Article(id=1315743656255009036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0222002, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0222002, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1761580800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-28, onlineDate=1791627332986, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627332986, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627332986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627332986, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=67, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743658343772429, articleId=1315743656255009036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Design of Visible-infrared Integrated Wide-width Space Optical System, columnId=1315743623623332133, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Optical Design and Fabrication, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In recent years, the development direction of space optical cameras in various countries can be summarized as high resolution, large aperture, and multi-spectral. Compared with single-band visible light imaging optical systems, visible-infrared dual-band optical systems have advantages. Infrared light can penetrate certain objects to obtain information such as their internal structure and heat distribution. At the same time, infrared optical systems have stronger concealment. When combined with visible light systems for imaging and detection of space targets, it can not only acquire rich spectral information across different bands but also achieve all-weather, round-the-clock space remote sensing detection and imaging. Space optical systems can be divided into three design types: refractive, catadioptric, and reflective. Refractive systems have no light obstruction and are easy to assemble, allowing optical design for large fields of view; however, it is difficult to achieve lightweight designs for large-aperture optical systems. Catadioptric systems can achieve large-aperture optical designs, but for systems with large fields of view and infrared detection requirements, the few available infrared refractive materials have low transmittance, poor thermal stability, and high prices. Additionally, lens chromatic aberration is difficult to correct, lens aperture sizes are limited, making it challenging to widely apply in space exploration. Reflective systems combine advantages such as large aperture, wide field of view, long focal length, broad wavelength range, and lightweight design. Currently, most visible-infrared integrated optical systems adopt catadioptric designs, requiring multiple optical elements to correct chromatic aberration, and are unable to meet design requirements for long focal length, large aperture, wide field of view, and lightweight simultaneously.
This paper adopts a reflective system structure. The initial structure of the system is solved based on paraxial aberration theory, and optimized design is carried out using optical design software, with reasonable field-of-view settings to avoid light obstruction. Considering factors such as aperture, volume, weight, and environmental adaptability of space cameras, the optical system adopts an integrated design scheme of shared aperture with separate fields of view. The visible light and mid-wave infrared bands share the front-end coaxial three-mirror primary and secondary mirrors. At the rear end, the fields of view are split and redirected via two fold mirrors into the visible light imaging path and the mid-wave infrared imaging path, achieving simultaneous dual-band imaging. To minimize the aperture size of the primary mirror, the first image plane is located near the center of the primary mirror. For the visible light subsystem, a coaxial three-mirror structure is used for an off-axis field; for the mid-wave infrared subsystem, the front end consists of the primary and secondary mirrors of the visible light subsystem, and the light path enters the rear three-mirror anastigmatic off-axis structure via a fold mirror. Regarding detector selection, the optical system uses a visible light TDI-CMOS with 12 288×128 pixels, 7 μm pixel size, and three identical detectors arranged in a ‘zigzag’ pattern on the image plane, utilizing only a part of the non-vignetting region of the image plane, achieving a 36 000×128 pixel array and 25.2 km swath width. The mid-wave infrared subsystem uses a large-format cooled infrared detector with 3 000×2 500 pixels and 18 μm pixel size. This detector consists of a glass window, filter, cold stop, and focal plane, with a distance of 90 mm between the focal plane and the cold stop.
The working wavelength range of the visible light subsystem is 0.45~0.9 μm, with a focal length of 5 m, an F-number of 10, and a field of view of 0.7°×2.3°. At an orbital position of 500 km, the imaging swath width is greater than 20 km. The working wavelength range of the mid-wave infrared subsystem is 3~5 μm, with a focal length of 1.5 m, a field of view of 0.2°×2°, an F-number of 3, and 100% cold stop efficiency. The two optical systems share the primary and secondary mirrors of a coaxial three-reflector system at the front end, achieving simultaneous dual-band operation through field-of-view segmentation. The entire system uses eight reflective elements. To meet system specifications and correct aberrations, the three mirrors of the front-end three-reflector system use 6th-order aspheric surfaces, while the three mirrors of the mid-wave infrared system adopt freeform surfaces. The imaging quality of the visible and mid-wave infrared subsystems is evaluated using spot diagrams, modulation transfer functions, and distortion assessments. For both subsystems, the spot diagram RMS radii are smaller than the Airy disk radius, the MTF values at the Nyquist frequency are close to their respective diffraction limits, and distortion is controlled within an acceptable range.
A reflective optical system integrating visible and mid-wave infrared light was designed based on paraxial optical theory. This study also verifies the manufacturability of freeform surfaces in engineering practice. The maximum deviation between the freeform surfaces and the optimal aspheric surfaces does not exceed 65 μm, meeting current processing standards. A defocus analysis indicates that the system maintains good imaging quality within the depth of focus. Finally, considering current lens fabrication and assembly conditions, and based on tolerance allocations from previous reflective systems, a tolerance analysis was conducted using the system's rear intercept as a compensating quantity. The results show that the system has good tolerance performance. In summary, the designed optical system meets the initial design specifications, does not require consideration of secondary spectral issues from transmissive elements, affords good imaging quality, and possesses practical engineering feasibility.
, authors=Jiyun HOU
1, 2, Weihua YANG
3, Xuyang LI
1, Hao YUAN
1, Ruiqi LIU
1, 2, Zhixian LU
1, 2, authorsList=Jiyun HOU, Weihua YANG, Xuyang LI, Hao YUAN, Ruiqi LIU, Zhixian LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuyang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743663280468276, articleId=1315743656255009036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=可见红外一体化宽幅空间光学系统设计, columnId=1315743623807881511, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=光学设计与制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为了满足空间遥感相机对分辨率越来越高的要求,设计研究了一种具有较高空间分辨率的可见光与红外光一体化的空间光学系统,可同时实现多谱段成像功能。可见光分系统的工作波段为0.45~0.9 μm,焦距为5 m,F数为10,视场角为0.7°×2.3°,在500 km的轨道位置处成像幅宽大于20 km;中波红外分系统的工作波段为3~5 μm,焦距为1.5 m,视场角为0.2°×2°,F数为3,满足100%的冷光阑效率。两路光学系统共用前端同轴三反系统的主次镜,通过视场分割的形式实现双波段同时工作。整个系统用到了8个反射元件,设计结果满足各项指标要求。
, authors=候继云
1, 2, 杨伟华
3, 李旭阳
1, 袁灏
1, 刘瑞琪
1, 2, 陆志贤
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1Space Optics Technology Lab, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China
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1中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 空间光学技术研究室,西安 710119
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3Engineering and Research Department, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743664249352520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, authorId=1315743664102551877, language=CN, stringName=杨伟华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 工程科研处,西安 710119, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743663775396155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663783784764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663775396155, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1Space Optics Technology Lab, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743664547148109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, authorId=1315743664320655690, language=CN, stringName=李旭阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 空间光学技术研究室,西安 710119, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743663498572085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663502766390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663498572085, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, address=
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1, 2, address=
1Space Optics Technology Lab, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China
2University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1315743666656883032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, authorId=1315743664899469652, language=CN, stringName=刘瑞琪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 空间光学技术研究室,西安 710119
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1Space Optics Technology Lab, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China
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1中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 空间光学技术研究室,西安 710119
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54(2):0254110., articleTitle=小行星探测成像一体化光学设计及杂散光分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743663498572085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663502766390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663498572085, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Space Optics Technology Lab, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663603429687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663498572085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 空间光学技术研究室,西安 710119)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743663666344248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663674732857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663666344248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663691510074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663666344248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2中国科学院大学,北京 100049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1315743663775396155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663783784764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663775396155, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Engineering and Research Department, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743663787979069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, companyId=1315743663775396155, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 工程科研处,西安 710119)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743667839676777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Layout of the optical system, figureFileSmall=AN43fOMj0YKhNqfsm7riXw==, figureFileBig=XlPTz8UOkSSTpybE/l3Y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743667902591338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
光学系统光路结构, figureFileSmall=AN43fOMj0YKhNqfsm7riXw==, figureFileBig=XlPTz8UOkSSTpybE/l3Y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668095529323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
TDI-CMOS with offset field-of-view arranged in a triangular pattern, figureFileSmall=a7WxB+rhrFlWDsjru2+roA==, figureFileBig=izA2+BfW11Ue3iuMk9r4YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668162638188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
偏视场“品字形”排布的TDI-CMOS, figureFileSmall=a7WxB+rhrFlWDsjru2+roA==, figureFileBig=izA2+BfW11Ue3iuMk9r4YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668229747053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Optical interface diagram of medium wave infrared detector, figureFileSmall=4dw4MTU12MDA2poEysFeZQ==, figureFileBig=+LNBmnYRdmP8T8DYgyxI3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668309438830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
中波红外探测器光学接口, figureFileSmall=4dw4MTU12MDA2poEysFeZQ==, figureFileBig=+LNBmnYRdmP8T8DYgyxI3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668393324911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Initial structure of the coaxial three-mirror reflective system, figureFileSmall=wdJrkYY4wFnXsTqTsy6irQ==, figureFileBig=AUk5m3M2YvAErF/N08B8eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668473016688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
同轴三反系统的初始结构, figureFileSmall=wdJrkYY4wFnXsTqTsy6irQ==, figureFileBig=AUk5m3M2YvAErF/N08B8eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668540125553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Initial configuration of the pupil off-axis TMA optical system, figureFileSmall=mMypMkOmDk281eA8fZWO2A==, figureFileBig=PiN2ucq91HYHEWssPrtO7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668607234418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
光瞳偏置的离轴TMA初始结构, figureFileSmall=mMypMkOmDk281eA8fZWO2A==, figureFileBig=PiN2ucq91HYHEWssPrtO7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668682731891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Optical layout of visible part, figureFileSmall=5+c5GG3SIpcOqkyStAipJQ==, figureFileBig=cfdEXyphe3FAp9y25fcgDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668745646452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
可见光部分光学布局, figureFileSmall=5+c5GG3SIpcOqkyStAipJQ==, figureFileBig=cfdEXyphe3FAp9y25fcgDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668829532533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Modulation transfer function of visible part, figureFileSmall=k0BomDPr1Z7ah2NQyvJklQ==, figureFileBig=zPerRnb25ZyRnTmOtZJKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668900835702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
可见光分系统的调制传递函数曲线, figureFileSmall=k0BomDPr1Z7ah2NQyvJklQ==, figureFileBig=zPerRnb25ZyRnTmOtZJKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743668976333175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Point plot of visible part, figureFileSmall=oPrFW1l/ycLHCHFN69HaPQ==, figureFileBig=5kDnYU7LneS15ckkt6jIDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669072802168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
可见光分系统的点列图, figureFileSmall=oPrFW1l/ycLHCHFN69HaPQ==, figureFileBig=5kDnYU7LneS15ckkt6jIDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669139911033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Distortion grid of visible part, figureFileSmall=QdvDqHNgGke30DmwDU4yug==, figureFileBig=9ythL+UocsC7r5iS1XlrOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669211214202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
可见光分系统的畸变网格, figureFileSmall=QdvDqHNgGke30DmwDU4yug==, figureFileBig=9ythL+UocsC7r5iS1XlrOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669286711675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Optical layout of MWIR part, figureFileSmall=8OXixo7uvaQ9uQQhEPNdtA==, figureFileBig=rYzY2q7qoe3bgXfb+iAerg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669366403452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
中波红外部分光学布局, figureFileSmall=8OXixo7uvaQ9uQQhEPNdtA==, figureFileBig=rYzY2q7qoe3bgXfb+iAerg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669446095229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Modulation transfer function of MWIR part, figureFileSmall=MvSIkztShaVMH1tN4sztXQ==, figureFileBig=18VeTXRD5Xt9tG6z2uD7VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743669521592702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
中波红外分系统的调制传递函数曲线, figureFileSmall=MvSIkztShaVMH1tN4sztXQ==, figureFileBig=18VeTXRD5Xt9tG6z2uD7VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671153176959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Point plot of MWIR part, figureFileSmall=J5mPGZtCgm/bkC3BX177mA==, figureFileBig=GBNp8h6eFtL1ZG6mmlq5lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671220285824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
中波红外分系统的点列图, figureFileSmall=J5mPGZtCgm/bkC3BX177mA==, figureFileBig=GBNp8h6eFtL1ZG6mmlq5lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671287394689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Distortion grid of MWIR part, figureFileSmall=BNl4PKYu7+/N1GkCnKe1gA==, figureFileBig=/bN7I2kCx2mv9Qsa7ckiag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671362892162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
中波红外分系统的畸变网格, figureFileSmall=BNl4PKYu7+/N1GkCnKe1gA==, figureFileBig=/bN7I2kCx2mv9Qsa7ckiag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671438389635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Two-dimensional sag map of a freeform surface. (a) Two-dimensional sag map of TMA1; (b) Two-dimensional sag map of TMA2; (c) Two-dimensional sag map of TMA3, figureFileSmall=X1XPuwlEE5EBAZHsl/Csbg==, figureFileBig=9tmn3x0bxYAlh/sfXxWAZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671513887108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
自由曲面的二维矢高图。 (a)TMA1 的二维矢高图; (b) TMA2 的二维矢高图; (c) TMA3 的二维矢高图, figureFileSmall=X1XPuwlEE5EBAZHsl/Csbg==, figureFileBig=9tmn3x0bxYAlh/sfXxWAZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671589384581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Sag difference between freeform surface and optimal aspheric surface. (a) Sag difference between TMA1 surface and optimal aspheric surface; (b) Sag difference between TMA2 surface and optimal aspheric surface; (c) Sag difference between TMA3 surface and optimal aspheric surface, figureFileSmall=R7CuVLK7o8dvK94PFH1hzg==, figureFileBig=XZiXw+FytMI5RykqJcE2rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671664882054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
自由曲面与最佳非球面矢高差。 (a) TMA1与最佳非球面矢高差; (b) TMA2与最佳非球面矢高差; (c) TMA3与最佳非球面矢高差, figureFileSmall=R7CuVLK7o8dvK94PFH1hzg==, figureFileBig=XZiXw+FytMI5RykqJcE2rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671752962439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Off-focus MTF of visible part, figureFileSmall=BBRkrsjuweg32FddXFyAtw==, figureFileBig=KU8CbQMw1cUW95jYU8DUuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671853625736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图16, caption=
可见光分系统离焦MTF, figureFileSmall=BBRkrsjuweg32FddXFyAtw==, figureFileBig=KU8CbQMw1cUW95jYU8DUuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743671929123209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=
Off-focus MTF of MWIR part, figureFileSmall=yfje8o9DGRfD0S4QZd1hNw==, figureFileBig=nCr6BPpxWGmWwjU7F+C18Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743672000426378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图17, caption=
中波红外分系统离焦MTF, figureFileSmall=yfje8o9DGRfD0S4QZd1hNw==, figureFileBig=nCr6BPpxWGmWwjU7F+C18Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743672063340939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=
Visible-infrared integrated optical layout, figureFileSmall=Cr/Md87zoHYbPptz7JUpRA==, figureFileBig=+9bOchwCBB7HsRL5aVLIuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743672151421324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=图18, caption=
可见红外一体化光学布局, figureFileSmall=Cr/Md87zoHYbPptz7JUpRA==, figureFileBig=+9bOchwCBB7HsRL5aVLIuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743672226918797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Requirements for space camera
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Requirements | VIS | MWIR |
|---|
| Aperture/mm | 500 | 500 |
| Resolution/m | ≤ 0.7 | ≤ 6 |
| Imaging width/km | ≥ 20 | ≥ 17 |
| Distortion | ≤ 1.5% | ≤ 1% |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672302416270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
空间相机的任务需求
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Requirements | VIS | MWIR |
|---|
| Aperture/mm | 500 | 500 |
| Resolution/m | ≤ 0.7 | ≤ 6 |
| Imaging width/km | ≥ 20 | ≥ 17 |
| Distortion | ≤ 1.5% | ≤ 1% |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672403079567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of design parameters
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameters | Design in this thesis | Design in Ref.[5] | Design in Ref.[6] |
|---|
| FOV/[(°)×(°)] | 0.7×2.3 | 1.4×0.6 | 0.38×0.43 |
| Focal length/mm | 5 000/1 500(VIS/MWIR) | 6 000/1 280(VIS/MWIR) | 500/600(VIS/MWIR) |
| Aperture/mm | 500 | 512 | 125 |
| MTF | 0.26/0.5(VIS/MWIR) | 0.35/0.4(VIS/MWIR) | 0.3/0.2(VIS/MWIR) |
| Number of lenses | 8 | 9 | 16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672474382736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
设计参数比对
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| Parameters | Design in this thesis | Design in Ref.[5] | Design in Ref.[6] |
|---|
| FOV/[(°)×(°)] | 0.7×2.3 | 1.4×0.6 | 0.38×0.43 |
| Focal length/mm | 5 000/1 500(VIS/MWIR) | 6 000/1 280(VIS/MWIR) | 500/600(VIS/MWIR) |
| Aperture/mm | 500 | 512 | 125 |
| MTF | 0.26/0.5(VIS/MWIR) | 0.35/0.4(VIS/MWIR) | 0.3/0.2(VIS/MWIR) |
| Number of lenses | 8 | 9 | 16 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672533102993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Design specifications of integrated optical system
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| Design specifications | VIS | MWIR |
|---|
| Entrance pupil diameter/mm | 500 | 500 |
| Effective focal length/mm | 5 000 | 1 500 |
| F-number | 10 | 3 |
| FOV/[(°) × (°)] | 0.7×2.3 | 0.2×2 |
| Pixel/μm | 7 | 18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672604406162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
一体化光学系统的设计指标
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Design specifications | VIS | MWIR |
|---|
| Entrance pupil diameter/mm | 500 | 500 |
| Effective focal length/mm | 5 000 | 1 500 |
| F-number | 10 | 3 |
| FOV/[(°) × (°)] | 0.7×2.3 | 0.2×2 |
| Pixel/μm | 7 | 18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672671515027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Structural parameters of visible light subsystem
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| Parameter | Surface type | Radius/mm | Thickness/mm | Conic | 4th | 6th | Tilt angle |
|---|
| M1 | Quadradic | -1 984.504 8 | -767.038 2 | -0.938 7 | - | - | - |
| M2 | Quadradic | -627.077 1 | 969.477 3 | -2.562 6 | - | - | - |
| Fold_1 | Plane | Infinity | -600 | - | - | - | 45° |
| M3 | Asphere | 903.506 6 | 1 093.132 4 | -1.002 3 | 9.984 5×10-11 | 4.362 4×10-17 | - |
| Image | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672751206804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
可见光分系统结构参数
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| Parameter | Surface type | Radius/mm | Thickness/mm | Conic | 4th | 6th | Tilt angle |
|---|
| M1 | Quadradic | -1 984.504 8 | -767.038 2 | -0.938 7 | - | - | - |
| M2 | Quadradic | -627.077 1 | 969.477 3 | -2.562 6 | - | - | - |
| Fold_1 | Plane | Infinity | -600 | - | - | - | 45° |
| M3 | Asphere | 903.506 6 | 1 093.132 4 | -1.002 3 | 9.984 5×10-11 | 4.362 4×10-17 | - |
| Image | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672822509973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Structural parameters of MWIR part
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameter | Surface type | Radius/mm | Thickness/mm | Conic | Y decenter/mm | Tilt angle |
|---|
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| M2 | - | - | 1 143.618 9 | - | - | - |
| Fold_2 | Plane | Infinity | -432.860 2 | | - | 45° |
| TMA_1 | XY polynomial | 1 711.107 9 | 329.991 2 | 2.798 7 | -221.082 6 | - |
| TMA_2 | XY polynomial | 275.135 7 | -240.093 3 | -1.132 3 | -87.426 7 | - |
| TMA_3 | XY polynomial | 295.432 1 | 400.044 3 | -1.307 8 | -182.297 7 | - |
| Window glass | - | Infinity | 5 | - | - | - |
| - | Infinity | 15 | - | - | - |
| Cold stop | - | Infinity | 80 | - | - | - |
| Filter | - | Infinity | 1 | - | - | - |
| - | Infinity | 9 | - | - | - |
| Image | - | - | - | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672906396054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
中波红外分系统结构参数
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| Parameter | Surface type | Radius/mm | Thickness/mm | Conic | Y decenter/mm | Tilt angle |
|---|
| M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| M2 | - | - | 1 143.618 9 | - | - | - |
| Fold_2 | Plane | Infinity | -432.860 2 | | - | 45° |
| TMA_1 | XY polynomial | 1 711.107 9 | 329.991 2 | 2.798 7 | -221.082 6 | - |
| TMA_2 | XY polynomial | 275.135 7 | -240.093 3 | -1.132 3 | -87.426 7 | - |
| TMA_3 | XY polynomial | 295.432 1 | 400.044 3 | -1.307 8 | -182.297 7 | - |
| Window glass | - | Infinity | 5 | - | - | - |
| - | Infinity | 15 | - | - | - |
| Cold stop | - | Infinity | 80 | - | - | - |
| Filter | - | Infinity | 1 | - | - | - |
| - | Infinity | 9 | - | - | - |
| Image | - | - | - | - | - | - |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743672969310615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Allocation of tolerances
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| Tolerance type | Tolerance value |
|---|
| Lens thickness and air gap | ±0.02 mm |
| Lens surface tilt | ±0.000 5 rad |
| Lens surface decentering | ±0.02 mm |
| Lens local aperture | 0.2 |
| Lens aperture | 2 |
| Lens refractive index | ±0.001 |
| Abbe number of lens | ±0.002 |
| Conic constant (quadric) | ±0.001 |
| Curvature radius (quadric) | ±0.02 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743673053196696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
公差分配
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Tolerance type | Tolerance value |
|---|
| Lens thickness and air gap | ±0.02 mm |
| Lens surface tilt | ±0.000 5 rad |
| Lens surface decentering | ±0.02 mm |
| Lens local aperture | 0.2 |
| Lens aperture | 2 |
| Lens refractive index | ±0.001 |
| Abbe number of lens | ±0.002 |
| Conic constant (quadric) | ±0.001 |
| Curvature radius (quadric) | ±0.02 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743673132888473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Results of Monte Carlo analysis for visible part
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| Probability | MTF |
|---|
| 90% | 0.217 965 04 |
| 80% | 0.242 745 39 |
| 50% | 0.290 565 76 |
| 20% | 0.318 640 02 |
| 10% | 0.335 669 76 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743673195803034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
可见光系统系统蒙特卡洛分析结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Probability | MTF |
|---|
| 90% | 0.217 965 04 |
| 80% | 0.242 745 39 |
| 50% | 0.290 565 76 |
| 20% | 0.318 640 02 |
| 10% | 0.335 669 76 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743673258717595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Results of Monte Carlo analysis for MWIR part
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Probability | MTF |
|---|
| 90% | 0.473 278 94 |
| 80% | 0.476 327 93 |
| 50% | 0.494 725 32 |
| 20% | 0.507 410 12 |
| 10% | 0.519 677 18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1315743673321632156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743656255009036, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
中波红外系统系统蒙特卡洛分析结果
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| Probability | MTF |
|---|
| 90% | 0.473 278 94 |
| 80% | 0.476 327 93 |
| 50% | 0.494 725 32 |
| 20% | 0.507 410 12 |
| 10% | 0.519 677 18 |
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