Article(id=1315743622969012237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0212001, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0212001, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761753600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1768147200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineDate=1791627325049, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627325049, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627325049, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627325049, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=17, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743624088891406, articleId=1315743622969012237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Research on Structured Light Wrapped Phase Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Deep Learning, columnId=1315741666489774715, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Phase unwrapping serves as a critical step in high-precision optical measurement, aiming to recover the absolute phase from its wrapped counterpart. While current deep learning-based approaches for absolute phase extraction have achieved improvements in both accuracy and computational efficiency, critical challenges persist, including excessively large network parameter counts and low accuracy in resolving discontinuous phases. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces the Attentive Directional Encoder-Decoder Network (ADE-Net) for structured light phase unwrapping applications. The primary objective is to develop a lightweight, efficient, and robust deep learning framework that achieves consistently high unwrapping accuracy under complex conditions such as noise corruption, phase discontinuities, and aliasing artefacts, thereby providing a practical, engineering-ready solution capable for reliable development in real-world optical measurement systems.
The proposed ADE-Net is built upon a concise and efficient encoder-decoder backbone architecture. The encoder consists of four feature extraction stages, each comprising a convolutional block and a Haar Wavelet Down-sampling (HWD) module. The HWD structure preserves high-frequency directional details, such as phase jump edges, during down-sampling, providing a more complete feature foundation for subsequent processing. The decoder employs a symmetric up-sampling structure based on transposed convolutions, with skip connections to fuse multi-scale features from the encoder, ensuring effective detail recovery. To enhance feature representation, two innovative modules are integrated: the Adaptive Clockwork Long Short-Term Memory (AC-LSTM) module and the Depthwise-separable-convolution Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (DEMA) module. The AC-LSTM module is designed to capture multi-scale contextual and direction-sensitive features simultaneously. It consists of two parallel branches: an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) branch for multi-scale context aggregation, and a bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) branch enhanced with Context Anchor Attention (CAA) to model long-range dependencies along horizontal and vertical directions with spatial awareness. The outputs of both branches are fused to produce rich, direction-aware features. The DEMA module is an improved version of the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) mechanism. It introduces depthwise separable convolution to replace standard 3×3 convolutions, significantly reducing computational complexity while maintaining receptive field coverage. Additionally, Batch Matrix Multiply (BMM) is adopted for more efficient parallel processing of batch data. DEMA operates by grouping input features, performing adaptive height and width pooling, and applying depthwise separable convolution in parallel branches, followed by cross-branch fusion via BMM and element-wise multiplication with the original features. This design enhances the model's ability to focus on critical information across scales while optimizing computational efficiency.
To comprehensively evaluate the performance of ADE-Net, systematic experiments were conducted using both simulated and real-world datasets. For simulation, three distinct datasets were constructed, each comprising 2 000 pairs of wrapped and absolute phase images with a size of 256×256. Dataset 1 simulated noise interference by introducing Gaussian noise with signal-to-noise ratios of 0, 5, 20, 40, and 80 dB. Dataset 2 simulated phase discontinuities by randomly generating 1 to 2 rectangular jump regions with random positions, sizes, and phase values. Dataset 3 combined both noise and discontinuities to emulate aliasing effects. Additionally, the public real dataset ‘Single-input dual-output 3D shape reconstruction’ was adopted to assess generalization capability, which contains 1 500 real-scene samples acquired by a structured-light 3D measurement system. The evaluation was performed using three metrics: Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). Benchmark comparisons were carried out against mainstream models such as U-Net, Res-UNet, Perera's Net, and TNUNet. In the comparative experiments, ADE-Net achieved the best performance across all three simulated datasets. On the discontinuous dataset, it attained an NRMSE of 4.35%, an MAE of 1.094 5 rad, and an SSIM of 0.871 4. On the random-noise dataset, the results were 4.58% NRMSE, 1.216 5 rad MAE, and 0.838 9 SSIM. On the aliased dataset, ADE-Net reached 4.34% NRMSE, 1.137 7 rad MAE, and 0.834 0 SSIM. Cross-validation on the public dataset demonstrated excellent generalization ability, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.505 2, an MAE of 0.180 9 rad, and an SSIM of 0.997 1. Ablation studies further confirmed the individual performance contributions of both the AC-LSTM and DEMA modules. Moreover, while maintaining the aforementioned high accuracy, ADE-Net also exhibited remarkable computational efficiency advantages. With only 2.012 M parameters and 2.655 GFLOPs, it is significantly lighter than the compared models. The inference time per single image is only 12.71 ms, meeting real-time processing requirements without compromising accuracy, thereby achieving an effective balance between model complexity and computational performance.
In conclusion, ADE-Net presents a lightweight, efficient, and highly accurate deep learning framework for phase unwrapping in structured light 3D measurement. By integrating the AC-LSTM module for capturing direction-sensitive multiscale features and the DEMA module for computationally streamlined attention-driven feature refinement, the models achieve an ideal balance between performance and computational complexity. It demonstrates superior resilience in challenging conditions involving noise corruption, phase discontinuities, and aliasing artefacts, outperforming leading benchmark models in both accuracy and processing efficiency. Rigorous validation on real-world datasets confirms its robust generalization capability, while its fast inference speed and low resource footprint make it well-suited for high-precision phase reconstruction tasks. By addressing practical constrains in deployment, this work promotes the feasibility of structured light 3D measurement system for real-world, resource-aware applications.
, authors=Simin YANG
1, Yandong ZHANG
1, Yang WANG
2, Jianhua SHANG
1, authorsList=Simin YANG, Yandong ZHANG, Yang WANG, Jianhua SHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianhua SHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743627939262496, articleId=1315743622969012237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于深度学习的结构光包裹相位展开算法研究, columnId=1315741516602131284, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=※封面论文※, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
现有的基于深度学习的绝对相位提取算法,虽然在精度和效率方面有所改进,但仍存在网络参数量过大、对不连续相位求解精度低等问题,为此提出一种基于深度学习的结构光包裹相位展开网络,以简洁高效的编码器-解码器网络框架为骨干网络,并设计自适应时钟长短期记忆模块捕获上下文和方向敏感特征;通过引入并改进多尺度注意力机制,有效提高算法的信息获取能力和特征融合的稳定性及效率。为了评估该网络模型的有效性,首先借助包含随机噪声干扰、相位不连续跳变及混叠效应的三组模拟数据集,与当前主流深度学习相位展开模型进行比较实验和消融实验,实验结果表明所提网络的性能均优于对比网络模型;其次,借助公开数据集测试,所提网络的均方根误差为0.505 2,平均绝对误差为0.180 9 rad,结构相似性指数为0.997 1,表明该网络具有良好的泛化能力。
, authors=杨思敏
1, 张衍东
1, 王杨
2, 尚建华
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1东华大学 信息与智能科学学院,上海 201620)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743628551630884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743628560019493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, companyId=1315743628551630884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Joint Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743628568408102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, companyId=1315743628551630884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 高功率激光物理联合实验室,上海 201800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743631902879813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
ADE-Net network model structure, figureFileSmall=uGUUrk8E/4egFL96t+4IVQ==, figureFileBig=8HwnHeZk7AqePRcJBrG6Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743631974182982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
ADE-Net网络模型结构, figureFileSmall=uGUUrk8E/4egFL96t+4IVQ==, figureFileBig=8HwnHeZk7AqePRcJBrG6Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632162926663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
AC-LSTM overview. (a) AC-LSTM module; (b) Bi-LSTM module; (c) CAA module; (d) ASPP module, figureFileSmall=A+m0JCWRY/0qntgmwNNxag==, figureFileBig=dfd3mqVfFrlxZO7EdJFAYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632234229832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
AC-LSTM结构示意图。(a)AC-LSTM模块;(b)Bi-LSTM模块;(c)CAA模块;(d)ASPP模块, figureFileSmall=A+m0JCWRY/0qntgmwNNxag==, figureFileBig=dfd3mqVfFrlxZO7EdJFAYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632301338697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
DEMA overview. (a) DSEMA module; (b) Depthwise-separable-convolution, figureFileSmall=ZB908R9ftgUMoEcdegh0uA==, figureFileBig=niM4ZrO8aKmUvuokn3jwDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632406196298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
DEMA结构示意图。(a)DSEMA模块;(b)深度可分离卷积, figureFileSmall=ZB908R9ftgUMoEcdegh0uA==, figureFileBig=niM4ZrO8aKmUvuokn3jwDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632477499467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
The simulated datasets and real datasets. (a) Wrapped phase (simulated data set 1); (b) Absolute phase (simulated data set 1); (c) Wrapped phase (simulated data set 2); (d) Absolute phase (simulated data set 2); (e) Wrapped phase (simulated data set 3); (f) Absolute phase (simulated data set 3); (g) Wrapped phase (real data set); (h) Absolute phase (real data set), figureFileSmall=+fNlDlvO/kc3p3vfPOG9/w==, figureFileBig=IcoG7O5iSjwGCtLJNxRj+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632548802636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
模拟数据集和真实数据集的样式。(a)包裹相位图(模拟数据集1);(b)绝对相位图(模拟数据集1);(c)包裹相位图(模拟数据集2);(d)绝对相位图(模拟数据集2);(e)包裹相位图(模拟数据集3);(f)绝对相位图(模拟数据集3);(g)包裹相位图(真实数据集);(h)绝对相位图(真实数据集), figureFileSmall=+fNlDlvO/kc3p3vfPOG9/w==, figureFileBig=IcoG7O5iSjwGCtLJNxRj+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632628494413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Phase unwrapping results of various models on discontinuous datasets. (a) Wrapped phase; (b) Absolute phase; (c) Absolute phase predicted by U-Net; (d)Relative error map of U-Net; (e) Absolute phase predicted by Res-UNet; (f) Relative error map of Res-UNet; (g) Absolute phase predicted by Perera's Net; (h) Relative error map of Perera's Net; (i) Absolute phase predicted by TNUNet; (j) Relative error map of TNUNet; (k) Absolute phase predicted by ADE-Net; (l) Relative error map of ADE-Net, figureFileSmall=/db5cH6SGwh/68C0pdmtuw==, figureFileBig=h5OgEo9Za0cNpsIglLLszw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632712380494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不连续数据集各模型相位展开结果。(a)包裹相位图;(b)绝对相位图;(c)U-Net预测的绝对相位图;(d)U-Net预测结果的相对误差图;(e)Res-UNet预测的绝对相位图;(f)Res-UNet预测结果的相对误差图;(g)Perera's Net预测的绝对相位图;(h)Perera's Net预测结果的相对误差图;(i)TNUNet预测的绝对相位图;(j)TNUNet预测结果的相对误差图;(k)ADE-Net预测的绝对相位图;(l)ADE-Net预测结果的相对误差图, figureFileSmall=/db5cH6SGwh/68C0pdmtuw==, figureFileBig=h5OgEo9Za0cNpsIglLLszw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632792072271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Phase unwrapping results of various models on random noise datasets. (a) Wrapped phase; (b) Absolute phase; (c) Absolute phase predicted by U-Net; (d)Relative error map of U-Net; (e) Absolute phase predicted by Res-UNet; (f) Relative error map of Res-UNet; (g) Absolute phase predicted by Perera's Net; (h) Relative error map of Perera's Net; (i) Absolute phase predicted by TNUNet; (j) Relative error map of TNUNet; (k) Absolute phase predicted by ADE-Net; (l) Relative error map of ADE-Net, figureFileSmall=J3RjFF4vq1AfXk37UIHaEg==, figureFileBig=NZZoLWPynTM9jsQ/hYfE7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632880152656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
随机噪声数据集各模型相位展开结果。(a)包裹相位图;(b)绝对相位图;(c)U-Net预测的绝对相位图;(d)U-Net预测结果的相对误差图;(e)Res-UNet预测的绝对相位图;(f)Res-UNet预测结果的相对误差图;(g)Perera's Net预测的绝对相位图;(h)Perera's Net预测结果的相对误差图;(i)TNUNet预测的绝对相位图;(j)TNUNet预测结果的相对误差图;(k)ADE-Net预测的绝对相位图;(l)ADE-Net预测结果的相对误差图, figureFileSmall=J3RjFF4vq1AfXk37UIHaEg==, figureFileBig=NZZoLWPynTM9jsQ/hYfE7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743632964038737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Phase unwrapping results of various models on the aliased dataset. (a) Wrapped phase; (b) Absolute phase; (c) Absolute phase predicted by U-Net; (d)Relative error map of U-Net; (e) Absolute phase predicted by Res-UNet; (f) Relative error map of Res-UNet; (g) Absolute phase predicted by Perera's Net; (h) Relative error map of Perera's Net; (i) Absolute phase predicted by TNUNet; (j) Relative error map of TNUNet; (k) Absolute phase predicted by ADE-Net; (l) Relative error map of ADE-Net, figureFileSmall=F8A0MHJrpmBsk+7yL/wgmg==, figureFileBig=hmX/trj1xu6EqyC2MG2iUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743633039536210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
混叠数据集各模型相位展开结果。(a)包裹相位图;(b)绝对相位图;(c)U-Net预测的绝对相位图;(d)U-Net预测结果的相对误差图;(e)Res-UNet预测的绝对相位图;(f)Res-UNet预测结果的相对误差图;(g)Perera's Net预测的绝对相位图;(h)Perera's Net预测结果的相对误差图;(i)TNUNet预测的绝对相位图;(j)TNUNet预测结果的相对误差图;(k)ADE-Net预测的绝对相位图;(l)ADE-Net预测结果的相对误差图, figureFileSmall=F8A0MHJrpmBsk+7yL/wgmg==, figureFileBig=hmX/trj1xu6EqyC2MG2iUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743633106645075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Phase unwrapping results of the ADE-Net on the public real dataset. (a) Wrapped phase; (b) Absolute phase; (c) Absolute phase predicted by ADE-Net; (d) Phase unwrapping error map, figureFileSmall=l+fVtfu2MbOtCNvBywTLnA==, figureFileBig=RoGCic3gZBaMOmtcYJBPvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743633169559636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
公开真实数据集下ADE-Net模型的相位展开结果。(a)包裹相位图;(b)绝对相位图;(c)ADE-Net预测的绝对相位图;(d)展开相位误差图, figureFileSmall=l+fVtfu2MbOtCNvBywTLnA==, figureFileBig=RoGCic3gZBaMOmtcYJBPvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743633232474197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Parameter configurations of ADE-Net
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Stage | Module type | Channels (in→out) | Module count | Output feature map size (H×W) |
|---|
| Encoder | Stage 1 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 1→16 | 1 | 128×128 |
| Stage 2 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 16→32 | 1 | 64×64 |
| Stage 3 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 32→64 | 1 | 32×32 |
| Stage 4 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 64→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
AC-LSTM module | ASPP branch | ASPP+EMA | 128→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
| LSTM branch | Bi-LSTM+CAA | 128→128 | 2(horizontal/vertical) | 16×16 |
| Feature fusion | 1×1 convolution | 256→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
| Decoder | Stage 1 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 128→128 | 1 | 32×32 |
| Stage 2 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 128→64 | 1 | 64×64 |
| Stage 3 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 64→32 | 1 | 128×128 |
| Stage 4 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 32→16 | 1 | 256×256 |
| Output layer | 1×1 convolution | 16→1 | 1 | 256×256 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633328943190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
ADE-Net网络参数配置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Stage | Module type | Channels (in→out) | Module count | Output feature map size (H×W) |
|---|
| Encoder | Stage 1 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 1→16 | 1 | 128×128 |
| Stage 2 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 16→32 | 1 | 64×64 |
| Stage 3 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 32→64 | 1 | 32×32 |
| Stage 4 | Conv block+HWD down-sampling | 64→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
AC-LSTM module | ASPP branch | ASPP+EMA | 128→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
| LSTM branch | Bi-LSTM+CAA | 128→128 | 2(horizontal/vertical) | 16×16 |
| Feature fusion | 1×1 convolution | 256→128 | 1 | 16×16 |
| Decoder | Stage 1 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 128→128 | 1 | 32×32 |
| Stage 2 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 128→64 | 1 | 64×64 |
| Stage 3 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 64→32 | 1 | 128×128 |
| Stage 4 | Transposed Conv+skip connection | 32→16 | 1 | 256×256 |
| Output layer | 1×1 convolution | 16→1 | 1 | 256×256 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633396052055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Ablation experiment results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Model | Baseline | Four-way space LSTM | AC-LSTM | EMA | DEMA | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| A | √ | | | | | 13.69% | 3.677 1 | 0.503 2 |
| B | √ | | √ | | | 5.15% | 1.329 6 | 0.793 3 |
| C | √ | | | √ | | 9.33% | 2.355 4 | 0.643 6 |
| D | √ | | | | √ | 7.49% | 1.972 8 | 0.718 8 |
| E | √ | √ | | | | 6.09% | 1.618 0 | 0.783 6 |
| ADE-Net | √ | | √ | | √ | 4.58% | 1.216 5 | 0.838 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633479938136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
消融实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Model | Baseline | Four-way space LSTM | AC-LSTM | EMA | DEMA | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| A | √ | | | | | 13.69% | 3.677 1 | 0.503 2 |
| B | √ | | √ | | | 5.15% | 1.329 6 | 0.793 3 |
| C | √ | | | √ | | 9.33% | 2.355 4 | 0.643 6 |
| D | √ | | | | √ | 7.49% | 1.972 8 | 0.718 8 |
| E | √ | √ | | | | 6.09% | 1.618 0 | 0.783 6 |
| ADE-Net | √ | | √ | | √ | 4.58% | 1.216 5 | 0.838 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633563824217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Quantitative evaluation results on discontinuous datasets
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 10.53% | 2.519 9 | 0.667 2 |
| Res-UNet | 9.10% | 2.212 3 | 0.673 2 |
| Perera's Net | 5.60% | 1.342 1 | 0.824 8 |
| TNUNet | 5.28% | 1.265 3 | 0.831 0 |
| ADE-Net | 4.35% | 1.094 5 | 0.871 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633635127386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不连续数据集上的定量评估结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 10.53% | 2.519 9 | 0.667 2 |
| Res-UNet | 9.10% | 2.212 3 | 0.673 2 |
| Perera's Net | 5.60% | 1.342 1 | 0.824 8 |
| TNUNet | 5.28% | 1.265 3 | 0.831 0 |
| ADE-Net | 4.35% | 1.094 5 | 0.871 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633698041947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Quantitative evaluation results on random noise dataset
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| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 10.11% | 2.620 4 | 0.666 9 |
| Res-UNet | 11.41% | 3.034 0 | 0.548 4 |
| Perera's Net | 5.63% | 1.465 8 | 0.800 6 |
| TNUNet | 5.79% | 1.520 8 | 0.768 5 |
| ADE-Net | 4.58% | 1.216 5 | 0.838 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633765150812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
随机噪声数据集上的定量评估结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 10.11% | 2.620 4 | 0.666 9 |
| Res-UNet | 11.41% | 3.034 0 | 0.548 4 |
| Perera's Net | 5.63% | 1.465 8 | 0.800 6 |
| TNUNet | 5.79% | 1.520 8 | 0.768 5 |
| ADE-Net | 4.58% | 1.216 5 | 0.838 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743633853231197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Quantitative evaluation results on aliased datasets
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 11.71% | 3.121 3 | 0.616 0 |
| Res-UNet | 9.51% | 2.489 8 | 0.619 3 |
| Perera's Net | 5.75% | 1.515 7 | 0.798 3 |
| TNUNet | 5.53% | 1.417 4 | 0.765 4 |
| ADE-Net | 4.34% | 1.137 7 | 0.834 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743635493204062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
混叠数据集上的定量评估结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | NRMSE | MAE/rad | SSIM |
|---|
| U-Net | 11.71% | 3.121 3 | 0.616 0 |
| Res-UNet | 9.51% | 2.489 8 | 0.619 3 |
| Perera's Net | 5.75% | 1.515 7 | 0.798 3 |
| TNUNet | 5.53% | 1.417 4 | 0.765 4 |
| ADE-Net | 4.34% | 1.137 7 | 0.834 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743635589673055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Comparison of model complexity and runtime efficiency
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | Parameters/M | GFLOPs | Average training time per epoch/s | Training GPU memory usage/MB | FPS | Inference time per image/ms |
|---|
| U-Net | 17.266 | 40.111 | 14.49 | 1 650.69 | 322.30 | 3.10 |
| Res-UNet | 15.940 | 87.014 | 35.96 | 3 251.53 | 101.15 | 9.89 |
| Perera's Net | 0.760 | 2.279 | 13.13 | 304.82 | 97.13 | 10.30 |
| TNUNet | 8.434 | 8.270 9 | 34.07 | 2 272.63 | 40.41 | 24.74 |
| ADE-Net | 2.012 | 2.655 | 16.97 | 451.21 | 78.67 | 12.71 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743635673559136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743622969012237, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
模型复杂度与运行效率对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Method | Parameters/M | GFLOPs | Average training time per epoch/s | Training GPU memory usage/MB | FPS | Inference time per image/ms |
|---|
| U-Net | 17.266 | 40.111 | 14.49 | 1 650.69 | 322.30 | 3.10 |
| Res-UNet | 15.940 | 87.014 | 35.96 | 3 251.53 | 101.15 | 9.89 |
| Perera's Net | 0.760 | 2.279 | 13.13 | 304.82 | 97.13 | 10.30 |
| TNUNet | 8.434 | 8.270 9 | 34.07 | 2 272.63 | 40.41 | 24.74 |
| ADE-Net | 2.012 | 2.655 | 16.97 | 451.21 | 78.67 | 12.71 |
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