Article(id=1315741759934673127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312003, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265503.0312003, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760371200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1764518400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineDate=1791626880868, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791626880868, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791626880868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791626880868, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315741514865689424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='378', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791626822438, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791626932547, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=340, endPage=353, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315741761138438376, articleId=1315741759934673127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Phase Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Gradient Consistency, columnId=1315741666489774715, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study is to develop a robust and accurate Phase Unwrapping (PU) algorithm that can reliably recover continuous phase information from noisy wrapped phase data while preserving structural details. In many practical measurements, noise and local phase disturbances degrade the accuracy of gradient estimation, which leads to error amplification and structural distortion during the unwrapping process. To address this challenge, this work proposes a new PU framework based on gradient consistency detection and adaptive noise correction. The main objective is to accurately identify noise-corrupted pixels in the wrapped phase map and selectively suppress their influence without altering reliable phase information. By combining localized complex-domain filtering with efficient phase reconstruction, the proposed method aims to improve both reconstruction accuracy and robustness while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for practical imaging systems.

The proposed method consists of three main stages dual wrapped phase generation, gradient consistency-based noise detection, and integral phase reconstruction. First, two wrapped phase maps are obtained from the same group of fringe patterns through forward and reverse phase-shifting demodulation. Specifically, phase extraction is performed using five fringe images in the sequences I1 →I5 and I5→I1, respectively. These two wrapped phase maps represent the same underlying phase distribution but contain opposite phase-shift directions introduced during demodulation. Under ideal noise-free conditions, the spatial gradients of the two wrapped phase maps should be identical at each pixel location. Based on this property, the proposed algorithm detects noise by evaluating the gradient consistency between the primary wrapped phase and the auxiliary wrapped phase. The gradients of the two maps are computed and compared pixel-wise, and pixels whose gradient difference exceeds a predefined threshold are classified as noisy pixels. This detection strategy enables accurate localization of noise while avoiding unnecessary processing of reliable regions. Once the noisy pixels are identified, localized filtering is applied only to these pixels in the complex domain. The wrapped phase is first transformed into a complex representation to eliminate discontinuity issues caused by the 2π periodicity. A local mean filtering operation is then iteratively performed to suppress noise while maintaining phase continuity. To prevent excessive smoothing and loss of structural details, a gradient-based stopping criterion is introduced. The filtering process for each pixel terminates once the corrected gradient becomes sufficiently consistent with the reference gradient or when the maximum number of iterations is reached. This selective filtering mechanism effectively reduces noise while preserving reliable phase structures. After the noise suppression stage, the continuous phase is reconstructed through gradient integration. Instead of solving large optimization problems, the proposed method employs a fast integral reconstruction strategy. Starting from a reference point, the unwrapped phase is obtained by accumulating the denoised gradient values across the image. This approach avoids nonlinear optimization and large matrix operations, thereby significantly improving computational efficiency.

Extensive experiments were conducted using both simulated datasets and real measurement data to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In the simulation experiments, wrapped phase maps with different noise levels were generated to analyze the robustness of the algorithm under controlled conditions. The proposed method was compared with several representative phase unwrapping techniques, including the Total Variation (TV) based method, the Least-Squares (LS) method, and the Transport-of-Intensity Equation (TIE) method. Quantitative evaluation was performed using multiple performance metrics, including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and computational time. The results show that the proposed method consistently achieves lower RMSE values and higher SSIM scores across all noise levels. When the noise level is low, the proposed algorithm produces highly accurate phase reconstructions comparable to existing approaches. As the noise level increases, the advantages of the proposed method become more evident. Traditional LS and TIE methods exhibit significant error amplification due to inaccurate gradient estimation, while TV-based methods tend to oversmooth phase structures and blur sharp edges. In contrast, the proposed method effectively suppresses noise while preserving phase discontinuities and structural details. To further evaluate the stability of the algorithm, repeated experiments were performed under identical experimental conditions. Ten independent runs were conducted with different random noise realizations. The results show that the RMSE values obtained by the proposed method remain consistently low with minimal variation, indicating strong robustness and stability. In contrast, the TV method exhibits noticeable fluctuations in reconstruction error across different runs. Real-world experiments were also carried out using fringe images captured from physical samples. The test object consisted of stacked wafer surfaces forming a discontinuous phase structure. The proposed method successfully reconstructed the phase distribution and preserved sharp structural boundaries. Two-dimensional profile comparisons further demonstrate that the reconstructed phase closely matches the reference phase and maintains accurate edge information. Additionally, the computational time of the proposed method is significantly shorter than that of the TV-based method, demonstrating its efficiency advantage.

The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed phase unwrapping algorithm achieves high reconstruction accuracy, strong robustness, and efficient computational performance under various noise conditions. The method effectively suppresses noise while preserving structural details, providing a reliable solution for phase reconstruction in practical measurement environments.

, authors=Leijie FENG1, Hubing DU1, Gaopeng ZHANG2, Yanjie LI1, Hui WANG1, authorsList=Leijie FENG, Hubing DU, Gaopeng ZHANG, Yanjie LI, Hui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hubing DU, Gaopeng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315741767056601343, articleId=1315741759934673127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于梯度一致性的相位解包裹方法, columnId=1315741666716267133, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=仪器,测量,度量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高噪声条件下包裹相位解包裹的准确性与稳定性,提出了一种基于梯度一致性检测与积分恢复的高精度相位解包裹算法。该方法利用顺序与逆序相移解调(即对同一组的五帧条纹图分别按帧序I1 →I5与I5→I1进行相位提取)生成两幅具有相对相移的包裹相位图,通过局部梯度一致性判断精确识别噪声像素,并对这些点进行复数域局部滤波,结合梯度收敛准则实现自适应终止,显著降低过度处理风险。在获得结构优化的包裹相位图后,采用直接积分的方式高效重建连续相位。仿真与实物实验验证表明,该方法在不同噪声水平下均能稳定恢复高质量相位,具备更强的边缘保持能力与鲁棒性。

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Measurement Science and Technology, 2018, 30(1): 015201., articleTitle=Robust 2D phase unwrapping algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741767798993153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741767807381762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, companyId=1315741767798993153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741767815770371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, companyId=1315741767798993153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西安工业大学 机电工程学院, 西安 710021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741767949988100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741767958376709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, companyId=1315741767949988100, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741768205840646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, companyId=1315741767949988100, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 西安 710119)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315741774258221357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of the proposed method, figureFileSmall=x8KoChsch0WdAESAwqJ2JQ==, figureFileBig=UHkhfNlav3sH6BSghg7cCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741774572794158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本文方法的流程, figureFileSmall=x8KoChsch0WdAESAwqJ2JQ==, figureFileBig=UHkhfNlav3sH6BSghg7cCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741774992224560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Simulation experiments. (a) Primary wrapped phase; (b) Auxiliary wrapped phase; (c) Reference phase., figureFileSmall=uWXURKODkJkdAN+NeCuu6Q==, figureFileBig=rdwY+2NM5cNyw3LpxRbT4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775071916337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图2, caption=仿真实验。(a)主包裹相位图; (b)辅助包裹相位图; (c)参考相位, figureFileSmall=uWXURKODkJkdAN+NeCuu6Q==, figureFileBig=rdwY+2NM5cNyw3LpxRbT4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775336157490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Unwrapping results and errors of different methods. (a) Proposed method; (b) TV method; (c) LS method; (d) TIE method, figureFileSmall=xayQrlyhTdr68BGlBVnbPw==, figureFileBig=TVsbuHZJtQNlmulQp0bhTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775403266355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同方法的展开结果及误差。(a)本文方法; (b)TV方法; (c) LS方法;(d)TIE方法, figureFileSmall=xayQrlyhTdr68BGlBVnbPw==, figureFileBig=TVsbuHZJtQNlmulQp0bhTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775474569524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Unwrapped phase results and corresponding errors of the proposed method and the TV method under different noise levels.(a) σ=0.1; (b) σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5; (d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=198TYgLpV90Jcm+oQktS6g==, figureFileBig=SmfMQIQs67eqVnRVVPHlyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775818502453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图4, caption=本文方法和TV方法在不同噪声水平下的展开结果及误差。(a) σ=0.1; (b)σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5; (d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=198TYgLpV90Jcm+oQktS6g==, figureFileBig=SmfMQIQs67eqVnRVVPHlyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775893999926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Evolution curves. (a) Root mean square error under different noise levels; (b) Execution time under different noise levels; (c) Independent repeated experiments., figureFileSmall=3QCmXT9WPHdS9ve+x23m0A==, figureFileBig=l25wES7Y6Edll37ThEFaOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741775969497399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图5, caption=演化规律曲线。(a) 不同噪声水平下的均方根误差; (b) 不同噪声水平下的耗时; (c) 独立重复性实验, figureFileSmall=3QCmXT9WPHdS9ve+x23m0A==, figureFileBig=l25wES7Y6Edll37ThEFaOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741776061772089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Unwrapping results and errors of LS method and TIE method under different noise levels.(a)σ=0.1; (b)σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5; (d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=WSKer0pOaysReIhHtxNKkw==, figureFileBig=kbxsOYtSFU4NJ3MwIXq+AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741776128880954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LS方法和TIE方法在不同噪声水平下的展开结果及误差。(a) σ=0.1; (b) σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5;(d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=WSKer0pOaysReIhHtxNKkw==, figureFileBig=kbxsOYtSFU4NJ3MwIXq+AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741777819185469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Gradient results of the proposed method and the TV method under different noise levels. (a) σ=0.1; (b) σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5; (d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=J5R65Wv4Zhyu3ngIVBAPTw==, figureFileBig=/5HrCzz+gRje/CHjh88nFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741777932431679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图7, caption=本文方法和TV方法在不同噪声水平下的梯度结果。(a) σ=0.1; (b) σ=0.3; (c) σ=0.5;(d) σ=0.8, figureFileSmall=J5R65Wv4Zhyu3ngIVBAPTw==, figureFileBig=/5HrCzz+gRje/CHjh88nFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778016317760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Real experiment. (a) First fringe pattern; (b) Second fringe pattern; (c) Wrapped phase map; (d) Phase-shifted wrapped phase map., figureFileSmall=+wGDP9SElhjA5iFReisBCQ==, figureFileBig=JZFkUWoA1ynRXM0/FGK7cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778330890561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图8, caption=实物实验。(a)第一帧条纹图;(b)第二帧条纹图;(c)包裹相图;(d)相移包裹相图, figureFileSmall=+wGDP9SElhjA5iFReisBCQ==, figureFileBig=JZFkUWoA1ynRXM0/FGK7cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778389610818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Unwrapped results and errors of different methods. (a) Results and errors of the proposed method and the TV method; (b) Results and errors of the LS method and the TIE method., figureFileSmall=ssRF9aqNlWdXXIGHLQM+jA==, figureFileBig=Oiv/Rnm1zh9Fi7bO6hWXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778473496900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同方法的展开结果及误差。(a)本文方法和TV方法结果和误差; (b) LS方法和TIE方法结果和误差, figureFileSmall=ssRF9aqNlWdXXIGHLQM+jA==, figureFileBig=Oiv/Rnm1zh9Fi7bO6hWXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778708377926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Experimental validation in a complex scene. (a) First fringe pattern; (b) Second fringe pattern; (c) Wrapped phase; (d) Phase-shifted wrapped phase., figureFileSmall=qy8qNRd4EzdTcPZtm3XPlw==, figureFileBig=PwumNsX2xN4kJV+6jdAq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741778779681095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图10, caption=复杂场景实验验证。(a)第一帧条纹图; (b)第二帧条纹图; (c)包裹相图; (d)相移包裹相图, figureFileSmall=qy8qNRd4EzdTcPZtm3XPlw==, figureFileBig=PwumNsX2xN4kJV+6jdAq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741779115225416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Unwrapped phase results and corresponding 2D profiles obtained by different methods. (a) The proposed method and the TV method; (b) LS method; (c) TIE method., figureFileSmall=3KE0xOrmr6rNz+qiywOBjw==, figureFileBig=PX6xHfHk8vRyRJzv/nTfOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741779203305802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同方法的展开结果及二维剖面图。(a)本文方法和TV方法; (b)LS方法; (c)TIE方法, figureFileSmall=3KE0xOrmr6rNz+qiywOBjw==, figureFileBig=PX6xHfHk8vRyRJzv/nTfOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741779555627339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741759934673127, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

RMS Error, SSIM and execution time comparison

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Noise std (σ)RMS (proposed)RMS (TV)SSIM (proposed)SSIM (TV)Time (proposed)/sTime (TV)/s
0.10.033 80.911 90.885 80.411 21.970 58.258 1
0.30.042 21.744 60.700 60.297 42.139 417.504 2
0.50.054 62.213 30.611 40.193 52.295 221.053 4
0.80.082 76.283 30.504 30.055 02.370 071.126 3
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RMS误差、SSIM及执行时间对比

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Noise std (σ)RMS (proposed)RMS (TV)SSIM (proposed)SSIM (TV)Time (proposed)/sTime (TV)/s
0.10.033 80.911 90.885 80.411 21.970 58.258 1
0.30.042 21.744 60.700 60.297 42.139 417.504 2
0.50.054 62.213 30.611 40.193 52.295 221.053 4
0.80.082 76.283 30.504 30.055 02.370 071.126 3
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基于梯度一致性的相位解包裹方法
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冯雷洁 1 , 杜虎兵 1 , 张高鹏 2 , 李燕杰 1 , 王辉 1
光子学报 | 仪器,测量,度量学 2026,55(3): 340-353
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光子学报 |仪器,测量,度量学 2026 , 55 (3) : 340 -353
基于梯度一致性的相位解包裹方法
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冯雷洁1 , 杜虎兵1 , 张高鹏2 , 李燕杰1, 王辉1
作者信息
  • 1西安工业大学 机电工程学院, 西安 710021
  • 2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 西安 710119
通讯作者:
作者简介:

冯雷洁,

Phase Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Gradient Consistency
Leijie FENG1 , Hubing DU1 , Gaopeng ZHANG2 , Yanjie LI1, Hui WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
  • 2Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312003
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为提高噪声条件下包裹相位解包裹的准确性与稳定性,提出了一种基于梯度一致性检测与积分恢复的高精度相位解包裹算法。该方法利用顺序与逆序相移解调(即对同一组的五帧条纹图分别按帧序I1 →I5与I5→I1进行相位提取)生成两幅具有相对相移的包裹相位图,通过局部梯度一致性判断精确识别噪声像素,并对这些点进行复数域局部滤波,结合梯度收敛准则实现自适应终止,显著降低过度处理风险。在获得结构优化的包裹相位图后,采用直接积分的方式高效重建连续相位。仿真与实物实验验证表明,该方法在不同噪声水平下均能稳定恢复高质量相位,具备更强的边缘保持能力与鲁棒性。

干涉测量  /  去包裹  /  三维重建  /  图像降噪  /  相位解调

The purpose of this study is to develop a robust and accurate Phase Unwrapping (PU) algorithm that can reliably recover continuous phase information from noisy wrapped phase data while preserving structural details. In many practical measurements, noise and local phase disturbances degrade the accuracy of gradient estimation, which leads to error amplification and structural distortion during the unwrapping process. To address this challenge, this work proposes a new PU framework based on gradient consistency detection and adaptive noise correction. The main objective is to accurately identify noise-corrupted pixels in the wrapped phase map and selectively suppress their influence without altering reliable phase information. By combining localized complex-domain filtering with efficient phase reconstruction, the proposed method aims to improve both reconstruction accuracy and robustness while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for practical imaging systems.

The proposed method consists of three main stages dual wrapped phase generation, gradient consistency-based noise detection, and integral phase reconstruction. First, two wrapped phase maps are obtained from the same group of fringe patterns through forward and reverse phase-shifting demodulation. Specifically, phase extraction is performed using five fringe images in the sequences I1 →I5 and I5→I1, respectively. These two wrapped phase maps represent the same underlying phase distribution but contain opposite phase-shift directions introduced during demodulation. Under ideal noise-free conditions, the spatial gradients of the two wrapped phase maps should be identical at each pixel location. Based on this property, the proposed algorithm detects noise by evaluating the gradient consistency between the primary wrapped phase and the auxiliary wrapped phase. The gradients of the two maps are computed and compared pixel-wise, and pixels whose gradient difference exceeds a predefined threshold are classified as noisy pixels. This detection strategy enables accurate localization of noise while avoiding unnecessary processing of reliable regions. Once the noisy pixels are identified, localized filtering is applied only to these pixels in the complex domain. The wrapped phase is first transformed into a complex representation to eliminate discontinuity issues caused by the 2π periodicity. A local mean filtering operation is then iteratively performed to suppress noise while maintaining phase continuity. To prevent excessive smoothing and loss of structural details, a gradient-based stopping criterion is introduced. The filtering process for each pixel terminates once the corrected gradient becomes sufficiently consistent with the reference gradient or when the maximum number of iterations is reached. This selective filtering mechanism effectively reduces noise while preserving reliable phase structures. After the noise suppression stage, the continuous phase is reconstructed through gradient integration. Instead of solving large optimization problems, the proposed method employs a fast integral reconstruction strategy. Starting from a reference point, the unwrapped phase is obtained by accumulating the denoised gradient values across the image. This approach avoids nonlinear optimization and large matrix operations, thereby significantly improving computational efficiency.

Extensive experiments were conducted using both simulated datasets and real measurement data to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In the simulation experiments, wrapped phase maps with different noise levels were generated to analyze the robustness of the algorithm under controlled conditions. The proposed method was compared with several representative phase unwrapping techniques, including the Total Variation (TV) based method, the Least-Squares (LS) method, and the Transport-of-Intensity Equation (TIE) method. Quantitative evaluation was performed using multiple performance metrics, including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and computational time. The results show that the proposed method consistently achieves lower RMSE values and higher SSIM scores across all noise levels. When the noise level is low, the proposed algorithm produces highly accurate phase reconstructions comparable to existing approaches. As the noise level increases, the advantages of the proposed method become more evident. Traditional LS and TIE methods exhibit significant error amplification due to inaccurate gradient estimation, while TV-based methods tend to oversmooth phase structures and blur sharp edges. In contrast, the proposed method effectively suppresses noise while preserving phase discontinuities and structural details. To further evaluate the stability of the algorithm, repeated experiments were performed under identical experimental conditions. Ten independent runs were conducted with different random noise realizations. The results show that the RMSE values obtained by the proposed method remain consistently low with minimal variation, indicating strong robustness and stability. In contrast, the TV method exhibits noticeable fluctuations in reconstruction error across different runs. Real-world experiments were also carried out using fringe images captured from physical samples. The test object consisted of stacked wafer surfaces forming a discontinuous phase structure. The proposed method successfully reconstructed the phase distribution and preserved sharp structural boundaries. Two-dimensional profile comparisons further demonstrate that the reconstructed phase closely matches the reference phase and maintains accurate edge information. Additionally, the computational time of the proposed method is significantly shorter than that of the TV-based method, demonstrating its efficiency advantage.

The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed phase unwrapping algorithm achieves high reconstruction accuracy, strong robustness, and efficient computational performance under various noise conditions. The method effectively suppresses noise while preserving structural details, providing a reliable solution for phase reconstruction in practical measurement environments.

Interferometric measurement  /  Phase unwrapping  /  3D reconstruction  /  Image denoising  /  Phase demodulation
冯雷洁, 杜虎兵, 张高鹏, 李燕杰, 王辉. 基于梯度一致性的相位解包裹方法. 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (3) : 340 -353 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312003
Leijie FENG, Hubing DU, Gaopeng ZHANG, Yanjie LI, Hui WANG. Phase Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Gradient Consistency[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (3) : 340 -353 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312003
相位解包裹(Phase Unwrapping, PU)是干涉测量、光学轮廓重建、合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)以及数字全息等领域中的关键技术[1-3],其目的是将受限于[-π,π)区间的包裹相位恢复为连续的绝对相位。由于相位信息是通过反正切函数间接获得,得到的相位图往往存在2π跳变,若无法正确展开,将直接影响三维形貌重建及表面测量的精度[4-5]。如何从中准确恢复连续、真实的绝对相位成为影响测量精度与稳定性的关键步骤,因此,开发高精度、鲁棒性强的相位解包裹算法具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值[6-8]。
对于不含噪声理想包裹相位图而言,相位展开是一个相对容易的问题。此时,相邻像素之间的相位变化连续,任意基于路径追踪或优化重建的算法均能稳定获得正确的全局相位。因此,从某种意义上讲,只要能够构造出一个“干净”的包裹相位图,则解包裹过程本身将极大简化。基于这一核心思想,研究者们逐步从“设计更复杂的解包裹算法”转向“如何提升包裹相位图的质量”,特别是在噪声较强或结构突变的条件下,发展鲁棒、高效的去噪技术成为解决相位展开问题的关键路径[9-10]。
传统的相位解包裹方法大致可分为路径依赖型[11-14](如洪水填充、最短路径等)与路径无关型[15-16](如最小二乘法(Least Squares, LS)、强度传输方程(Transport of Intensity Equation, TIE)等)两大类。前者依赖于从起点向整图传播的顺序和权重,容易受到局部残差或噪声的干扰,传播路径一旦错误便会产生不可逆的误差累积。路径无关型方法通常通过构建全局能量函数或物理约束模型,从整体上恢复最符合物理规律的相位分布。其中较多方法依赖于包裹相位梯度的计算,如最小二乘法,其解包裹效果对梯度估计的精度高度敏感。在噪声干扰较大时,梯度误差易被放大,从而引发边缘模糊与特征细节的丢失,影响最终重建质量。
近年来,正则化被引入相位展开任务,试图从梯度域对包裹相位图进行去噪,进而提升解包裹精度。文献[17]中的方法通过估计初始相位梯度图并在TV (Total Variation)先验下求解优化模型,具有一定的结构保持能力与抗噪特性。然而,TV方法的核心缺陷也逐渐显现:其一,在实际噪声影响下直接求梯度往往会放大相位扰动,尤其是在相位剧烈变化区域,难以保持边缘结构;其二,TV正则化过程依赖非线性优化求解,计算复杂度高、收敛缓慢,且对参数敏感;其三,TV去噪易引入过度平滑,导致真实相位细节被抹除,影响最终解包裹效果。
为克服上述问题,本文提出了一种基于梯度一致性检测与积分恢复的相位解包裹方法。该方法利用顺序和逆序相移解调,即对同一组条纹图按采集顺序与逆序顺序进行相位计算,获得两幅具有相对相移的包裹相位图,通过比较其局部梯度差异实现像素级噪声识别。基于一致性筛选结果,仅对被标记为噪声的像素进行复数域局部滤波,并引入梯度收敛准则控制滤波终止,显著降低了错误滤波与过度平滑风险。在获得结构一致性优化的包裹相位后,本文直接计算相位梯度并通过积分操作恢复连续相位图,从而在不依赖复杂正则化模型的前提下,实现快速、稳健的相位解包裹。
为提高相位展开的精度与鲁棒性,提出了一种基于梯度一致性判断准度的相位图去噪方法,直接作用于包裹相位图本身,并通过构建辅助包裹相位图,实现噪声点的精确定位与局部修正。
对于采集的五帧干涉条纹图I1~I5,通过两次解调获得主包裹相位图与辅助包裹相位图:其中,按顺序I1→I5解调得到主包裹相位图ϕw,按逆序I5→I1解调得到相对相移的辅助包裹相位图ηw。二者在空间结构上保持一致,仅存在常数相位偏移Δ,即
ϕw+Δ=ηw
式中,ϕw为主包裹相位图,ηw为辅助包裹相位图,Δ为相移偏量。
通过积分获得展开相位,其重建质量依赖于相位梯度的准确性。理想情况下,对包裹相位图通过有限差分即可获得准确的相位梯度场,但在实际测量中,包裹相位图常会受到各种噪声的影响,使得差分结果出现突变,从而在积分过程中误差累积影响了包裹相位图的展开。
利用辅助包裹相位图ηw作为参考,通过比较其与主包裹相位图ϕw的局部梯度判断当前像素是否被噪声污染。对任意像素(x,y),分别计算两图在水平方向和垂直方向上的相位差,即
Δxϕ(x,y)=Wϕw(x,y)-ϕw(x,y+1),    Δxη(x,y)=Wηw(x,y)-ηw(x,y+1)Δyϕ(x,y)=Wϕw(x,y)-ϕw(x+1,y),    Δyη(x,y)=Wηw(x,y)-ηw(x+1,y)
式中,Δϕ、Δη为主包裹相位图和辅助包裹相位图的梯度,W(·)为包裹算子
在理想情况下,若两幅包裹相位图仅存在平移或常数偏置,则其局部梯度应完全一致。若存在显著差异,则点受到噪声影响,定义梯度一致性度量为
Δϕ(x,y)-Δη(x,y)>ε
式中,ε为设定的阈值,上述条件成立,则判断该像素点为噪声点。
传统的去噪方法通常是全局滤波测量,如高斯滤波、中值滤波或者TV正则化等都是对相位图或者梯度域在全局范围内施加平滑操作以提升信噪比[18]。然而在实际测量中,噪声往往以局部性、非均匀性为特征[19],即噪声点只集中分布在散斑边界、遮挡区或低对比度区域,而其他大部分区域的相位结构是连续且可靠的。全局滤波方法在无法区分噪声点与正常像素的前提下,忽略了不同区域的噪声水平差异,容易导致无噪声区域造成不必要的模糊,破坏原有结构。滤波的程度无法确定,过度滤波可能削弱高频信息与相位跳变。
通过引入辅助包裹相位图作为参考,构建梯度一致性度量,在像素级别精确识别出受噪声影响的点,仅对这些区域执行局部滤波修正。
设某一噪声像素点为(x,y),其包裹相位值为ϕ(x,y),以该像素为中心构建其3×3邻域,采用局部均值滤波进行修复,则
ϕ(k+1)(x,y)=arg1|Nx,y|∑(i,j)∈Nx,yeiϕ(k)(i,j)
式中,ϕ(k)表示该像素在第k次迭代时的包裹相位,arg(·)表示复数幅角运算,Nx,y为邻域内有效像素个数。
在每次滤波更新后,对该像素重新计算其与辅助包裹相位图η的局部方向梯度差,即
Δx(x,y)=Wϕ'(x,y)-ϕ'(x,y+1)-Wη(x,y)-η(x,y+1)Δy(x,y)=Wϕ'(x,y)-ϕ'(x+1,y)-Wη(x,y)-η(x+1,y)
当该点满足式(6),其中ε=0.01,或者迭代达到最大迭代次数Nmax=15,即认为该像素局部梯度已收敛并终止迭代。
maxΔx(x,y),Δy(x,y))<ε
这种梯度一致性度量准则,相比于全局统一迭代控制具有更高的边缘保持能力,能够在不牺牲局部相位精度的前提下,有效避免过度滤波所带来的结构模糊。且每个噪声点可独立判断是否终止,不影响其他点的滤波,滤波的停止依据直接来源于相位结构本身,避免人为设定固定迭代步数。
在完成梯度一致性度量的局部去噪后,我们获得了一幅噪声干扰明显减少的包裹相位图ϕ^(x,y),该包裹相位图已具备良好的局部连续性,可直接作为积分展开的输入,获得连续相位图Φ(x,y)。将包裹相位图的展开问题转化为对其无跳变梯度场的构建,并通过积分对包裹相位图进行展开。
设ϕ^(x,y)∈(-π,π]表示去噪后的包裹相位图,使用差分计算其水平和垂直方向的相位梯度,即
gx(x,y)=ϕ^(x,y+1)-ϕ^(x,y)gy(x,y)=ϕ^(x+1,y)-ϕ^(x,y)
由于差分操作可能引入±2π跳变,使用标准的相位包裹算子W(·)将梯度重新压缩至主值区间,即
g˜x(x,y)=Wgx(x,y)=argeigx(x,y)g˜y(x,y)=Wgy(x,y)=argeigy(x,y)
上述操作确保所构造的梯度场g˜xg˜y在无噪声区域内接近真实梯度,在噪声区域内保持结构连续性,有利于积分过程的稳定进行。
构造梯度场后,对其进行积分以恢复连续相位图Φ(x,y),积分的基本思想是:随机选择图像中的一个起始点作为积分起点,然后沿图像行和列方向分别计算所有像素的相位值,在内部区域,结合水平与垂直方向积分路径的平均结果,以降低路径偏移引起的误差累积。具体积分过程如下。
初始化起点:Φ(1,1)=ϕ^(1,1)
第一行(从左到右)递推计算:Φ(1,y)=Φ(1,y-1)+g˜x(1,y-1),    y=2,3,…,N
第一列(从上到下)递推计算:Φ(x,1)=Φ(x-1,1)+g˜y(x-1,1),    x=2,3,…,M
其余区域双向平均积分:Φ(x,y)=12Φ(x,y-1)+g˜x(x,y-1)+Φ(x-1,y)+g˜y(x-1,y),x,y≥2。
为了直观地表述本文方法的原理,图1给出了本文相位解包裹算法完整的流程。算法首先从顺序与逆序相移解调中分别获得主包裹相位图ϕw与辅助包裹相位图ηw,计算其局部梯度差以识别噪声像素。对于检测到的噪声点,采用复数域局部均值滤波进行自适应降噪,并以梯度收敛准则作为滤波停止条件。最终对优化后的相位图执行积分运算,获得连续的展开相位。
为了验证所提出方法的有效性,在MATLAB环境下进行了仿真实验验证,相位面通过经典的peaks函数构造,生成分辨率为512×512的连续相位图,为了模拟真实干涉测量中常见的测量误差,在相位图中添加了零均值的高斯白噪声,标准差设置为σ=0.7,得到含有噪声的相位图。辅助包裹相位图的预设相移δ=4/πrad,通过包裹算子获得两个具有相移的包裹相位图。图2(a)和(b)分别是主包裹相位图和辅助包裹相位图,图2(c)为参考相位图。
考虑到TV方法与本文方法都是通过积分得到最后的包裹相位,TV方法是对包裹相位图求梯度,对梯度场进行降噪,本文方法则是直接对包裹相位图进行降噪再进行梯度求解。LS方法和TIE方法[20]是传统路径无关相位展开算法的代表。为了比较说明本文方法的性能,将其与TV算法,最小二乘法和TIE方法的重建结果进行比较。为了保证实验的可比性,将包裹相位图使用传统中值滤波方法作为预处理再使用最小二乘法和TIE方法进行展开。
图3分别给出了本文方法与TV算法、LS方法和TIE方法的重建结果及误差。通过对比分析可知,本文方法在重建精度、边缘保持能力以及局部结构还原方面均表现出明显优势。在高斯噪声标准差σ=0.7的条件下,TV方法由于其作用于梯度域,放大了原始相位中的噪声,在高噪声情况下导致后续TV正则项收敛困难,在边缘和相位陡变区域误差较大,出现不连续的错层,同时,梯度计算对噪声敏感,前期差分操作放大了相位图中的高频扰动,进一步加剧了正则项的误差累积。LS方法和TIE方法均能够大致恢复出连续相位的整体形貌,但在高频细节和边界区域仍存在毛刺,这是因为这两类方法均采用传统的滤波方法进行图像预处理,虽然能降低整体噪声水平,在消除噪声的同时,易在相位边缘区域引入平滑效应,导致边界位置偏移或相位过渡变缓,从而影响重建精度,尤其在相位突变区域出现毛刺误差。
本文方法在整体与局部重建效果方面均表现优越,是因为该方法通过像素级噪声判别与局部均值滤波机制,能够在不破坏原始相位结构的前提下,有效剔除噪声影响,同时将滤波范围严格限定于梯度不一致区域,既避免了全局过度平滑,又在局部显著抑制了高频扰动,最终输出的包裹相位图在进行积分展开时,构造出的梯度场更加稳定、均匀,有利于实现结构精确、全图连续的高质量相位恢复。
为系统评估所提出方法在不同噪声强度条件下的重建性能和鲁棒性,在高斯噪声标准差分别为σ=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.8的情况下,与TV方法的相位展开结果进行了比较。需要指出的是,本文方法和TV方法在相位展开阶段均采用不同于传统滤波方法的降噪策略,且在降噪阶段的处理方式也不同:TV方法首先对包裹相位图进行差分,获得梯度图后在梯度域施加TV正则化以实现平滑;而本文方法则直接在原始包裹相位图上进行梯度一致性度量的局部降噪,通过辅助相图判别噪声点,仅在局部区域执行复数域滤波,并通过梯度一致性准则实现迭代自适应终止。
由图4和图5所示,在较低噪声水平(σ=0.1)下,TV方法的重建结果在边缘区域出现台阶状错层现象,误差集中分布于结构边界,随着噪声的增大,TV方法重建结果中出现愈加明显的毛刺和局部突起,误差在边缘及曲率剧烈变化区域显著增大,表明其梯度估计对高斯噪声极为敏感,当噪声增大至σ=0.8时,TV方法基本失效,重建结果中出现大面积相位断层与结构畸变。由表1可知,随着噪声的增大,TV方法耗时增大,在σ=0.8时,TV方法的耗时高达71 s,表明在随着噪声的增大TV正则化收敛困难、稳定性差。而本文方法在不同噪声条件下仍能有效重建连续相位图,误差主要集中在噪声密集区域,整体结构稳定,且计算时间控制在2.4 s以内,显著优于TV方法。为了验证算法的稳定性,图5(c)展示了本文方法的10次独立重复实验。由图可以看出本文方法在10次实验中的RMS误差波动极小;而TV方法的误差存在大幅波动。结果表明,所提出方法在多次重复实验中能够保持一致的展开精度,体现出较强的鲁棒性。
图6为LS方法和TIE方法在不同高斯噪声条件下,无滤波和采用传统中值滤波预处理情况下的重建结果与误差分布。分析图6结果可知,随着噪声强度增加,未滤波的LS方法和TIE方法展现出显著退化趋势,相位误差大幅增长,尤其在边缘与高频结构区域表现出明显的毛刺与断裂。而加入中值滤波后,相位误差整体得到了缓解,重建的连续性有所提升。然而,从误差图中可以观察到,尽管中值滤波有效压制了大范围均匀噪声,但误差仍集中于相位梯度突变区域,呈现出边缘模糊、细节丢失等现象。
为进一步验证本文方法在降噪阶段对相位结构的保持能力,以及所恢复梯度在后续积分展开中的可靠性,图7展示了理想情况下的∂ϕ/∂x和∂ϕ/∂y,以及在不同噪声情况下本文方法和TV方法的∂ϕ/∂x和∂ϕ/∂y。由图7分析可知,随着噪声水平的增大,TV方法在边缘处出现明显的纹理断层与轮廓模糊,这是因为TV方法在梯度域进行了全图正则化,造成平滑过度,导致真实边缘和跳变特征被削弱甚至误判。相比之下,本文方法仍能较为准确地还原出边缘结构与主要梯度趋势,说明本文方法在梯度一致性驱动下的相位域降噪机制更具局部自适应性,尤其在结构突变区域能实现选择性修复而非全图平均。同样地,在噪声水平达到σ=0.8时,TV方法几乎无法辨识有效结构,而本文方法虽在细节部分有所衰减,但整体结构仍保持清晰的轮廓与梯度方向,边界信息完整,未出现明显断层或方向紊乱。进一步验证了本文降噪策略的稳定性和在强噪声条件下的鲁棒性,尤其体现在其对真实梯度方向的保真性上,为后续积分展开提供了更可靠的梯度基础。
综上分析,TV方法由于依赖梯度域的全局优化,在噪声放大背景下难以兼顾噪声抑制与结构保持,导致其梯度估计不稳定。传统滤波方法在抑制孤立噪声点方面具有良好性能,但缺乏结构判别能力,无法有效区分真实边缘与噪声跳变,进而导致相位结构发生平滑退化。尤其在高阶梯度或边缘区域,会引入不必要的模糊,使得该区域的相位梯度估计失真,影响后续展开精度。而本文方法通过直接对包裹相位图进行结构引导降噪,避免了噪声在差分过程中被放大,同时对边界信息具有较强保护能力,因此在不同噪声条件下均能更准确地还原相位结构的真实梯度,为高精度相位重建奠定了基础。
为进一步验证本文提出的相位展开方法在实际干涉测量任务中的有效性与适应性,选取典型实验干涉条纹图进行测试分析,并与TV正则化方法及路径无关型展开算法中的LS方法和TIE方法进行比较。图8(a)和(b)为采集的五帧相移干涉条纹图中的前两帧,图8(c)与(d)分别为经相位解调后获得的主包裹相位图和辅助包裹相位图。
图9(a)展示了本文方法与传统TV正则化展开方法的相位重建结果对比。由重建结果可知,本文方法所得结果,重建的相位面光滑连续,整体结构清晰无明显突变,表明所提出的梯度一致性驱动降噪算法有效提升了梯度的可靠性,并成功实现了高质量的积分展开。而TV方法结果中,存在大量密集的相位跳变与局部断裂,尤其沿相位梯度方向表现出明显的“台阶状”伪影,说明TV模型在该类结构复杂、高频干扰较强的图像中存在鲁棒性不足、易过拟合的问题。
进一步地,图9(b)展示了在LS方法与TIE方法中应用中值滤波前后的展开效果。未进行滤波处理的直接展开结果,在整体形貌上虽能一定程度上重构原始相位趋势,但边缘区域和高频噪声区域存在显著毛刺与非物理跳变;引入中值滤波后,展开结果的连续性有所改善,误差波动整体减小。但在边缘部分出现了结构模糊与特征塌陷,部分真实相位梯度信息被误滤,影响重建精度。
为进一步验证本文算法在复杂实际场景中的稳健性与适应性,本文通过将两块硅晶圆垂直叠放构成,形成具有高度不连续性的复合表面形貌。图10(a)与(b)分别为采集条纹图中的前两帧,图10(c)与(d)为解调后获得的主包裹相位图和辅助包裹相位图。图11中展示了本文方法与TV方法的重建结果对比,其中左侧为三维相位图,右侧为沿第190行截取的二维剖面线,直观展示不连续区域的相位恢复表现。
从图11(a)中可以清晰观察到,TV方法在重建过程中存在严重的断层现象,剖面线中呈现出明显的台阶状突变,尤其在晶圆连接边界处,梯度信息无法连续传播,导致相位值出现跳变误差。这种现象反映出TV正则化在处理高幅度非连续结构时存在结构模糊与局部收敛失败的缺陷。而本文方法在前期通过辅助相移图实现了精确噪声识别与局部滤波,最大程度地保留了原始相位结构的连续性与边缘特征,在图2的剖面图中呈现出一致平滑的相位过渡,充分说明了所提方法对于边界复杂、结构不连续目标具有更高的恢复精度与鲁棒性。
图11(b)进一步给出了LS方法与TIE方法的重建结果,并分别展示滤波前后的相位图及剖面曲线。实验中采用中值滤波对包裹相位图进行预处理。可以发现,在未滤波情况下,LS方法与TIE方法的剖面线出现不同程度的波动,存在大量高频毛刺与结构跳变;滤波后虽然整体误差有所抑制,但突变区域仍然存在误差残留或边界模糊。
综上所述,本文方法通过构建辅助包裹相位图并结合梯度一致性判据,实现了对包裹相位图的自适应噪声抑制,在相位恢复中展现出更优的连贯性、边缘保真性与抗噪鲁棒性。无论在连续曲面还是存在突变结构的复杂目标上,本文方法均优于传统TV、LS及TIE方法,充分验证了其作为高精度相位展开技术的可行性与优越性。
本文提出了一种梯度一致性驱动的相位解包裹算法,针对噪声干扰大的干涉相位图展开问题,建立了一种从原始包裹相位图直接构造高质量梯度并实现积分恢复的完整解决方案。与传统路径构建方法或梯度优化模型不同,本文方法通过引入辅助包裹相位图,构建像素级一致性判据,准确识别并定位噪声干扰区域,并在保持相位边缘结构的前提下实现局部、定向的复数域滤波处理,有效提升了相位梯度估计的准确性与结构保真性。在此基础上,通过积分完成全图相位重建。大量仿真实验与真实干涉条纹测试表明,本文方法在不同噪声水平下均表现出更高的重建精度、更强的结构保持能力和更快的处理速度。尤其在强噪声条件下,本文方法仍能快速稳定地输出高质量相位结果,展现出优越的抗噪性和工程实用性。综上所述,本文所提出的相位展开算法在理论设计与实际性能上均具显著优势,为复杂环境下的高精度相位重建提供了新的有效途径。

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2026年第55卷第3期
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doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312003
  • 接收时间:2025-10-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14
  • 录用日期:2025-12-01
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    1西安工业大学 机电工程学院, 西安 710021
    2中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 西安 710119

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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