Article(id=1315743640249544830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0212003, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1763395200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineDate=1791627329169, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627329169, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627329169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627329169, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=29, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743640476037247, articleId=1315743640249544830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Design of High-precision Timing System for Detonation Point Measurement, columnId=1315741666489774715, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of modern weapon systems, high-precision measurement of explosion timing has become a key factor in evaluating weapon effectiveness and supporting tactical decision-making. To address the limitations of existing detonation timing measurement systems—such as inadequate accuracy, limited detection capability, and high cost,this paper presents the design of a high-precision explosion timing measurement system. The proposed system is capable of accurately capturing the instant of projectile detonation, providing a unified time reference for various test-range measurement and control instruments such as high-speed cameras and theodolites. It further supports the analysis of explosion parameters and damage assessment, enabling rapid localization of explosion timing points within large-scale datasets.

The system consists of five major components an optical signal acquisition and conversion circuit, an analog signal amplification module, a digital processing core, an analog-to-digital conversion subsystem, and a GPS timing unit. In the optical detection stage, a silicon photodiode BPW20 with a peak sensitivity at 920 nm is selected and paired with an AD825 transimpedance amplifier to perform photoelectric signal acquisition and initial amplification. This configuration offers low dark current and low noise voltage, ensuring stable operation under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions. To further enhance long-range detection capability, a condenser lens optimized using Zemax was incorporated into the optical structure, significantly improving the convergence of incident light. Experimental results show that the addition of the condenser lens increases detection capability by approximately ninefold.

To improve timing accuracy, the system adopts a GPS-disciplined local clock architecture, using the 1 PPS signal as the reference. Through hardware-software co-design, the system obtains and maintains synchronization with the GPS time base. An initial time offset of about 7 μs was observed; to eliminate this error, an All-digital Phase-locked Loop (ADPLL) structure was integrated. By employing phase detection and a PI adaptive regulation mechanism, the local clock is precisely aligned with the 1 PPS signal. Oscilloscope measurements after synchronization indicate that the residual timing error is less than 50 ns, thereby achieving high-precision timekeeping based on a standard crystal oscillator while effectively reducing system cost.

In indoor simulation experiments, the system successfully captured transient LED emissions within a range of 5~30 m, verifying its sensitivity and timing accuracy. In outdoor field tests, the system effectively detected the flash produced by firecracker explosions at distances beyond 100 m and accurately recorded the time corresponding to the optical intensity peak. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system provides precise, real-time, and reliable detection of explosion light and timing, meeting the requirements of modern test-range applications and showing broad engineering potential.

Future research will focus on system miniaturization and low-power design to enable deployment on mobile platforms such as UAVs, thereby extending its applicability within modern test-range systems.

, authors=Wenda SHAO, Yaowen LV, Huidong GUO, Fangyu SUN, Shubin HUA, Zhaolong HE, authorsList=Wenda SHAO, Yaowen LV, Huidong GUO, Fangyu SUN, Shubin HUA, Zhaolong HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaowen LV, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743645022662816, articleId=1315743640249544830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=高精度炸点时间测量系统设计, columnId=1315741666716267133, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=仪器,测量,度量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对现有炸点时间测量系统存在的测量精度低、探测能力弱和成本高等问题,设计了一套高精度炸点时间测量系统。该系统选用峰值波长920 nm硅光电二极管BPW20和低噪声AD825跨阻放大器完成光电信号的采集,同时在系统的光学设计中引入聚光镜,增强光线聚焦能力,理论与实验结果表明系统探测能力提升了9倍。为提升系统的时间测量精度驯服本地时钟,基于全数字锁相环(All-digital Phase-Locked Loop ADPLL)算法,通过相位检测和PI自适应调整,将本地时钟对齐1 PPS,误差控制在50 ns以内,实现了普通晶振高精度守时,降低系统设计成本。室内LED实验和室外鞭炮爆炸实验,验证了本系统能够实现对炸点时刻的高精度测量。

, authors=邵文达, 吕耀文, 郭慧东, 孙方宇, 华术彬, 何兆龙, authorsList=邵文达, 吕耀文, 郭慧东, 孙方宇, 华术彬, 何兆龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吕耀文, authorNote=

邵文达,

, correspAuthorsNote=
吕耀文,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3TEC1BfNrs7W8LZu01eGFQ==, magXml=7BC0Zs02GUoQf7hI0vcbHg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3mld/HjfP5Y8n+WRp5OXQg==, pdfFileSize=4290592, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VVCavvRXJY7GCTugOlmjbA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qXaxFTEAFdszb44BSKWIpQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1315743645349818533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=swd1218h@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645429510311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645349818533, language=EN, stringName=Wenda SHAO, firstName=Wenda, middleName=null, lastName=SHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645530173608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645349818533, language=CN, stringName=邵文达, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio={"content":"

邵文达,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邵文达,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743645588893866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lvyaowen2005@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645672779948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645588893866, language=EN, stringName=Yaowen LV, firstName=Yaowen, middleName=null, lastName=LV, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645744083117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645588893866, language=CN, stringName=吕耀文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743645823774895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645907660977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645823774895, language=EN, stringName=Huidong GUO, firstName=Huidong, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646008324274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645823774895, language=CN, stringName=郭慧东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646092210356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646171902134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646092210356, language=EN, stringName=Fangyu SUN, firstName=Fangyu, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646259982519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646092210356, language=CN, stringName=孙方宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646327091385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646398394555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646327091385, language=EN, stringName=Shubin HUA, firstName=Shubin, middleName=null, lastName=HUA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646473892028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646327091385, language=CN, stringName=华术彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646553583806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646637469888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646553583806, language=EN, stringName=Zhaolong HE, firstName=Zhaolong, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646729744577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646553583806, language=CN, stringName=何兆龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1315743646872350914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Time measurement), Keyword(id=1315743646960431299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Photoelectric detection), Keyword(id=1315743647035928772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Burst point), Keyword(id=1315743647103037637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Timekeeping), Keyword(id=1315743647212089542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=ADPLL), Keyword(id=1315743648835285191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=时间测量), Keyword(id=1315743648910782664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=光电探测), Keyword(id=1315743648994668745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=炸点), Keyword(id=1315743649057583306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=守时), Keyword(id=1315743649124692171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=全数字锁相环)], refs=[Reference(id=1315743653759398128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=WANG Xueqian, JianbingMEN, ZHOU Xin, journalName=Journal of System Simulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xueqian, JianbingMEN, ZHOU Xin, et al. Unreal engine-based system for precision damage evaluation of fragmentation warheads against quadrupedal robots [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025,9:1-11., articleTitle=Unreal engine-based system for precision damage evaluation of fragmentation warheads against quadrupedal robots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743653834895601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=王雪倩, 门建兵, 周鑫, journalName=系统仿真学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雪倩,门建兵,周鑫,等. 基于Unreal Engine的杀爆战斗部对四足机器人的精准毁伤评估方法与系统实现[J].系统仿真学报,2025,9:1-11., articleTitle=基于Unreal Engine的杀爆战斗部对四足机器人的精准毁伤评估方法与系统实现, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743653906198770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=988, pageEnd=992, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=BingtingCHA, ZHANG He, ZHANG Xiangjin, journalName=Acta Photonica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BingtingCHA, ZHANG He,ZHANG Xiangjin,et al. Design of a device for remote real-time monitoring of burst point time [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2013,42(8):988-992.., articleTitle=Design of a device for remote real-time monitoring of burst point time, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654002667763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=988, pageEnd=992, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=查冰婷, 张合, 张祥金, journalName=光子学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=查冰婷,张合,张祥金,等.远距离实时监测炸点时间测量装置设计[J].光子学报,2013,42(8):988-992. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20134208.0988, articleTitle=远距离实时监测炸点时间测量装置设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654082359540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=7, issue=9, pageStart=3318, pageEnd=3322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=K-LNOH, SERPEDIN E, QARAQE K, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=K-LNOH, SERPEDIN E, QARAQE K, et al. A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: Pairwise broadcast synchronization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2008,7(9):3318-3322., articleTitle=A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: Pairwise broadcast synchronization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654149468405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=2091, pageEnd=2100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=GUO Hao, CROSSLEY P, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Hao, CROSSLEY P. Design of a time synchronization system based on GPS and IEEE 1588 for transmission substations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 32(4): 2091-2100., articleTitle=Design of a time synchronization system based on GPS and IEEE 1588 for transmission substations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654220771574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=19, issue=12, pageStart=3915, pageEnd=3924, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=HASAN K F, FENG Yanming, TIAN Yuchu, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HASAN K F, FENG Yanming, TIAN Yuchu. GNSS time synchronization in vehicular ad-hoc networks: Benefits and feasibility[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018, 19(12): 3915-3924., articleTitle=GNSS time synchronization in vehicular ad-hoc networks: Benefits and feasibility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654300463351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=15, pageStart=1513008, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=7, authorNames=LIU Zhipeng, LIU Zi, CHENG Buwen, journalName=Acta Optica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Zhipeng, LIU Zi, CHENG Buwen. Research advances of high speed photodetectors [J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(15): 1513008., articleTitle=Research advances of high speed photodetectors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654388543736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=15, pageStart=1513008, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=刘志鹏, 刘智, 成步文, journalName=光学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘志鹏,刘智,成步文. 高速光电探测器的研究进展[J].光学学报, 2024, 44(15): 1513008. DOI: 10.3788/aos240939, articleTitle=高速光电探测器的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654451458297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=86, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=AKIBA M, journalName=Review of Scientific Instruments, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKIBA M. Low-noise and high-speed photodetection system using optical feedback with a current amplification function[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2015, 86(9):094705., articleTitle=Low-noise and high-speed photodetection system using optical feedback with a current amplification function, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654535344378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=10, authorNames=YANG Ziyu, CHEN Ding, SHENG Linnan, journalName=Acta Photonica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Ziyu,CHEN Ding,SHENG Linnan. Measurement of key terminal ballistic parameters of small armsbased on sparse distribution optoelectronic detection array [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2024,53(7): 0753309., articleTitle=Measurement of key terminal ballistic parameters of small armsbased on sparse distribution optoelectronic detection array, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654615036155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=杨子钰, 陈丁, 沈岭南, journalName=光子学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨子钰,陈丁,沈岭南. 基于稀疏光电探测阵列的轻武器终点弹道关键参数测量[J]. 光子学报, 2024,53(7): 0753309. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20245307.0753309, articleTitle=基于稀疏光电探测阵列的轻武器终点弹道关键参数测量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654690533628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=6911, pageEnd=5151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=PRAJAPAT P, VASHISHTHA P, SINGH K D, journalName=Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRAJAPAT P ,VASHISHTHA P ,SINGH K D,et al.Facile synthesized Sb2S3 based high-performance visible photodetector for weak optical signal detection[J].Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical,2024,3:6911-5151., articleTitle=Facile synthesized Sb2S3 based high-performance visible photodetector for weak optical signal detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654749253885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=164, issue=null, pageStart=107530, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=WANG F, TIAN H, GAO Y, journalName=Optics and Lasers in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG F, TIAN H, GAO Y, et al. Limit detection sensitivity analysis and maximum detection height prediction for the photoelectric detection target[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2023, 164: 107530., articleTitle=Limit detection sensitivity analysis and maximum detection height prediction for the photoelectric detection target, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654824751358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=14, authorNames=HAN Li, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Li. Research on high-precision dynamic detection and storage method of explosive light intensity[D]. Suozhou: Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2018., articleTitle=Research on high-precision dynamic detection and storage method of explosive light intensity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654887665919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=15, authorNames=韩力, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩力.高精度爆炸光强动态检测与存储方法研究[D]. 苏州:苏州科技大学,2018., articleTitle=高精度爆炸光强动态检测与存储方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743654979940608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=64, issue=6, pageStart=517, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=16, authorNames=SREERAMAMURTHY V, DUTTA S, PADHY S, journalName=Defence Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SREERAMAMURTHY V, DUTTA S, PADHY S, et al.Determining point of burst of artillery shells using acoustic source localisation[J].Defence Science Journal,2014,64(6):517-523., articleTitle=Determining point of burst of artillery shells using acoustic source localisation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655063826689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=22, pageStart=21600, pageEnd=21612, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=17, authorNames=LI HanShan, ZHANG Xiaoqian, GAO Junchai, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI HanShan, ZHANG Xiaoqian, GAO Junchai. A design method of active photoelectric detection sensor based on 1-d multiunit p-i-n detector and its detection model[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022, 22(22): 21600-21612., articleTitle=A design method of active photoelectric detection sensor based on 1-d multiunit p-i-n detector and its detection model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655130935554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=860, pageEnd=863, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHA Bingting, ZHANG He, ZHANG Xingjin, journalName=Advanced Materials Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHA Bingting ,ZHANG He , ZHANG Xingjin. System for measuring the burst point time base on APD[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 860-863., articleTitle=System for measuring the burst point time base on APD, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655219015939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=891, pageEnd=897, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=19, authorNames=HUANG Zhanhuan, ZHANG Guang, CAO Yusheng, journalName=Applied Optics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Zhanhuan,ZHANG Guang, CAO Yusheng, et al. Simulation research on instantaneous position measurement of explosion point of general industrial camera[J]. Applied Optics, 2021, 42(5): 891-897., articleTitle=Simulation research on instantaneous position measurement of explosion point of general industrial camera, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655294513412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=891, pageEnd=897, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=20, authorNames=黄战华, 张光, 曹雨生, journalName=应用光学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄战华,张光,曹雨生,等. 通用工业相机的炸点瞬时位置测量模拟研究[J].应用光学,2021, 42(5): 891-897. DOI: 10.5768/JAO202142.0503003, articleTitle=通用工业相机的炸点瞬时位置测量模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655365816581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=8, pageStart=2453, pageEnd=2464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=21, authorNames=ZHOU Yu, CAO Ronggang, LI Ping, journalName=Acta Armamentarii, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Yu, CAO Ronggang, LI Ping, et al. A method for fuze detonation point detection in field test images[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 46(8): 2453-2464., articleTitle=A method for fuze detonation point detection in field test images, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655441314054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=2453, pageEnd=2464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=22, authorNames=周宇, 曹荣刚, 栗苹, journalName=兵工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周宇,曹荣刚,栗苹,等.一种用于外场试验图像的引信炸点检测方法[J]. 兵工学报,2023,44(8):2453-2464., articleTitle=一种用于外场试验图像的引信炸点检测方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655525200135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=65, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZOU Yue, Zhang Weida, CUI Ming, journalName=Instrument Technique and Sensor, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU Yue, Zhang Weida, CUI Ming,et al. Design of a time synchronization system based on domestic FPGA[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 2023, (2): 65-68., articleTitle=Design of a time synchronization system based on domestic FPGA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655617474824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=65, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=24, authorNames=邹悦, 张维达, 崔明, journalName=仪表技术与传感器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹悦,张维达,崔明,等. 基于国产化FPGA的时统系统设计[J]. 仪表技术与传感器,2023,(2):65-68., articleTitle=基于国产化FPGA的时统系统设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655688777993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=65, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=25, authorNames=LIU Baifeng, journalName=Ship Electronic Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Baifeng. A synchronous time-service algorithm for time-unification modules[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2020, (4): 65-68., articleTitle=A synchronous time-service algorithm for time-unification modules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655760081162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=44, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=26, authorNames=刘百峰, journalName=舰船电子工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘百峰. 一种时间统一模块同步授时算法[J].舰船电子工程,2020,40(4):44-47., articleTitle=一种时间统一模块同步授时算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315743655831384331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=9, pageStart=3135, pageEnd=3135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=27, authorNames=BUI T Q, ELANGO A, LANDRY R J., journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUI T Q, ELANGO A, LANDRY R J.. FPGA-based autonomous GPS-disciplined oscillatorsfor wireless sensor network nodes [J]. Sensors, 2022, 22(9): 3135-3135., articleTitle=FPGA-based autonomous GPS-disciplined oscillatorsfor wireless sensor network nodes, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743649250521292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=System hardware block diagram, figureFileSmall=WLFSFyYqURAvVqPd4/vo+A==, figureFileBig=VVCavvRXJY7GCTugOlmjbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649334407373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图1, caption=系统硬件框图, figureFileSmall=WLFSFyYqURAvVqPd4/vo+A==, figureFileBig=VVCavvRXJY7GCTugOlmjbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649573482702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Solar spectral diagram, figureFileSmall=fQL+Ms9qsh06wIwlflXJFQ==, figureFileBig=ULhoNw5Q2H/pkEjrQkdXog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649640591567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图2, caption=太阳光谱图, figureFileSmall=fQL+Ms9qsh06wIwlflXJFQ==, figureFileBig=ULhoNw5Q2H/pkEjrQkdXog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649699311824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Optical path structure, figureFileSmall=qwkuUfnMBtJKuusBQFqT+w==, figureFileBig=ume00LpUC0vay+kFmTagnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649770614993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图3, caption=光路结构, figureFileSmall=qwkuUfnMBtJKuusBQFqT+w==, figureFileBig=ume00LpUC0vay+kFmTagnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649858695378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=GPS taming local clock, figureFileSmall=iVzmlWzPKqqWxNxOEklVJw==, figureFileBig=1rSW0URIMOX4qonkQgxQFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743649946775763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GPS驯服本地时钟, figureFileSmall=iVzmlWzPKqqWxNxOEklVJw==, figureFileBig=1rSW0URIMOX4qonkQgxQFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650030661844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=GPS message parsing result, figureFileSmall=wawfRVG05F39UIFY88oqaA==, figureFileBig=Gr5sZpMfBzkmYQ4P/0l7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650101965013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GPS报文解析结果, figureFileSmall=wawfRVG05F39UIFY88oqaA==, figureFileBig=Gr5sZpMfBzkmYQ4P/0l7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650173268182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Local time leading by 1 PPS, figureFileSmall=Ri3+yKbBXXlMBu/vksqDBQ==, figureFileBig=2mJGsZltg/QiyfLptvfbQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650261348567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图6, caption=本地时间超前1 PPS, figureFileSmall=Ri3+yKbBXXlMBu/vksqDBQ==, figureFileBig=2mJGsZltg/QiyfLptvfbQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650332651736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Error correction architecture diagram, figureFileSmall=2snRNeq24aantw7pi0LPxA==, figureFileBig=8Sdjcs8R9BWjBF6XF4txng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650416537817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图7, caption=误差修正结构图, figureFileSmall=2snRNeq24aantw7pi0LPxA==, figureFileBig=8Sdjcs8R9BWjBF6XF4txng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650500423898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Analysis of local time error, figureFileSmall=x9gNOaSI+jGv525qi2LK0g==, figureFileBig=5RhqVO49QG+shS1Ch+v4AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650567532763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图8, caption=本地时间误差, figureFileSmall=x9gNOaSI+jGv525qi2LK0g==, figureFileBig=5RhqVO49QG+shS1Ch+v4AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650638835932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Local time aligned 1 PPS rising edge, figureFileSmall=4b73RuEWRpHjYBASUYNgBQ==, figureFileBig=oeCdsw9yOF6GIxvyNlJJDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650697556189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图9, caption=本地时间对齐1 PPS上升沿, figureFileSmall=4b73RuEWRpHjYBASUYNgBQ==, figureFileBig=oeCdsw9yOF6GIxvyNlJJDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650781442270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Performance comparison with and without a concentrator lens, figureFileSmall=qwQlutB6OUW2BXS5kzeDFg==, figureFileBig=tEBBdX/AQ+KiM/Qvgq5JeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650848551135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图10, caption=聚光镜提升效果对比, figureFileSmall=qwQlutB6OUW2BXS5kzeDFg==, figureFileBig=tEBBdX/AQ+KiM/Qvgq5JeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650919854304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Before error correction, figureFileSmall=k/6VTZ9i1lMxlGKPy1DIFQ==, figureFileBig=fvu94tBOGP8AZxBD5Wmqjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743650982768865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图11, caption=误差未修正前, figureFileSmall=k/6VTZ9i1lMxlGKPy1DIFQ==, figureFileBig=fvu94tBOGP8AZxBD5Wmqjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651075043554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=After error correction, figureFileSmall=litUzXq5bnMh5nOXq6Zn2g==, figureFileBig=DUCnPqkVe/EUFEdAtcDtkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651146346723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图12, caption=误差修正后, figureFileSmall=litUzXq5bnMh5nOXq6Zn2g==, figureFileBig=DUCnPqkVe/EUFEdAtcDtkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651213455588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Simulated explosion peak time, figureFileSmall=fot0yPq2IWQp3XjFTozDcQ==, figureFileBig=sBCAZeXbUD0AZEKoNXr64Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651297341669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图13, caption=模拟爆炸尖峰时间, figureFileSmall=fot0yPq2IWQp3XjFTozDcQ==, figureFileBig=sBCAZeXbUD0AZEKoNXr64Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651372839142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Comparison of theoretical and test values in indoor testing, figureFileSmall=dQzDIVPptDR3xJoLC6n8rg==, figureFileBig=nuaUq2pEt5fHhIxCItyjgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651452530919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图14, caption=室内测试理论值与测试值对比, figureFileSmall=dQzDIVPptDR3xJoLC6n8rg==, figureFileBig=nuaUq2pEt5fHhIxCItyjgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651528028392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Experimental setup, figureFileSmall=UpFE4WDio49KsofWmh0g+w==, figureFileBig=5ZmLOC78nrmJ9Cd12GvqDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651599331561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图15, caption=实验装置, figureFileSmall=UpFE4WDio49KsofWmh0g+w==, figureFileBig=5ZmLOC78nrmJ9Cd12GvqDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743651704189162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Test results of outdoor experiment, figureFileSmall=EuUr5JSYSpPvt8DmWsoqnA==, figureFileBig=8vXRd4er63LC4TL5jCa6zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743653327384811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=图16, caption=室外试验测试结果, figureFileSmall=EuUr5JSYSpPvt8DmWsoqnA==, figureFileBig=8vXRd4er63LC4TL5jCa6zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743653415465196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

BPW20 parameter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Active8.3mm2
Detector resistance Rdet738 kΩ
Dark current Idark230nA
Noise current Inoise11.32.5pA/Hz
Responsivityr0.6A/W
Rise time tr3.4 μs
Reverse light current Ira2060 μA
), ArticleFig(id=1315743653499351277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BPW20参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterSymbolMinTypMaxUnit
Active8.3mm2
Detector resistance Rdet738 kΩ
Dark current Idark230nA
Noise current Inoise11.32.5pA/Hz
Responsivityr0.6A/W
Rise time tr3.4 μs
Reverse light current Ira2060 μA
), ArticleFig(id=1315743653570654446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

AD825 parameter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterMinTypMaxUnit
Input bias current1540pA
Common mode rejectin7180dB
Input voltage noise1230 nV/Hz
Input current noise10 fA/Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1315743653654540527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

AD825参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterMinTypMaxUnit
Input bias current1540pA
Common mode rejectin7180dB
Input voltage noise1230 nV/Hz
Input current noise10 fA/Hz
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, picEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316477625225298568, language=CN, name=光子学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324825, updatedTime=1791802324825, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316477625288213129, language=EN, name=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324840, updatedTime=1791802324840, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1315121910733963395, websiteList=[Website(id=1315346106637210224, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791532549771, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533256542, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光子学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349214071210463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533290641, updateTime=1791533290641, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213987324380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533290621, updateTime=1791533290621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214134125026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290656, updateTime=1791533290656, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213966352859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533290616, updateTime=1791533290616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214171873764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290665, updateTime=1791533290665, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214054433247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791533290637, updateTime=1791533290637, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214155096547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290661, updateTime=1791533290661, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214020878813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791533290629, updateTime=1791533290629, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214083793376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533290644, updateTime=1791533290644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214104764897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533290649, updateTime=1791533290649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1315346107014697606, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791532549861, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533251338, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Photonica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349179224932817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533282333, updateTime=1791533282333, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179187184078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533282324, updateTime=1791533282324, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179271070164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282344, updateTime=1791533282344, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179162018253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533282318, updateTime=1791533282318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179292041686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282349, updateTime=1791533282349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179208155600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791533282329, updateTime=1791533282329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179279458773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282346, updateTime=1791533282346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179199766991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791533282327, updateTime=1791533282327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179233321426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533282335, updateTime=1791533282335, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179258487251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533282341, updateTime=1791533282341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光子学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.photon.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPhotoEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1771948800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
高精度炸点时间测量系统设计
收藏切换
PDF下载
邵文达 , 吕耀文 , 郭慧东 , 孙方宇 , 华术彬 , 何兆龙
光子学报 | 仪器,测量,度量学 2026,55(2): 29-40
收起
收藏切换
光子学报 |仪器,测量,度量学 2026 , 55 (2) : 29 -40
高精度炸点时间测量系统设计
全屏
[Author(id=1315743645349818533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=swd1218h@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645429510311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645349818533, language=EN, stringName=Wenda SHAO, firstName=Wenda, middleName=null, lastName=SHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645530173608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645349818533, language=CN, stringName=邵文达, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio={"content":"

邵文达,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邵文达,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743645588893866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lvyaowen2005@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645672779948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645588893866, language=EN, stringName=Yaowen LV, firstName=Yaowen, middleName=null, lastName=LV, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645744083117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645588893866, language=CN, stringName=吕耀文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743645823774895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743645907660977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645823774895, language=EN, stringName=Huidong GUO, firstName=Huidong, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646008324274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743645823774895, language=CN, stringName=郭慧东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646092210356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646171902134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646092210356, language=EN, stringName=Fangyu SUN, firstName=Fangyu, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646259982519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646092210356, language=CN, stringName=孙方宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646327091385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646398394555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646327091385, language=EN, stringName=Shubin HUA, firstName=Shubin, middleName=null, lastName=HUA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646473892028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646327091385, language=CN, stringName=华术彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])]), Author(id=1315743646553583806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646637469888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646553583806, language=EN, stringName=Zhaolong HE, firstName=Zhaolong, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743646729744577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, authorId=1315743646553583806, language=CN, stringName=何兆龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743645249155233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645257543842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743645261738147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743640249544830, companyId=1315743645249155233, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013)])])]
邵文达 , 吕耀文 , 郭慧东, 孙方宇, 华术彬, 何兆龙
作者信息
  • 1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013
通讯作者:
作者简介:

邵文达,

Design of High-precision Timing System for Detonation Point Measurement
Wenda SHAO , Yaowen LV , Huidong GUO, Fangyu SUN, Shubin HUA, Zhaolong HE
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transmission Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Electro-Optical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013, China,
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003
文章导航
收藏切换

针对现有炸点时间测量系统存在的测量精度低、探测能力弱和成本高等问题,设计了一套高精度炸点时间测量系统。该系统选用峰值波长920 nm硅光电二极管BPW20和低噪声AD825跨阻放大器完成光电信号的采集,同时在系统的光学设计中引入聚光镜,增强光线聚焦能力,理论与实验结果表明系统探测能力提升了9倍。为提升系统的时间测量精度驯服本地时钟,基于全数字锁相环(All-digital Phase-Locked Loop ADPLL)算法,通过相位检测和PI自适应调整,将本地时钟对齐1 PPS,误差控制在50 ns以内,实现了普通晶振高精度守时,降低系统设计成本。室内LED实验和室外鞭炮爆炸实验,验证了本系统能够实现对炸点时刻的高精度测量。

时间测量  /  光电探测  /  炸点  /  守时  /  全数字锁相环

With the rapid development of modern weapon systems, high-precision measurement of explosion timing has become a key factor in evaluating weapon effectiveness and supporting tactical decision-making. To address the limitations of existing detonation timing measurement systems—such as inadequate accuracy, limited detection capability, and high cost,this paper presents the design of a high-precision explosion timing measurement system. The proposed system is capable of accurately capturing the instant of projectile detonation, providing a unified time reference for various test-range measurement and control instruments such as high-speed cameras and theodolites. It further supports the analysis of explosion parameters and damage assessment, enabling rapid localization of explosion timing points within large-scale datasets.

The system consists of five major components an optical signal acquisition and conversion circuit, an analog signal amplification module, a digital processing core, an analog-to-digital conversion subsystem, and a GPS timing unit. In the optical detection stage, a silicon photodiode BPW20 with a peak sensitivity at 920 nm is selected and paired with an AD825 transimpedance amplifier to perform photoelectric signal acquisition and initial amplification. This configuration offers low dark current and low noise voltage, ensuring stable operation under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions. To further enhance long-range detection capability, a condenser lens optimized using Zemax was incorporated into the optical structure, significantly improving the convergence of incident light. Experimental results show that the addition of the condenser lens increases detection capability by approximately ninefold.

To improve timing accuracy, the system adopts a GPS-disciplined local clock architecture, using the 1 PPS signal as the reference. Through hardware-software co-design, the system obtains and maintains synchronization with the GPS time base. An initial time offset of about 7 μs was observed; to eliminate this error, an All-digital Phase-locked Loop (ADPLL) structure was integrated. By employing phase detection and a PI adaptive regulation mechanism, the local clock is precisely aligned with the 1 PPS signal. Oscilloscope measurements after synchronization indicate that the residual timing error is less than 50 ns, thereby achieving high-precision timekeeping based on a standard crystal oscillator while effectively reducing system cost.

In indoor simulation experiments, the system successfully captured transient LED emissions within a range of 5~30 m, verifying its sensitivity and timing accuracy. In outdoor field tests, the system effectively detected the flash produced by firecracker explosions at distances beyond 100 m and accurately recorded the time corresponding to the optical intensity peak. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system provides precise, real-time, and reliable detection of explosion light and timing, meeting the requirements of modern test-range applications and showing broad engineering potential.

Future research will focus on system miniaturization and low-power design to enable deployment on mobile platforms such as UAVs, thereby extending its applicability within modern test-range systems.

Time measurement  /  Photoelectric detection  /  Burst point  /  Timekeeping  /  ADPLL
邵文达, 吕耀文, 郭慧东, 孙方宇, 华术彬, 何兆龙. 高精度炸点时间测量系统设计. 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (2) : 29 -40 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003
Wenda SHAO, Yaowen LV, Huidong GUO, Fangyu SUN, Shubin HUA, Zhaolong HE. Design of High-precision Timing System for Detonation Point Measurement[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (2) : 29 -40 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003
近年来,国防科技的快速发展驱动武器系统研发进入快车道时代。新型武器的不断涌现,对其毁伤效能与性能指标的测试评估提出了更高精度的要求。其中,炸点测量[1-2]与炸点时刻检测已成为实现精准评估的关键技术参数。精确测量弹体炸点时间,为靶场多设备测量(如高速摄像机、经纬仪等)提供时统,确保数据同步采集;通过分析弹体爆炸参数,获得准确的爆炸时间点,在大量数据中快速定位爆炸发生位置,为毁伤效果评估提供关键依据。在实际应用中,一方面炸点光信号易受背景干扰的影响,难以实现精确识别。另一方面需要高精度时统[3-5],为靶场设备数据快速分析做支撑。目前,光电测量法[6-8],凭借其高灵敏度、抗干扰能力强、宽动态范围等在靶场炸点时间测量在靶场炸点时间测量应用最为广泛。
靶场炸点检测设备一般分为探测部分与时统部分,国内外学者围绕提升靶场检测性能和时统精度展开了多方面的研究。在探测部分,PRAJAPAT P等[9]介绍了一款用于光电检测的光电二极管的相关指标,从不同的材料响应度介绍了选型的问题。WANG F等[10]给出了光电检测中两个关键指标极限检测灵敏度和最大检测距离的计算方法,并指出了靶场检测中光电二极管面对复杂背景下的检测难点。为应对复杂背景下的检测难题,韩力[11]提出了基于雪崩二极管(Avalanche Photodiode, APD)的背景自适应爆炸光采集。通过利用爆炸闪光与背景光在频率上的差异,实现对背景光干扰的滤除。SREERAMAMURTHY V等[12]提出了通过声学传感器阵列确定炮弹的爆炸点的检测方法。文献[11]和文献[12]在靶场光电测量提出了不同的方案但应用在炸点时刻测量上,声学检测弹丸爆炸面对复杂环境易出现检测误判漏判的情况。背景自适应方法积分器电路对缓慢变化的直流成分有良好抑制作用,对慢信号有更大的优势,但爆炸闪光通常持续时间极短。LI Hanshan等[13]提出了天幕为背景的弹丸检测方法,降低了环境背景对检测带来的影响,但应用于靶场炸点时间检测时,存在探测空间覆盖不足及易受爆炸强光干扰等问题。ZHA Bingting等[14]通过采用APD作为探测器并配合放大电路,使得系统对微弱光信号的探测灵敏度有所提高,然而该设计中的APD存在明显的温度敏感性,其增益易发生温漂,且系统的时间同步精度仅为毫秒量级,这些因素共同制约了其最终性能。黄战华等[15]利用双目相机对炸点位置进行了模拟研究,周宇等[16]提出了基于深度学习的引信炸点识别方法。图像处理的检测方法有效避免了不同环境下的背景干扰,同时兼顾了远距离测量的优点,但是相机拍摄数据量巨大,给后期的图像分析带来了很大的工作量,需要配合光电检测有效触发和高精度时统定位有效信息位置。靶场时统部分,邹悦等[17]基于国产化FPGA的时统设计具有多频可选、多输入源的优点。由于仅是硬件层面的设计,精度仅有毫秒级且不具备不同温度下自适应修正的能力。刘百峰[18]通过GPS的秒脉冲信号触发定时器输入捕获,测量时延误差,并依据预设的非线性修正公式对定时器计数器进行快速调整,实现发射脉冲前沿与标准秒脉冲的误差小于5 µs。但同步精度完全取决于恒温晶振的长期稳定性,存在累积误差风险,无法实时跟踪时钟漂移。
以上研究对于靶场测试虽然有很大的改进,但依然存在缺陷。首先是时统在靶场的应用上,在不同的环境温度晶体振荡器由于老化和温度而产生非线性漂移,导致本地时间误差控制较大。爆炸观测具有距离远的特点,光线聚焦能力弱探测距离受限。针对上述不足,本文设计爆炸光检测系统采用GPS授时方式提高稳定性和精确性,时统自适应保证在不同温度下本地时间的稳定性误差在50 ns以内。在光学系统设计中聚光镜优化使能量更集中,提升远距离探测能力。
弹体爆炸过程产生的瞬态光辐射信号可通过高灵敏度硅光电传感器进行捕获,基于光脉冲波峰变化特征可实现炸点时间的精确测量。该检测装置由光信号感知单元、模拟信号放大电路、数字处理核心、模数转换系统,以及GPS时统构成,系统整体架构如图1所示。当爆炸发生时,光学探测组件通过窄带滤光片抑制环境杂散光干扰,经非球面聚光透镜组将瞬态光通量高效汇聚至光电转换器件靶面,产生光生电流。采用高速运算放大器AD825构建的前置处理电路对微电流信号实施跨阻放大与流压转换,配合RC有源滤波网络实现高低频噪声抑制。经16位ADC量化后的数字信号由可编程逻辑器件进行缓存管理,并通过异步FIFO实现数据存储。数字信号处理单元采用数字滤波器组完成频域噪声抑制,结合自适应阈值比较算法实现脉冲波峰的精确定位。GPS驯服本地时钟为弹炸时刻提供精确的时间,最终通过UDP协议封装实现检测数据的高速网络化传输。
爆炸光辐射呈现瞬态高强度特征,爆炸反应瞬时温度可达2 800~5 000 K,其光谱特性覆盖0.5~1.5 μm近红外区域。
太阳光谱辐射照度分布如图2所示,自然光辐射能谱主要集中于0.4 ~0.8 μm可见光区域。经光谱匹配分析表明,光电二极管的选型光谱范围应重点捕捉近红外波段的特征辐射信号,通过构建光谱差异化检测通道实现环境干扰抑制。爆炸光响应时间短,一般为微秒级。要求探测器需具备微秒级瞬态响应特性和抗光饱和性能。综合参数优化后选定BPW20型硅基光电探测器,响应时间微秒级满足瞬态信号捕获需求,且具有低噪声,较小的暗电流,确保系统具备高信噪比检测能力。其性能参数与爆炸光检测需求高度契合,具体参数如表1。
响应覆盖范围为320~1 100 nm,峰值响应波长为920 nm与弹炸光谱特征匹配。BPW20具有微秒级响应可精准捕捉瞬时变化,避免信号延迟失真。低噪声特性可有效提取弱光信号,尤其适用于烟雾遮挡或远距离探测场景。
测试中距离越远接收到的光信号通常较为微弱,需配合外部信号处理电路进行放大,其中运算放大器芯片的选型尤为关键。系统在设计信号放大电路时选用了AD825跨阻放大器,该器件具有高精度、高共模抑制比和高增益等优点,其关键性能参数如表2所示。利用选定低噪声芯片、低转换损耗混频器及滤波器隔离噪声。在具体放大电路设计中,设置反馈电阻R阻值为1 M,带宽B为1.5 MHz。
爆炸产生的光主要集中在特定的近红外波段,而自然光的波长范围更为宽广,测试环境中的光线较为复杂。如图2,为有效抑制自然光干扰,系统选用了透射带为725~2 000 nm、截止带为450~665 nm、透射率为80%的滤光镜,直径为12.5 mm。该滤光镜能够滤除太阳光中强度较高的可见光成分,仅保留爆炸光的特征波长,从而显著降低误报率,提高检测灵敏度。
爆炸光具有距离越远强度越弱的特性,因此靶场测试需具备增强弱信号感知能力。滤光镜本身无法增强系统的远程探测能力,设计中引入了具备聚焦功能的光学镜头。硅光电二极管的高度为10 mm,配合直径为12 mm的滤光镜使用。在光学系统中根据系统设计要求,确保100 m距离水平视场范围达到20 m的要求。根据距离与视场范围计算可知系统的视场角应不低于12°,如图3所示, H为硅光电二极管上成像范围,镜头f为焦距。根据视场角、焦距、像高之间的关系得出光学系统的焦距为20.3 mm。通过Zemax仿真优化设计,聚光镜中心厚度为3 mm光路结构如图3所示,使爆炸光能更精准地聚焦于光敏面上,有效延伸探测距离。镜头材质选择为易于在近红外可见光有优良透过率的H-K9L玻璃材质,为减少镜头表面的反射损失,在其表面镀制了增透膜。经过镀膜处理后,镜头在目标波段的透射率提升至90%,从而最大限度地保留了入射光信号的能量。
在复杂环境中实现远距离信号采集是本系统设计的重点之一。针对上述关键器件的选型,其最大探测能力成为设计的核心。根据所选电子元件的暗电流、电压噪声、散粒噪声和热噪声,综合计算得到系统的总噪声水平。依据经验信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR)需满足SNR>10的检测阈值,以确保信号功率至少为噪声功率的10倍,从而有效降低误报概率。由于系统调试阶段无法全程使用炸药作为光源,为验证其检测可靠性,采用功率为5 W、波长为920 nm的LED进行模拟实验,利用其瞬时亮灭模拟爆炸产生的强光脉冲。考虑到LED光源发光存在非对称性,为计算滤光镜表面接收到的光功率,采用朗伯余弦分布模型,将复杂的空间发光特性简化为与角度相关的函数。接收到的光功率可表示为
P=∫λ∫θ∫ϕPsource(λ)⋅L(θ,ϕ)⋅ηoptics(λ)⋅Alens⋅e-α(λ)R4πr2⋅cosθdϕdθdλ
式中,Psource(λ)为光源光谱功率密度(W/nm),L(θ,ϕ)为光源方向性辐射分布函数,ηoptics(λ)光学系统总效率,Alens聚光镜有效面积,r为探测距离。在实际工程中,简化以平衡精度与计算效率。接收功率可直接通过轴向辐射强度I(θ)与立体角Ω的乘积计算,基于简化朗伯模型估算接收光功率为
P=I(θ)⋅Ω⋅T1⋅T2
式中,立体角Ω表示聚光镜在光源处张开的有效接收范围,决定了有多少比例的光功率被捕获,T1、T2分别为滤光镜镜和聚光镜的光透射率。
Ω=Ar2
I(θ)=PLEDπ
式中,A为接收器在垂直于光源方向的投影面积,这里认为是聚光镜的有效面积,r为光源与接收器之间的直线距离,式(4)表示轴向辐射强度。
根据式(2)可计算得功率P为4.068×10-4/πr2W。经硅光电二极管产生光电流,再由信号处理电路最终输出的电压Vsignal=(244/r2)v。根据硅光电二极管、运算放大器、光学透镜的参数表格计算系统总的电压噪声。首先硅光电二极管的暗电流噪声Vdark=2 mV,由放大电路的带宽为1.5 MHz可知运放电压噪声V1=14.7 μV,运放的电流噪声V2=12.2 μV,根据AD825运放的芯片手册20 ℃时反馈电阻产生热噪声V3=4KTRfB=493 μV,总的电压噪声Vnoise=Vdark2+V2+V22+V32≈2 mV。根据SNR≥10,(Vsignal/Vnoise)≥10⇒r≈110 m。由以上分析可知5 W LED系统的探测最远距离为110 m。弹药爆炸瞬间产生火光要远远大于LED的光强,满足测试要求。
系统监测设备需要在室外保持长时间的稳定工作,环境温度变化对晶振的影响会导致时钟漂移。为了更好地解决这个问题,采用GPS定位授时系统,能够提供具有良好准确度和稳定度的时频信号。GPS驯服晶振不受温度和老化的影响,稳定性高,但短期运行效果一般,而晶振的短期稳定性是十分优越的[19]。本系以GPS 1 PPS信号为基准,来驯服本地时钟。驯服与保持系统的组成分为:GPS接收机模块、本地时钟源模块、时间解析模块,时间间隔测量模块、补偿算法模块。整体框图如图4所示。
系统主控采用赛灵思XC7Z020,工作时钟频率为25 MHz,对应周期为40 ns。通过Verilog程序对该时钟进行分频,生成所需的1 MHz、1 KHz等多种频率信号,完成时钟调配。标准时钟输入源为GPS卫星提供的UTC时间信息,输出同步的1 PPS秒脉冲作为系统参考时钟。本系统采用双模块协同架构,结合NMEA协议解析器与本地时间生成器,实现对GPS时间基准的获取与保持。时序完整性通过状态机控制及跨时钟域同步机制予以保障。接收的GPS报文格式为:“$GNRMC,040 539.00,A,4 350.219 36,N,125 18.253 56,E,1.798,69.93,250 624,,,,A,V*31”,其中包含UTC时间、经纬度及日期等信息。时间解析模块基于有限状态机,采用四级状态转换机制:IDLE状态下通过移位寄存器检测"$GNRMC"标识WAIT状态中统计逗号分隔符定位时间与日期字段;随后进入GET_TIME与GET_DATE状态,分别提取6字节UTC时间和日期字符串;最后在ASCII_HEX状态将接收的ASCII码('0'~'9')转为4位二进制,并通过十进制转换还原实际数值。经Vivado逻辑分析仪验证,系统可成功读取GPS时间并转换为北京时间,结果如图5所示。
由于1 PPS秒信号与串口数据存在先后差异,模块在初始加载后进行了一定的秒级补偿,以弥补两者之间的时延,确保计时精度。对系统读取时间做长时间测试发现系统始终在1 PPS秒信号到来时超前7 µs,具有重复出现的、一致性的偏差的特点。可以认为该7 µs属于系统误差。具体原因可能是硬件时钟存在频率偏差,FPGA处理逻辑时钟域同步、逻辑门延迟、寄存器延迟会导致时间误差等,众多因素影响下体现有7 µs的系统误差,如图6。
靶场测试中时间同步系统误差的修正需要兼顾自适应调整、精度、平滑性。采用ADPLL算法实现对超前误差的渐进式修正,ADPLL是一种全数字化的锁相环技术,由TDC(时间-数字转换器)、DLF(数字环路滤波器)和DCO(数字控制振荡器)三个核心组件构成。这三个组件通过负反馈机制协同工作,实现对本地时钟与GPS秒脉冲的精确同步。TDC模块负责检测GPS 1 PPS与本地时钟的相位差,将其转换为数字信号表示。这通过延迟链和触发器实现,当本地分频时钟的上升沿超前于GPS 1 PPS时,TDC输出表示超前或者滞后的数字码。TDC将时间差Δt转换为相位差Δϕ,表示为
Δϕ=ΔtTref×2π
式中,Tref为参考时钟周期(1 s),Δt为检测到的超前时间。PI控制器处理相位误差,生成频率修正量为
eF(n)=Kp·Δϕ+Ki·∑i=0nΔϕ
式中,KP和Ki分别为比例和积分增益。此处误差是系统误差,积分项的作用更为关键,其会持续累积误差直到触发调整。eF(n)作为控制信号输入DCO,调整其输出频率。误差修正结构图如图7。
Kp和Ki经仿真7 µs误差取值分别为0.2和0.8,实现快速响应,不同误差范围下的值采取查表的方式,实现自适应调整机制,不仅兼顾了快速响应与系统稳定性,而且节约硬件资源。该方案在靶场测试中可有效减少时间跳变。本地时钟超前7 µs,每个周期40 ns,周期误差数为175。由式(5)可得相位差为350弧度。首次调整(n=0)积分项为当前相位误差,式(6)中eF(0)为350弧度。修正频率为175 Hz,DCO模块内采用平铺方法进行修正。测试结果如图8所示,横坐标一格表示100 ns,本地时间误差40 ns,符合测试要求。
逻辑分析仪显示1 PPS与本地时钟基本实现对齐,如图9所示。
系统探测能力提升验证实验,设置A、B两组相同的装置实验,两组的差异在于有无聚光镜。两组装置同在距离光源8 m处,相同光源下,测试产生的电压信号,验证设计中加入聚光镜时对系统探测能力的提升。
实验结果如图10,系统A中加入聚光镜起到了对入射光的汇聚效果,入射到聚光镜面上的光被最终折射到硅光电二极管的靶面。系统B入射到硅光电二极管上的光,则为二极管感光面积。二者所产生的光生电压的比值,应该近似为聚光镜与二极管面积大小的比值。聚光镜的实际面积S1为94.98 mm2,二极管感光面积S2为9 mm2。实验结果显示A组的光生电压为1.56 V,B组的光生电压为200 mV,系统A近似为系统B的8倍,由于系统在室内环境光干扰下会产生50~60 mV的干扰,以及聚光镜透光率为90%,聚光镜的存在使系统的聚光能力提升约9倍。
GPS时统误差修正后的验证使用函数发生器输出1 KHz正弦波信号,以函数发生器输出正弦波周期作为标准的时钟源。分别接入两组系统内进行信号的采集同时检验波峰判断的准确性,两组系统的差异仅在于是否对时间差加入ADPLL算法修正,其他实验条件相同。
通过检测到正弦波信号的波峰记录此时GPS时间,利用两波峰的时间差来比较修正后与修正前的时间对齐的准确性。图11是未进行误差修正前采集数据经上位机解析还原后实验图,函数发生器输出正弦波的周期为1 ms。图示时间是两波峰时间差代表正弦波的周期,依次为1 ms 7 µs 1 ns、1 ms 7 µs 0 ns、1 ms 7 µs 1 ns、1 ms 7 µs 0 ns、1 ms 7 µs 2 ns、1 ms 7 µs 2 ns、1 ms 7 µs 0 ns,系统误差未消除的情况下虽然能够精确的识别到输出正弦波的波峰,且避免了多次识别误报但在时间精度上误差在7 µs以上。
靶场检测炸点时间精确性要求较高,此误差的存在直接影响本地时统的准确性。采取上述方法对系统误差进行了修正,修正后的实验结果如图12,波峰的时间差代表正弦波周期,六组波峰之间的时间差分别为1 ms 0 µs 3 ns、1 ms 0 µs 1 ns、1 ms、1 ms 0 µs 1 ns、1 ms、1 ms 0 µs 1 ns、1 ms。两波峰之间的最大时间误差约3 ns。测试正弦波周期为1 ms,通过与上述未进行误差修正的对比可以看出,修正后的结果时间上更加精确,误差更小。
对爆炸时刻捕捉实验装置进行室内测试实验,通过光电传感器探测LED产生的光信号并转换为电信号模拟爆炸光瞬时光亮。实验选用的近红外LED发光功率为5 W、波长为920 nm。六组实验距离分别设置为5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、25 m、30 m,用于分析验证。实验时光电接收以及信号处理模块和其他实验装置置于LED正前方,捕捉LED灯瞬时亮灭。检验装置是否能够精确的捕捉瞬时亮灭尖峰,获取时间。通过程序精确控制每个LED实现亮灭,六组LED间隔3 s依次点亮,程序设置时间显示格式为“年-月-日-时-分-秒-毫秒-微秒-纳秒”。实验前,打开系统运行调整GPS时统对齐采集数据,捕捉LED瞬时亮灭的尖峰变化。实验结果如图13,结果显示六组LED亮灭瞬间捕捉到的尖峰时间分别为:25-03-26-22-15-12-763-826-327、25-03-26-22-15-15-763-826-338、25-03-26-22-15-18-763-826-318、25-03-26-22-15-21-763-826-340、25-03-26-22-15-24-763-826-320、25-03-26-22-15-27-763-826-343。六组时间相邻两组之间的间隔为3 s,与LED间隔点亮时间间隔相同,系统在尖峰捕获时间上实现了精准检测,同时验证了系统的感光能力。
5 m距离显示电压值为4.01 V。10 m距离显示电压值为0.98 V。15 m距离显示电压值为0.35 V,20 m距离显示电压值为0.20 V。25 m距离显示电压值为0.135 V。30 m距离显示电压值为0.102 V。5 m距离时由简化计算模型式(3)可知立体角Ω=4.52×10-6 sr,由式(4)可知LED辐射强度I0≈1.6 W/sr,由式(2)可知系统接收到的光功率P=5.207×10-6 W,经滤光镜、聚光镜投射到硅光电二极管上产生的光电流为4.2 µA,输出电压为4.2 V。根据式(2)、式(3)光功率传输与距离平方成反比可知10 m,15 m,20 m,25 m,30 m时的实际值大小为1.06 V、0.466 V、0.262 5 V、0.168 V、0.116 V。可以看出与真实的测试值与计算理论值比较接近,且具有与距离的平方成反比的关系。理论计算值未考虑光在传播过程中的能量损耗,以及硬件产生的误差大小,实际测量值在误差范围之内。理论值与测试值曲线如图14。
室外条件下采用含8 g炸药的鞭炮作为实验光源,在距离爆心100 m处放置系统装置对爆炸瞬间的光信号采集。实验装置如图15,测试结果如图16。可以看出记录的波峰最高点爆炸光时间点为“25-04-18-16-32-07-635-367”。
本文设计的炸点时间测量装置,可在室外场地实现对爆炸瞬时火光的探测,并通过上位机对采集数据进行处理与分析,直观呈现爆炸过程及其发生时刻,为靶场观测弹体爆炸参数提供更为精确的时统方案,实现了普通晶振的高精度守时。系统采用GPS对本地时钟进行驯服,结合1 PPS基准信号,实现爆炸光时刻检测,并具备对温度变化引起误差的自适应补偿能力。利用普通晶振实现高精度本地时基,在保障测量准确性的同时有效降低系统成本。为增强光信号采集能力,设计中加入聚光镜,提高入射光在探测器有效面积上的能量密度。由于限于测试场地,采用LED加鞭炮的测试过程。在室内模拟测试中,使用LED实现对5~30 m瞬时光亮的精准捕捉,通过理论与实际的分析验证确保了系统测试的准确性;室外实验测试中,系统可在100 m距离上准确检测到鞭炮爆炸产生的火光,并成功记录爆炸波峰对应的时间点。后续研究将围绕探索多光谱融合探测技术,增强系统对复杂背景下爆炸信号的甄别能力,开展系统微型化与低功耗设计,以适应无人机载平台等机动部署场景,拓展其在现代化靶场体系中的工程适用边界。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
WANG Xueqian, JianbingMEN, ZHOU Xin, et al. Unreal engine-based system for precision damage evaluation of fragmentation warheads against quadrupedal robots [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025,9:1-11.
王雪倩,门建兵,周鑫,等. 基于Unreal Engine的杀爆战斗部对四足机器人的精准毁伤评估方法与系统实现[J].系统仿真学报,2025,9:1-11.
2
BingtingCHA, ZHANG He,ZHANG Xiangjin,et al. Design of a device for remote real-time monitoring of burst point time [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2013,42(8):988-992..
查冰婷,张合,张祥金,等.远距离实时监测炸点时间测量装置设计[J].光子学报,2013,42(8):988-992. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20134208.0988
3
K-LNOH, SERPEDIN E, QARAQE K, et al. A new approach for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks: Pairwise broadcast synchronization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2008,7(9):3318-3322.
4
GUO Hao, CROSSLEY P. Design of a time synchronization system based on GPS and IEEE 1588 for transmission substations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 32(4): 2091-2100.
5
HASAN K F, FENG Yanming, TIAN Yuchu. GNSS time synchronization in vehicular ad-hoc networks: Benefits and feasibility[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018, 19(12): 3915-3924.
6
LIU Zhipeng, LIU Zi, CHENG Buwen. Research advances of high speed photodetectors [J].Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(15): 1513008.
刘志鹏,刘智,成步文. 高速光电探测器的研究进展[J].光学学报, 2024, 44(15): 1513008. DOI: 10.3788/aos240939
7
AKIBA M. Low-noise and high-speed photodetection system using optical feedback with a current amplification function[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2015, 86(9):094705.
8
YANG Ziyu,CHEN Ding,SHENG Linnan. Measurement of key terminal ballistic parameters of small armsbased on sparse distribution optoelectronic detection array [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2024,53(7): 0753309.
杨子钰,陈丁,沈岭南. 基于稀疏光电探测阵列的轻武器终点弹道关键参数测量[J]. 光子学报, 2024,53(7): 0753309. DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20245307.0753309
9
PRAJAPAT P ,VASHISHTHA P ,SINGH K D,et al.Facile synthesized Sb2S3 based high-performance visible photodetector for weak optical signal detection[J].Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical,2024,3:6911-5151.
10
WANG F, TIAN H, GAO Y, et al. Limit detection sensitivity analysis and maximum detection height prediction for the photoelectric detection target[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2023, 164: 107530.
11
HAN Li. Research on high-precision dynamic detection and storage method of explosive light intensity[D]. Suozhou: Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2018.
韩力.高精度爆炸光强动态检测与存储方法研究[D]. 苏州:苏州科技大学,2018.
12
SREERAMAMURTHY V, DUTTA S, PADHY S, et al.Determining point of burst of artillery shells using acoustic source localisation[J].Defence Science Journal,2014,64(6):517-523.
13
LI HanShan, ZHANG Xiaoqian, GAO Junchai. A design method of active photoelectric detection sensor based on 1-d multiunit p-i-n detector and its detection model[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022, 22(22): 21600-21612.
14
ZHA Bingting ,ZHANG He , ZHANG Xingjin. System for measuring the burst point time base on APD[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 860-863.
15
HUANG Zhanhuan,ZHANG Guang, CAO Yusheng, et al. Simulation research on instantaneous position measurement of explosion point of general industrial camera[J]. Applied Optics, 2021, 42(5): 891-897.
黄战华,张光,曹雨生,等. 通用工业相机的炸点瞬时位置测量模拟研究[J].应用光学,2021, 42(5): 891-897. DOI: 10.5768/JAO202142.0503003
16
ZHOU Yu, CAO Ronggang, LI Ping, et al. A method for fuze detonation point detection in field test images[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 46(8): 2453-2464.
周宇,曹荣刚,栗苹,等.一种用于外场试验图像的引信炸点检测方法[J]. 兵工学报,2023,44(8):2453-2464.
17
ZOU Yue, Zhang Weida, CUI Ming,et al. Design of a time synchronization system based on domestic FPGA[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 2023, (2): 65-68.
邹悦,张维达,崔明,等. 基于国产化FPGA的时统系统设计[J]. 仪表技术与传感器,2023,(2):65-68.
18
LIU Baifeng. A synchronous time-service algorithm for time-unification modules[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2020, (4): 65-68.
刘百峰. 一种时间统一模块同步授时算法[J].舰船电子工程,2020,40(4):44-47.
19
BUI T Q, ELANGO A, LANDRY R J.. FPGA-based autonomous GPS-disciplined oscillatorsfor wireless sensor network nodes [J]. Sensors, 2022, 22(9): 3135-3135.
2026年第55卷第2期
PDF下载
141
64
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
  • 录用日期:2025-11-18
基金
作者信息
    1长春理工大学 光电工程学院,光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,长春 130013

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212003
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏