Article(id=1315741665097265784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265503.0312002, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265503.0312002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1767110400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-12-31, onlineDate=1791626858256, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791626858256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791626858256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791626858256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315741514865689424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='378', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791626822438, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791626932547, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315741977111540219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315741514865689424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=319, endPage=339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315741666577855100, articleId=1315741665097265784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=An FPGA-based Real-time Laser Interferometric Length Measurement System with Point-by-point Phase Computation, columnId=1315741666489774715, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the rapid development of precision manufacturing, semiconductor lithography, and aerospace engineering, ultra-precision machining and metrology have placed higher demands on micro-displacement measurement systems that combine nanometer-level precision with high-bandwidth real-time performance. In dynamic, high-speed motion scenarios, such systems not only need to achieve extremely high resolution but also provide low-latency data processing at high sampling rates. As a fundamental technology in modern length metrology, laser interferometry has inherent advantages in terms of accuracy and stability. However, traditional software-based processing architectures rely on CPUs and sequential execution models, often encountering severe computational bottlenecks when processing high-speed interferometric signals. These limitations make it difficult to simultaneously meet the conflicting demands of large measurement range, high resolution, and real-time detection. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a single-frequency laser displacement measurement system based on FPGA, which integrates an FPGA platform and a high-performance point-by-point phase calculation algorithm. By transferring the signal processing algorithm from software to a dedicated hardware logic platform and employing parallel computing and a pipelined approach, the system significantly improves real-time performance while maintaining nanometer-level measurement accuracy.
First, this paper establishes a four-channel orthogonal laser interferometry structure and develops a real-time phase demodulation method based on the phase difference between adjacent sampling points. By introducing phase jump correction and cumulative phase compensation mechanisms, the algorithm effectively solves the problems of phase unwrapping ambiguity and displacement direction discrimination under high-speed motion conditions, thereby ensuring the continuity and robustness of displacement measurement. Meanwhile, to analyze the impact of non-ideal optical elements on nonlinear errors, this paper constructs a systematic error model using Jones matrix theory. This model quantitatively analyzes the effects of waveplate angle misalignment and Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS) splitting ratio imbalance on the interference signal, revealing their roles in introducing DC offset, amplitude mismatch, and non-orthogonality between orthogonal channels. Based on this analysis, this paper designs a vector-based error compensation algorithm to correct these defects, thereby significantly improving phase linearity and overall measurement accuracy. Based on the proposed algorithm, a complete experimental test platform was established, and a host-computer-based multi-threaded displacement measurement software was developed to evaluate the system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that, within a measurement range of 200 μm, the system achieves a statistical measurement accuracy better than 10 nm while supporting millisecond-level data update rates, thereby validating the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.
Based on the validated theoretical and software framework, this paper further develops an FPGA hardware system integrating a high-speed multi-channel ADC to comprehensively enhance real-time processing capabilities. By employing a fully pipelined architecture and dedicated parallel processing units, key algorithms such as error compensation and phase demodulation are transformed into hardware logic. This hardware-oriented design ensures stable and predictable computational latency, which is crucial for real-time measurement. Experimental comparisons show that the results of the FPGA-based hardware processing are in high agreement with the results of the host multi-threaded software algorithm, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of only 9.16 nm and statistical accuracy consistently maintained within 10 nm. Real-time performance evaluation further validates the advantages of the proposed system. The initial processing latency is reduced to 10.4 μs, and the displacement data update cycle reaches 100 ns. Therefore, the system can reconstruct complete micrometer-level motion trajectories in real time within 1 millisecond, representing a significant performance improvement compared to traditional CPU-based processing architectures. These performance characteristics make the system particularly suitable for applications such as high-speed motion, dynamic vibration monitoring, and real-time feedback control.
In summary, this paper proposes a laser interferometric real-time displacement measurement system by deeply integrating a point-by-point phase demodulation algorithm and FPGA-based hardware acceleration technology. This system simultaneously achieves high precision, high stability, and ultra-fast real-time performance. It provides a reliable and high-performance metrology solution for closed-loop motion control, dynamic vibration analysis, and nanometer-level precision positioning in ultra-precision engineering applications, demonstrating significant practical value and broad application prospects.
, authors=Jinyu LI, Zhenyan GUO, Zhishan GAO, Qiqi YU, Junhao KUANG, Hao LI, authorsList=Jinyu LI, Zhenyan GUO, Zhishan GAO, Qiqi YU, Junhao KUANG, Hao LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenyan GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315741676266697396, articleId=1315741665097265784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=基于FPGA的逐点计算实时激光干涉测长研究, columnId=1315741666716267133, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=仪器,测量,度量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的逐点计算激光干涉测长系统,通过相邻采样点相位差实时计算与相位跳变修正,实现了连续、实时的位移解算。针对光学元件分光比制造误差、波片角度偏差等因素引起的非理想干涉信号问题,基于琼斯矩阵分析了系统误差,提出相应的误差校正算法提高了相位解算精度。为进一步提升系统的实时测量性能,设计并实现了基于高速模数转换器(ADC)与现场可编程门阵列的位移测量硬件系统,完成了误差校正、相位解算等关键算法的硬件并行架构设计,并通过上板实验对系统性能进行了验证。实验结果表明,该系统在实现毫秒级快速测量的同时,测量误差可控制在10 nm以内;系统首个数据延迟约为10.4 μs,数据更新周期缩短至100 ns。该位移测量系统在保证纳米级测量精度的前提下,可实现微秒级响应与实时解算,兼顾高精度与高实时性,适用于高速精密位移测量场景。
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182: 108495., articleTitle=A quadrature demodulation method with digital subdivision and averaging for a heterodyne interferometer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315741676560298677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315741676568687286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, companyId=1315741676560298677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Schematic diagram of four-channel quadrature homodyne laser interferometer optical path, figureFileSmall=k9r8oyjhr4ccrvH3p/g1Yw==, figureFileBig=wR1jsYdxe4ESYk3mIxBC+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681098535650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
四路正交零差激光干涉光路原理图, figureFileSmall=k9r8oyjhr4ccrvH3p/g1Yw==, figureFileBig=wR1jsYdxe4ESYk3mIxBC+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681387942627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Comparison between the ideal displacement trajectory and reconstructed displacement trajectory. (a) Ideal displacement trajectory; (b) Reconstructed displacement trajectory, figureFileSmall=gzZ1nEdRuQCCBen/sPbtHA==, figureFileBig=aN2vqO83g8j0qqWsIqdJGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681463440100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
理想位移曲线和算法复原后的位移曲线对比。(a)理想位移轨迹;(b)算法复原后的位移轨迹, figureFileSmall=gzZ1nEdRuQCCBen/sPbtHA==, figureFileBig=aN2vqO83g8j0qqWsIqdJGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681555714789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Lissajous figures at different angles of quarter-wave plate 3. (a) Lissajous figure at 40° angle; (b) Lissajous figure at 45° angle; (c) Lissajous figure at 50° angle, figureFileSmall=wE9Sl2KQD0adReqJSckA/w==, figureFileBig=7iTY+32OgaEwxTb3Rzdskg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681614435046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
QWP3 不同角度下的李萨如图。(a)40° 角度下的李萨如图;(b)45° 角度下的李萨如图;(c)50° 角度下的李萨如图, figureFileSmall=wE9Sl2KQD0adReqJSckA/w==, figureFileBig=7iTY+32OgaEwxTb3Rzdskg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681803178727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Lissajous figures before and after normalization, figureFileSmall=4HYh4MIyxgGFqxMvlmBinQ==, figureFileBig=s62mtcCFwSybKiU2DphpfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681882870505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
归一化前后的李萨如图, figureFileSmall=4HYh4MIyxgGFqxMvlmBinQ==, figureFileBig=s62mtcCFwSybKiU2DphpfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741681954173674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of the interference signal vector with non - orthogonality error, figureFileSmall=JzPwN6BW1hOeuqz5L9ek2A==, figureFileBig=4cbkHXJirFw9a67Vaaajnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682033865451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
带有非正交误差的干涉信号向量示意图, figureFileSmall=JzPwN6BW1hOeuqz5L9ek2A==, figureFileBig=4cbkHXJirFw9a67Vaaajnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682113557228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Experimental optical path diagram, figureFileSmall=/kZ51fF01S9oTK6FMhAPcg==, figureFileBig=8ZgVUjyIw2+PAY4Xh6oW5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682222609133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
实验光路图, figureFileSmall=/kZ51fF01S9oTK6FMhAPcg==, figureFileBig=8ZgVUjyIw2+PAY4Xh6oW5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682319078126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
The results of the stability experiment, figureFileSmall=lrPKXbim5Fw3ZAvyAqL5hQ==, figureFileBig=GgUAMS1PbpHoatCNVnY0fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682419741423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
稳定性实验结果, figureFileSmall=lrPKXbim5Fw3ZAvyAqL5hQ==, figureFileBig=GgUAMS1PbpHoatCNVnY0fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741682495238896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Signal processing design scheme based on FPGA for length measurement, figureFileSmall=kbw3CcYh4BXnnPMGT3fPkA==, figureFileBig=0zuKLBxyXoSgM9tgxgUPOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684214903537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
FPGA测长信号处理设计方案, figureFileSmall=kbw3CcYh4BXnnPMGT3fPkA==, figureFileBig=0zuKLBxyXoSgM9tgxgUPOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684286206707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Block diagram of the real-time error correction module, figureFileSmall=37Xd9XPt+jp5GvbhRvqeIQ==, figureFileBig=dkps+/Y2hrigCgmikuDMBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684361704180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
实时误差校正模块框图, figureFileSmall=37Xd9XPt+jp5GvbhRvqeIQ==, figureFileBig=dkps+/Y2hrigCgmikuDMBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684495921909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Flow chart of the real-time error correction module, figureFileSmall=6r1daeCFs/Um5C1V2G+YmA==, figureFileBig=OmR/WVm0CT7ssN8yq5xYTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684567225078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
实时误差校正模块流程图, figureFileSmall=6r1daeCFs/Um5C1V2G+YmA==, figureFileBig=OmR/WVm0CT7ssN8yq5xYTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684634333943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Waveform diagram of the real-time error correction module, figureFileSmall=KxL7xh9Ez5NM1a0e69le+g==, figureFileBig=WK7EhrVoOQc5NvhmFhOzWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684697248504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
实时误差校正模块波形图, figureFileSmall=KxL7xh9Ez5NM1a0e69le+g==, figureFileBig=WK7EhrVoOQc5NvhmFhOzWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684760163065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Configuration diagram of CORDIC IP core, figureFileSmall=heT01Gq9nEXB0+qtzeebnw==, figureFileBig=VMsEacCVPb5n7FM8QivBNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684831466234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
CORDIC IP 核配置图, figureFileSmall=heT01Gq9nEXB0+qtzeebnw==, figureFileBig=VMsEacCVPb5n7FM8QivBNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684894380795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Flow chart of direction discrimination and accµmulation module, figureFileSmall=e4uNhjygd92SK+JylVtaTw==, figureFileBig=+IrhccNnHgnLJfKlMljHRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741684978266876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
辨向及累加模块流程图, figureFileSmall=e4uNhjygd92SK+JylVtaTw==, figureFileBig=+IrhccNnHgnLJfKlMljHRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685187982078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Waveform diagram of direction discrimination and accµmulation module, figureFileSmall=/9D4RfUQRdMeyJWcANydkQ==, figureFileBig=O7NVAsmUnn1EBz2qj/hksw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685271868159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
辨向以及累加模块波形图, figureFileSmall=/9D4RfUQRdMeyJWcANydkQ==, figureFileBig=O7NVAsmUnn1EBz2qj/hksw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685578052352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Schematic diagram of overall system hardware architecture and signal flow, figureFileSmall=YOYfbaCiF+2XVcwBv/9MIQ==, figureFileBig=QMdJ/KP2H/4mEfpqYPqsNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685657744129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
系统硬件总体架构与信号流向原理图, figureFileSmall=YOYfbaCiF+2XVcwBv/9MIQ==, figureFileBig=QMdJ/KP2H/4mEfpqYPqsNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685750018818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Photograph of the hardware experimental platform for length measurement system, figureFileSmall=l3XYgS0Ujc4YI4X6bQ7Fog==, figureFileBig=RQqN+OteREf40IEgWhbXdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741685997482755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
测长系统硬件实验平台实物图, figureFileSmall=l3XYgS0Ujc4YI4X6bQ7Fog==, figureFileBig=RQqN+OteREf40IEgWhbXdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741686077174532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=
Schematic diagrams of partial modules, figureFileSmall=PmPEFMBrCRy1NggrrLO/tg==, figureFileBig=jGllnXabel+aAD9Rrl5TWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741686416913157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
部分模块的电路原理图, figureFileSmall=PmPEFMBrCRy1NggrrLO/tg==, figureFileBig=jGllnXabel+aAD9Rrl5TWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741686500799238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=
ILA captured waveforms of four-channel raw ADC input signals, figureFileSmall=ee2joztCoqbI8r/sdRFgaA==, figureFileBig=73TE+AeKhC22o81UyDWn9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741686853120775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
ILA捕获的四路ADC原始输入信号波形, figureFileSmall=ee2joztCoqbI8r/sdRFgaA==, figureFileBig=73TE+AeKhC22o81UyDWn9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741686941201160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=
ILA captured waveforms of FPGA pre-processed quadrature signals and phase, figureFileSmall=hrMUpZHiclnon7Y2hWkzOA==, figureFileBig=MFk5xda8D6icPBqogygWdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741688707003145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图19, caption=
ILA捕获的FPGA内部预处理后的正交信号与相位波形, figureFileSmall=hrMUpZHiclnon7Y2hWkzOA==, figureFileBig=MFk5xda8D6icPBqogygWdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689000604427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=
ILA captured waveform of final real-time calculated displacement output, figureFileSmall=c83ftO9TyI8Y+Y84xNf8TQ==, figureFileBig=ioR7kVvqlVGHJsi9rTerUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689092879117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图20, caption=
ILA捕获的最终实时位移解算输出波形, figureFileSmall=c83ftO9TyI8Y+Y84xNf8TQ==, figureFileBig=ioR7kVvqlVGHJsi9rTerUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689357120270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=
Real-time output waveform of ILA length measurement module, figureFileSmall=i2fh25AzT30mXET7rPhikQ==, figureFileBig=1EHW3uo/7Q6EpqtpAImZng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689457783567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图21, caption=
ILA测长模块实时输出波形, figureFileSmall=i2fh25AzT30mXET7rPhikQ==, figureFileBig=1EHW3uo/7Q6EpqtpAImZng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689772356368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.22, caption=
Comparison and error analysis of displacement results between matlab floating-point and FPGA fixed-point calculations, figureFileSmall=KhchLVkVXW60/lN6fgoKDQ==, figureFileBig=rMZY+eWb9vo6Sa3Siza49Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741689839465233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图22, caption=
Matlab浮点与FPGA定点位移解算结果对比及误差分析, figureFileSmall=KhchLVkVXW60/lN6fgoKDQ==, figureFileBig=rMZY+eWb9vo6Sa3Siza49Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741690183398163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Fig.23, caption=
Distribution plot of deviation between matlab and FPGA calculations versus displacement, figureFileSmall=VGyV6ilQMfPfMUSdUAyDow==, figureFileBig=vI4+aoQobVazAEe7zPtaPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741690250507028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=图23, caption=
Matlab与FPGA解算偏差随位移变化的分布, figureFileSmall=VGyV6ilQMfPfMUSdUAyDow==, figureFileBig=vI4+aoQobVazAEe7zPtaPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315741690330198805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=
Displacement measurement error under different velocity conditions.
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Velocity | 1 mm/s | 3 mm/s | 5 mm/s | 10 mm/s | 15 mm/s |
|---|
| Error | 0.065 nm | 0.198 nm | 0.332 nm | 0.664 nm | 0.996 nm |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741690665743126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同速度下的位移计算误差
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Velocity | 1 mm/s | 3 mm/s | 5 mm/s | 10 mm/s | 15 mm/s |
|---|
| Error | 0.065 nm | 0.198 nm | 0.332 nm | 0.664 nm | 0.996 nm |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741690741240599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The alternating current amplitude of when the angle of half - wave plate 2 changes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 17.5° | 18.5° | 19.5° | 20.5° | 21.5° | 22.5° | 23.5° | 24.5° | 25.5° | 26.5° | 27.5° |
|---|
| Alternating current | 1.879 3 | 1.922 5 | 1.956 7 | 1.981 0 | 1.995 5 | 2.000 0 | 1.995 5 | 1.981 0 | 1.956 7 | 1.922 5 | 1.879 3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741691030647576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
HWP2角度变化时的的交流幅值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 17.5° | 18.5° | 19.5° | 20.5° | 21.5° | 22.5° | 23.5° | 24.5° | 25.5° | 26.5° | 27.5° |
|---|
| Alternating current | 1.879 3 | 1.922 5 | 1.956 7 | 1.981 0 | 1.995 5 | 2.000 0 | 1.995 5 | 1.981 0 | 1.956 7 | 1.922 5 | 1.879 3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741691101950745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
The alternating current amplitude of when the angle of quarter-wave plate 3 changes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| Alternating current | 1.999 1 | 1.999 5 | 1.999 9 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 1.999 9 | 1.999 6 | 1.999 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741691487826714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
QWP3角度变化时的交流幅值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| Alternating current | 1.999 1 | 1.999 5 | 1.999 9 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 2.000 0 | 1.999 9 | 1.999 6 | 1.999 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741693152965403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
The DC bias of when the angle of quarter-wave plate 2 changes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| Direct current | 0.038 0 | 0.030 6 | 0.023 1 | 0.015 6 | 0.007 6 | 0 | -0.007 6 | -0.015 5 | -0.023 1 | -0.030 6 | -0.038 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741693253628700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
QWP2角度变化时的的直流偏置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| Direct current | 0.038 0 | 0.030 6 | 0.023 1 | 0.015 6 | 0.007 6 | 0 | -0.007 6 | -0.015 5 | -0.023 1 | -0.030 6 | -0.038 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741693564007197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
The alternating current amplitude of , when the angle of quarter-wave plate 2 changes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| alternating current | 0.984 8 | 0.990 3 | 0.994 5 | 0.997 6 | 0.999 4 | 1 | 0.999 4 | 0.997 6 | 0.994 5 | 0.990 3 | 0.984 8 |
| alternating current | 0.984 8 | 0.990 3 | 0.994 5 | 0.997 6 | 0.999 4 | 1 | 0.999 4 | 0.997 6 | 0.994 5 | 0.990 3 | 0.984 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741693652087582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
QWP2角度变化时的、的交流幅值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Fast-axis angle | 40° | 41° | 42° | 43° | 44° | 45° | 46° | 47° | 48° | 49° | 50° |
|---|
| alternating current | 0.984 8 | 0.990 3 | 0.994 5 | 0.997 6 | 0.999 4 | 1 | 0.999 4 | 0.997 6 | 0.994 5 | 0.990 3 | 0.984 8 |
| alternating current | 0.984 8 | 0.990 3 | 0.994 5 | 0.997 6 | 0.999 4 | 1 | 0.999 4 | 0.997 6 | 0.994 5 | 0.990 3 | 0.984 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741693975048991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
The results of the system measurement accuracy
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Measurement number | Nominal value/µm | Calculated value/µm | Error/nm |
|---|
| 1 | 200.001 4 | 200.012 4 | 11 |
| 2 | 200.001 5 | 199.991 6 | -9.9 |
| 3 | 199.999 3 | 200.008 7 | 9.4 |
| 4 | 200.000 9 | 200.011 3 | 10.4 |
| 5 | 200.001 5 | 199.996 5 | -5 |
| 6 | 200.000 7 | 200.013 7 | 13 |
| 7 | 199.999 7 | 199.995 9 | -3.8 |
| 8 | 199.999 5 | 200.008 2 | 8.7 |
| 9 | 200.001 0 | 200.011 3 | 10.3 |
| 10 | 200.001 7 | 199.999 0 | -2.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741694054740768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
系统测量精度结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Measurement number | Nominal value/µm | Calculated value/µm | Error/nm |
|---|
| 1 | 200.001 4 | 200.012 4 | 11 |
| 2 | 200.001 5 | 199.991 6 | -9.9 |
| 3 | 199.999 3 | 200.008 7 | 9.4 |
| 4 | 200.000 9 | 200.011 3 | 10.4 |
| 5 | 200.001 5 | 199.996 5 | -5 |
| 6 | 200.000 7 | 200.013 7 | 13 |
| 7 | 199.999 7 | 199.995 9 | -3.8 |
| 8 | 199.999 5 | 200.008 2 | 8.7 |
| 9 | 200.001 0 | 200.011 3 | 10.3 |
| 10 | 200.001 7 | 199.999 0 | -2.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741694159598369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Statistics of time consµmption for single-batch data acquisition and processing
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Module name | Average time/s | Standard deviation/s | Variance/s2 | Time range/s |
|---|
| Acquisition | 0.774 | 0.185 | 0.034 1 | 0.505~1.342 |
| Calculation | 0.317 | 0.071 | 0.005 1 | 0.282~0.604 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741694226707234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
采集与计算模块单批数据处理耗时统计
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Module name | Average time/s | Standard deviation/s | Variance/s2 | Time range/s |
|---|
| Acquisition | 0.774 | 0.185 | 0.034 1 | 0.505~1.342 |
| Calculation | 0.317 | 0.071 | 0.005 1 | 0.282~0.604 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741694411256611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=EN, label=Table7, caption=
Comparison of calculation results between host computer and FPGA
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Measurement number | Nominal value/µm | Host value/µm | FPGA value/µm | Error/nm |
|---|
| 1 | 200.001 | 200.014 5 | 200.016 3 | 1.8 |
| 2 | 199.999 4 | 199.990 8 | 199.988 5 | -2.3 |
| 3 | 200.000 8 | 200.008 2 | 200.006 | -2.2 |
| 4 | 200.000 1 | 200.008 5 | 200.008 3 | -0.2 |
| 5 | 199.998 9 | 199.993 5 | 199.995 7 | 2.2 |
| 6 | 200.001 5 | 199.992 8 | 199.991 1 | -1.7 |
| 7 | 200.000 4 | 199.990 1 | 199.991 5 | 1.4 |
| 8 | 199.999 2 | 199.985 8 | 199.986 | 0.2 |
| 9 | 200.001 8 | 200.008 6 | 200.007 | -1.6 |
| 10 | 200.000 6 | 199.993 4 | 199.994 2 | 0.8 |
| 11 | 199.998 8 | 200.009 1 | 200.007 9 | -1.2 |
| 12 | 200.001 1 | 200.009 3 | 200.006 8 | -2.5 |
| 13 | 199.999 6 | 200.006 2 | 200.006 | -0.2 |
| 14 | 200.000 9 | 199.990 8 | 199.988 6 | -2.2 |
| 15 | 200.000 4 | 200.007 5 | 200.008 4 | 0.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315741694482559780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315741665097265784, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
上位机和FPGA计算结果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Measurement number | Nominal value/µm | Host value/µm | FPGA value/µm | Error/nm |
|---|
| 1 | 200.001 | 200.014 5 | 200.016 3 | 1.8 |
| 2 | 199.999 4 | 199.990 8 | 199.988 5 | -2.3 |
| 3 | 200.000 8 | 200.008 2 | 200.006 | -2.2 |
| 4 | 200.000 1 | 200.008 5 | 200.008 3 | -0.2 |
| 5 | 199.998 9 | 199.993 5 | 199.995 7 | 2.2 |
| 6 | 200.001 5 | 199.992 8 | 199.991 1 | -1.7 |
| 7 | 200.000 4 | 199.990 1 | 199.991 5 | 1.4 |
| 8 | 199.999 2 | 199.985 8 | 199.986 | 0.2 |
| 9 | 200.001 8 | 200.008 6 | 200.007 | -1.6 |
| 10 | 200.000 6 | 199.993 4 | 199.994 2 | 0.8 |
| 11 | 199.998 8 | 200.009 1 | 200.007 9 | -1.2 |
| 12 | 200.001 1 | 200.009 3 | 200.006 8 | -2.5 |
| 13 | 199.999 6 | 200.006 2 | 200.006 | -0.2 |
| 14 | 200.000 9 | 199.990 8 | 199.988 6 | -2.2 |
| 15 | 200.000 4 | 200.007 5 | 200.008 4 | 0.9 |
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