本文选择6位宽量化。
从图7可以看出,无论是否采用QC-LDPC编码,在DPSK调制下,误码率都随着闪烁指数的降低而逐渐降低。QC-LDPC编码的DPSK调制对湍流有较好的抗干扰能力。闪烁指数为σIt2=0.14、信噪比为7 dB时,误码率降低了4个数量级。
图8描述了系统通信传输距离对LN信道中QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制的误码率的影响。在10 m传输距离下,当信噪比为5 dB时,QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制的误码率比DPSK低3个数量级。当传输距离为20 m,信噪比为5 dB时,QC-LDPC+DPSK的误码率较未编码DPSK低2个数量级。在短距离水下通信中,QC-LDPC编码具有较好的纠错能力。当通信距离为30 m时,未编码DPSK不再能够实现可靠通信。
图9表明不同通信速率对有无QC-LDPC编码DPSK调制UWOC系统的影响。加入QC-LDPC编码的DPSK调制在通信速率为10 Mbps和155 Mbps时,误码率曲线差距较小。当SNR=10 dB时,未编码DPSK调制在不同通信速率下BER差值为4.7×10-4。
基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable logic Gate Array, FPGA)搭建如图10所示的UWOC系统进行实验验证。采用Vivado2019.2平台对各功能模块代码进行程序编写和仿真验证。本实验装置由发射端、透明水箱、接收端三部分构成。水箱尺寸为1.5 m×0.6 m×0.3 m,通信速率为10 Mbps,用4个水泵注入不同温度梯度热水、不同浓度梯度盐水的方式模拟海水的温致湍流、盐致湍流信道,分别比较未编码OOK调制、QC-LDPC+OOK编码调制、未编码DPSK调制、QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制在不同湍流信道下的通信特性。系统发射端器件由电脑、FPGA开发板(XC7K325TFFG900-2)、数模转换(DAC9122, 600 MHz)、激光器驱动底座(Thorlabs,LDM9LP)、偏置电流控制器(Thorlabs, LDC240C)、520 nm激光二极管、衰减片构成,FMC-CEP子卡连接FPGA和QC-LDPC编解码模块(XC7K325TFFG676-2)。接收端由光电探测器APD430A2(400~1 100 nm, 400 MHz)、可调增益衰减器(kT2.5-90/1S-2S, 0~90 dB)、聚焦透镜、模数转换模块(ADC9643, 250 Msps)、FPGA开发板、电脑组成。
温/盐致湍流模拟池如图11所示,向水箱内注入清澈自来水,注水高度13 cm,此时水箱内共有水117 L,信号光源的入射高度在距离箱底7.5 cm处,光路完全在水里,能较好地模拟真实的水下光路通信环境。在发送端,由FPGA生成阶数为223的随机信号,并进行QC-LDPC编码和DPSK调制得到已调电信号,QC-LDPC码长2 400,码率0.5,采用MSA进行QC-LDPC解码,译码迭代次数为15。经DAC9122驱动520 nm激光二极管产生已调光信号,偏置电流控制器通过控制输出电流大小来控制激光二极管输出光强。在发射端放置光衰减片来控制发射光功率,光信号强度由光功率计(Thorlabs PM100D, 100 pW~200 W)测量,使用示波器(RIGOL DS1202Z-E, 200 MHz)观测信号波形。经过1.5 m的水箱传输后到达接收端,接收端放置聚焦镜对输出光进行聚焦后进入到光电探测器进行光电转换。ADC9643的输入电压范围是0~2 Vpp,而光电探测器内部具有跨阻增益放大器,因此加入可调增益衰减器对输出电压信号进行限幅之后进入FPGA进行解调译码,在FPGA内部生成原始随机码序列对比恢复码元从而计算误码率。
水箱内初始水温设置为20 ℃,4个水桶容量为20 L。将1、4水桶内的水泵入到水箱两端,用2、3水桶将水箱中的水泵出。温度梯度设置如表2,盐度梯度设置如表3。
在进行温致湍流模拟实验时,为了更好地观察湍流模拟效果,对实验光源进行功率抖动测试,引入闪烁指数来描述光强起伏情况,归一化闪烁指数[44]的表达式为
δI2=I2I2-1
式中,I为接收到的光功率。
从图12可以看出,随着发射功率的增加,不同编码调制格式的误码率逐渐降低。加入QC-LDPC编码后,QC-LDPC+OOK编码调制和QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制的误码率性能优于未编码OOK调制和未编码DPSK调制。在10 Mbps通信速率下,QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制格式优于OOK、QC-LDPC+OOK、DPSK,但随着发射功率增加,编码增益逐渐缩小。在BER=9.56×10-6时,QC-LDPC编码对于OOK调制编码增益为0.5 dB,对于DPSK调制编码增益为4 dB。
在温致湍流模拟信道下,测得发射功率为1 mW时接收端不同温度梯度湍流光强的功率抖动和归一化光强概率密度函数分布如图13。温度梯度设置依次为0.05 ℃/cm、0.11 ℃/cm和0.16 ℃/cm,各梯度温致湍流接收端光斑图如图(13)中(d)、(e)、(f)所示。根据式(14)计算其闪烁指数δI2分别为0.022、0.037和0.056。光强概率密度变化符合对数正态分布,说明实验环境模拟较为准确,随着温度梯度的增加,闪烁指数逐渐增大。
图14为不同温度梯度下不同编码调制格式BER随发射光功率变化曲线。在不同梯度温致湍流强度条件下,各编码调制系统误码率随着湍流强度的增加而升高。如图14(a)在发射功率为-8 dBm时,加入QC-LDPC编码后的OOK调制和DPSK调制误码率明显下降,QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制误码率为1.55×10-4,低于QC-LDPC+OOK编码调制误码率2.32×10-3。随着温致湍流梯度增加,闪烁指数变大, QC-LDPC编码对湍流的缓解作用逐渐减小,编码增益逐渐降低。
在盐致湍流模拟信道下,测得发射功率为1 mW时接收端不同湍流强度的功率抖动和概率密度函数分布如图15。盐度梯度依次为0.07 g/L/cm、0.13 g/L/cm和0.2 g/L/cm,各梯度盐致湍流接收端光斑如图15(d)、(e)、(f)所示,对应计算得出的闪烁指数δI2分别为0.007、0.011和0.034。
在不同盐度梯度盐致湍流环境中进行QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制的水下激光通信,同时测试了未编码OOK、QC-LDPC+OOK编码调制、DPSK调制的不同编码调制格式在不同盐度梯度盐致湍流模拟信道下BER随发射功率变化情况,如图16。随着盐度梯度的增加,盐致湍流中光强闪烁指数逐渐增大。此外,由于水中盐度的上升,水箱中的浑浊度也逐渐加剧,导致接收端的光强幅值信号降低,通信性能受湍流影响更大。由图16(c)可知,在盐度梯度为0.2 g/L/cm时,接收功率大于2 dBm时系统才能实现可靠通信,QC-LDPC编码增益在低功率时表现出更好的纠错性能,但随着功率增加,误码数减少,此时QC-LDPC+DPSK的误码率与未编码的DPSK和OOK差距逐渐减小。但总体而言QC-LDPC+DPSK在盐致湍流信道中表现出良好的抗湍流能力。
测得不同环境下未编码OOK、QC-LDPC+OOK编码调制、未编码DPSK和QC-LDPC+DPSK编码调制UWOC系统在BER为10-5量级时接收灵敏度如表4。
基于表4得出QC-LDPC在不同水下湍流衰减信道对不同调制格式的编码增益性能对比如表5。
由表5可以看出,以未编码OOK调制为基准,QC-LDPC编码在自来水、温致湍流(δI2=0.056)、盐致湍流(δI2=0.034)环境下对OOK调制的编码增益分别为0.46 dB、0.49 dB、1.31 dB。以未编码DPSK调制为基准,QC-LDPC编码在自来水、温致湍流(δI2=0.056)、盐致湍流(δI2=0.034)环境下对DPSK调制的编码增益分别为0.83 dB、0.79 dB、1.63 dB。QC-LDPC码在对OOK调制和DPSK调制在盐致湍流中的编码增益高于温致湍流中的编码增益,对于盐致湍流有更好抗干扰效果。
本文基于对数正态分布湍流模型,对比研究QC-LDPC编码在海洋湍流光通信系统中多调制格式通信性能。仿真分析QC-LDPC编码在弱湍流信道中对不同调制格式的编码增益,随后仿真量化QC-LDPC编码在不同闪烁指数、编码长度、量化精度、通信距离和速率等变量下误码率随Eb/N0变化情况。仿真结果表明,QC-LDPC编码对不同调制格式编码增益不同,通信距离为10 m、闪烁指数为0.14时,DPSK调制加入编码后误码率降低至4×10-5,OOK调制和BPSK调制低信噪比时编码带来的性能提升可能不足以抵消译码复杂度的增加,因而编码增益较小。QC-LDPC编码DPSK调制系统的误码率随编码长度的增加而减小,随闪烁指数、距离和数据速率的增加而增大。搭建基于FPGA的1.5 m水下激光通信实验平台,以研究在通信速率为10 Mbps时,不同湍流环境下QC-LDPC编码与OOK和DPSK调制的编码增益特性。与未编码调制格式相比,当误码率为10-5量级时,QC-LDPC编码在自来水、温致湍流(δI2=0.056)、盐致湍流(δI2=0.034)环境下对OOK调制的编码增益分别为0.46 dB、0.49 dB、1.31 dB;对DPSK调制的编码增益分别为0.83 dB、0.79 dB、1.63 dB。QC-LDPC编码对盐致湍流有更好的抑制效果,编码增益更高,相同环境下DPSK的编码增益高于OOK调制。因此,在UWOC系统中加入QC-LDPC编码DPSK调制的通信性能优于OOK调制,抗干扰能力更好。QC-LDPC编码虽然具有抗干扰的优点,但也有其局限性,如QC-LDPC编码的复杂性、对量化位宽的敏感性、码长限制、校验矩阵构造等。在UWOC系统的应用中,需要考虑选择合适的编解码算法和量化精度。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
GOKCE M C, BAYKAL Y, ATA Y. Binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation performance in weak oceanic turbulence[J]. Physical Communication, 2019, 37: 100904.
2
TANG X, ZHANG L, SUN C, et al. Underwater wireless optical communication based on DPSK modulation and silicon photomultiplier[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 204676-204683.
3
PANG Weina, WANG Ping, GUO Lixin, et al. Performance investigation of UWOC system with multiuser diversity scheduling schemes in oceanic turbulence channels[J]. Optics Communications, 2019, 441: 138-148.
4
DJORDJEVIC I B, VASIC B, NEIFELD M. LDPC coded OFDM over the atmospheric turbulence channel[J]. Optics Express, 2007, 15(10): 6336-6350.
5
MATTOUSSI F, KHALIGHI M A, BOURENNANE S. Improving the performance of underwater wireless optical communication links by channel coding[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(9): 2115-2120.
6
JAMALI M V, CHIZARI A, SALEHI J A. Performance analysis of multi-hop underwater wireless optical communication systems[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2017, 29(5): 462-465.
7
RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P. High-speed and reliable underwater wireless optical communication system using multiple-input multiple-output and channel coding techniques for IoUT applications[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 461: 125229.
8
HEMA R, ANANTHI A, DIANA D C. Coded GFDM with decision feedback equaliser for enhanced performance in underwater wireless optical communication[J]. Opto-Electronics Review, 2024: 32.
9
ZHU Yufei, XING Zuocheng, LI Zerun, et al. High area-efficient parallel encoder with compatible architecture for 5g LDPC codes[J]. Symmetry, 2021, 13(4): 700.
10
GUO Jianzhong, XIAO Jinpeng, CHEN Jing, et al. Performance analysis of LDPC-coded OFDM in underwater wireless optical communications[C]. Photonics. MDPI, 2023, 10(3): 330.
11
JIANG Hongyan, QIU Hongbing, HE Ning, et al. LDPC-coded CAP with spatial diversity for UVLC systems over generalized-gamma fading channel[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(12): 3378.
12
JIANG Hongyan, HE Ning, LIAO Xin, et al. The BER Performance of the LDPC-Coded MPPM over turbulence UWOC channels [J]. Photonics, 2022, 9: 349.
13
CHEN Wenwen, WANG Ping, WANG Wei, et al. Impact of temperature gradients on average bit error rate performance of low-density parity-check-coded multihop underwater wireless optical communication systems over the generalized gamma distribution[J]. Optical Engineering, 2020, 59(1): 016114.
14
PADALA S K, D`SOUZA J. Performance of spatially coupled LDPC codes over the underwater wireless optical channel with strong turbulence and pointing errors[J]. IEEE Access, 2024, (13):60733.
15
YANG Yi, LIU Qian, LEI Jiayuan, et al. Research on the performance of the LDPC-OQPSK system used in underwater wireless optical communication[C]. 2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (ACP/POEM). IEEE, 2023: 1-5.
16
SHUKLA P, TRIPATHI R, PRAJAPATI Y K. Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity[J]. Optical Engineering, 2024, 63(3): 038102-038102.
17
LI Ang, WANG Ping, PANG Weina, et al. ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system[J]. Applied optics, 2020, 59(5): 1353-1362.
18
ALI M H, AL-RUBAYE G A. Performance evaluation of 5G new radio low-density parity check codes over different scenarios of lognormal fading channel[J]. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, 2024, 72(5): e150808.
19
FANG Chengwei, LI Shou, WANG Yinong, et al. Investigation of non-line-of-sight underwater optical wireless communications with wavy surface[J]. Optics Express, 2024, 32(4): 4799-4815.
20
WANG Jianying, YIN Hongxi, JI Xiuyang, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO-mQAM system with pointing errors and beam spreading in underwater málaga turbulence channel[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(3): 633.
21
SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, et al. Performance analysis of underwater vertical wireless optical communication system in the presence of weak turbulence, pointing errors and attenuation losses[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2023, 55(1): 1-22.
22
PANDEY P, AGRAWAL M. Performance analysis of high data rate underwater visible light communication system using avalanche photodiode[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2024, 56(4): 638.
23
SINGH M, SINGH M L, SINGH R, et al. Comprehensive experimental and statistical analysis of the effects of salinity gradient, temperature gradient, air bubbles on the performance of underwater wireless optical communication link[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2022, 69(17): 978-994.
24
SHETTY C S, NAIK R P, ACHARYA U S, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO-EGC system for the underwater vertical wireless optical communication link[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 99253-99267.
25
ZHU Shijie, CHEN Xinwei, LIU Xiaoyan, et al. Recent progress in and perspectives of underwater wireless optical communication[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 2020, 73: 100274.
26
XU Xinyun, LI Yueheng, HUANG Ping, et al. BER performance of UWOC with APD receiver in wide range oceanic turbulence[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10: 25203-25218.
27
JAMALI M V, SALEHI J A. On the BER of multiple-input multiple-output underwater wireless optical communication systems[C].2015 4th International Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW). IEEE, 2015: 26-30.
28
RAMAVATH P N, UDUPI S A, KRISHNAN P. Co-operative RF-UWOC link performance over hyperbolic tangent log-normal distribution channel with pointing errors[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 469: 125774.
29
WENG Yang, GUO Yujian, ALKHAZRAGI O, et al. Impact of turbulent-flow-induced scintillation on deep-ocean wireless optical communication[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(19): 5083-5090.
30
ZOU Zhengxing, WANG Ping, CHEN Wenwen, et al. Average capacity of a UWOC system with partially coherent Gaussian beams propagating in weak oceanic turbulence[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2019, 36(9): 1463-1474.
31
UPPALAPATI A, NAIK R P, KRISHNAN P. Analysis of M-QAM modulated underwater wireless optical communication system for reconfigurable UOWSNs employed in river meets ocean scenario[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(12): 15244-15252.
32
ZHOU Hui, ZHAO Hairu, ZHAO Shengping, et al. The research on a parallel and synchronous encoding and decoding method of multi-level LDPC[C]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, 2020, 1607(1): 012095.
33
MATHUR J P S, PABDEY A. FER performance analysis and optimization of diagonal structured based QC-LDPC codes with girth 12 using LU decomposition[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2020, 15: 1405-1412.
34
WANG Li, ZHOU Changzheng, REN Bingyin. An improved method of LDPC encoding in CMMB system[J].Modern Electronics Technique, 2016, 39(1): 72-75.
王莉, 周长征, 任丙印. 一种 CMMB 系统中 LDPC 编码改进方法[J]. 现代电子技术, 2016, 39(1): 72-75.
35
ZHANG Yan, YANG Fengfan, SONG Weijun. Performance analysis for cooperative communication system with QC‐LDPC codes constructed with integer sequences[J]. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2015, 2015(1): 649814.
36
PRABHAKAR A, NARAYANAN K. Pseudorandom construction of low-density parity-check codes using linear congruential sequences[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2002, 50(9): 1389-1396.
37
USATYUK V S. Low error floor QC-LDPC codes construction using modified cole's trapping sets enumerating[C]. 2023 25th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA). IEEE, 2023: 1-6.
38
XUE Jiaxin, LI Yupeng, ZHANG Yichao, et al. Investigation of IEEE 802.16 e LDPC code application in PM-DQPSK system[J]. Electronics, 2024, 13(10): 1887.
39
HU Junyang, JIANG Kangming. The improved LU-based decomposition algorithm for sparse matrix of LDPC code[J]. Frontiers in Computer Education, 2012: 867-874.
40
MAHDI A, PALIOURAS V. A low complexity-high throughput QC-LDPC encoder[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(10): 2696-2708.
41
CHEN Jinghu, DHOLAKIA A, ELEFTHERIOU E, et al. Reduced-complexity decoding of LDPC codes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2005, 53(8): 1288-1299.
42
ZHANG Jingni, YANG Yi, GAO Zhou, et al. Performance analysis of LDPC codes for wireless optical communication systems in different seawater environments[C]. 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018: 1-3.
43
MARLINA L, PAMUKTI B, LIAW S, et al. Improving free space optics performance using QC-LDPC codes and simplified bit flipping decoding in low visibility conditions[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2025, 57(1): 108.
44
ANDREWS L C, PHILLIPS R L. Laser beam propagation through random media[J]. Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media: Second Edition, 2005:157.
2026年第55卷第2期
PDF下载
127
57
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18
  • 录用日期:2025-09-17
基金
作者信息
    1长春理工大学 电子信息工程学院, 长春 130022
    2长春理工大学 光电工程学院, 长春 130022

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0206002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏