Article(id=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355102, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765814400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1769443200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-27, onlineDate=1791626849057, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791626849057, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791626849057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791626849057, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315741514865689424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='378', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791626822438, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791626932547, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=32, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315741626710999626, articleId=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Advances in Broadband Arbitrary Waveform Optical Synthesis Based on Mode-locked Optoelectronic Oscillators (Invited), columnId=1315741516451136338, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Special Issue for Microwave Photonics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The ability to generate dynamically reconfigurable broadband arbitrary waveforms is of paramount importance for advanced radar imaging, next-generation wireless communications, integrated sensing and communication, and electronic warfare systems. These applications demand waveforms with large time-bandwidth products, complex modulation, and low phase noise to ensure high resolution, superior data throughput, and robust anti-jamming resilience. However, traditional electronic approaches are fundamentally constrained by the electronic bottleneck, which severely restricts instantaneous bandwidth, tuning agility and power efficiency, particularly at high frequencies. In this context, microwave photonics has emerged as a transformative paradigm by leveraging the intrinsic advantages of photonic technologies, including ultra-wide bandwidth, low transmission loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this field, opto-electronic oscillators are well known for generating microwave signals with ultra-high spectral purity, which is enabled by high-quality-factor resonators formed using long optical fiber delay lines. However, the inherently single-frequency nature of conventional opto-electronic oscillators renders them ill-suited for complex and wideband waveform synthesis.

The incorporation of mode-locking mechanism into opto-electronic oscillator architectures has given rise to mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators, representing a major breakthrough that enables the coherent synthesis of broadband waveforms while maintaining low phase noise. This review systematically presents three representative mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator architectures: the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator, and the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator. The Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs a high-speed tunable filter that is periodically scanned in synchronization with the cavity round-trip time, thereby creating a dynamic spectral storage mechanism that enables the sequential amplification of distinct frequency components. Initially demonstrated for the generation of wideband linear frequency-modulated waveforms, the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator has since evolved to produce dual-chirp signals, phase-coded linear frequency-modulated waveforms, and fully programmable arbitrary waveforms through precise control of the filter scanning trajectory. In contrast to the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator introduces an external broadband seed signal, typically generated by an arbitrary waveform generator, into a free-running opto-electronic oscillator cavity. The high-quality-factor resonator functions as a spectral purifier, substantially reducing phase noise and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio while faithfully replicating the modulation profile of the injected seed signal. Alternately, the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs periodic gain modulation at a frequency matched to the cavity free spectral range or its harmonics, thereby actively phase-locking multiple longitudinal modes to form a coherent microwave frequency comb that manifests as a pulse train in the time domain. The active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator facilitates precise repetition-rate control and has evolved to support tunable dual-band operation, multidimensional pulse coding (time, phase, and amplitude), and fully programmable architectures for seamless switching between diverse waveform formats.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and system architectures for each approach, alongside a comparative evaluation of critical metrics such as bandwidth, phase noise, and time-bandwidth product. The wideband arbitrary waveforms generated by mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators hold great potentials for various applications. In high-resolution radar and imaging, these waveforms provide the bandwidth necessary to achieve millimeter-scale spatial resolution while ensuring robust resilience against electronic interference. In integrated sensing and communication systems, the wideband microwave signals leverage a unified hardware platform to support high-throughput communications alongside high-resolution sensing, effectively eliminating the trade-offs between data rate and detection accuracy. Furthermore, in advanced LiDAR systems, such waveforms support high-fidelity 4D imaging, capturing 3D structural details and instantaneous Doppler velocity with millimeter-level accuracy.

Future research is expected to advance along several key frontiers multi-material hybrid integration using materials such as InP, Si3N4, and LiNbO3 to realize compact, stable, chip-scale devices; extension of high-frequency and ultra-wideband operation into the millimeter-wave and terahertz regimes; and the realization of software-defined, intelligent reconfiguration enabled by artificial intelligence for cognitive waveform adaptation. In summary, mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators constitute a versatile and powerful photonic platform that effectively overcomes the electronic bottleneck. They establish a robust foundation for the generation of wideband software-defined microwave waveforms, which are essential for advancing next-generation radar, communication, and sensing systems.

, authors=Bin WANG1, 2, Yangteng ZHANG1, 2, Xinlin ZHU1, 2, Rui ZHU1, 2, Xu HONG1, 2, Weifeng ZHANG1, 2, authorsList=Bin WANG, Yangteng ZHANG, Xinlin ZHU, Rui ZHU, Xu HONG, Weifeng ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weifeng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315741631593169515, articleId=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术进展(特邀), columnId=1315741519718494875, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=“微波光子学”专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

宽带任意波形作为现代电子系统的核心信息载体,其波形质量直接决定了系统在探测精度、抗干扰能力、频谱效率、数据传输速率等方面的关键性能指标。然而,传统电子学生成方法受限于“电子瓶颈”,在信号带宽、调谐灵活性等方面面临严峻挑战。微波光子信号产生技术以其大带宽、低相噪和灵活的信号重构能力,为突破上述局限提供了新的技术路径。在微波信号光学合成架构中,光电振荡器作为产生高纯度微波信号的核心方案之一,受到广泛关注。在此基础上发展出的锁模光电振荡器,进一步拓展了生成信号的带宽与调制格式,为宽带任意波形的光学合成奠定了关键技术基础。本文系统性地介绍了基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术。首先,深入阐述了傅里叶域锁模、宽带注入锁定与主动锁模三类典型锁模光电振荡器的工作原理。在此基础上,全面梳理并对比了本课题组及相关团队在该领域的代表性成果,进而探讨了该技术在高分辨率雷达、通感一体化、激光雷达成像等领域的应用潜力,最后对该技术存在的关键挑战与潜在研究方向进行了总结与展望。

, authors=王彬1, 2, 张扬腾1, 2, 朱薪霖1, 2, 朱睿1, 2, 洪旭1, 2, 张伟锋1, 2, authorsList=王彬, 张扬腾, 朱薪霖, 朱睿, 洪旭, 张伟锋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张伟锋, authorNote=

王彬,

, correspAuthorsNote=
张伟锋,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=n8rG//NxCQLnBV0JPzQQwQ==, magXml=a5rNOuaaDTjGeRscbLDSEA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3yHBQqUdAPnbr/MErJ18NQ==, pdfFileSize=12156850, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qHntdhE9Y9/mLHreVxsjQg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BLfQ8Fkf4+OlwV0P07t4+Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1315741631974851187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bin_wang@bit.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632071320182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741631974851187, language=EN, stringName=Bin WANG, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632151011959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741631974851187, language=CN, stringName=王彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio={"content":"

王彬,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王彬,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632222315129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632297812604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632222315129, language=EN, stringName=Yangteng ZHANG, firstName=Yangteng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632360727165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632222315129, language=CN, stringName=张扬腾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632436224639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632520110722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632436224639, language=EN, stringName=Xinlin ZHU, firstName=Xinlin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632591413891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632436224639, language=CN, stringName=朱薪霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632662717061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632738214536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632662717061, language=EN, stringName=Rui ZHU, firstName=Rui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632809517705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632662717061, language=CN, stringName=朱睿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632889209483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632985678478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632889209483, language=EN, stringName=Xu HONG, firstName=Xu, middleName=null, lastName=HONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633065370255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632889209483, language=CN, stringName=洪旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741633153450641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=weifeng.zhang@bit.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633241531028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741633153450641, language=EN, stringName=Weifeng ZHANG, firstName=Weifeng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633312834197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741633153450641, language=CN, stringName=张伟锋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1315741633400914582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Broadband arbitrary waveforms), Keyword(id=1315741633476412056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Optoelectronic oscillator), Keyword(id=1315741633560298137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Fourier domain mode locking), Keyword(id=1315741635162522266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Wideband injection locking), Keyword(id=1315741635242214043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Active mode locking), Keyword(id=1315741635334488732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=宽带任意波形), Keyword(id=1315741635397403293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=光电振荡器), Keyword(id=1315741635468706462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=傅里叶域锁模), Keyword(id=1315741635577758367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=宽带注入锁定), Keyword(id=1315741635644867232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=主动锁模)], refs=[Reference(id=1315741640652866247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=62, issue=4, pageStart=40301, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=LONG T, LIANG Z, LIU Q, journalName=Science China Information Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LONG T, LIANG Z, LIU Q. Advanced technology of high-resolution radar: target detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2019, 62(4): 40301., articleTitle=Advanced technology of high-resolution radar: target detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741640724169416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=BELLALTA B, BONONI L, BRUNO R, journalName=Computer Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BELLALTA B, BONONI L, BRUNO R, et al. Next generation IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks: current status, future directions and open challenges[J]. Computer Communications, 2016, 75: 1-25., articleTitle=Next generation IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks: current status, future directions and open challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741640791278281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=633, pageEnd=644, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=SPEZIO A E, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SPEZIO A E. Electronic warfare systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, 50(3): 633-644., articleTitle=Electronic warfare systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741640870970058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=70, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=KODHELI O, LAGUNAS E, MATURO N, journalName=IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KODHELI O, LAGUNAS E, MATURO N, et al. Satellite communications in the new space era: a survey and future challenges[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2020, 23(1): 70-109., articleTitle=Satellite communications in the new space era: a survey and future challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741640938078923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=14, issue=8-9, pageStart=663, pageEnd=670, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=O'SULLIVAN C K, GUILBAULT G G, journalName=Biosensors and bioelectronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O'SULLIVAN C K, GUILBAULT G G. Commercial quartz crystal microbalances-theory and applications[J]. Biosensors and bioelectronics, 1999, 14(8-9): 663-670., articleTitle=Commercial quartz crystal microbalances-theory and applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641009382092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1981, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=754, pageEnd=770, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=PLOURDE J K, REN C L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PLOURDE J K, REN C L. Application of dielectric resonators in microwave components[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1981, 29(8): 754-770., articleTitle=Application of dielectric resonators in microwave components, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641080685261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=416, issue=null, pageStart=202, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=XIE Z, ZHENG X, LI S, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Z, ZHENG X, LI S, et al. An injection-locked OEO based frequency doubler independent of electrical doubler phase noise deteriorating rule[J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 416: 202-206., articleTitle=An injection-locked OEO based frequency doubler independent of electrical doubler phase noise deteriorating rule, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641147794126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=314, pageEnd=335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=YAO J, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO J. Microwave photonics[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(3): 314-335., articleTitle=Microwave photonics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641219097295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=31, issue=4, pageStart=571, pageEnd=586, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=CAPMANY J, MORA J, GASULLA I, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAPMANY J, MORA J, GASULLA I, et al. Microwave photonic signal processing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 31(4): 571-586., articleTitle=Microwave photonic signal processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641302983376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=506, pageEnd=538, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=MARPAUNG D, ROELOFFZEN C, HEIDEMAN R, journalName=Laser & Photonics Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARPAUNG D, ROELOFFZEN C, HEIDEMAN R, et al. Integrated microwave photonics[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2013, 7(4): 506-538., articleTitle=Integrated microwave photonics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641382675153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=519, pageEnd=532, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=PÉREZ D, GASULLA I, CAPMANY J, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PÉREZ D, GASULLA I, CAPMANY J. Toward programmable microwave photonics processors[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017, 36(2): 519-532., articleTitle=Toward programmable microwave photonics processors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641483338450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=COLDREN L A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COLDREN L A. Photonic integrated circuits for microwave photonics[C]. 2010 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. IEEE, 2010: 1-4., articleTitle=Photonic integrated circuits for microwave photonics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641550447315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=643, pageEnd=650, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=SERAFINO G, SCOTTI F, LEMBO L, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SERAFINO G, SCOTTI F, LEMBO L, et al. Toward a new generation of radar systems based on microwave photonic technologies[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(2): 643-650., articleTitle=Toward a new generation of radar systems based on microwave photonic technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641646916308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=21, pageStart=5048, pageEnd=5057, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=MORTON P A, MORTON M J, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORTON P A, MORTON M J. High-power, ultra-low noise hybrid lasers for microwave photonics and optical sensing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2018, 36(21): 5048-5057., articleTitle=High-power, ultra-low noise hybrid lasers for microwave photonics and optical sensing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641722413781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=373, issue=null, pageStart=44, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=WU J, PENG J, LIU B, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU J, PENG J, LIU B, et al. Passive silicon photonic devices for microwave photonic signal processing[J]. Optics Communications, 2016, 373: 44-52., articleTitle=Passive silicon photonic devices for microwave photonic signal processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641810494166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=19, pageStart=21144, pageEnd=21158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=PANDA S S S, PANIGRAHI T, PARNE S R, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANDA S S S, PANIGRAHI T, PARNE S R, et al. Recent advances and future directions of microwave photonic radars: a review[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(19): 21144-21158., articleTitle=Recent advances and future directions of microwave photonic radars: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641881797335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=21, issue=12, pageStart=3020, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=MCKINNEY J D, SEO D, LEAIRD D E, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCKINNEY J D, SEO D, LEAIRD D E, et al. Photonically assisted generation of arbitrary millimeter-wave and microwave electromagnetic waveforms via direct space-to-time optical pulse shaping[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(12): 3020., articleTitle=Photonically assisted generation of arbitrary millimeter-wave and microwave electromagnetic waveforms via direct space-to-time optical pulse shaping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741641986654936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=660, pageEnd=662, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=ZEITOUNY A, STEPANOV S, LEVINSON O, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZEITOUNY A, STEPANOV S, LEVINSON O, et al. Optical generation of linearly chirped microwave pulses using fiber Bragg gratings[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(3): 660-662., articleTitle=Optical generation of linearly chirped microwave pulses using fiber Bragg gratings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642062152409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=19, issue=9, pageStart=668, pageEnd=670, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=CHI H, ZENG F, YAO J, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHI H, ZENG F, YAO J. Photonic generation of microwave signals based on pulse shaping[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(9): 668-670., articleTitle=Photonic generation of microwave signals based on pulse shaping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642133455578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=28, issue=11, pageStart=1652, pageEnd=1660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=WANG C, YAO J, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG C, YAO J. Large time-bandwidth product microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a spatially discrete chirped fiber Bragg grating[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2010, 28(11): 1652-1660., articleTitle=Large time-bandwidth product microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a spatially discrete chirped fiber Bragg grating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642217341659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=21, issue=20, pageStart=23107, pageEnd=23115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=GAO H, LEI C, CHEN M, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO H, LEI C, CHEN M, et al. A simple photonic generation of linearly chirped microwave pulse with large time-bandwidth product and high compression ratio[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(20): 23107-23115., articleTitle=A simple photonic generation of linearly chirped microwave pulse with large time-bandwidth product and high compression ratio, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642334782172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=5, issue=12, pageStart=728, pageEnd=730, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=MALEKI L, journalName=Nature Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MALEKI L. The optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(12): 728-730., articleTitle=The optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642410279645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=2, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=HAO T, LIU Y, TANG J, journalName=Advanced Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, LIU Y, TANG J, et al. Recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators[J]. Advanced Photonics, 2020, 2(4): 044001., articleTitle=Recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741642481582814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=LI M, HAO T, LI W, journalName=APL Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI M, HAO T, LI W, et al. Tutorial on optoelectronic oscillators[J]. APL Photonics, 2021, 6(6): 061101., articleTitle=Tutorial on optoelectronic oscillators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644104778465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=CHEMBO Y K, BRUNNER D, JACQUOT M, journalName=Reviews of Modern Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEMBO Y K, BRUNNER D, JACQUOT M, et al. Optoelectronic oscillators with time-delayed feedback[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2019, 91(3): 035006., articleTitle=Optoelectronic oscillators with time-delayed feedback, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644213830370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=807, pageEnd=809, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=YANG J, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG J. An optical domain combined dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(11): 807-809., articleTitle=An optical domain combined dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644327076579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=YAO X S, DAVIS L, MALEKI L, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO X S, DAVIS L, MALEKI L. Coupled optoelectronic oscillators for generating both RF signal and optical pulses[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2002, 18(1): 73-78., articleTitle=Coupled optoelectronic oscillators for generating both RF signal and optical pulses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644415156964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=13, pageStart=771, pageEnd=774, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=HASANUZZAMAN G K M, IEZEKIEL S, KANNO A, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HASANUZZAMAN G K M, IEZEKIEL S, KANNO A. W-band optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2020, 32(13): 771-774., articleTitle=W-band optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644486460133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIU Y, HAO T, LI W, journalName=Light: Science & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y, HAO T, LI W, et al. Observation of parity-time symmetry in microwave photonics[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2018, 7(1): 38., articleTitle=Observation of parity-time symmetry in microwave photonics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644570346214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=3217, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=ZHANG J, LI L, WANG G, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, LI L, WANG G, et al. Parity-time symmetry in wavelength space within a single spatial resonator[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3217., articleTitle=Parity-time symmetry in wavelength space within a single spatial resonator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644645843687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=1839, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=HAO T, CEN Q, DAI Y, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, CEN Q, DAI Y, et al. Breaking the limitation of mode building time in an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1839., articleTitle=Breaking the limitation of mode building time in an optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644712952552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=5, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=LIU M, LIU S, ZHU N, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU M, LIU S, ZHU N, et al. Low phase noise wideband LFM signal generation by injection-locking an optoelectronic oscillator[C]. Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, Optica Publishing Group, 2021: JS3D. 5., articleTitle=Low phase noise wideband LFM signal generation by injection-locking an optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644809421545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=22, pageStart=33220, pageEnd=33227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=YANG B, ZHAO H, CAO Z, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG B, ZHAO H, CAO Z, et al. Active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2020, 28(22): 33220-33227., articleTitle=Active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644863947498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=30, issue=21, pageStart=1842, pageEnd=1845, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=HAO T, TANG J, LI W, journalName=IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, TANG J, LI W, et al. Tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator using stimulated Brillouin scattering[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2018, 30(21): 1842-1845., articleTitle=Tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator using stimulated Brillouin scattering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741644947833579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=26, pageStart=43731, pageEnd=43744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=ZHU R, XU M, LIU Q, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU R, XU M, LIU Q, et al. Photonic generation of flexible ultra-wide linearly-chirped microwave waveforms[J]. Optics Express, 2021, 29(26): 43731-43744., articleTitle=Photonic generation of flexible ultra-wide linearly-chirped microwave waveforms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645010748140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1912, pageEnd=1915, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=HAO T, TANG J, SHI N, journalName=Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, TANG J, SHI N, et al. Dual-chirp Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2019, 44(8): 1912-1915., articleTitle=Dual-chirp Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645086245613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=459, issue=null, pageStart=124938, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=LIU R, WANG A, DU P, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU R, WANG A, DU P, et al. Simultaneous generation of ultra-wideband LFM and phase-coded LFM microwave waveforms based on an improved frequency-sweeping OEO[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 459: 124938., articleTitle=Simultaneous generation of ultra-wideband LFM and phase-coded LFM microwave waveforms based on an improved frequency-sweeping OEO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645212074734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=19, pageStart=6033, pageEnd=6044, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=CHEN Y, ZUO P, SHI T, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Y, ZUO P, SHI T. Optoelectronic oscillator for arbitrary microwave waveform generation[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2021, 39(19): 6033-6044., articleTitle=Optoelectronic oscillator for arbitrary microwave waveform generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645270794991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=19, pageStart=6199, pageEnd=6207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=HONG X, CHENG Y, WANG B, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG X, CHENG Y, WANG B, et al. On-chip photonic generation of tunable wideband phase-coded linearly-chirped microwave waveforms[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2023, 41(19): 6199-6207., articleTitle=On-chip photonic generation of tunable wideband phase-coded linearly-chirped microwave waveforms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645350486768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=16, pageStart=5476, pageEnd=5484, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=HONG X, YU Z, YU W, WANG B, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG X, YU Z, YU W, WANG B, et al. Independently tunable dual-band linearly-chirped microwave waveforms generation on a silicon photonic chip[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2024, 42(16), 5476-5484., articleTitle=Independently tunable dual-band linearly-chirped microwave waveforms generation on a silicon photonic chip, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645417595633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=72, issue=11, pageStart=6678, pageEnd=6685, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=LIU M, LIU S, YANG L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU M, LIU S, YANG L, et al. Improving the quality of arbitrary periodic waveform via injection-locking of an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 72(11): 6678-6685., articleTitle=Improving the quality of arbitrary periodic waveform via injection-locking of an optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645509870322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=21, pageStart=7693, pageEnd=7702, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=ZHANG W, LIU Y, WANG B, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W, LIU Y, WANG B. Low-phase-noise ultra-wide arbitrary waveforms generation using a wideband injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(21): 7693-7702., articleTitle=Low-phase-noise ultra-wide arbitrary waveforms generation using a wideband injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645585367795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=9, pageStart=2107, pageEnd=2110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=42, authorNames=ZENG Z, ZHANG L, ZHANG Y, journalName=Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Z, ZHANG L, ZHANG Y, et al. Microwave pulse generation via employing an electric signal modulator to achieve time-domain mode locking in an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46(9): 2107-2110., articleTitle=Microwave pulse generation via employing an electric signal modulator to achieve time-domain mode locking in an optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645665059572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=15, pageStart=23835, pageEnd=23846, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=43, authorNames=WU Y, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Y, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, et al. Modeling an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on electric amplitude modulation[J]. Optics Express, 2021, 29(15): 23835-23846., articleTitle=Modeling an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on electric amplitude modulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645740557045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=146, issue=null, pageStart=107563, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=44, authorNames=WO J, ZHANG J, WANG Y, journalName=Optics & Laser Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WO J, ZHANG J, WANG Y. Actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for microwave pulse generation[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2022, 146: 107563., articleTitle=Actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for microwave pulse generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645832831734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=61, issue=24, pageStart=7071, pageEnd=7077, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=LIN C, WANG Y, WANG A, journalName=Applied Optics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN C, WANG Y, WANG A, et al. Active mode lock optoelectronic oscillator based on the simulated Brillouin scattering effect[J]. Applied Optics, 2022, 61(24): 7071-7077., articleTitle=Active mode lock optoelectronic oscillator based on the simulated Brillouin scattering effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645904134903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=15, pageStart=27132, pageEnd=27139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=46, authorNames=YANG B, YU J, CHI H, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG B, YU J, CHI H, et al. Polarization multiplexed active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator for frequency tunable dual-band microwave pulse signals generation[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(15): 27132-27139., articleTitle=Polarization multiplexed active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator for frequency tunable dual-band microwave pulse signals generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741645992215288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=14, pageStart=25380, pageEnd=25389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=47, authorNames=LIU P, SHI S, LU M, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU P, SHI S, LU M, et al. Tunable microwave frequency comb generation using a Si3N4-MDR based actively mode-locked OEO[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(14): 25380-25389., articleTitle=Tunable microwave frequency comb generation using a Si3N4-MDR based actively mode-locked OEO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646067712761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=23, pageStart=8221, pageEnd=8228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=48, authorNames=WANG B, LIU Y, JIANG Y, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG B, LIU Y, JIANG Y, et al. Frequency-tunable microwave pulse generation using a dual-drive active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(23): 8221-8228., articleTitle=Frequency-tunable microwave pulse generation using a dual-drive active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646134821626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=73, issue=12, pageStart=8221, pageEnd=8228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=49, authorNames=XU Z, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Z, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, et al. Coherent microwave pulse train generation with encoded position and phase in actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(12): 8221-8228., articleTitle=Coherent microwave pulse train generation with encoded position and phase in actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646206124795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=73, issue=11, pageStart=9381, pageEnd=9391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=50, authorNames=WANG B, TONG J, YAN R, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG B, TONG J, YAN R, et al. Programmable mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for wideband arbitrary microwave waveforms generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(11): 9381-9391., articleTitle=Programmable mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for wideband arbitrary microwave waveforms generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646277427964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=17, pageStart=30303, pageEnd=30311, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=51, authorNames=LI B, WU R H, WANG Z Y, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B, WU R H, WANG Z Y, et al. Rational number harmonic mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator with low supermode noise and low intermodulation distortions[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(17): 30303-30311., articleTitle=Rational number harmonic mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator with low supermode noise and low intermodulation distortions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646352925437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=19, pageStart=6760, pageEnd=6766, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=52, authorNames=ZHANG Y, LI J, MENG C, journalName=Journal of Lightwave Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y, LI J, MENG C, et al. Actively mode-locked modulator-free optoelectronic oscillator for multi-functional microwave pulse generation[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(19): 6760-6766., articleTitle=Actively mode-locked modulator-free optoelectronic oscillator for multi-functional microwave pulse generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646453588734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=718, pageEnd=721, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=53, authorNames=ZENG Z, LIU Y, XU Z, journalName=Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Z, LIU Y, XU Z, et al. Position-definable coherent microwave pulse train generation in an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2025, 50(3): 718-721., articleTitle=Position-definable coherent microwave pulse train generation in an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646533280511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=73, issue=11, pageStart=9361, pageEnd=9368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=54, authorNames=DU C, LIU S, YANG L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU C, LIU S, YANG L, et al. Low-spurious multiformat microwave signal generation based on an actively mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(11): 9361-9368., articleTitle=Low-spurious multiformat microwave signal generation based on an actively mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646604583680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=73, issue=8, pageStart=5316, pageEnd=5326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=55, authorNames=MA C, WANG X, DING Z, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA C, WANG X, DING Z, et al. High-resolution microwave photonic sparse imaging radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(8): 5316-5326., articleTitle=High-resolution microwave photonic sparse imaging radar, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646671692545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=22, pageStart=40936, pageEnd=40950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=56, authorNames=DONG B, JIA J, LI G, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG B, JIA J, LI G, et al. Demonstration of photonics-based flexible integration of sensing and communication with adaptive waveforms for a W-band fiber-wireless integrated network[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(22): 40936-40950., articleTitle=Demonstration of photonics-based flexible integration of sensing and communication with adaptive waveforms for a W-band fiber-wireless integrated network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646742995714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=57, authorNames=TIAN J, TONG J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN J, TONG J, et al. High-precision 4D parallel LiDAR based on dual electro-optic combs and injection-locked OEO[C]//2025 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP)., articleTitle=High-precision 4D parallel LiDAR based on dual electro-optic combs and injection-locked OEO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646826881795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=12257, pageEnd=12265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=58, authorNames=TANG J, HAO T, LI W, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J, HAO T, LI W, et al. Integrated optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(9): 12257-12265., articleTitle=Integrated optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646889796356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=16929, pageEnd=16938, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=59, authorNames=ZHANG G, HAO T, CEN Q, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG G, HAO T, CEN Q, et al. Hybrid-integrated wideband tunable optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2023, 31(10): 16929-16938., articleTitle=Hybrid-integrated wideband tunable optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741646965293829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=9, pageStart=2618, pageEnd=2629, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=60, authorNames=LI M, GUO L, SUN D, journalName=Photonics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI M, GUO L, SUN D, et al. Integrated coupled optoelectronic oscillator for ultra-low-noise and ultra-wideband tunable microwave generation[J]. Photonics Research, 2025, 13(9): 2618-2629., articleTitle=Integrated coupled optoelectronic oscillator for ultra-low-noise and ultra-wideband tunable microwave generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741648622043912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=5724, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=61, authorNames=GE Z, HAO T, CAPMANY J, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GE Z, HAO T, CAPMANY J, et al. Broadband random optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 5724., articleTitle=Broadband random optoelectronic oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741648718512905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=62, authorNames=HAO T, CEN Q, GUAN S, journalName=Light: Science & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, CEN Q, GUAN S, et al. Optoelectronic parametric oscillator[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2020, 9(1): 102., articleTitle=Optoelectronic parametric oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741648798204682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=8710, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=63, authorNames=LI M, HAO T, LI G, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI M, HAO T, LI G, et al. Time-variant parity-time symmetry in frequency-scanning systems[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 8710., articleTitle=Time-variant parity-time symmetry in frequency-scanning systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741648873702155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=5, pageStart=1280, pageEnd=1289, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=64, authorNames=HAO T, DING H, LI W, journalName=Photonics research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO T, DING H, LI W, et al. Dissipative microwave photonic solitons in spontaneous frequency-hopping optoelectronic oscillators[J]. Photonics research, 2022, 10(5): 1280-1289., articleTitle=Dissipative microwave photonic solitons in spontaneous frequency-hopping optoelectronic oscillators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741648940811020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=333, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=65, authorNames=CEN Q, DING H, HAO T, journalName=Light: Science & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CEN Q, DING H, HAO T, et al. Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022, 11(1): 333., articleTitle=Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315741649028891405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=6, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=66, authorNames=HU Z, REN Y, MENG Y, journalName=Light: Science & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Z, REN Y, MENG Y, et al. Programmable optoelectronic Ising machine for optimization of real-world problems[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026, 15(1): 6., articleTitle=Programmable optoelectronic Ising machine for optimization of real-world problems, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315741635795862177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic and principle of the FDML-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO; (b) Principle of the microwave photonic filter based on PM-IM conversion, figureFileSmall=zbOnthfui+94HKi13UNQww==, figureFileBig=qHntdhE9Y9/mLHreVxsjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741635904914082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图1, caption=傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器原理图;(b)基于相位调制到强度调制转换的微波光子滤波器示意图, figureFileSmall=zbOnthfui+94HKi13UNQww==, figureFileBig=qHntdhE9Y9/mLHreVxsjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636123017891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic and principle of the WIL-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the WIL-OEO; (b) Principle of wideband injection locking, figureFileSmall=izWtUM4YPW0fdqBIka68iQ==, figureFileBig=Pw7NAomCgQJXGckM9fuXQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636219486884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图2, caption=宽带注入锁定光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)宽带注入锁定光电振荡器原理图;(b)宽带注入锁定原理, figureFileSmall=izWtUM4YPW0fdqBIka68iQ==, figureFileBig=Pw7NAomCgQJXGckM9fuXQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636299178661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic and principle of the AML-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO; (b) Principle of active mode locking, figureFileSmall=yINQ8Ac/APARHkmxJyKqLg==, figureFileBig=htRnnBg14xi8SbAdXuB/jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636395647654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图3, caption=主动锁模光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)主动锁模光电振荡器原理图;(b)主动锁模原理, figureFileSmall=yINQ8Ac/APARHkmxJyKqLg==, figureFileBig=htRnnBg14xi8SbAdXuB/jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636475339431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Broadband linearly chirped microwave signal generation based on FDML-OEO[31]. (a) Experimental setup of the FDML-OEO; (b) Bandwidth tuning; (c) Center frequency tuning, figureFileSmall=ys+/ryacx1vgWXhhzfZ9pQ==, figureFileBig=ST5uAG7IoEUx4rjeSjDDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636538253992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于FDML-OEO的线性啁啾信号产生方案[31]。(a)FDML-OEO的实验装置;(b)带宽调谐;(c)中心频率调谐, figureFileSmall=ys+/ryacx1vgWXhhzfZ9pQ==, figureFileBig=ST5uAG7IoEUx4rjeSjDDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636605362857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on FDML-OEO[38]. (a) Experimental setup of the wideband arbitrary waveform generation system based on FDML-OEO, (b) Experimental results of the generated microwave signals, figureFileSmall=e3w28mFZt9pzfsNzSWCI5A==, figureFileBig=633vk/T3f/dokBX/usmS5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636676666026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学产生方案[38]。(a)基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形生成系统实验装置;(b)产生微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=e3w28mFZt9pzfsNzSWCI5A==, figureFileBig=633vk/T3f/dokBX/usmS5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636756357803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Frequency-phase combined encoding microwave signal generation based on a silicon photonic chip[39]. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated frequency-phase combined coding microwave signal, figureFileSmall=yDq13iQYb9UN+XEqiLK5/Q==, figureFileBig=YJa5eptiRGyu3rTzcik0gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636861215404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于硅光子芯片的频率-相位复合编码微波信号生成系统[39]。(a)FDML-OEO的示意图;(b)生成的频率-相位复合编码微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=yDq13iQYb9UN+XEqiLK5/Q==, figureFileBig=YJa5eptiRGyu3rTzcik0gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636940907181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=FDML-OEO based on cascaded micro-ring resonator[40]. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO based on cascaded micro-ring resonator; (b) Calculated spectrograms of the generated dual-band linearly chirped microwave waveforms, figureFileSmall=iYv0qQE/TK1t49a8NAPp1w==, figureFileBig=riHQ+m7CLWOODIwR52FgLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637028987566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于级联硅基微环谐振腔的FDML-OEO系统[40]。(a)基于级联微环谐振腔的FDML-OEO示意图;(b)计算生成的双波段线性调频微波波形的频谱图, figureFileSmall=iYv0qQE/TK1t49a8NAPp1w==, figureFileBig=riHQ+m7CLWOODIwR52FgLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637096096431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=High-quality arbitrary waveforms generation based on WIL-OEO[41]. (a) Experimental setup of the WIL-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated wideband microwave signals, figureFileSmall=UDoasw260NmxHWNUZN8hoQ==, figureFileBig=ofub+ElY+YwOZwda6VR/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637188371120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于WIL-OEO的高质量任意波形产生技术[41]。(a)WIL-OEO的实验装置;(b)生成宽带微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=UDoasw260NmxHWNUZN8hoQ==, figureFileBig=ofub+ElY+YwOZwda6VR/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637251285681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Broadband microwave signal optical generation system based on WIL-OEO and photonics-assisted frequency multiplication [42]. (a) Schematic of the wideband arbitrary waveform generation system; (b) Experimental results of the generated wideband microwave signals, figureFileSmall=fsoxNOR/9YbHW2RiCG+D8Q==, figureFileBig=Rj/qMOzNPvUkZe7CcxWGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637322588850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图9, caption=基于WIL-OEO和光学辅助倍频的宽带微波信号光学合成系统[42]。(a)宽带任意波形生成系统示意图;(b)生成宽带微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=fsoxNOR/9YbHW2RiCG+D8Q==, figureFileBig=Rj/qMOzNPvUkZe7CcxWGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637398086323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Dual-band AML-OEO based on polarization division multiplexing [47]. (a) Schematic of the dual-band AML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated dual-band microwave pulses, figureFileSmall=wWTFkIcgZxroevV0UjgWXA==, figureFileBig=pwxllpJ0PJy+fAzUUfnUTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637473583796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图10, caption=基于偏振复用的双频段AML-OEO系统[47]。(a)双频段AML-OEO示意图;(b)生成双波段微波脉冲实验结果, figureFileSmall=wWTFkIcgZxroevV0UjgWXA==, figureFileBig=pwxllpJ0PJy+fAzUUfnUTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637578441397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=AML-OEO system based on dual-driven silicon-based microring resonator [49]. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated microwave pulse, figureFileSmall=op0DV7NcAtbgZvsK+Z79eQ==, figureFileBig=r2UjYN8K1c8T0tRZAbTa6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637670716086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图11, caption=基于双驱动硅基微环谐振腔的AML-OEO系统[49]。(a)AML-OEO示意图;(b)生成微波脉冲的实验结果, figureFileSmall=op0DV7NcAtbgZvsK+Z79eQ==, figureFileBig=r2UjYN8K1c8T0tRZAbTa6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637746213559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Photonic generation of position-coded and phase-coded coherent microwave pulse sequences based on AML-OEO[50]. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO for coherent microwave pulse train generation; (b) Experimental results of the generated position-coded and the phase-coded microwave pulse trains, figureFileSmall=iTpnQOqEU4VM04yAOLh0sw==, figureFileBig=ZeKfW1mKYunefkNiYdulaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637838488248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图12, caption=基于AML-OEO的位置和相位编码微波脉冲序列产生系统[50]。(a)用于相干微波脉冲序列生成的 AML-OEO 示意图;(b)生成位置和相位编码微波脉冲序列的实验结果, figureFileSmall=iTpnQOqEU4VM04yAOLh0sw==, figureFileBig=ZeKfW1mKYunefkNiYdulaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637943345849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Broadband arbitrary waveform generation scheme based on PML-OEO[51]. (a) Schematic of the PML-OEO;(b) Experimental results of the generated microwave signals, figureFileSmall=Pp7Z2h9R58cYkJc7jiNeYA==, figureFileBig=wao5d/q9DtbGQAVwNUPLag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741638018843322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图13, caption=基于可编程锁模OEO的宽带任意波形产生方案[51]。(a)可编程锁模OEO示意图;(b)生成微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=Pp7Z2h9R58cYkJc7jiNeYA==, figureFileBig=wao5d/q9DtbGQAVwNUPLag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639658816187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Microwave photonic sparse imaging system[56]. (a) Schematic of the microwave photonic radar system; (b) ISAR images of the targets, figureFileSmall=DLQZ7ajFdWbablV0RuVKng==, figureFileBig=r+2P25iO83w6rxEJDKv7uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639738507964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图14, caption=高分辨率微波光子成像雷达系统[56]。(a)微波光子雷达系统示意图;(b)目标的ISAR成像, figureFileSmall=DLQZ7ajFdWbablV0RuVKng==, figureFileBig=r+2P25iO83w6rxEJDKv7uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639818199741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Adaptive photonics-enabled integrated sensing and communication system[57], figureFileSmall=EVfqL3DdWZZRdsS+z4i4yg==, figureFileBig=dFpSjcJQaKPRDp4Tc4iN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639897891518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图15, caption=自适应光学辅助通信感知一体化系统[57], figureFileSmall=EVfqL3DdWZZRdsS+z4i4yg==, figureFileBig=dFpSjcJQaKPRDp4Tc4iN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639973388991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=High-precision LiDAR 4D imaging system[58]. (a) Experimental setup of the 4D Lidar imaging system; (b) 4D Lidar imaging results of the target, figureFileSmall=mmOa6JdLqV6ywrMFHdrJ0g==, figureFileBig=JkvBtXyvUQAMr0zjaHBTMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741640044692160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图16, caption=高精度激光雷达四维成像系统[58]。(a)激光雷达四维成像系统实验设置;(b)目标的激光雷达四维成像结果, figureFileSmall=mmOa6JdLqV6ywrMFHdrJ0g==, figureFileBig=JkvBtXyvUQAMr0zjaHBTMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741640132772545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Research progress on wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on FDML-OEO

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsMaximum bandwidth/GHzFrequency tuning range/GHzWaveform typesReferences
FDML-OEO based on PS-FBG7.55~17LCMW(a)[31]
FDML-OEO based on SBS4.351~14.4LCMW[34]
FDML-OEO based on DP-QPSK10.816.2~23.2LCMW, Dual-band LCMW[35]
FDML-OEO based on dual laser sources3.49.7~10.3Dual-chirp LCMW[36]
FDML-OEO+phase modulation816~20LCMW, PC-LFM(b)[37]
FDML-OEO based on time-varying microwave photonic filter2/LCMW, NLCMW(c), FHMW(d), PC-LCMW[38]
FDML-OEO based on cascaded microring resonators1.57.5~12.5Dual-chirp LCMW[39]
FDML-OEO612~16LCMW, PC-LCMW[40]
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640208270018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsMaximum bandwidth/GHzFrequency tuning range/GHzWaveform typesReferences
FDML-OEO based on PS-FBG7.55~17LCMW(a)[31]
FDML-OEO based on SBS4.351~14.4LCMW[34]
FDML-OEO based on DP-QPSK10.816.2~23.2LCMW, Dual-band LCMW[35]
FDML-OEO based on dual laser sources3.49.7~10.3Dual-chirp LCMW[36]
FDML-OEO+phase modulation816~20LCMW, PC-LFM(b)[37]
FDML-OEO based on time-varying microwave photonic filter2/LCMW, NLCMW(c), FHMW(d), PC-LCMW[38]
FDML-OEO based on cascaded microring resonators1.57.5~12.5Dual-chirp LCMW[39]
FDML-OEO612~16LCMW, PC-LCMW[40]
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640275378883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Research progress on wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on WIL-OEO

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsMaximum bandwidth/GHzFrequency tuning range/GHzWaveform typesReferences
WIL-OEO26.5~8.5LCMW[32]
WIL-OEO0.4/LCMW, FHMW, PCMW(a)[41]
WIL-OEO+Frequency multiplication1222~30LCMW, FHMW[42]
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640367653572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于WIL-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsMaximum bandwidth/GHzFrequency tuning range/GHzWaveform typesReferences
WIL-OEO26.5~8.5LCMW[32]
WIL-OEO0.4/LCMW, FHMW, PCMW(a)[41]
WIL-OEO+Frequency multiplication1222~30LCMW, FHMW[42]
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640447345349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Research progress of broadband arbitrary waveform synthesis based on AML-OEO

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsFrequency tuning
range /GHz
Waveform typesReferences
Polarization multiplexed AML-OEO4~10Dual-band microwave pulse[47]
AML-OEO based on Si3N4 micro-disk resonator1~22Tunable microwave pulse[48]
Dual-drive AML-OEO6~18Tunable microwave pulse[49]
AML-OEO based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator/Position-coded microwave pulse, phase-coded microwave pulse[50]
PML-OEO(a)10~23LCMW, FHMW, LCMP(b)[51]
Dual-loop hamonic AML-OEO/Microwave frequency comb[52]
Modulator-free AML-OEO/Microwave pulse, staggered pulse[53]
AML-OEO driven by customized waveforms/Position-definable coherent microwave pulse[54]
Dual-loop AML-OEO/Staggered pulse signal, rectangular microwave waveforms[55]
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640518648518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基于AML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodsFrequency tuning
range /GHz
Waveform typesReferences
Polarization multiplexed AML-OEO4~10Dual-band microwave pulse[47]
AML-OEO based on Si3N4 micro-disk resonator1~22Tunable microwave pulse[48]
Dual-drive AML-OEO6~18Tunable microwave pulse[49]
AML-OEO based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator/Position-coded microwave pulse, phase-coded microwave pulse[50]
PML-OEO(a)10~23LCMW, FHMW, LCMP(b)[51]
Dual-loop hamonic AML-OEO/Microwave frequency comb[52]
Modulator-free AML-OEO/Microwave pulse, staggered pulse[53]
AML-OEO driven by customized waveforms/Position-definable coherent microwave pulse[54]
Dual-loop AML-OEO/Staggered pulse signal, rectangular microwave waveforms[55]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1791478869821, updatedTime=1791802324400, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, picEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1316477625225298568, language=CN, name=光子学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324825, updatedTime=1791802324825, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1316477625288213129, language=EN, name=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1791802324840, updatedTime=1791802324840, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=69eadfdc-ccc1-45af-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://gzxb.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1315121910733963395, websiteList=[Website(id=1315346106637210224, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1791532549771, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533256542, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=光子学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349214071210463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533290641, updateTime=1791533290641, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213987324380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533290621, updateTime=1791533290621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214134125026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290656, updateTime=1791533290656, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349213966352859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533290616, updateTime=1791533290616, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214171873764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290665, updateTime=1791533290665, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214054433247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1791533290637, updateTime=1791533290637, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214155096547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533290661, updateTime=1791533290661, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214020878813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1791533290629, updateTime=1791533290629, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214083793376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533290644, updateTime=1791533290644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349214104764897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346106637210224, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533290649, updateTime=1791533290649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1315346107014697606, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1315121910733963395, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1791532549861, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1791533251338, updateBy=18614031015, name=光子学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Photonica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1315349179224932817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1791533282333, updateTime=1791533282333, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179187184078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1791533282324, updateTime=1791533282324, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179271070164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282344, updateTime=1791533282344, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179162018253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=wQBjM6S+LBsZjnXGl57u5g==, createTime=1791533282318, updateTime=1791533282318, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179292041686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282349, updateTime=1791533282349, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179208155600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1791533282329, updateTime=1791533282329, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179279458773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1791533282346, updateTime=1791533282346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179199766991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1791533282327, updateTime=1791533282327, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179233321426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1791533282335, updateTime=1791533282335, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1315349179258487251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1315346107014697606, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1791533282341, updateTime=1791533282341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=光子学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.photon.ac.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPhotoEn=kSVLl0/HjBthS+BEgcahLw==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/EN/PDF/10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1774368000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术进展(特邀)
收藏切换
PDF下载
王彬 1, 2 , 张扬腾 1, 2 , 朱薪霖 1, 2 , 朱睿 1, 2 , 洪旭 1, 2 , 张伟锋 1, 2
光子学报 | “微波光子学”专题 2026,55(3): 32-53
收起
收藏切换
光子学报 |“微波光子学”专题 2026 , 55 (3) : 32 -53
基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术进展(特邀)
全屏
[Author(id=1315741631974851187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bin_wang@bit.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632071320182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741631974851187, language=EN, stringName=Bin WANG, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632151011959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741631974851187, language=CN, stringName=王彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio={"content":"

王彬,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王彬,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632222315129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632297812604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632222315129, language=EN, stringName=Yangteng ZHANG, firstName=Yangteng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632360727165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632222315129, language=CN, stringName=张扬腾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632436224639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632520110722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632436224639, language=EN, stringName=Xinlin ZHU, firstName=Xinlin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632591413891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632436224639, language=CN, stringName=朱薪霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632662717061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632738214536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632662717061, language=EN, stringName=Rui ZHU, firstName=Rui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632809517705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632662717061, language=CN, stringName=朱睿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741632889209483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741632985678478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632889209483, language=EN, stringName=Xu HONG, firstName=Xu, middleName=null, lastName=HONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633065370255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741632889209483, language=CN, stringName=洪旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])]), Author(id=1315741633153450641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=weifeng.zhang@bit.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633241531028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741633153450641, language=EN, stringName=Weifeng ZHANG, firstName=Weifeng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315741633312834197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, authorId=1315741633153450641, language=CN, stringName=张伟锋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])])]
王彬1, 2 , 张扬腾1, 2, 朱薪霖1, 2, 朱睿1, 2, 洪旭1, 2, 张伟锋1, 2
作者信息
  • 1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
  • 2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120
通讯作者:
作者简介:
Advances in Broadband Arbitrary Waveform Optical Synthesis Based on Mode-locked Optoelectronic Oscillators (Invited)
Bin WANG1, 2 , Yangteng ZHANG1, 2, Xinlin ZHU1, 2, Rui ZHU1, 2, Xu HONG1, 2, Weifeng ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102
文章导航
收藏切换

宽带任意波形作为现代电子系统的核心信息载体,其波形质量直接决定了系统在探测精度、抗干扰能力、频谱效率、数据传输速率等方面的关键性能指标。然而,传统电子学生成方法受限于“电子瓶颈”,在信号带宽、调谐灵活性等方面面临严峻挑战。微波光子信号产生技术以其大带宽、低相噪和灵活的信号重构能力,为突破上述局限提供了新的技术路径。在微波信号光学合成架构中,光电振荡器作为产生高纯度微波信号的核心方案之一,受到广泛关注。在此基础上发展出的锁模光电振荡器,进一步拓展了生成信号的带宽与调制格式,为宽带任意波形的光学合成奠定了关键技术基础。本文系统性地介绍了基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术。首先,深入阐述了傅里叶域锁模、宽带注入锁定与主动锁模三类典型锁模光电振荡器的工作原理。在此基础上,全面梳理并对比了本课题组及相关团队在该领域的代表性成果,进而探讨了该技术在高分辨率雷达、通感一体化、激光雷达成像等领域的应用潜力,最后对该技术存在的关键挑战与潜在研究方向进行了总结与展望。

宽带任意波形  /  光电振荡器  /  傅里叶域锁模  /  宽带注入锁定  /  主动锁模

The ability to generate dynamically reconfigurable broadband arbitrary waveforms is of paramount importance for advanced radar imaging, next-generation wireless communications, integrated sensing and communication, and electronic warfare systems. These applications demand waveforms with large time-bandwidth products, complex modulation, and low phase noise to ensure high resolution, superior data throughput, and robust anti-jamming resilience. However, traditional electronic approaches are fundamentally constrained by the electronic bottleneck, which severely restricts instantaneous bandwidth, tuning agility and power efficiency, particularly at high frequencies. In this context, microwave photonics has emerged as a transformative paradigm by leveraging the intrinsic advantages of photonic technologies, including ultra-wide bandwidth, low transmission loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this field, opto-electronic oscillators are well known for generating microwave signals with ultra-high spectral purity, which is enabled by high-quality-factor resonators formed using long optical fiber delay lines. However, the inherently single-frequency nature of conventional opto-electronic oscillators renders them ill-suited for complex and wideband waveform synthesis.

The incorporation of mode-locking mechanism into opto-electronic oscillator architectures has given rise to mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators, representing a major breakthrough that enables the coherent synthesis of broadband waveforms while maintaining low phase noise. This review systematically presents three representative mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator architectures: the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator, and the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator. The Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs a high-speed tunable filter that is periodically scanned in synchronization with the cavity round-trip time, thereby creating a dynamic spectral storage mechanism that enables the sequential amplification of distinct frequency components. Initially demonstrated for the generation of wideband linear frequency-modulated waveforms, the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator has since evolved to produce dual-chirp signals, phase-coded linear frequency-modulated waveforms, and fully programmable arbitrary waveforms through precise control of the filter scanning trajectory. In contrast to the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator introduces an external broadband seed signal, typically generated by an arbitrary waveform generator, into a free-running opto-electronic oscillator cavity. The high-quality-factor resonator functions as a spectral purifier, substantially reducing phase noise and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio while faithfully replicating the modulation profile of the injected seed signal. Alternately, the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs periodic gain modulation at a frequency matched to the cavity free spectral range or its harmonics, thereby actively phase-locking multiple longitudinal modes to form a coherent microwave frequency comb that manifests as a pulse train in the time domain. The active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator facilitates precise repetition-rate control and has evolved to support tunable dual-band operation, multidimensional pulse coding (time, phase, and amplitude), and fully programmable architectures for seamless switching between diverse waveform formats.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and system architectures for each approach, alongside a comparative evaluation of critical metrics such as bandwidth, phase noise, and time-bandwidth product. The wideband arbitrary waveforms generated by mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators hold great potentials for various applications. In high-resolution radar and imaging, these waveforms provide the bandwidth necessary to achieve millimeter-scale spatial resolution while ensuring robust resilience against electronic interference. In integrated sensing and communication systems, the wideband microwave signals leverage a unified hardware platform to support high-throughput communications alongside high-resolution sensing, effectively eliminating the trade-offs between data rate and detection accuracy. Furthermore, in advanced LiDAR systems, such waveforms support high-fidelity 4D imaging, capturing 3D structural details and instantaneous Doppler velocity with millimeter-level accuracy.

Future research is expected to advance along several key frontiers multi-material hybrid integration using materials such as InP, Si3N4, and LiNbO3 to realize compact, stable, chip-scale devices; extension of high-frequency and ultra-wideband operation into the millimeter-wave and terahertz regimes; and the realization of software-defined, intelligent reconfiguration enabled by artificial intelligence for cognitive waveform adaptation. In summary, mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators constitute a versatile and powerful photonic platform that effectively overcomes the electronic bottleneck. They establish a robust foundation for the generation of wideband software-defined microwave waveforms, which are essential for advancing next-generation radar, communication, and sensing systems.

Broadband arbitrary waveforms  /  Optoelectronic oscillator  /  Fourier domain mode locking  /  Wideband injection locking  /  Active mode locking
王彬, 张扬腾, 朱薪霖, 朱睿, 洪旭, 张伟锋. 基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术进展(特邀). 光子学报, 2026 , 55 (3) : 32 -53 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102
Bin WANG, Yangteng ZHANG, Xinlin ZHU, Rui ZHU, Xu HONG, Weifeng ZHANG. Advances in Broadband Arbitrary Waveform Optical Synthesis Based on Mode-locked Optoelectronic Oscillators (Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026 , 55 (3) : 32 -53 . DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102
宽带任意波形生成技术凭借其时域与频域的高度可重构性,能够有效适配雷达、通信及电子对抗等系统在复杂电磁环境下的多样化任务需求,已成为赋能现代电子信息系统升级变革的核心技术之一[1-4]。然而,传统基于纯电子学的波形生成技术,受限于电子器件的固有带宽瓶颈,在面对高载频、大带宽信号的生成需求时,普遍存在采样率不足、瞬时带宽受限及系统功耗过高等问题,难以满足未来信息系统对信号纯度、频谱效率及带宽扩展性的更高要求[5, 6]。为克服上述限制,微波光子学技术应运而生[7-10]。该技术以光子作为载体,具有超大瞬时带宽、低传输损耗、强抗电磁干扰能力以及优异通道隔离度等一系列突出优势,成为推动新一代电子系统创新发展的关键使能技术[11-16]。在微波信号光学合成技术研究方面,早期研究者已探索了包括空间-时间光学脉冲整形、光谱整形波长-时间映射、外差拍频探测等在内的多种解决方案[17-21]。然而,此类早期技术方案在性能上仍存在明显局限,合成的微波信号质量差且调谐困难,严重制约了相关技术在高分辨率雷达探测、宽带通信系统等前沿场景中的实际应用价值。因此,探索兼具高稳定性、低相位噪声与宽频带调谐能力的新型任意波形光学合成机理,已成为推动下一代信息系统实现性能跨越的关键研究方向。
光电振荡器(Opto-Electronic Oscillator, OEO)作为一种新型的微波信号光学产生技术[22-25],引起了学术界和产业界的广泛关注。它通过利用光波在低损耗光纤中的长时延传播特性实现高效能量存储,结合窄带滤波器实现带外杂散有效抑制,可产生高频低相噪微波信号,为高性能微波源系统提供了最具潜力的解决方案[26-30]。然而,传统OEO系统在结构上依赖窄带滤波进行频率选择,本质上属于单频振荡机制,难以直接生成宽带具备复杂调制特性的微波信号。近年来,锁模光电振荡器引起了广泛的关注,该技术通过在OEO谐振腔中建立多纵模间的固定相位关系,可突破传统OEO系统的单模选择特性,实现包含多个振荡模式的宽带信号生成。锁模光电振荡器不仅继承了OEO固有的低相位噪声优势,更重要的是显著提升了系统的时频域综合调谐灵活性,为宽带复杂波形的高精度光学直接合成奠定了关键的理论基础与技术路径。在锁模光电振荡器研究领域,目前主流研究方向包括三个方面:傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器(Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Opto-Electronic Oscillator, FDML-OEO)[31]、宽带注入锁定光电振荡器(Wideband Injection-locked Opto-Electronic Oscillator, WIL-OEO)[32]和主动锁模光电振荡器(Active Mode-Locked Opto-Electronic Oscillator, AML-OEO)[33]。其中,FDML-OEO通过高速周期性地扫描腔内窄带滤波器的中心频率,当扫描周期与光电环路延时精确匹配时,系统即可满足傅里叶域锁模条件,可实现高频宽带微波信号生成;WIL-OEO采用高稳定度外接宽带微波源产生参考信号,通过注入锁定机制实现谐振腔内多纵模的相位同步与频谱纯化。该方案在继承参考微波源优异频率稳定性的基础上,进一步提升了输出信号的频谱纯度与相位噪声特性;AML-OEO通过向光电反馈环路引入周期性调制信号,主动调控环路增益与损耗,驱动腔内多纵模实现相位同步,最终生成相干的微波频率梳。该方案在保证低相位噪声的同时,还具备良好的波形重构灵活性。上述三种技术路径分别基于动态滤波、外部参考注入和主动增益调制三个不同的物理机制,为宽带任意波形的光学生成提供了潜在的解决方案。
本文系统性地综述了基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意微波波形光学合成技术研究进展。首先,详细阐述了三类典型锁模光电振荡器的核心工作机理;随后,重点归纳了本课题组及国内外研究团队在锁模光电振荡器方向的研究进展,并构建了统一的性能评估体系,对不同技术路径的关键指标进行了横向对比;在此基础上,深入探讨了该技术在高分辨率微波光子雷达、通信感知一体化、高分辨率激光雷达等前沿场景中的应用潜力。最后,结合当前发展现状,对该领域在多材料体系融合集成、性能边界拓展、软件定义与智能波形重构等方向的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。
锁模光电振荡器是实现宽带高质量任意波形光学信号合成的关键技术。锁模光电振荡器的研究主要围绕FDML-OEO、WIL-OEO和AML-OEO三种技术路径展开。下文将针对上述三种锁模机制的实现原理及其技术特点进行详细阐述。
FDML-OEO是实现宽带微波波形生成的重要手段之一。传统OEO系统受腔内模式建立时间限制,仅能产生单频的微波信号。相比之下,FDML-OEO通过在光电振荡环路内引入快速扫描的微波光子滤波器,可突破模式建立时间限制,实现宽带任意波形光学合成[31]。图1(a)给出了其结构图,其主要由激光器、相位调制器、光滤波器、光纤、光电探测器、电放大器、功分器等组成。
在FDML-OEO系统中,微波光子滤波器的中心频率随时间呈周期性连续扫描。图1(b)展示了微波光子滤波器的工作原理。该滤波器基于相位调制到强度调制(Phase Modulation to Intensity Modulation, PM-IM)的转换机制实现,利用光载波与调制边带之间的相干干涉效应,在光电探测后形成频率响应可调的带通滤波特性。微波光子滤波器的中心频率fRF可以表示为
fRF=fc-ffilter
式中,fc是光载波的频率,ffilter是光学带阻滤波器的中心频率。从式(1)可知,通过改变光载波的频率或光学带阻滤波器的中心频率,可以实现微波光子滤波器中心频率调谐,进而改变OEO输出微波信号的频率。为了实现宽带微波信号合成,系统需满足傅里叶域锁模条件
N×Tdrive=Tloop
式中,Tdrive是驱动信号的周期,Tloop是OEO的环腔延时,N是正整数。当OEO环腔延时是驱动信号周期的整数倍时,系统达到傅里叶域锁模条件。此时,OEO谐振腔内不同频率的微波信号依次在相应的瞬时满足起振与增益条件,从而在时域上实现输出频率的快速连续扫频。这一机制使OEO系统能够生成大带宽、高扫频速率的微波波形,从根本上克服了传统基于固定滤波器的OEO在瞬时带宽和频率捷变性能方面的局限。
WIL-OEO是实现宽带高稳定度低相噪任意波形光学合成的关键技术路径之一。其核心机制是将外部宽带微波信号作为“种子”注入自由运行的光电振荡器环路中,借助注入锁定效应,使OEO输出与种子信号波形一致且相位噪声显著改善的微波信号[32]。
图2(a)给出了WIL-OEO的结构示意图,该系统主要由激光器、强度调制器、光纤、光电探测器、低噪声放大器、移相器、电带通滤波器、耦合器、任意波形发生器等构成。在该系统中,振荡信号与外部注入的宽带信号首先经耦合器进行耦合,再通过强度调制器调制到光载波上,形成调制光信号。该光信号经光纤传输后由光电探测器转换为微波信号,随后经低噪声放大器放大和电滤波器滤波后,再通过耦合器分为两路:一路与注入宽带信号合束,重新注入到强度调制器中,构成宽带正反馈环路以维持系统稳定振荡;另一路则用于输出信号的波形监测与相噪分析。
在传统的单频注入锁定OEO系统中,注入的种子信号通常为单频微波信号。相比之下,WIL-OEO系统中注入的种子信号为宽带微波信号,如图2(b)所示。为实现宽带注入锁定,需满足延时匹配条件有
N×Tinj.=Tloop
式中,Tinj.是注入宽带微波信号的周期,Tloop是OEO的环腔延时,N是正整数。当OEO环腔延时是注入宽带微波信号周期的整数倍时,系统即满足宽带注入锁定条件。WIL-OEO的优势在于,它在继承注入微波信号高频率稳定性的同时,借助低损耗光纤构成的超高Q值振荡回路,显著优化了输出微波信号的相位噪声性能,从而能够生成兼具大带宽、高频率稳定度与低相位噪声特性的优质微波信号。
AML-OEO是一种利用外部调制信号实现多纵模相干同步的光子学架构。其核心机制在于通过在光电环路中引入受外源驱动的幅度调制,对环路增益进行周期性演变。当调制频率与环路的自由光谱范围满足倍数匹配条件时,将强制触发腔内数目众多的纵模建立稳定的锁相关系,从而在频域上产生具有恒定频率间隔的相干微波频率梳,在时域上则表现为具有极高占空比的周期性超窄脉冲序列。这种主动锁相机制不仅保证了多模振荡的时域相干性和频域稳定性,也从根本上克服了传统光电振荡器中因模式竞争和初值敏感性导致的难以维持稳定多模输出的关键问题[33]。
图3(a)给出了AML-OEO的结构框图,其主要由激光器、强度调制器、光纤、光电探测器、电带通滤波器、低噪声放大器、耦合器、微波幅度调制器、函数发生器等组成。激光器输出的光载波信号注入到强度调制器中,调制后的光信号通过光纤传输后进入光电探测器,完成光电转换。光电探测器输出的电信号经电带通滤波器滤波和低噪声放大器放大后,由耦合器分成两路:一路作为系统输出,另一路输入至微波幅度调制器中。微波幅度调制器用于调控OEO环路的增益,由函数发生器产生的调制信号控制。微波幅度调制器输出的电信号重新注入到强度调制器中,形成闭合振荡环路。
图3(b)给出了主动锁模的实现机理。在AML-OEO系统中,为实现稳定信号振荡输出,需满足延时匹配条件
N×Tmod.=Tloop
式中,Tmod.是增益调制信号的周期,Tloop是OEO的环腔延时,N是正整数。当OEO环腔延时是增益调制信号周期的整数倍时,系统满足主动锁模的相位同步条件。此时,周期性调制在频域上为谐振腔内一系列等间隔纵模建立起固定的相位关系,使多个纵模实现相干叠加。该机制不仅抑制了模式竞争,还通过低损耗光纤的高Q值储能效应显著降低相位噪声,从而在时域输出稳定重复的超短微波脉冲序列,在频域生成低相噪、高谱纯度的等间隔微波频率梳。
FDML-OEO作为实现宽带任意微波波形光学合成的关键技术之一,以其独特的动态滤波与多模同步机制在微波光子学领域引起广泛关注。2018年,中国科学院半导体研究所首次提出了基于FDML-OEO的宽带线性扫频微波信号光学产生技术,图4(a)给出了该系统的原理示意图[31]。其核心工作机制在于通过对微波光子滤波器中心频率进行周期性扫描,实现谐振腔内多个纵模的稳定谐振与相位同步。系统在静态工作状态时,通过自激振荡产生单频微波信号,具备传统光电振荡器固有的低相位噪声特性;而当对滤波器施加线性扫描时,可依次激励出频率线性变化的振荡模式;进一步将扫描周期与光电环路往返时延精确匹配,以满足傅里叶域锁模条件,可在谐振腔内建立多模稳态振荡,输出宽带高质量微波信号。如图4(b)和4(c)所示,FDML-OEO系统合成的微波信号具备良好的带宽和中心频率调谐特性,其最大带宽为7.5 GHz,中心频率调谐范围覆盖5~17 GHz。同年,该团队进一步提出基于受激布里渊散射效应的FDML-OEO系统,通过利用布里渊增益谱的频率选择性放大特性,进一步增强了系统的频率选择能力与噪声抑制性能[34]。2021年,本课题组提出了基于FDML-OEO和光子辅助微波倍频的超宽带微波信号光学合成技术。该技术通过充分发挥双偏振正交相移键控调制器的灵活调制特性[35],实验验证了超宽带线性扫频微波信号光学合成,输出微波信号带宽调谐范围覆盖3.6-10.8 GHz,中心频率调谐范围覆盖16.2~23.2 GHz,信号时间带宽积可达2.6×105。
在宽带复杂波形光学生成方面,2019年,中国科学院半导体研究所提出了一种基于FDML-OEO的双啁啾傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器方案[36]。该方案利用两个独立的激光器作为光源,并利用光学带阻滤波器分别抑制各激光器相位调制产生的-1阶边带,从而形成双通带独立可调谐的微波光子滤波器结构。利用三角波电流同步驱动两个激光器实现波长扫描,可实现微波光子滤波器两个通带中心频率的同步扫描。当扫描周期与OEO环腔延时匹配时,系统达到傅里叶域锁模条件,可实现双啁啾微波信号光学合成。该结构首次实现了基于OEO架构的可重构双啁啾微波信号产生,为复杂宽带信号的光学合成奠定了基础。2020年,空军预警学院团队提出了一种具有双路径架构的改进型FDML-OEO系统[37]。该方案采用光电双路径协同设计架构,其中主路径基于FDML-OEO生成高线性度的宽带线性调频信号;辅助路径则构建独立的光学相位编码子系统,通过外部调制器对光载波施加相位编码。通过对两个子系统进行协同控制,可实现线性调频与相位编码波形的同步生成,为多功能、可重构雷达波形合成奠定了关键技术基础。2021年,华东师范大学提出了一种基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术,其实验框图如图5(a)所示[38]。该方案的核心在于通过外部电光调制构建一个可重构的光学波形发生器,以此产生具有任意波形的扫频光信号。该扫频光信号随后作为OEO系统的输入光源,并借助环路中引入的相位调制器与相移光纤布拉格光栅,构造出扫描特性可按需设计的时变微波光子滤波器。通过将光学波形的周期与OEO环腔延时精确同步,当系统满足傅里叶域锁模条件时,能够稳定多模振荡机制并输出高质量的宽带微波信号。如图5(b)所示,在该实验中,研究团队成功生成了带宽为2 GHz的线性扫频与非线性调频波形、具备500 MHz跳频范围的双频跳频波形,以及最高250比特的二进制与四进制相位编码微波波形。该工作突破了传统傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器仅能生成线性调频信号的局限,为利用光电振荡器产生高保真度、高性能的复杂雷达及通信信号开辟了一条全新的技术途径。
在集成化FDML-OEO系统研究方面,本课题组于2023年提出了一种基于硅基光子集成平台的频率‑相位复合编码微波信号光学生成技术,其系统架构如图6(a)所示[39]。该方案首次将FDML-OEO与高速微波光子移相器集成于同一硅光芯片中。在该系统中,通过热调谐超高Q值微环谐振器实现频率调谐,并利用电调谐微盘谐振器完成相位编码,从而在片上实现了高性能、参数可灵活配置的波形合成。实验结果如图6(b)所示,该系统具备中心频率、带宽及编码格式的动态可重构能力,并能实现超大时间带宽积(2×106)的微波信号产生,为发展下一代高分辨率、多功能雷达系统提供了关键技术支持与可行的集成化解决方案。2024年,本课题组进一步提出了基于级联硅基微环谐振腔的FDML-OEO系统[40]。如图7(a)所示,该系统利用级联硅基微环谐振腔作为滤波单元,结合PM-IM转换机理构建双通道微波光子滤波器。每个通道的中心频率均可通过对应的微环谐振器进行大范围独立调谐。当滤波器扫频周期与振荡器环腔时延精确同步时,系统自动进入傅里叶域锁模工作状态,实现稳定的双波段线性调频微波信号输出。如图7(b)所示,基于微环谐振器的可独立调控特性,各波段信号的中心频率、带宽及啁啾率均可实现高自由度独立调节,并支持动态参数重构,为灵活、精准的信号生成提供了重要的器件基础。
综上所述,基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术,代表了高频微波光子信号产生领域的一项重大突破。该技术有机融合了傅里叶域锁模机制所提供的卓越频率灵活性,以及光电振荡器自身所具备的低相位噪声、高频谱纯度等优异特性,从而在光域内实现了对宽带复杂微波波形的精确合成与灵活调控。表1系统梳理了该技术发展进程中的若干代表性成果,清晰呈现出其从概念提出到功能扩展、性能提升的演进脉络,为后续研究提供了重要参考。
WIL-OEO是实现宽带任意微波波形光学合成的重要技术路径之一。2021年,南京航空航天大学首次提出了WIL-OEO架构[32]。该方案通过将外部微波源生成的线性调频微波信号注入至OEO环路中,实现了对环内多模振荡状态的同步锁定,从而在维持波形宽带特性的同时,显著改善了输出信号的相噪性能与信噪比。该系统具备灵活的调谐性,能够通过动态调节注入信号的中心频率、带宽及调制格式,实现多样化复杂微波波形的按需生成。2024年,该团队进一步提出了基于WIL-OEO的超低相噪任意波形光学合成技术,系统结构如图8(a)所示[41]。该方法的核心思想是通过引入宽带注入锁定机制,保证OEO每个振荡模式与对应注入信号的频率分量相互锁定,从而显著改善输出波形的频谱纯度和信噪比。实验结果如图8(b)所示,该系统成功生成了带宽可调的线性调频连续波、覆盖400 MHz频率范围的跳频波形以及100 Mb/s的相位编码微波信号。实验结果表面,所生成微波信号的相位噪声、信噪比及带内杂散抑制水平均有显著改善。
同年,为有效拓展生成微波信号带宽,本课题组提出一种基于WIL-OEO和光学辅助微波倍频的超宽带低相噪任意波形生成技术,其原理框图如图9(a)所示[42]。该方案采用双偏振双驱动马赫曾德尔调制器,构建了一个融合注入锁定光电振荡器与光子辅助频率倍增功能的混合系统架构。在该系统中,X偏振的双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器构成主光电振荡环路,负责接收外部种子信号并实现宽带注入锁定;Y偏振的双驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器则用于光子辅助频率倍增,通过精确设置调制器偏置点与光学滤波器参数,实现可调谐倍频操作。实验结果表明,相比于外部注入信号,WIL-OEO系统生成的微波信号在10 kHz频偏处的相噪水平可改善22 dB,同时保持了与外部注入信号相当的频率稳定性(艾伦偏差为3.72×10-12@1 s)。借助光子辅助四倍频技术,系统最终成功产生了带宽达12 GHz的超宽带线性调频信号,充分验证了其在拓展信号带宽方面的优异性能。该系统的另一显著优势在于具备全参数可编程调控能力,通过灵活设置注入信号的频率、带宽、调制格式等信息,在同一硬件平台上实现多种复杂微波波形的按需生成。具体而言,该系统不仅支持宽带线性调频信号的高保真合成,还可通过时序与频域参数的动态配置,生成步进频信号、多阶跳频信号以及脉冲内嵌线性调频的复合波形。该功能为自适应雷达、电子对抗与多功能射频系统提供了高度灵活、可重构的信号产生解决方案。
综上所述,WIL-OEO凭借其卓越的相位噪声性能与优异的频率稳定性,已成为现代微波光子学系统中的关键使能技术。其核心优势在于两大机制的协同作用:一方面,注入锁定机制确保了输出微波信号能够精准、无失真地复现注入信号所携带的波形信息,从而继承了电学方法的高频率稳定性与波形灵活性;另一方面,光电振荡环路则扮演了高性能“信号净化器”的角色,对注入信号的基底噪声与带内相位噪声产生显著抑制作用,从而输出频谱异常纯净、相位噪声极低的高质量微波信号。该技术在新一代雷达系统、高速无线通信、电子对抗以及精密测量仪器等领域展现出广阔的应用前景,是构建高动态范围、高复杂度射频信号源的极具潜力的核心解决方案。表2系统总结了基于该技术的代表性研究进展,充分印证了其在实现高稳定、低相位噪声波形合成方面的显著潜力。
AML-OEO是一种将主动锁模机制与OEO的高品质微波生成能力相结合的关键技术[43-46]。其核心机理是通过外部射频信号对OEO环路的增益进行周期性驱动,强制对环路内的振荡模式进行同步与相位锁定。该过程在时域上产生稳定重复的光脉冲序列,在频域上则生成一系列频率间隔严格等于调制频率的相干梳状谱线。2020年,杭州电子科技大学研究团队创新性地将主动锁模机制引入OEO系统,成功实现了微波频率梳的高质量生成,为微波光子信号源开辟了新的技术路径[33]。AML-OEO系统的核心在于,在传统OEO环路中引入第二个强度调制器作为主动锁模器件,通过外部射频调制信号对环路增益实施周期性调制,从而在相邻振荡模式间建立稳定的相位锁定关系。该系统以宽带滤波器取代传统窄带滤波器,允许腔内多个纵模同时振荡;而引入的主动调制信号则精确调控这些模式之间的相对相位,使其实现相干叠加。理论分析表明,当调制频率与光学谐振腔的纵模间隔严格相等时,系统实现基波锁模;当调制频率为纵模间隔的整数倍时,系统可实现谐波锁模。随后,为了实现双波段微波脉冲信号生成,该团队进一步提出了一种基于偏振复用AML-OEO方案,其系统结构如图10(a)所示[47]。该方案利用单个偏振复用马赫-曾德尔调制器,在同一光路上构建了两个偏振正交的OEO谐振环路。两个独立的射频调制信号分别加载至调制器的对应偏置端口,通过对各自环路增益进行周期性调制,实现双环路同时的主动锁模。由于两个环路的振荡分别建立在相互正交的偏振态上,其振荡模式之间具有天然的隔离性,能够互不干扰地独立工作,从而在物理上实现了真正的双波段独立微波信号生成。实验结果如图10(b)所示,该系统能够稳定生成脉冲重复频率与载波频率均可独立调谐的双波段微波脉冲信号。该方案基于偏振复用技术,利用单个电光调制器实现了结构高度紧凑的双波段主动锁模光电振荡器。这一设计不仅大幅降低了系统成本与结构复杂度,避免了传统双路独立系统带来的冗余与耦合问题,还同时实现了载波频率与脉冲重复频率的独立、精准调谐。该系统为下一代双波段脉冲雷达、多功能射频前端及集成微波光子子系统,提供了一种高性能、可重构且易于集成的信号生成方案。
2022年,东南大学团队提出并实验验证了一种基于氮化硅微盘谐振器的可调谐AML-OEO系统,该系统能够实现微波频率梳的中心频率与梳齿间隔独立调谐[48]。该方案利用氮化硅微盘谐振器作为可调谐微波光子滤波器,通过调控谐振腔的谐振波长来改变滤波器的中心频率,从而使AML-OEO输出信号的频率调谐范围覆盖1至22 GHz。同时,通过调节驱动信号的频率,研究人员还实现了基频锁模与高次谐波锁模,进一步拓展了梳齿间隔的调节自由度。
为了简化AML-OEO系统,本课题组于2024年提出了一种基于双驱动硅基微环谐振器的主动锁模光电振荡器方案,通过单个集成器件同步实现了高速增益调制与宽范围频率调谐功能。图11(a)展示了该系统的架构示意图[49]。该方案采用的双驱动微环谐振器在同一结构中集成了侧向PN结与顶部金属微加热器。其中,PN结通过载流子色散效应,可在纳秒量级实现谐振波长的快速切换;微加热器则利用热光效应,实现对谐振波长大范围连续精确调节。当向PN结施加矩形驱动信号时,基于该微环构建的微波光子滤波器中心频率将在光电探测器带宽内外高速切换,进而在OEO环路中引入周期性增益调制。当调制频率与OEO纵模间隔匹配时,系统进入主动锁模状态,生成重复频率和脉冲宽度由驱动信号参数决定的微波脉冲序列。实验结果表明,该系统成功生成了中心频率9 GHz、相位噪声低至-105.4 dBc/Hz@10 kHz的微波脉冲。脉冲宽度可通过调节矩形信号占空比在0.10 μs至0.66 μs范围内灵活调控。同时,借助微加热器的直流电压调节,脉冲载波频率可在6 GHz至18 GHz范围内连续调谐。该方案通过双驱动微环谐振器将主动锁模与频率调谐功能集成于单一芯片,显著简化了系统结构,展现了硅光技术在实现高性能、高集成度微波光子信号源方面的重要潜力。
2025年,电子科技大学研究团队提出并实验验证了一种基于AML-OEO的高相干多维度编码微波脉冲生成方案,系统结构如图12(a)所示[50]。该方案通过利用方波脉冲精细调控OEO谐振腔的环路增益,可实现输出微波脉冲位置与相位的多维编码。实验结果如图12(b)所示,该系统可在数GHz频率范围内生成脉冲宽度为50 ns、3 dB带宽为30 MHz的相干微波脉冲序列。通过精细设计注入信号的时频特性,成功实现了包括位置编码、线性调频位置码以及相位编码在内的多种复杂脉冲序列。在此基础上,该团队进一步开展了雷达测距实验验证,通过采用9位线性调频位置编码或13位巴克相位编码的脉冲序列,在30 m探测范围内实现了目标距离精确测量。该研究首次在单一AML-OEO系统中同时实现了脉冲幅度、位置与相位的多维调制,展现出优异的波形灵活性、高相干性与良好的无线传输性能,为抗干扰雷达、高速通信与精密测量系统提供了全新的信号产生解决方案。
同年,为提升AML-OEO的功能灵活性,本课题组提出了一种可编程锁模光电振荡器(Programmable Mode-locked Opto-Electronic Oscillator,PML-OEO),其系统架构如图13(a)所示[51]。该方案通过精确调控驱动信号的波形,实现了对光电振荡器锁模状态的可编程控制,进而可合成多种宽带任意微波波形。在该PML-OEO系统中,驱动信号的波形直接决定了锁模机制与输出信号特性:当输入线性锯齿波信号时,系统工作在傅里叶域锁模模式,能够产生带宽达10 GHz的连续波线性调频信号,其线性调频误差低至1.19%;当施加矩形驱动信号时,系统进入主动锁模模式,输出载波频率与占空比均可独立调谐的矩形微波脉冲;当采用梯形驱动信号时,系统实现双锁模运行,可生成占空比与带宽均灵活可调的线性调频脉冲。该PML-OEO系统不仅具备从连续波到脉冲、从单频信号到复杂编码波形的全面信号生成能力,且在带宽、调频线性度及频率调谐范围等关键性能指标上表现优异。本工作推动了光电振荡器从功能相对单一的信号源,向通用化、可编程的微波光子信号合成平台的重要跨越,为未来自适应雷达、集成传感通信等系统的发展提供了有效的技术支撑。
综上所述,基于主动锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术,提供了一种在光域直接生成高重复频率宽带微波脉冲并实现精确波形调控的有效途径。该技术的核心在于利用外部射频调制信号主动驱动光电振荡环路,从而生成相位高度相干、脉冲间隔严格锁定的微波梳。该方案有机结合了光电振荡器的低相位噪声优势与主动锁模技术的高重复频率及优异时序稳定性,实现了两者优势的有效融合。通过对光脉冲序列进行灵活的幅相调制,可在光域直接合成各类复杂编码波形,再经宽带光电转换后,即可高效生成高质量的任意微波波形。
表3系统总结了基于该技术的代表性研究进展,充分表明该方法在实现高性能、高灵活性的波形合成方面具备显著潜力与广阔应用前景。
在梳理了基于锁模光电振荡器的三种宽带任意波形合成技术的发展脉络与性能指标后,本节对这三种技术路线进行综合对比分析。
首先,从物理本质上看,无论是FDML-OEO、WIL-OEO还是AML-OEO,其核心均是通过精准调控驱动信号周期与环路延时之间的匹配关系来触发锁模。与传统OEO的单模振荡机制不同,进入锁模状态后,OEO谐振腔内多个纵模之间能够建立固定的相位关系,从而在频域上表现为宽带频谱,实现宽带信号的合成。然而,不同的锁模机制决定了三种技术路线在性能表现与应用场景上的差异:
FDML-OEO通过同步扫描腔内窄带滤波器的中心频率,并使其扫描周期与环路延时精确匹配。这种机制在频域内建立了稳定的多纵模相位关联,克服了传统OEO中模式建立时间的物理限制,从而能够实现快速频率扫描。相较于传统电学线性调频合成技术,基于FDML-OEO的方案充分发挥了OEO系统低相噪、大带宽的特点,在生成宽带任意波形方面展现出显著优势,但其性能仍受到多重物理因素的制约:首先,光纤色散效应会导致不同频率成分在环路内的延迟不一致,从而限制了有效扫频带宽并恶化了输出信号的线性度;此外,受限于调制器带宽、光放大器增益平坦度以及腔内非线性效应,信号在宽带范围内的信噪比和相干性难以维持在高水平;最后,由于涉及长距离光纤反馈回路,系统对环境温度和振动的敏感性导致其长期稳定性面临巨大挑战,通常需要复杂的补偿算法或环境隔离技术才能确保性能的长期稳定。
WIL-OEO技术通过将高稳定度的外部参考信号引入光电反馈环路,实现了外部种子源与高 Q 值振荡腔的深度融合。该技术的核心机理在于注入锁定效应,即通过外部信号的注入强制同步环路内数目众多的纵模相位,使其在时域波形与频域特征上与种子信号保持高度相干。这种机制有效地解决了传统锁模技术中波形畸变与频率漂移的问题,使生成的扫频信号能够精准继承注入源的高线性度与频率稳定度,使得其成为高性能雷达、高精密探测及电子对抗等对信号相干性与动态范围有苛刻要求场景的理想方案。然而,WIL-OEO 在实际应用中面临着严苛的参数平衡挑战。系统性能高度依赖于注入比与锁定带宽的匹配:若注入功率不足,则难以克服环路的自激振荡噪声,导致锁定失效;若注入功率过高,则可能诱发腔内非线性产物,恶化信号质量。因此,精确优化注入功率与腔体增益的比例关系,并维持锁定状态的鲁棒性,是实现 WIL-OEO系统高保真、低噪声输出的关键工程前提。
AML-OEO是一种通过外部调制机制实现多纵模相干同步的高性能光子学架构。其核心机理在于环路中集成的幅度调制器受外部超稳定源驱动,对光电环路的增益进行周期性调制。当驱动信号的频率(或其倍数)与环路自由光谱范围实现精确的延时匹配时,环路内的多个纵模将被强迫建立固定的相位关系,从而诱发相干振荡。这种机制在时域上表现为高度压缩的周期性超窄脉冲阵列,在频域上则转化为具有极高平坦度和相干性的微波频率梳,使其在精密计量、时钟分配及宽带信号合成领域占据核心地位。在工程实践应用中,调制深度的优化是决定系统性能的关键。调制深度直接影响着锁模的启动阈值与脉冲演化过程:调制强度不足会导致增益调制无法有效克服纵模间的自发辐射噪声,导致锁模状态失稳或产生显著的延时抖动;而过度调制则会引发调制器的非线性效应及腔内增益饱和,导致脉冲畸变、谱线展宽以及寄生调制产物的增加,进而损害输出信号的频谱纯度。因此,实现调制深度与腔内非线性效应的精细平衡,是获得高性能AML-OEO输出的先决条件。
宽带任意波形合成技术作为先进信号产生的核心手段,在高分辨率雷达、通信感知一体化、高分辨率激光成像等前沿场景中发挥着关键作用。下面对典型应用场景进行具体阐述:
高分辨率微波成像雷达在智能交通、安全监控与地形测绘等领域应用广泛,其性能提升依赖于更大的信号带宽与天线孔径。然而,传统电子雷达在宽带信号生成与处理方面存在固有局限,且在复杂电磁环境中连续宽频谱的使用日益受限。为应对上述挑战,2025年,南京航空航天大学团队提出了一种基于微波光子稀疏成像的雷达系统新架构,通过结合稀疏频谱信号与稀疏孔径采样,在有限频谱资源下实现了超高分辨率探测,系统结构如图14(a)所示[56]。该系统采用循环微波光子频率转换结构,通过对窄带线性调频信号与随机跳频参考信号进行协同调制,生成覆盖范围超过16 GHz的随机稀疏步进频率线性调频信号,实际占用频谱仅为4 GHz,显著提高了频谱利用效率与系统抗干扰能力。接收端基于光子去斜技术将宽带回波信号转换为低频信号,有效克服了电子模数转换器的速率限制。针对稀疏采样带来的信号不连续问题,研究进一步提出一种卷积增强平滑处理算法,通过增强雷达图像的局部结构特征,实现了高鲁棒性的稀疏成像重建。该算法支持一维距离像与二维逆合成孔径雷达图像的直接重构,避免了传统向量化方法中的大规模矩阵运算,显著提升了数据处理效率。实验结果如图14(b)所示,该系统可实现8.3 mm的距离分辨率,成功区分了相距仅8.4 mm的两个点目标,并在单摆振动监测与复杂目标逆合成孔径雷达(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, ISAR)成像实验中表现出优良性能。该研究通过融合微波光子技术与压缩感知理论,为复杂电磁环境下实现高分辨率、高抗干扰的微波成像提供了一种有效技术途径,推动了微波光子雷达向实用化、智能化方向的进一步发展。
随着6G网络朝着“万物智联”的方向演进,通信感知一体化已成为关键发展趋势。传统全电子系统在高频段面临带宽受限、性能下降等挑战,而光子技术凭借其宽带传输、低损耗及高频生成等优势,为构建高性能集成感知与通信网络提供了理想的技术路径。
2022年,复旦大学团队创新性地提出了一种基于频分复用的正交频分复用通信信号与线性调频雷达信号融合方法,其具体的系统示意图如图15所示。该方法实现了系统带宽的灵活分配,从而在通信速率与雷达分辨率之间达成动态平衡[57]。该系统采用两个自由运行的外腔激光器通过外差方式产生W波段信号,并借助微波光子技术完成信号的集中式处理与光纤传输。实验结果表明,在96.5 GHz频段上,系统经过10公里光纤与1米无线传输后,通信速率可在5.98 Gbit/s至41.48 Gbit/s范围内自适应调节,雷达分辨率则实现从1.53 cm至6.94 cm的灵活调控,校准后测距误差小于4 cm。此外,研究还深入分析了不同带宽分配比例下通信与感知性能的变化规律,并系统探讨了信号峰值电压、接收光功率等关键参数对系统性能的影响。该工作不仅验证了高频宽带信号在融合系统中的优越性能,也为未来6G网络中实现集中式、无缝光纤-无线融合网络架构提供了重要参考,在智慧城市、车联网等高需求应用场景中展现出广泛潜力。值得指出的是, 锁模光电振荡器作为一种关键的宽带微波信号光学合成技术,其产生的低相位噪声、大带宽信号,正是构建此类高性能通信感知一体化系统的理想源头,在未来应用中具有重要价值。
宽带任意波形合成技术是实现高精度激光四维成像的关键技术支撑,其通过电光调制灵活生成宽带、高质量的线性调频光信号,从而实现对目标三维形貌与动态速度的高分辨率同步感知。在调频连续波工作体制下,系统基于该技术产生的线性调频激光信号兼具高线性度与低相位噪声特性:大瞬时带宽显著提升系统距离分辨率,低相位噪声保障了对微弱回波信号的高灵敏度探测。同时,通过对回波信号进行多普勒频移分析与相位解调,系统能够同步提取目标的径向速度信息,最终构建出融合三维空间坐标与一维速度分量的完整四维成像信息。
2025年,本课题组提出了一种基于双电光频率梳与WIL-OEO的高精度四维并行激光雷达系统,其系统结构如图16(a)所示[58]。该系统通过融合双光梳与衍射光栅实现了多通道并行光学探测,显著降低了对机械扫描部件的依赖,提升了系统的稳定性和成像速度。为支撑高精度光学测距,系统采用WIL-OEO生成带宽为6 GHz、相位噪声低至-122.98 dBc/Hz@10 kHz的高质量线性调频微波波形,并通过电光调制将其转换为相应的调频连续波光学信号,从而在光学域实现宽带、低噪声的距离探测能力。在实验验证中,系统对定制目标进行了完整的四维成像测试,结果表明其距离测量精度可达0.4 mm,成像速率高达每秒0.19兆像素,体现了系统在高分辨率、高帧率成像方面的综合性能。该研究不仅验证了基于双电光频率梳与WIL-OEO的并行激光雷达架构的可行性,也为面向动态场景的高维光学感知系统提供了新的技术路径。
当前,基于分立元件的锁模光电振荡器系统在实际应用中面临体积大、功耗高、稳定性不足等问题,制约了其在高端装备与便携化设备中的进一步应用。为突破上述局限,集成化已成为锁模光电振荡器发展的重要方向之一[59-61]。通过多材料体系融合的集成方案,可将激光源、电光调制器、光电探测器及光学滤波器等核心功能单元集成于同一芯片上。该方案充分发挥磷化铟材料的增益特性、氮化硅波导的超低损耗优势、硅基光子的超紧凑集成优势和铌酸锂薄膜的高效电光调制能力,有望在芯片层面实现完整的片上光电振荡系统。此类集成化系统不仅能显著缩小体积、降低功耗,还可有效抑制因温度漂移和机械振动等引起的性能波动,从而大幅提升系统的稳定性与环境适应性。片上锁模光电振荡器的实现,将为机载雷达、卫星通信载荷及野战便携装备等高机动性平台的应用提供关键技术支撑。同时,该发展路径符合光电子技术向高集成度、低成本发展的趋势,有望推动微波光子技术在新兴领域的规模化应用。
面向6G移动通信与毫米波前沿应用(包括太赫兹通信、高分辨率成像及多维感知网络),锁模光电振荡器作为突破电子瓶颈的高性能微波光子信号生成关键技术,其向极高频、超宽带方向的持续演进已成为融合光子学、电子学与材料学的跨学科研究焦点[62-65]。该领域致力于系统性地攻克传统电子方法在毫米波与太赫兹频段面临的固有局限,包括相位噪声恶化、带宽受限及动态重构能力不足等挑战,旨在实现从毫米波至太赫兹频段高稳定、可重构的信号生成与处理,从而为高频谱效率通信、超高分辨率雷达成像、精密时频同步以及智能融合感知等下一代应用场景提供关键技术支撑。
为应对日益复杂密集的电磁频谱环境对信号源灵活性、适应性与智能重构能力的迫切需求,锁模光电振荡器与软件定义光/电架构的深度融合,成为实现智能化可编程微波信号生成的关键技术路径[66-67]。该技术通过构建开放式可编程微波光子信号生成平台,融合人工智能与机器学习算法,使系统能依据实时频谱态势、目标特征及干扰模式,自主完成对输出信号频率、带宽、波形与调制格式的动态优化与智能重构,从而在复杂电磁环境中实现持续最优性能。相关技术进展将推动新一代具备环境感知与自主决策能力的智能射频系统发展,为认知雷达、智能通信及自适应频谱感知等关键领域提供高带宽、高灵活性的信号生成与处理核心支撑,进而在军民频谱应用中形成显著技术优势。
宽带任意波形作为现代电子系统的核心信息载体,其波形质量直接决定了系统在探测精度、抗干扰能力、频谱效率与数据传输速率等关键性能。然而,传统的电学生成方法受限于“电子瓶颈”,在信号带宽、调谐灵活性与频率纯度等方面面临显著制约。微波光子技术凭借其大带宽、低相位噪声和灵活的信号重构能力,为突破上述瓶颈提供了新的技术路径。其中,光电振荡器作为产生高纯度微波信号的关键方案,已受到广泛关注。锁模光电振荡器则进一步拓展了信号带宽与调制格式的灵活性,为宽带任意波形的光学合成奠定了关键技术基础。本文系统性地阐述了基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展。首先,深入阐释了傅里叶域锁模、宽带注入锁定与主动锁模三类典型锁模光电振荡器的工作原理与机制特点。在此基础上,全面梳理和对比了本课题组及相关团队在该领域的代表性工作与性能突破。进一步,结合前沿应用场景,深入分析了该技术在微波光子雷达高分辨率成像、通信感知一体化融合系统、高分辨率激光雷达及智能频谱感知等领域的应用潜力与实践挑战。最后,立足当前技术发展现状,对该领域在性能边界拓展、多材料体系异构集成、软件定义架构与智能波形动态重构等方向的发展趋势进行了系统分析与展望。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
LONG T, LIANG Z, LIU Q. Advanced technology of high-resolution radar: target detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2019, 62(4): 40301.
2
BELLALTA B, BONONI L, BRUNO R, et al. Next generation IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks: current status, future directions and open challenges[J]. Computer Communications, 2016, 75: 1-25.
3
SPEZIO A E. Electronic warfare systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, 50(3): 633-644.
4
KODHELI O, LAGUNAS E, MATURO N, et al. Satellite communications in the new space era: a survey and future challenges[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2020, 23(1): 70-109.
5
O'SULLIVAN C K, GUILBAULT G G. Commercial quartz crystal microbalances-theory and applications[J]. Biosensors and bioelectronics, 1999, 14(8-9): 663-670.
6
PLOURDE J K, REN C L. Application of dielectric resonators in microwave components[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1981, 29(8): 754-770.
7
XIE Z, ZHENG X, LI S, et al. An injection-locked OEO based frequency doubler independent of electrical doubler phase noise deteriorating rule[J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 416: 202-206.
8
YAO J. Microwave photonics[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(3): 314-335.
9
CAPMANY J, MORA J, GASULLA I, et al. Microwave photonic signal processing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 31(4): 571-586.
10
MARPAUNG D, ROELOFFZEN C, HEIDEMAN R, et al. Integrated microwave photonics[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2013, 7(4): 506-538.
11
PÉREZ D, GASULLA I, CAPMANY J. Toward programmable microwave photonics processors[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017, 36(2): 519-532.
12
COLDREN L A. Photonic integrated circuits for microwave photonics[C]. 2010 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. IEEE, 2010: 1-4.
13
SERAFINO G, SCOTTI F, LEMBO L, et al. Toward a new generation of radar systems based on microwave photonic technologies[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(2): 643-650.
14
MORTON P A, MORTON M J. High-power, ultra-low noise hybrid lasers for microwave photonics and optical sensing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2018, 36(21): 5048-5057.
15
WU J, PENG J, LIU B, et al. Passive silicon photonic devices for microwave photonic signal processing[J]. Optics Communications, 2016, 373: 44-52.
16
PANDA S S S, PANIGRAHI T, PARNE S R, et al. Recent advances and future directions of microwave photonic radars: a review[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(19): 21144-21158.
17
MCKINNEY J D, SEO D, LEAIRD D E, et al. Photonically assisted generation of arbitrary millimeter-wave and microwave electromagnetic waveforms via direct space-to-time optical pulse shaping[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(12): 3020.
18
ZEITOUNY A, STEPANOV S, LEVINSON O, et al. Optical generation of linearly chirped microwave pulses using fiber Bragg gratings[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(3): 660-662.
19
CHI H, ZENG F, YAO J. Photonic generation of microwave signals based on pulse shaping[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(9): 668-670.
20
WANG C, YAO J. Large time-bandwidth product microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a spatially discrete chirped fiber Bragg grating[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2010, 28(11): 1652-1660.
21
GAO H, LEI C, CHEN M, et al. A simple photonic generation of linearly chirped microwave pulse with large time-bandwidth product and high compression ratio[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(20): 23107-23115.
22
MALEKI L. The optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(12): 728-730.
23
HAO T, LIU Y, TANG J, et al. Recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators[J]. Advanced Photonics, 2020, 2(4): 044001.
24
LI M, HAO T, LI W, et al. Tutorial on optoelectronic oscillators[J]. APL Photonics, 2021, 6(6): 061101.
25
CHEMBO Y K, BRUNNER D, JACQUOT M, et al. Optoelectronic oscillators with time-delayed feedback[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2019, 91(3): 035006.
26
YANG J. An optical domain combined dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(11): 807-809.
27
YAO X S, DAVIS L, MALEKI L. Coupled optoelectronic oscillators for generating both RF signal and optical pulses[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2002, 18(1): 73-78.
28
HASANUZZAMAN G K M, IEZEKIEL S, KANNO A. W-band optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2020, 32(13): 771-774.
29
LIU Y, HAO T, LI W, et al. Observation of parity-time symmetry in microwave photonics[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2018, 7(1): 38.
30
ZHANG J, LI L, WANG G, et al. Parity-time symmetry in wavelength space within a single spatial resonator[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3217.
31
HAO T, CEN Q, DAI Y, et al. Breaking the limitation of mode building time in an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1839.
32
LIU M, LIU S, ZHU N, et al. Low phase noise wideband LFM signal generation by injection-locking an optoelectronic oscillator[C]. Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, Optica Publishing Group, 2021: JS3D. 5.
33
YANG B, ZHAO H, CAO Z, et al. Active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2020, 28(22): 33220-33227.
34
HAO T, TANG J, LI W, et al. Tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator using stimulated Brillouin scattering[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2018, 30(21): 1842-1845.
35
ZHU R, XU M, LIU Q, et al. Photonic generation of flexible ultra-wide linearly-chirped microwave waveforms[J]. Optics Express, 2021, 29(26): 43731-43744.
36
HAO T, TANG J, SHI N, et al. Dual-chirp Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2019, 44(8): 1912-1915.
37
LIU R, WANG A, DU P, et al. Simultaneous generation of ultra-wideband LFM and phase-coded LFM microwave waveforms based on an improved frequency-sweeping OEO[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 459: 124938.
38
CHEN Y, ZUO P, SHI T. Optoelectronic oscillator for arbitrary microwave waveform generation[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2021, 39(19): 6033-6044.
39
HONG X, CHENG Y, WANG B, et al. On-chip photonic generation of tunable wideband phase-coded linearly-chirped microwave waveforms[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2023, 41(19): 6199-6207.
40
HONG X, YU Z, YU W, WANG B, et al. Independently tunable dual-band linearly-chirped microwave waveforms generation on a silicon photonic chip[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2024, 42(16), 5476-5484.
41
LIU M, LIU S, YANG L, et al. Improving the quality of arbitrary periodic waveform via injection-locking of an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 72(11): 6678-6685.
42
ZHANG W, LIU Y, WANG B. Low-phase-noise ultra-wide arbitrary waveforms generation using a wideband injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(21): 7693-7702.
43
ZENG Z, ZHANG L, ZHANG Y, et al. Microwave pulse generation via employing an electric signal modulator to achieve time-domain mode locking in an optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46(9): 2107-2110.
44
WU Y, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, et al. Modeling an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on electric amplitude modulation[J]. Optics Express, 2021, 29(15): 23835-23846.
45
WO J, ZHANG J, WANG Y. Actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for microwave pulse generation[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2022, 146: 107563.
46
LIN C, WANG Y, WANG A, et al. Active mode lock optoelectronic oscillator based on the simulated Brillouin scattering effect[J]. Applied Optics, 2022, 61(24): 7071-7077.
47
YANG B, YU J, CHI H, et al. Polarization multiplexed active mode-locking optoelectronic oscillator for frequency tunable dual-band microwave pulse signals generation[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(15): 27132-27139.
48
LIU P, SHI S, LU M, et al. Tunable microwave frequency comb generation using a Si3N4-MDR based actively mode-locked OEO[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(14): 25380-25389.
49
WANG B, LIU Y, JIANG Y, et al. Frequency-tunable microwave pulse generation using a dual-drive active mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(23): 8221-8228.
50
XU Z, ZENG Z, ZHANG L, et al. Coherent microwave pulse train generation with encoded position and phase in actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(12): 8221-8228.
51
WANG B, TONG J, YAN R, et al. Programmable mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator for wideband arbitrary microwave waveforms generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(11): 9381-9391.
52
LI B, WU R H, WANG Z Y, et al. Rational number harmonic mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator with low supermode noise and low intermodulation distortions[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(17): 30303-30311.
53
ZHANG Y, LI J, MENG C, et al. Actively mode-locked modulator-free optoelectronic oscillator for multi-functional microwave pulse generation[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2024, 42(19): 6760-6766.
54
ZENG Z, LIU Y, XU Z, et al. Position-definable coherent microwave pulse train generation in an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 2025, 50(3): 718-721.
55
DU C, LIU S, YANG L, et al. Low-spurious multiformat microwave signal generation based on an actively mode-locked dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(11): 9361-9368.
56
MA C, WANG X, DING Z, et al. High-resolution microwave photonic sparse imaging radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2025, 73(8): 5316-5326.
57
DONG B, JIA J, LI G, et al. Demonstration of photonics-based flexible integration of sensing and communication with adaptive waveforms for a W-band fiber-wireless integrated network[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(22): 40936-40950.
58
TIAN J, TONG J, et al. High-precision 4D parallel LiDAR based on dual electro-optic combs and injection-locked OEO[C]//2025 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP).
59
TANG J, HAO T, LI W, et al. Integrated optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(9): 12257-12265.
60
ZHANG G, HAO T, CEN Q, et al. Hybrid-integrated wideband tunable optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Optics Express, 2023, 31(10): 16929-16938.
61
LI M, GUO L, SUN D, et al. Integrated coupled optoelectronic oscillator for ultra-low-noise and ultra-wideband tunable microwave generation[J]. Photonics Research, 2025, 13(9): 2618-2629.
62
GE Z, HAO T, CAPMANY J, et al. Broadband random optoelectronic oscillator[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 5724.
63
HAO T, CEN Q, GUAN S, et al. Optoelectronic parametric oscillator[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2020, 9(1): 102.
64
LI M, HAO T, LI G, et al. Time-variant parity-time symmetry in frequency-scanning systems[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 8710.
65
HAO T, DING H, LI W, et al. Dissipative microwave photonic solitons in spontaneous frequency-hopping optoelectronic oscillators[J]. Photonics research, 2022, 10(5): 1280-1289.
66
CEN Q, DING H, HAO T, et al. Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022, 11(1): 333.
67
HU Z, REN Y, MENG Y, et al. Programmable optoelectronic Ising machine for optimization of real-world problems[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2026, 15(1): 6.
2026年第55卷第3期
PDF下载
139
61
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102
  • 接收时间:2025-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16
  • 录用日期:2026-01-27
基金
作者信息
    1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
    2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gzxb/CN/10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏