Article(id=1315743762354122828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3788/gzxb20265502.0219003, pmid=null, cstr=32255.14.gzxb20265502.0219003, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760198400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-12, onlineDate=1791627358282, onlineDateStr=2026-10-10, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791627358282, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791627358282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791627358282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315743622176288781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791627324861, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791627390701, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315743898396381489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, issueId=1315743622176288781, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=293, endPage=303, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1315743762576420941, articleId=1315743762354122828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=EN, title=Defect Solitons in PT-symmetric Optical Lattices with Fractional Diffraction, columnId=1315743731593105526, journalTitle=Acta Photonica Sinica, columnName=Nonlinear Optics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Optical lattice solitons, as key entities at the intersection of nonlinear optics and photonics, not only provide an ideal model for uncovering fundamental physical principles of nonlinearity and periodicity coupling, but also break through technical bottlenecks in conventional optical transmission, manipulation, and storage. A considerable number of studies have been reported on the existence and stability of defect solitons under both normal and fractional diffraction mechanisms. However, the properties of defect solitons in optical lattices under the combined influence of fractional effects and PT-symmetric potentials have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper focuses on studying the existence, stability, and propagation dynamics of defect solitons in PT-symmetric optical lattices with fractional diffraction, examining the impact of fractional effects and defect types on the bandgap structure, analyzing the existence domain of defect solitons, elucidating their linear stability, and discussing the influence of system parameters on the characteristics of defect solitons.
A theoretical model for optical wave propagation in Kerr nonlinear optical lattices with PT-symmetric potentials under fractional-order effects is established based on the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The plane wave expansion method is used to analyze the effects of defect strength and fractional-order characteristics on the bandgaps of defect solitons. The modified squared-operator iteration method is employed to numerically solve the model and obtain steady-state solutions of the defect solitons. Additionally, perturbations are introduced to the steady-state solutions, and linear stability analysis is performed using the Fourier collocation method. Finally, the propagation properties of the solitons are verified by means of the symmetrized split-step Fourier method.
The bandgap range of the optical lattice narrows as the Lévy index decreases. As the defect strength increases from negative to positive, the semi-infinite gap gradually narrows, while the other bandgaps progressively widen. Under negative defect conditions, the power of solitons in both the semi-infinite gap and the first gap generally decreases with increasing propagation constant, except for an initial increase followed by a decrease in the low-power region of the semi-infinite gap and the medium-power region of the first gap. As the Lévy index varies, the stable region of solitons in the semi-infinite gap gradually shrinks, while solitons in the first gap remain unstable. Under zero defect conditions, the soliton power in both the semi-infinite and first gaps decreases monotonically with the propagation constant. The influence of the Lévy index on soliton stability is similar to that under negative defects. Under positive defect conditions, the soliton power in both gaps decreases with increasing propagation constant, but a cutoff point exists where the power reaches zero. Moreover, a smaller α results in a smaller propagation constant at the cutoff point. Similarly, a decrease in α reduces the stable region of solitons in the semi-infinite gap, although stable solitons exist in the first gap. Additionally, for all three defect types, the width of the defect soliton envelope narrows slowly as α decreases, while the peak intensity increases gradually. The power decreases with reduced α, and the peak intensity of the soliton envelope decreases as the defect strength changes from negative to positive.
This study investigates the existence, stability, and propagation dynamics of defect solitons in PT-symmetric optical lattices with fractional diffraction. Under fractional diffraction, as the Lévy index increases, the power of defect solitons in the semi-infinite bandgap and the first bandgap gradually increases for all defect lattices, while the stability of solitons improves. In cases of negative defects and zero defects, defect solitons only have stable intervals in the semi-infinite bandgap and are completely unstable in the first bandgap. In cases of positive defects, defect solitons have stable intervals in both the semi-infinite bandgap and the first bandgap. Additionally, within the semi-infinite bandgap, as the Lévy index decreases, the peak of the defect soliton envelope increases while its width narrows; as the propagation constant increases, the peak of the defect soliton envelope decreases rapidly. Within the first bandgap, the peak of the soliton envelope decreases as the Lévy index decreases and decreases as the propagation constant increases under positive defect conditions. In summary, the envelope, power, and stability of defect solitons are significantly influenced by the defect strength, Lévy index, and propagation constant.
, authors=Tian XIA, Weijun CHEN, Boxuan SUN, Jingyu WANG, Chuyao WU, Haoran XIA, Peng ZHAO, Liankai WANG, De SONG, authorsList=Tian XIA, Weijun CHEN, Boxuan SUN, Jingyu WANG, Chuyao WU, Haoran XIA, Peng ZHAO, Liankai WANG, De SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weijun CHEN, De SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1315743765269164120, articleId=1315743762354122828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, language=CN, title=分数衍射下PT对称光学格子中的缺陷孤子, columnId=1315743731752489080, journalTitle=光子学报, columnName=非线性光学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
研究了分数阶克尔非线性薛定谔方程中PT对称光学格子中缺陷孤子的存在性、稳定性和动力学特性。结果表明:光学格子的带隙范围随着Lévy指数的减小而变宽,随着晶格缺陷强度从负到正增加,半无穷带隙范围逐渐变窄,其他带隙范围则逐渐变窄。在分数衍射下,随着Lévy指数的增加,对于所有缺陷晶格,半无穷带隙和第一带隙内缺陷孤子的功率逐渐变大,孤子的稳定性越来越好。负缺陷和零缺陷情况下,缺陷孤子仅在半无穷带隙存在稳定区间,在第一带隙全不稳定,正缺陷情况下,缺陷孤子在半无穷带隙和第一带隙内均存在稳定区间。此外,在半无穷带隙内,随Lévy指数的减小,缺陷孤子包络的峰值增加,宽度变窄,随着传播常数的增加,缺陷孤子包络的峰值迅速减小;在第一带隙内,正缺陷情况下孤子包络的峰值随Lévy指数的减小而变小,随传播常数绝对值的增加而变大。
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2010: 90-98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1315743765504045145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743765512433754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, companyId=1315743765504045145, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1315743765520822363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, companyId=1315743765504045145, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1长春理工大学 物理学院, 长春 130022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1315743770746925204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Lattice profiles, band structures, and band gap ranges for different types of defects. (a) Lattice profile with a negative defect (ɛ=-0.5); (b) Lattice profile with zero defect (ɛ=0); (c) Lattice profile with a positive defect (ɛ=0.5); (d) Band structure with a negative defect (ɛ=-0.5); (e) Band structure with zero defect (ɛ=0); (f) Band structure with a positive defect (ɛ=0.5); (g) Bandgap range with a negative defect (ɛ=-0.5) at α=1.5; (h) Bandgap range with zero defect (ɛ=0) at α=1.5; (i) Bandgap range with a positive defect (ɛ=0.5) at α = 1.5, figureFileSmall=XbHfYlgRD5fK+kzGFDO7yw==, figureFileBig=ycNAYEmG4ScqGId7cJ2fDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743770822422677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不同缺陷类型的晶格强度曲线、能带结构和带隙范围。 (a) 负缺陷(ɛ=-0.5)晶格强度曲线;(b) 零缺陷(ɛ=0)晶格强度曲线;(c) 正缺陷(ɛ=0.5)晶格强度曲线;(d) 负缺陷(ɛ=-0.5)能带结构;(e) 零缺陷(ɛ=0)能带结构;(f) 正缺陷(ɛ=0.5)能带结构;(g) α=1.5时负缺陷(ɛ=-0.5)带隙范围;(h) α=1.5时零缺陷(ɛ=0)带隙范围;(i) α=1.5时正缺陷(ɛ=0.5)带隙范围, figureFileSmall=XbHfYlgRD5fK+kzGFDO7yw==, figureFileBig=ycNAYEmG4ScqGId7cJ2fDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771015360662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Power, stability, envelope and evolution diagrams of solitons in negative defect lattices (ɛ=-0.5). (a) Power P versus propagation constant b for defect solitons in the semi-infinite gap and the first gap under different Lévy indices; (b) Perturbation growth rate Re(δ) versus propagation constant b under different Lévy indices; (c)~(f) Defect soliton envelopes corresponding to points A(b=-3.1, α=1.2)、B(b=-4, α=1.5)、C(b=-2.5, α=1.8)、D(b=-1, α=1.8) in Fig. (a) or (b), respectively; (g)~(j) Evolution of the soliton envelopes in (c)~(f) under 10% Gaussian random noise perturbation, figureFileSmall=USGiyDXa5BAAyHAa//LH6g==, figureFileBig=tDEEivfxEnHmVyI0y9nJ1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771095052439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
负缺陷晶格(ɛ=-0.5)中孤子的功率、稳定性、包络及其演化图。 (a) 不同Lévy指数下半无穷带隙和第一带隙中缺陷孤子的功率P与传播常数b的关系;(b) 不同Lévy指数下扰动增长率Re(δ)与传播常数b的关系;(c)~(f) 图(a)或(b)中A(b=-3.1, α=1.2)、B(b=-4, α=1.5)、C(b=-2.5, α=1.8)、D(b=-1, α=1.8)点处分别对应的缺陷孤子包络;(g)~(j) 图(c)~(f)中孤子包络在施加10%高斯随机噪声后的演化图, figureFileSmall=USGiyDXa5BAAyHAa//LH6g==, figureFileBig=tDEEivfxEnHmVyI0y9nJ1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771174744216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Power, stability, envelope and evolution diagrams of solitons in zero defect lattices (ɛ=0). (a) Power P versus propagation constant b for defect solitons in the semi-infinite gap and the first gap under different Lévy indices; (b) Perturbation growth rate Re(δ) versus propagation constant b under different Lévy indices; (c)~(f) Defect soliton envelopes corresponding to points A(b=-6.5, α=1.2)、B(b=-4, α=1.5)、C(b=-3, α=1.8)、D(b=-0.5, α=1.8) in Fig. (a) or (b), respectively; (g)~(j) Evolution of the soliton envelopes in (c)~(f) under 10% Gaussian random noise perturbation, figureFileSmall=bQQNsUv8uSoZzF6+faoQuQ==, figureFileBig=GatY+CRxVcj2pn7ah+2QVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771254435993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
零缺陷晶格(ɛ=0)中孤子的功率、稳定性、包络及其演化图。 (a) 不同Lévy指数下半无穷带隙和第一带隙中缺陷孤子的功率P与传播常数b的关系;(b) 不同Lévy指数下扰动增长率Re(δ)与传播常数b的关系;(c)~(f) 图(a)或(b)中A(b =-6.5, α = 1.2)、B(b =-4, α = 1.5)、C(b =-3, α=1.8)、D(b =-0.5, α=1.8)点处分别对应的缺陷孤子包络;(g)~(j) 图(c)~(f)中孤子包络在施加10%高斯随机噪声后的演化图, figureFileSmall=bQQNsUv8uSoZzF6+faoQuQ==, figureFileBig=GatY+CRxVcj2pn7ah+2QVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771321544858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Power, stability, envelope and evolution diagrams of solitons in positive defect lattices (ɛ=0.5). (a) Power P versus propagation constant b for defect solitons in the semi-infinite gap and the first gap under different Lévy indices; (b) Perturbation growth rate Re(δ) versus propagation constant b under different Lévy indices; (c)~(f) Defect soliton envelopes corresponding to points A(b=-6.5, α=1.2)、B(b=-4, α=1.5)、C(b=-3, α=1.8)、D(b=-0.3, α=1.5) in Fig. (a) or (b), respectively; (g)~(j) Evolution of the soliton envelopes in (c)~(f) under 10% Gaussian random noise perturbation, figureFileSmall=SwX52g0KSvDd6/zWB+wiTA==, figureFileBig=6VCFNRQX95CHiXfJT4xgSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771388653723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
正缺陷晶格(ɛ=0.5)中孤子的功率、稳定性、包络及其演化图。 (a) 不同Lévy指数下半无穷带隙和第一带隙中缺陷孤子的功率P与传播常数b的关系;(b) 不同Lévy指数下扰动增长率Re(δ)与传播常数b的关系;(c)~(f) 图(a)或(b)中A(b=-6.5, α=1.2)、B(b=-4, α=1.5)、C(b=-3, α=1.8)、D(b=-0.3, α=1.5)点处分别对应的缺陷孤子包络;(g)~(j) 图(c)~(f)中孤子包络在施加10%高斯随机噪声后的演化图, figureFileSmall=SwX52g0KSvDd6/zWB+wiTA==, figureFileBig=6VCFNRQX95CHiXfJT4xgSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771451568284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
The influence of system parameters on the characteristics of defect solitons. (a) Power P versus propagation constant b for defect solitons in the semi-infinite gap and the first gap, selected at α=1.5; (b) Perturbation growth rate Re(δ) versus propagation constant b;(c)~(e) Envelopes of semi-infinite gap defect solitons for selected α, b=-5, and defect strengths ε=-0.5, 0, and 0.5; (f) Envelope of a first-gap defect soliton for a positive defect ε=0.5, with selected α and b=-1; (g)~(i) Envelopes of semi-infinite gap defect solitons for selected α=1.5, b, and defect strengths ε=-0.5, 0, and 0.5; (j) Envelope of a first-gap defect soliton for a positive defect ε=0.5, with selected α=1.5 and b, figureFileSmall=jH0C+3zyfmtIK266TsVUHw==, figureFileBig=SYrhnoYC9tAkdTgGXfFcuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1315743771527065757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1315121910733963395, articleId=1315743762354122828, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
系统参数对缺陷孤子特征的影响。 (a) 半无穷带隙和第一带隙中选定的α=1.5时,缺陷孤子的功率P与传播常数b的关系;(b) 扰动增长率Re(δ)与传播常数b的关系;(c)-(e) 选定的α,b=-5和缺陷强度ɛ=-0.5,0和0.5时半无穷带隙缺陷孤子轮廓;(f) 正缺陷ɛ=0.5选定的α和b=-1时第一带隙缺陷孤子轮廓;(g)-(i) 选定的α=1.5,b时缺陷强度ɛ=-0.5,0和0.5时半无穷带隙缺陷孤子轮廓;(j) 正缺陷ɛ=0.5选定的α=1.5和b时第一带隙缺陷孤子轮廓, figureFileSmall=jH0C+3zyfmtIK266TsVUHw==, figureFileBig=SYrhnoYC9tAkdTgGXfFcuw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1315120956596912254, delFlag=0, nameCn=光子学报, nameEn=Acta Photonica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1004-4213, eissn=null, cn=61-1235/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=V4CYNtLUy6tkm8zxiX3hkw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, 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