Article(id=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355102, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355102, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765814400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1769443200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-27, onlineDate=1791626849057, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791626849057, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791626849057, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791626849057, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315741514865689424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='378', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791626822438, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791626932547, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=32, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315741626710999626, articleId=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Advances in Broadband Arbitrary Waveform Optical Synthesis Based on Mode-locked Optoelectronic Oscillators (Invited), columnId=1315741516451136338, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Special Issue for Microwave Photonics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The ability to generate dynamically reconfigurable broadband arbitrary waveforms is of paramount importance for advanced radar imaging, next-generation wireless communications, integrated sensing and communication, and electronic warfare systems. These applications demand waveforms with large time-bandwidth products, complex modulation, and low phase noise to ensure high resolution, superior data throughput, and robust anti-jamming resilience. However, traditional electronic approaches are fundamentally constrained by the electronic bottleneck, which severely restricts instantaneous bandwidth, tuning agility and power efficiency, particularly at high frequencies. In this context, microwave photonics has emerged as a transformative paradigm by leveraging the intrinsic advantages of photonic technologies, including ultra-wide bandwidth, low transmission loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this field, opto-electronic oscillators are well known for generating microwave signals with ultra-high spectral purity, which is enabled by high-quality-factor resonators formed using long optical fiber delay lines. However, the inherently single-frequency nature of conventional opto-electronic oscillators renders them ill-suited for complex and wideband waveform synthesis.
The incorporation of mode-locking mechanism into opto-electronic oscillator architectures has given rise to mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators, representing a major breakthrough that enables the coherent synthesis of broadband waveforms while maintaining low phase noise. This review systematically presents three representative mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator architectures: the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator, and the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator. The Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs a high-speed tunable filter that is periodically scanned in synchronization with the cavity round-trip time, thereby creating a dynamic spectral storage mechanism that enables the sequential amplification of distinct frequency components. Initially demonstrated for the generation of wideband linear frequency-modulated waveforms, the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator has since evolved to produce dual-chirp signals, phase-coded linear frequency-modulated waveforms, and fully programmable arbitrary waveforms through precise control of the filter scanning trajectory. In contrast to the Fourier-domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator, the wideband injection-locked opto-electronic oscillator introduces an external broadband seed signal, typically generated by an arbitrary waveform generator, into a free-running opto-electronic oscillator cavity. The high-quality-factor resonator functions as a spectral purifier, substantially reducing phase noise and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio while faithfully replicating the modulation profile of the injected seed signal. Alternately, the active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator employs periodic gain modulation at a frequency matched to the cavity free spectral range or its harmonics, thereby actively phase-locking multiple longitudinal modes to form a coherent microwave frequency comb that manifests as a pulse train in the time domain. The active mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator facilitates precise repetition-rate control and has evolved to support tunable dual-band operation, multidimensional pulse coding (time, phase, and amplitude), and fully programmable architectures for seamless switching between diverse waveform formats.
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and system architectures for each approach, alongside a comparative evaluation of critical metrics such as bandwidth, phase noise, and time-bandwidth product. The wideband arbitrary waveforms generated by mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators hold great potentials for various applications. In high-resolution radar and imaging, these waveforms provide the bandwidth necessary to achieve millimeter-scale spatial resolution while ensuring robust resilience against electronic interference. In integrated sensing and communication systems, the wideband microwave signals leverage a unified hardware platform to support high-throughput communications alongside high-resolution sensing, effectively eliminating the trade-offs between data rate and detection accuracy. Furthermore, in advanced LiDAR systems, such waveforms support high-fidelity 4D imaging, capturing 3D structural details and instantaneous Doppler velocity with millimeter-level accuracy.
Future research is expected to advance along several key frontiers multi-material hybrid integration using materials such as InP, Si3N4, and LiNbO3 to realize compact, stable, chip-scale devices; extension of high-frequency and ultra-wideband operation into the millimeter-wave and terahertz regimes; and the realization of software-defined, intelligent reconfiguration enabled by artificial intelligence for cognitive waveform adaptation. In summary, mode-locked opto-electronic oscillators constitute a versatile and powerful photonic platform that effectively overcomes the electronic bottleneck. They establish a robust foundation for the generation of wideband software-defined microwave waveforms, which are essential for advancing next-generation radar, communication, and sensing systems.
, authors=Bin WANG
1, 2, Yangteng ZHANG
1, 2, Xinlin ZHU
1, 2, Rui ZHU
1, 2, Xu HONG
1, 2, Weifeng ZHANG
1, 2, authorsList=Bin WANG, Yangteng ZHANG, Xinlin ZHU, Rui ZHU, Xu HONG, Weifeng ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weifeng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315741631593169515, articleId=1315741626513867337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术进展(特邀), columnId=1315741519718494875, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=“微波光子学”专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
宽带任意波形作为现代电子系统的核心信息载体,其波形质量直接决定了系统在探测精度、抗干扰能力、频谱效率、数据传输速率等方面的关键性能指标。然而,传统电子学生成方法受限于“电子瓶颈”,在信号带宽、调谐灵活性等方面面临严峻挑战。微波光子信号产生技术以其大带宽、低相噪和灵活的信号重构能力,为突破上述局限提供了新的技术路径。在微波信号光学合成架构中,光电振荡器作为产生高纯度微波信号的核心方案之一,受到广泛关注。在此基础上发展出的锁模光电振荡器,进一步拓展了生成信号的带宽与调制格式,为宽带任意波形的光学合成奠定了关键技术基础。本文系统性地介绍了基于锁模光电振荡器的宽带任意波形光学合成技术。首先,深入阐述了傅里叶域锁模、宽带注入锁定与主动锁模三类典型锁模光电振荡器的工作原理。在此基础上,全面梳理并对比了本课题组及相关团队在该领域的代表性成果,进而探讨了该技术在高分辨率雷达、通感一体化、激光雷达成像等领域的应用潜力,最后对该技术存在的关键挑战与潜在研究方向进行了总结与展望。
, authors=王彬
1, 2, 张扬腾
1, 2, 朱薪霖
1, 2, 朱睿
1, 2, 洪旭
1, 2, 张伟锋
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1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
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1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
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1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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1, 2, address=
1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081
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15(1): 6., articleTitle=Programmable optoelectronic Ising machine for optimization of real-world problems, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741631819661932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631828050541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631836439150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631819661932, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1北京理工大学 信息与电子学院,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315741631907742319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631916130928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741631924519537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, companyId=1315741631907742319, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315741635795862177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Schematic and principle of the FDML-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO; (b) Principle of the microwave photonic filter based on PM-IM conversion, figureFileSmall=zbOnthfui+94HKi13UNQww==, figureFileBig=qHntdhE9Y9/mLHreVxsjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741635904914082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)傅里叶域锁模光电振荡器原理图;(b)基于相位调制到强度调制转换的微波光子滤波器示意图, figureFileSmall=zbOnthfui+94HKi13UNQww==, figureFileBig=qHntdhE9Y9/mLHreVxsjQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636123017891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic and principle of the WIL-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the WIL-OEO; (b) Principle of wideband injection locking, figureFileSmall=izWtUM4YPW0fdqBIka68iQ==, figureFileBig=Pw7NAomCgQJXGckM9fuXQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636219486884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
宽带注入锁定光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)宽带注入锁定光电振荡器原理图;(b)宽带注入锁定原理, figureFileSmall=izWtUM4YPW0fdqBIka68iQ==, figureFileBig=Pw7NAomCgQJXGckM9fuXQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636299178661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Schematic and principle of the AML-OEO system. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO; (b) Principle of active mode locking, figureFileSmall=yINQ8Ac/APARHkmxJyKqLg==, figureFileBig=htRnnBg14xi8SbAdXuB/jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636395647654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
主动锁模光电振荡器结构及原理图。(a)主动锁模光电振荡器原理图;(b)主动锁模原理, figureFileSmall=yINQ8Ac/APARHkmxJyKqLg==, figureFileBig=htRnnBg14xi8SbAdXuB/jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636475339431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Broadband linearly chirped microwave signal generation based on FDML-OEO[31]. (a) Experimental setup of the FDML-OEO; (b) Bandwidth tuning; (c) Center frequency tuning, figureFileSmall=ys+/ryacx1vgWXhhzfZ9pQ==, figureFileBig=ST5uAG7IoEUx4rjeSjDDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636538253992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
基于FDML-OEO的线性啁啾信号产生方案[31]。(a)FDML-OEO的实验装置;(b)带宽调谐;(c)中心频率调谐, figureFileSmall=ys+/ryacx1vgWXhhzfZ9pQ==, figureFileBig=ST5uAG7IoEUx4rjeSjDDWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636605362857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on FDML-OEO[38]. (a) Experimental setup of the wideband arbitrary waveform generation system based on FDML-OEO, (b) Experimental results of the generated microwave signals, figureFileSmall=e3w28mFZt9pzfsNzSWCI5A==, figureFileBig=633vk/T3f/dokBX/usmS5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636676666026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学产生方案[38]。(a)基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形生成系统实验装置;(b)产生微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=e3w28mFZt9pzfsNzSWCI5A==, figureFileBig=633vk/T3f/dokBX/usmS5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636756357803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Frequency-phase combined encoding microwave signal generation based on a silicon photonic chip[39]. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated frequency-phase combined coding microwave signal, figureFileSmall=yDq13iQYb9UN+XEqiLK5/Q==, figureFileBig=YJa5eptiRGyu3rTzcik0gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636861215404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
基于硅光子芯片的频率-相位复合编码微波信号生成系统[39]。(a)FDML-OEO的示意图;(b)生成的频率-相位复合编码微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=yDq13iQYb9UN+XEqiLK5/Q==, figureFileBig=YJa5eptiRGyu3rTzcik0gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741636940907181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
FDML-OEO based on cascaded micro-ring resonator[40]. (a) Schematic of the FDML-OEO based on cascaded micro-ring resonator; (b) Calculated spectrograms of the generated dual-band linearly chirped microwave waveforms, figureFileSmall=iYv0qQE/TK1t49a8NAPp1w==, figureFileBig=riHQ+m7CLWOODIwR52FgLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637028987566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
基于级联硅基微环谐振腔的FDML-OEO系统[40]。(a)基于级联微环谐振腔的FDML-OEO示意图;(b)计算生成的双波段线性调频微波波形的频谱图, figureFileSmall=iYv0qQE/TK1t49a8NAPp1w==, figureFileBig=riHQ+m7CLWOODIwR52FgLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637096096431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
High-quality arbitrary waveforms generation based on WIL-OEO[41]. (a) Experimental setup of the WIL-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated wideband microwave signals, figureFileSmall=UDoasw260NmxHWNUZN8hoQ==, figureFileBig=ofub+ElY+YwOZwda6VR/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637188371120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
基于WIL-OEO的高质量任意波形产生技术[41]。(a)WIL-OEO的实验装置;(b)生成宽带微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=UDoasw260NmxHWNUZN8hoQ==, figureFileBig=ofub+ElY+YwOZwda6VR/Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637251285681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Broadband microwave signal optical generation system based on WIL-OEO and photonics-assisted frequency multiplication [42]. (a) Schematic of the wideband arbitrary waveform generation system; (b) Experimental results of the generated wideband microwave signals, figureFileSmall=fsoxNOR/9YbHW2RiCG+D8Q==, figureFileBig=Rj/qMOzNPvUkZe7CcxWGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637322588850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
基于WIL-OEO和光学辅助倍频的宽带微波信号光学合成系统[42]。(a)宽带任意波形生成系统示意图;(b)生成宽带微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=fsoxNOR/9YbHW2RiCG+D8Q==, figureFileBig=Rj/qMOzNPvUkZe7CcxWGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637398086323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Dual-band AML-OEO based on polarization division multiplexing [47]. (a) Schematic of the dual-band AML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated dual-band microwave pulses, figureFileSmall=wWTFkIcgZxroevV0UjgWXA==, figureFileBig=pwxllpJ0PJy+fAzUUfnUTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637473583796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
基于偏振复用的双频段AML-OEO系统[47]。(a)双频段AML-OEO示意图;(b)生成双波段微波脉冲实验结果, figureFileSmall=wWTFkIcgZxroevV0UjgWXA==, figureFileBig=pwxllpJ0PJy+fAzUUfnUTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637578441397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
AML-OEO system based on dual-driven silicon-based microring resonator [49]. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO; (b) Experimental results of the generated microwave pulse, figureFileSmall=op0DV7NcAtbgZvsK+Z79eQ==, figureFileBig=r2UjYN8K1c8T0tRZAbTa6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637670716086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
基于双驱动硅基微环谐振腔的AML-OEO系统[49]。(a)AML-OEO示意图;(b)生成微波脉冲的实验结果, figureFileSmall=op0DV7NcAtbgZvsK+Z79eQ==, figureFileBig=r2UjYN8K1c8T0tRZAbTa6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637746213559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Photonic generation of position-coded and phase-coded coherent microwave pulse sequences based on AML-OEO[50]. (a) Schematic of the AML-OEO for coherent microwave pulse train generation; (b) Experimental results of the generated position-coded and the phase-coded microwave pulse trains, figureFileSmall=iTpnQOqEU4VM04yAOLh0sw==, figureFileBig=ZeKfW1mKYunefkNiYdulaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637838488248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
基于AML-OEO的位置和相位编码微波脉冲序列产生系统[50]。(a)用于相干微波脉冲序列生成的 AML-OEO 示意图;(b)生成位置和相位编码微波脉冲序列的实验结果, figureFileSmall=iTpnQOqEU4VM04yAOLh0sw==, figureFileBig=ZeKfW1mKYunefkNiYdulaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741637943345849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Broadband arbitrary waveform generation scheme based on PML-OEO[51]. (a) Schematic of the PML-OEO;(b) Experimental results of the generated microwave signals, figureFileSmall=Pp7Z2h9R58cYkJc7jiNeYA==, figureFileBig=wao5d/q9DtbGQAVwNUPLag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741638018843322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
基于可编程锁模OEO的宽带任意波形产生方案[51]。(a)可编程锁模OEO示意图;(b)生成微波信号的实验结果, figureFileSmall=Pp7Z2h9R58cYkJc7jiNeYA==, figureFileBig=wao5d/q9DtbGQAVwNUPLag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639658816187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Microwave photonic sparse imaging system[56]. (a) Schematic of the microwave photonic radar system; (b) ISAR images of the targets, figureFileSmall=DLQZ7ajFdWbablV0RuVKng==, figureFileBig=r+2P25iO83w6rxEJDKv7uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639738507964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
高分辨率微波光子成像雷达系统[56]。(a)微波光子雷达系统示意图;(b)目标的ISAR成像, figureFileSmall=DLQZ7ajFdWbablV0RuVKng==, figureFileBig=r+2P25iO83w6rxEJDKv7uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639818199741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Adaptive photonics-enabled integrated sensing and communication system[57], figureFileSmall=EVfqL3DdWZZRdsS+z4i4yg==, figureFileBig=dFpSjcJQaKPRDp4Tc4iN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639897891518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
自适应光学辅助通信感知一体化系统[57], figureFileSmall=EVfqL3DdWZZRdsS+z4i4yg==, figureFileBig=dFpSjcJQaKPRDp4Tc4iN/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741639973388991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
High-precision LiDAR 4D imaging system[58]. (a) Experimental setup of the 4D Lidar imaging system; (b) 4D Lidar imaging results of the target, figureFileSmall=mmOa6JdLqV6ywrMFHdrJ0g==, figureFileBig=JkvBtXyvUQAMr0zjaHBTMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741640044692160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
高精度激光雷达四维成像系统[58]。(a)激光雷达四维成像系统实验设置;(b)目标的激光雷达四维成像结果, figureFileSmall=mmOa6JdLqV6ywrMFHdrJ0g==, figureFileBig=JkvBtXyvUQAMr0zjaHBTMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741640132772545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Research progress on wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on FDML-OEO
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Maximum bandwidth/GHz | Frequency tuning range/GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| FDML-OEO based on PS-FBG | 7.5 | 5~17 | LCMW(a) | [31] |
| FDML-OEO based on SBS | 4.35 | 1~14.4 | LCMW | [34] |
| FDML-OEO based on DP-QPSK | 10.8 | 16.2~23.2 | LCMW, Dual-band LCMW | [35] |
| FDML-OEO based on dual laser sources | 3.4 | 9.7~10.3 | Dual-chirp LCMW | [36] |
| FDML-OEO+phase modulation | 8 | 16~20 | LCMW, PC-LFM(b) | [37] |
| FDML-OEO based on time-varying microwave photonic filter | 2 | / | LCMW, NLCMW(c), FHMW(d), PC-LCMW | [38] |
| FDML-OEO based on cascaded microring resonators | 1.5 | 7.5~12.5 | Dual-chirp LCMW | [39] |
| FDML-OEO | 6 | 12~16 | LCMW, PC-LCMW | [40] |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640208270018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
基于FDML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Maximum bandwidth/GHz | Frequency tuning range/GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| FDML-OEO based on PS-FBG | 7.5 | 5~17 | LCMW(a) | [31] |
| FDML-OEO based on SBS | 4.35 | 1~14.4 | LCMW | [34] |
| FDML-OEO based on DP-QPSK | 10.8 | 16.2~23.2 | LCMW, Dual-band LCMW | [35] |
| FDML-OEO based on dual laser sources | 3.4 | 9.7~10.3 | Dual-chirp LCMW | [36] |
| FDML-OEO+phase modulation | 8 | 16~20 | LCMW, PC-LFM(b) | [37] |
| FDML-OEO based on time-varying microwave photonic filter | 2 | / | LCMW, NLCMW(c), FHMW(d), PC-LCMW | [38] |
| FDML-OEO based on cascaded microring resonators | 1.5 | 7.5~12.5 | Dual-chirp LCMW | [39] |
| FDML-OEO | 6 | 12~16 | LCMW, PC-LCMW | [40] |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640275378883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Research progress on wideband arbitrary waveform generation based on WIL-OEO
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Maximum bandwidth/GHz | Frequency tuning range/GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| WIL-OEO | 2 | 6.5~8.5 | LCMW | [32] |
| WIL-OEO | 0.4 | / | LCMW, FHMW, PCMW(a) | [41] |
| WIL-OEO+Frequency multiplication | 12 | 22~30 | LCMW, FHMW | [42] |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640367653572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基于WIL-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Maximum bandwidth/GHz | Frequency tuning range/GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| WIL-OEO | 2 | 6.5~8.5 | LCMW | [32] |
| WIL-OEO | 0.4 | / | LCMW, FHMW, PCMW(a) | [41] |
| WIL-OEO+Frequency multiplication | 12 | 22~30 | LCMW, FHMW | [42] |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640447345349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Research progress of broadband arbitrary waveform synthesis based on AML-OEO
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Frequency tuning range /GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| Polarization multiplexed AML-OEO | 4~10 | Dual-band microwave pulse | [47] |
| AML-OEO based on Si3N4 micro-disk resonator | 1~22 | Tunable microwave pulse | [48] |
| Dual-drive AML-OEO | 6~18 | Tunable microwave pulse | [49] |
| AML-OEO based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator | / | Position-coded microwave pulse, phase-coded microwave pulse | [50] |
| PML-OEO(a) | 10~23 | LCMW, FHMW, LCMP(b) | [51] |
| Dual-loop hamonic AML-OEO | / | Microwave frequency comb | [52] |
| Modulator-free AML-OEO | / | Microwave pulse, staggered pulse | [53] |
| AML-OEO driven by customized waveforms | / | Position-definable coherent microwave pulse | [54] |
| Dual-loop AML-OEO | / | Staggered pulse signal, rectangular microwave waveforms | [55] |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741640518648518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741626513867337, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
基于AML-OEO的宽带任意波形光学合成技术研究进展
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Methods | Frequency tuning range /GHz | Waveform types | References |
|---|
| Polarization multiplexed AML-OEO | 4~10 | Dual-band microwave pulse | [47] |
| AML-OEO based on Si3N4 micro-disk resonator | 1~22 | Tunable microwave pulse | [48] |
| Dual-drive AML-OEO | 6~18 | Tunable microwave pulse | [49] |
| AML-OEO based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator | / | Position-coded microwave pulse, phase-coded microwave pulse | [50] |
| PML-OEO(a) | 10~23 | LCMW, FHMW, LCMP(b) | [51] |
| Dual-loop hamonic AML-OEO | / | Microwave frequency comb | [52] |
| Modulator-free AML-OEO | / | Microwave pulse, staggered pulse | [53] |
| AML-OEO driven by customized waveforms | / | Position-definable coherent microwave pulse | [54] |
| Dual-loop AML-OEO | / | Staggered pulse signal, rectangular microwave waveforms | [55] |
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